Quality-improving and efficiency-improving planting method for macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard

Abstract

The invention provides a macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard quality-improving and efficiency-improving planting method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the method, firstly, land resources under macadamia nut forests are fully utilized, dry rice and potherb mustard are harvested while macadamia nuts are harvested, and the income of unit area is increased; secondly, the measure of planting potherb mustard under the macadamia nut forest is taken in the dry season, so that the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut garden are improved, and the fruit setting rate and yield of the macadamia nuts are increased; thirdly, the measure of planting dry rice under the macadamia nut forest is taken in the rainy season, a natural isolation belt is formed between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit diseases is greatly reduced, and the quality of the macadamia nuts is improved; and the method has very strong popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and relates to a planting method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forests, upland rice and snow vegetable. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia nuts (Macadamia spp.), also known as macadamia nuts, Queensland chestnuts, and Australian walnuts, are large evergreen trees of the genus Macadamia (Macadamia F. Muell.) of the Proteaceae family. my country is currently the country with the largest macadamia nut planting area in the world, and Yunnan is the largest macadamia nut production area in my country. As of 2023, the national macadamia nut planting area is 5.2338 million mu, of which Yunnan has a planting area of ​​4.1 million mu. Macadamia nuts are a characteristic economic forest in Yunnan, with tall tree crowns. The planting area is mainly mountainous (including hilly) landform types. Macadamia nuts are basically planted in mountains. The average rainfall in the planting area is more than 1,000 mm, but the rainfall is severely unevenly distributed, which is manifested as severe drought in winter and spring, and high temperature and heavy rain in summer and early autumn.

[0003] Macadamia nuts are a typical tropical and subtropical resource-constrained industry. The leaves are highly leathery and have a certain ability to withstand drought stress, but water shortage is serious, especially from February to May, which will directly affect the fruit setting rate, yield and quality of macadamia nuts. At the same time, the root system of macadamia nuts is a fibrous root system, and the root system is mainly distributed vertically within 70 cm of the surface, of which more than 70% of the roots are concentrated in the soil of 0-50 cm. Therefore, macadamia nuts are extremely sensitive to water. In the hot and rainy season in summer, poor drainage and irrigation will lead to excessive soil moisture and obstructed root respiration, thus affecting the normal growth of macadamia nuts. Even in orchards with good drainage and irrigation, macadamia nuts are in a rainy and humid environment for a long time from the late stage of fruit expansion to the fruit maturity, which will cause serious occurrence of black fruit disease in the lower fruit. In the macadamia nut planting area in Yunnan, on the premise of making full use of the limited land resources under the macadamia nut forest, combined with the climate, rainfall and other characteristics of the macadamia nut planting area, as well as the fertilizer and water requirements of macadamia nut production, after years of experiments and demonstrations, a planting method of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-snow vegetable has been formed to improve the quality and efficiency. The implementation of this method, firstly, makes full use of the land resources under the macadamia nut forest. While harvesting macadamia nuts, upland rice and snow vegetable are also harvested, thereby increasing the income per unit area; secondly, measures are taken to plant snow vegetable under the macadamia nut forest in the dry season, thereby improving the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut orchard, and increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; thirdly, measures are taken to plant upland rice under the macadamia nut forest in the rainy season, thereby forming a natural isolation zone between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease, and improving the quality of macadamia nuts. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology; the method firstly makes full use of the land resources under the macadamia nut forest, and harvests upland rice and potherb mustard while harvesting macadamia nuts, thereby increasing the income per unit area; secondly, measures of planting potherb mustard under the macadamia nut forest are taken in the dry season, thereby improving the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut garden and increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; thirdly, measures of planting upland rice under the macadamia nut forest are taken in the rainy season, thereby forming a natural isolation zone between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease and improving the quality of macadamia nuts; the method has a strong prospect for promotion and application.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted are as follows: A method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-sauerkraut planting, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Selection of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-snow vegetable planting site The macadamia forest-upland rice-snow vegetable planting area should be located in sunny, relatively concentrated and continuous macadamia forests with a slope of less than 25 degrees; Step S2: Upland rice planting During the spring crop planting season, upland rice is planted from April to May each year. The whole growth period of upland rice is 110-130 days, and it is harvested from mid-to-late August to early September each year. This period happens to be the hot and rainy season in Yunnan’s macadamia nut planting area, which can provide suitable moisture for upland rice production, avoid water accumulation in macadamia nut orchards, and form a barrier between nuts and the land, reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease.

