Dipsacus asperoids medicinal material photoperiod regulation and control yield-increasing planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting, and discloses a dipsacus asperoids medicinal material photoperiod regulation and control yield-increasing planting method which comprises the following steps: selecting and preparing a planting site, selecting a land parcel with sufficient illumination, good drainage and fertile soil as a planting shed base, and deeply ploughing 30 days before planting; teasel root seedlings which are 15-20 cm in plant height, complete in root system and free of plant diseases and insect pests are selected for field planting, the field planting time is the middle ten days of April in spring or the last ten days of September in autumn, the field planting density is that the row spacing ranges from 50 cm to 60 cm, the plant spacing ranges from 30 cm to 40 cm, and root fixing water is thoroughly watered after field planting; a photoperiod regulation and control system is built, an LED plant growth lamp is adopted as a supplementary light source, a light source spectrum is configured to be a combination of red light and blue light wavelengths, the light intensity ratio is 3: 1, and illumination parameters are set according to the teasel root growth stage. The dipsacus asperoids medicinal material photoperiod regulation and control yield-increasing planting method aims to improve the yield and quality of the dipsacus asperoids medicinal material by regulating and controlling the photoperiod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and specifically to a method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by regulating photoperiod. Background Technique

[0002] As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Dipsacus asperoides has a wide range of applications in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Its growth and reproduction are restricted by various environmental factors, and photoperiod is one of the key factors. Photoperiod regulates its growth and development process by affecting photosynthesis, hormone secretion, and gene expression of Dipsacus asperoides. Under long-day conditions, Dipsacus asperoides plants can accumulate more photosynthetic products, accelerate stem elongation and leaf growth, which is beneficial to the rapid development of vegetative organs and lays a material foundation for subsequent reproductive growth. In a short-day environment, it is easier to induce the transformation of Dipsacus asperoides from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, promote flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruiting, and have an important impact on the yield and quality of its seeds.

[0003] During the traditional planting process of Dipsacus asperoides, the photoperiod management is extensive, relying only on natural light changes, and no artificial supplementary lighting or shading system is established, resulting in the inability to accurately match the photoperiod requirements at different growth stages. For example, during the vegetative growth period, 14-16 hours of long-day light is required to promote the development of stems and leaves, while during the reproductive growth period, 12 hours of short-day light is required to induce the swelling of tuberous roots. It is difficult to achieve staged regulation by traditional methods, and there are certain defects. Therefore, a method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by regulating photoperiod is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of improving the yield and quality of Dipsacus asperoides by regulating photoperiod, and a method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by regulating photoperiod is proposed.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by regulating photoperiod includes the following steps:

[0007] S10. Selection and preparation of the planting site. Select a plot with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil as the planting shed base, and conduct deep plowing 30 days before planting;

[0008] S20. Selection and planting of Dipsacus asperoides seedlings. Select Dipsacus asperoides seedlings with a plant height of 15-20 cm, complete roots, and no pests and diseases for planting. The planting time is in mid-April in spring or late September in autumn. The planting density is between 50 and 60 cm in row spacing and between 30 and 40 cm in plant spacing. After planting, pour sufficient root water;

[0009] S30. Set up the photoperiod regulation system. Use LED plant growth lights as supplementary light sources. The spectral configuration of the light source is a combination of red and blue light wavelengths, and the light intensity ratio is 3:1. Set the light parameters according to the growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides.

[0010] Seedling stage: The light intensity is 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is 14 hours per day.

[0011] Growth stage: The light intensity is dynamically adjusted according to formula (1):

[0012]

[0013] In the formula, I(t) is the light intensity on the t-th day, I min =200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , I max =300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and T is the total number of days in the growth stage.

[0014] Flowering stage: The light intensity is adjusted to 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is extended to 16 hours per day.

[0015] Fruiting stage: The light intensity remains 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is shortened to 12 hours per day.

[0016] S40. Monitor and regulate environmental parameters. Install a sensor component in the planting shed base to monitor the environment in the planting shed base in real time for corresponding regulation.

[0017] S50. Evaluate and adjust the effect of light regulation. Measure the plant height (H), number of leaves (L), and stem diameter (D) of Dipsacus asperoides every 15 days, and calculate the growth index (GI) to evaluate the effect of light regulation:

[0018] GI = α·H + β·L + γ·D 2

[0019] In the formula, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, taking 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively.