[0006] Step S3: Planting of snow vegetable Snow vegetables are planted during the early spring crop planting period, from September to March of the following year, during which two crops of snow vegetables are planted and harvested continuously; the first crop of snow vegetables is planted from September to October of each year, and the growth cycle is harvested after 70-90 days; the second crop of snow vegetables is planted and the land is prepared immediately after the first crop is harvested; the production cycle of the second crop of snow vegetables is 90-120 days, and it is generally harvested in March or April of the following year; Step S4: Management of the macadamia orchard The planting and management methods of the first and second snow cabbage crops under the macadamia forest are the same; pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and cabbage worms during the planting of snow cabbage, or combine it with the pest control work in the macadamia orchard, spray snow cabbage at the same time when spraying pesticides, and the pesticides used should be low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides. It is forbidden to spray any pesticides in the macadamia orchard within 15 days before the snow cabbage is harvested; The pruning period of the macadamia nut orchard is staggered with the planting period of upland rice and snow vegetable under the macadamia nut forest.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step S1, the macadamia nut planting row spacing selected in the planting site is 5 meters × 7 meters, that is, 20-25 plants are planted every 667 square meters.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the upland rice is sown in strips by direct seeding; the seeds are mixed with a seed dressing agent or soaked before sowing; the soil layer is plowed 20-30 cm deep before planting, leveled and raked, weeds and stubble are removed, and a full-layer fertilization method is adopted, 5-10 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 10-20 kg of triple compound fertilizer are applied per mu before tillage; the sowing amount is 4-6 kg / mu, the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 28-30 cm; and a closed-type upland rice special herbicide is sprayed once before seedlings after sowing to prevent weeds.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S3, healthy snow vegetable seedlings suitable for planting in autumn and winter and having a certain drought resistance are selected for planting.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific method for planting snow mustard in the macadamia nut forest in step S3 is as follows: During the early spring crop planting period, which is from September to March of the following year, two crops of snow vegetables are planted and harvested continuously; the first crop of snow vegetables is planted in September-October of each year, and is harvested after a growth cycle of 70-90 days; the second crop of snow vegetables is planted after the first crop is harvested, in November-December. The production cycle of the second crop of snow vegetables is 90-120 days, and it is generally harvested in March-April of the following year.

[0011] Furthermore, the ternary compound fertilizer in step S3 refers to N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O=15: 15: 15 compound fertilizer.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, before transplanting snow vegetables, the land is prepared and base fertilizer is applied. 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard, and water is sprayed once before transplanting; the seeds are planted in slightly raised ridges, or in holes or rows, with a row spacing of 0.03-0.05 meters × 0.03-0.05 meters. With the macadamia trunk as the center, snow vegetables are not planted within a radius of about 1 meter under the tree; 2500-3000 snow vegetables are planted per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the macadamia nut garden is controlled for pests and diseases by spraying once with the insecticide combination of cypermethrin + thiophanate-methyl during the snow vegetable planting period; and the upland rice is controlled for pests and diseases by spraying once with cypermethrin + thiophanate-methyl during the flowering period.

[0014] Furthermore, the pruning period of the macadamia nut orchard in step S4 is pruning after the first harvest of snow vegetable, that is, from December to January of the following year. Generally, underground fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, and the fertilization of the macadamia nut orchard is considered during the land preparation and fertilization when planting upland rice and snow vegetable. If supplementary fertilization is needed at other times, compound fertilizer can be used for fertilization.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in: A planting method for improving the quality and efficiency of a macadamia nut forest, upland rice and snow vegetable, firstly, making full use of the land resources under the macadamia nut forest, harvesting upland rice and snow vegetable at the same time as macadamia nuts, thereby increasing the income per unit area; secondly, taking measures of planting snow vegetable under the macadamia nut forest in the dry season, improving the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut garden, and increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; thirdly, taking measures of planting upland rice under the macadamia nut forest in the rainy season, forming a natural isolation zone between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, greatly reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease, and improving the quality of macadamia nuts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a photo of planting snow vegetables under a macadamia nut forest according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a photo of upland rice planted under a macadamia nut forest according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: 1. Overview of the test site The test site is located in Daxing Village, Luodang Town, Fengqing County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The area is 700-1300 m above sea level, with an average annual temperature of >19°C. It is a mountainous area with brick red soil. There are 500 mu of macadamia trees planted, with trees over 8 years old and bearing fruit for over 4 years. The planting specifications are 4-5 m spacing, 6-7 m row spacing, about 20 macadamia trees per mu, and the rows are planted at equal heights around the mountain. The main varieties are OC, 344, 695, A4, Guire No. 1 and A16.

[0020] 2. Design of experimental demonstration base The experimental demonstration bases are all set up in the planting base of Fengqing Hongse Fumin Planting Co., Ltd. The experiment is designed with 3 macadamia planting areas, each of which is a replicate. Four planting patterns are set up in the same area: ① planting macadamia alone; ② macadamia + dry rice planting pattern; ③ macadamia + 2-crop snow vegetable planting pattern; ④ macadamia + dry rice + 2-crop snow vegetable planting pattern. Each planting pattern in each replicate has 1 mu, and the 3 replicates and 4 patterns have a total of 12 mu of macadamia land for experimental demonstration.

[0021] 3. Experimental Demonstration Process Dry rice row planting: On April 10, 2023, 40 kg of dry rice seeds that had been mixed with seed dressing agent purchased from the local planting management department were planted in rows. First, biological organic fertilizer was spread on the macadamia nut base where dry rice would be planted, about 8 kg per mu, and then N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O=15: 15: 15 10 kg of triple compound fertilizer, then loosen and level the land, sow 5 kg per mu in rows, sow 2 cm to 4 cm deep, and row spacing of about 30 cm. Within 5 days after sowing, spray a closed type upland rice special herbicide to prevent weeds before germination. During the rice production period, spread topdressing twice on June 15 and July 20, each time spreading N: P per mu 2 O 5 : K 2 10kg of triple compound fertilizer of O=15: 15: 15 was applied. The upland rice in the experimental area was harvested on August 6.

[0022] Planting and management of double-season snow cabbage: The first crop of snow cabbage was planted on September 20 and harvested on November 28 of the same year; the second crop of snow cabbage was planted on December 10 and harvested on April 6, 2024. First, spread bio-organic fertilizer on the macadamia field, 45 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, then prepare the land, and then plant snow cabbage. Plant with a row spacing of 0.03 m×0.05 m, with the macadamia trunk as the center, and snow cabbage is not planted within a radius of about 1 meter under the tree. About 2,800 snow cabbage plants are planted per mu. The planting and management methods of the first and second crops of snow cabbage are the same. The first and second crops of snow cabbage were watered once for rooting immediately after the snow cabbage was planted, and then each crop of snow cabbage was watered once during the growth process.

[0023] Management of macadamia trees: For the test demonstration model areas where snow vegetable is not planted, watering is synchronized with the snow vegetable planting model, and the insecticide combination of acetamiprid + cypermethrin is sprayed once in all test demonstration areas. After the macadamia harvest, unified pruning of the nut orchard will be carried out from December 1 to December 9, 2024 before the second snow vegetable planting. Combined with the prevention and control of pests and diseases during the flowering period of upland rice, all macadamia orchards will be sprayed with cypermethrin + thiophanate-methyl once.

[0024] 4. Investigation of the pilot demonstration area During the macadamia harvest period, the yield of macadamia nuts under different planting modes was measured on September 4, 2024. In each replication and planting mode, 5 OC macadamia trees with similar tree size were randomly selected, and the green fruit weight of these 5 trees was weighed. According to the standard of planting 20 macadamia trees per acre, the green fruit yield of macadamia nuts in each experimental area was measured. At the same time, the incidence of fruit black fruit disease in each experimental demonstration mode was observed and counted.

[0025] 5. Experimental Demonstration Results The results of the test demonstration showed that among the four different planting patterns, the yield of green-skinned macadamia fruits was the highest in the planting pattern of macadamia + upland rice + 2-crop snow vegetable, with a yield of 440.42 kg / mu, followed by the planting pattern of macadamia + 2-crop snow vegetable, with a yield of 323.62 kg / mu, and then the planting pattern of macadamia + upland rice. The worst was the planting pattern of macadamia alone, with a yield of only 181.88 kg / mu. Among the four planting patterns, the incidence of black fruit disease in the planting pattern of macadamia + upland rice + 2-crop snow vegetable was 2.33%, which was much lower than that of the other three planting patterns.

[0026] At the same time, in the area with macadamia nut + upland rice + 2 crops of snow vegetable planting pattern, while harvesting and increasing the yield of macadamia nuts and reducing the incidence of black fruit disease, upland rice and 2 crops of snow vegetable are also harvested in the same macadamia nut planting area, greatly increasing the land utilization rate of the macadamia nut orchard.

[0027] The macadamia nut production and snow vegetable income of the four models are summarized in Table 1: Table 1 Statistics on macadamia yield and black fruit disease under different planting patterns

[0028] Note: The above-mentioned macadamia nut production refers to the weight of green fruit Therefore, the implementation of this method, firstly, makes full use of the land resources under the macadamia nut forest. While harvesting macadamia nuts, upland rice and snow vegetable are also harvested, thereby increasing the income per unit area; secondly, measures of planting snow vegetable under the macadamia nut forest in the dry season improve the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut orchard, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; thirdly, measures of planting upland rice under the macadamia nut forest in the rainy season form a natural isolation zone between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease, thereby improving the quality of macadamia nuts.