[0020] Measure the yield (Y) and active ingredient content (C) of Dipsacus asperoides at the harvest stage, and calculate the comprehensive benefit index (BEI):

[0021] BEI = δ·Y + ∈·C

[0022] Wherein, δ and ∈ are benefit weights, taking 0.6 and 0.4 respectively;

[0023] Dynamically optimize the light control scheme according to the BEI value. If the BEI is lower than the preset threshold of 1.2, adjust the light parameters for the next growth cycle.

[0024] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0025] Furthermore, in S10, the slope of the planting shed base does not exceed 5°, the soil pH value is controlled between 6.5 and 7.5, the deep plowing depth is not less than 40 cm, 3000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied after leveling the land, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15.

[0026] Furthermore, in S30, during the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity in the growth period, a segmented light intensity control strategy is adopted:

[0027] When the growth days t ≤ 20 days, the light intensity is adjusted according to the linear growth mode, and the formula is expressed as:

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the initial light intensity (I min ), 300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the target light intensity (I max ), and 20 days is the linear growth period;

[0030] When t > 20 days, switch to the logarithmic growth mode:

[0031]

[0032] Wherein, ln(4) is the logarithmic growth coefficient to ensure that the target light intensity is reached at the end of the growth period (t = 60 days).

[0033] Furthermore, in S40, the sensor assembly includes but is not limited to a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a CO 2 concentration sensor. When the temperature and humidity sensor monitors that the temperature exceeds 28 °C, start the ventilation system; when the temperature and humidity sensor monitors that the relative humidity is lower than 40%, turn on the micro-mist humidification system. The atomization particle diameter of the micro-mist humidification system is controlled between 5 and 10 μm, and the humidification efficiency is not less than 95%; when the CO 2 concentration is lower than 400 ppm, supplement CO through the air supply system installed in the planting shed base 2Gas, with a supply rate of 5 L / min·m 3 , and the gas supply time is controlled within 2 hours after the start of daily lighting.

[0034] Furthermore, when introducing the correction term of the number of flower buds (F) in the calculation of the growth index (GI), a non-linear weighting model is adopted:

[0035] GI = 0.5H + 0.3L + 0.2D 2 + 0.1F 1.2

[0036] In the formula, H is the plant height, L is the number of fully expanded leaves, D is the diameter of the stem base, F is the number of flower buds per plant, and the flower bud number term is corrected by the 1.2th power to highlight the contribution of reproductive growth during the flowering period to the overall growth state. The data acquisition system is configured with a laser rangefinder to measure the plant height, an industrial camera to identify the number of leaves, and a linear variable differential transformer sensor to measure the stem diameter. All sensors are connected to the edge computing unit through the RS485 bus. The data fusion algorithm uses Kalman filtering, the measurement period is set to 7 days, and abnormal data is automatically excluded by the box plot method.

[0037] Furthermore, in the calculation of the comprehensive benefit index, when the content of the active ingredient (C) is lower than the specified threshold in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, a dynamic penalty coefficient is introduced:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, C std is set as the pharmacopoeia standard value of 2.5%, the penalty coefficient P ranges from 0.05 to 0.1, and the corrected benefit index formula is:

[0040] BEI = 0.6Y + 0.4(C - P)

[0041] In the formula, Y is the yield per mu (kg), and C is the measured content of the active ingredient (%).

[0042] Furthermore, in S30, the LED plant growth lights adopt a matrix layout. Among them, the LED plant growth lights adopt an intelligent control system, and the lamp distance is dynamically adjusted according to the width of the planting shed and the growth height of the Dipsacus asperoides, so as to ensure uniform light coverage of the entire planting area. The intelligent control system is designed based on an embedded microprocessor, integrating a light intensity sensor, a time controller, and a wireless communication module to realize real-time monitoring and remote control of light parameters. Among them, the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity I and the light time T follows the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, I 0 and T 0are the base light intensity and base light time respectively, and k 1 and k 2 are adjustment coefficients, ΔT and ΔI are the changes in temperature and light intensity respectively, P and Q are the adjustment periods of light intensity and light time respectively. By real-time monitoring of the environmental temperature and the growth state of Dipsacus asperoides, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the light parameters to optimize the growth environment of Dipsacus asperoides.