[0029] In summary, the present invention provides a planting method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology; the method firstly makes full use of the land resources under the macadamia nut forest, and harvests upland rice and potherb mustard while harvesting macadamia nuts, thereby increasing the income per unit area; secondly, measures of planting potherb mustard under the macadamia nut forest are taken in the dry season, thereby improving the soil and air humidity of the macadamia nut garden, and increasing the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; thirdly, measures of planting upland rice under the macadamia nut forest are taken in the rainy season, thereby forming a natural isolation zone between the ground and the macadamia nut fruits, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and black fruit disease, and improving the quality of macadamia nuts; the method has a strong prospect for promotion and application.

[0030] The above description is not intended to impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed through the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Selection of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-snow vegetable planting site The macadamia forest-upland rice-snow vegetable planting area should be located in sunny, relatively concentrated and continuous macadamia forests with a slope of less than 25 degrees; Step S2: Upland rice planting In the spring crop planting season, upland rice is planted from April to May each year. The whole growth period of upland rice is 110-130 days, and it is harvested from mid-to-late August to early September each year. Step S3: Planting of snow vegetable Snow vegetables are planted during the early spring crop planting period, from September to March of the following year, during which two crops of snow vegetables are planted and harvested continuously; the first crop of snow vegetables is planted from September to October of each year, and the growth cycle is harvested after 70-90 days; the second crop of snow vegetables is planted and the land is prepared immediately after the first crop is harvested; the production cycle of the second crop of snow vegetables is 90-120 days, and it is generally harvested in March or April of the following year; Step S4: Management of the macadamia orchard The planting and management methods of the first and second snow cabbage crops under the macadamia forest are the same; pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and cabbage worms during the planting of snow cabbage, or combine it with the pest control work in the macadamia orchard, spray snow cabbage at the same time when spraying pesticides, and the pesticides used should be low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides. It is forbidden to spray any pesticides in the macadamia orchard within 15 days before the snow cabbage is harvested; The pruning period of the macadamia nut orchard is staggered with the planting period of upland rice and snow vegetable under the macadamia nut forest.

2. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the planting site is selected to have a macadamia nut planting row spacing of 5 meters×7 meters, that is, 20-25 plants are planted per 667 square meters.

3. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method of direct seeding of upland rice is selected, and the seeds are sown in strips; before sowing, the seeds are mixed with seed dressing agent or soaked; before planting, the soil layer is plowed 20-30 cm deep, leveled and raked, weeds and stubble are removed, and the whole layer fertilization method is adopted. Before tillage, 5-10 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 10-20 kg of triple compound fertilizer are applied per mu; the sowing amount is 4-6 kg / mu, the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and the row spacing is 28-30 cm; after sowing and before seedlings, a closed-type upland rice special herbicide is sprayed once to prevent weeds.

4. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of planting macadamia nut forests, upland rice and snow vegetable as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the healthy snow vegetable seedlings suitable for planting in autumn and winter and having a certain drought resistance are selected for planting.

5. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of planting macadamia nut forests, upland rice and snow vegetable as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of planting snow mustard in the macadamia nut forest in the step S3 is as follows: During the early spring crop planting period, which is from September to March of the following year, two crops of snow vegetables are planted and harvested continuously; the first crop of snow vegetables is planted in September-October of each year, and is harvested after a growth cycle of 70-90 days; the second crop of snow vegetables is planted after the first crop is harvested, in November-December. The production cycle of the second crop of snow vegetables is 90-120 days, and it is generally harvested in March-April of the following year.

6. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of planting macadamia nut forests, upland rice and snow vegetable as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The ternary compound fertilizer in step S3 refers to a compound fertilizer with N: P2O5: K2O=15: 15:

15.

7. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of macadamia nut forest-upland rice-potherb mustard as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the land is prepared and base fertilizer is applied before transplanting snow vegetables. 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard, and water is sprayed once before transplanting; the plants are planted in slightly raised ridges, or in holes or rows, with a row spacing of 0.03-0.05 meters × 0.03-0.05 meters. Snow vegetables are not planted within a radius of about 1 meter under the macadamia nut tree with the macadamia trunk as the center; 2500-3000 snow vegetables are planted per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard.

8. A method for improving planting efficiency by planting snow mustard under macadamia trees in dry season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the macadamia nut garden is controlled for pests and diseases by spraying once with the insecticide combination of cypermethrin + thiophanate-methyl during the snow vegetable planting period; and the upland rice is controlled for pests and diseases by spraying once with cypermethrin + thiophanate-methyl during the flowering period.

9. A method for improving planting efficiency by planting snow mustard under macadamia trees in dry season as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pruning period of the macadamia nut orchard in step S4 is pruning after the first batch of snow vegetable is harvested, that is, from December to January of the following year.

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