[0045] Furthermore, after deep plowing the land, soil testing is required. According to the test results, a quantitative amount of lime or sulfur powder is added to adjust the soil pH value to between 6.5 and 7.5. At the same time, 4000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 100 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 16:16:16. During the fertilization process, the layered fertilization method is adopted. The organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are mixed evenly and then applied to the soil surface layer, and then the fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed through deep subsoiling and tillage. In addition, a biological inoculant is introduced, and 2 kg of biological inoculant is applied per mu to promote the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0046] Furthermore, the yield-increasing planting method also introduces an intelligent irrigation system. The intelligent irrigation system is designed based on a soil humidity sensor and a Dipsacus asperoides growth model, and can real-time monitor the soil humidity and automatically adjust the irrigation amount according to the growth needs of Dipsacus asperoides. The calculation of the irrigation amount V follows the following formula:

[0047] V = α·(W terget -W ceurrent )·A

[0048] In the formula, α is the irrigation coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides and weather conditions; W terget is the target soil humidity, W ceurrent is the current soil humidity, and A is the planting area. The intelligent irrigation system is integrated with the photoperiod regulation system, and data sharing and collaborative control are achieved through a wireless communication module. During the irrigation process, a water-saving irrigation method such as drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is adopted to ensure that the water evenly penetrates into the root area of Dipsacus asperoides.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0050] In terms of the selection and preparation of the planting site, a plot with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil is selected and deeply plowed in advance, creating an excellent basic environment for the growth of Dipsacus asperoides, which helps the plants take root and grow, and enhances their response ability to subsequent photoperiod regulation. In the link of selecting and planting Dipsacus asperoides seedlings, it is clearly stipulated to select seedlings with appropriate plant height, complete roots, and no pests and diseases, reasonably arrange the planting time and density, and also thoroughly water the root-fixing water. These measures ensure the survival rate and initial growth state of the seedlings, enabling the photoperiod regulation to effectively play its role on healthy plants. The photoperiod regulation system uses LED plant growth lights with a specific spectral configuration as supplementary light sources, and finely sets the light intensity and time according to different growth stages of Dipsacus asperoides, making up for the defect that the traditional planting cannot artificially regulate the photoperiod. For example, appropriate light intensity and longer light time are set in the seedling stage and growth stage, meeting the demand for long-daylight in the vegetative growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides and promoting the rapid development of stems and leaves; the light time is extended in the flowering stage and shortened in the fruiting stage, precisely matching the special requirements of the reproductive growth stage for the photoperiod, which helps flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, and tuberous root swelling, thereby increasing the yield and quality of Dipsacus asperoides. The automatic adjustment of light is realized through the intelligent control system, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the photoperiod regulation. The monitoring and regulation of environmental parameters can timely master the environmental changes in the planting shed, providing more suitable environmental conditions for the photoperiod regulation, further optimizing the growth environment of Dipsacus asperoides. By regularly measuring the plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter of Dipsacus asperoides to calculate the growth index, and measuring the yield and content of active ingredients at the harvest stage to calculate the comprehensive benefit index, and dynamically optimizing the light regulation plan according to the comprehensive benefit index, ensuring that the photoperiod regulation is always in the best state and continuously improving the planting benefit of Dipsacus asperoides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by photoperiod regulation according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] A method for increasing the yield of Dipsacus asperoides by photoperiod regulation according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0054] S10. Selection and preparation of the planting site: Select a plot with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil as the base of the planting shed, and deeply plow it 30 days before planting;

[0055] S20. Selection and planting of Dipsacus asperoides seedlings: Select Dipsacus asperoides seedlings with a plant height of 15 - 20 cm, intact roots, and no pests and diseases for planting. The planting time is in mid - April in spring or late September in autumn. The planting density is between 50 and 60 cm in row spacing and between 30 and 40 cm in plant spacing. After planting, pour sufficient root - setting water.

[0056] S30. Construction of the photoperiod regulation system: Use LED plant growth lights as supplementary light sources. The light source spectrum configuration is a wavelength combination of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm), and the light intensity ratio is 3:1. Set the light parameters according to the growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides.

[0057] Seedling stage (0 - 30 days after planting): The light intensity is 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is 14 hours per day.

[0058] Growth stage (31 - 90 days after planting): The light intensity is dynamically adjusted according to formula (1):

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, I(t) is the light intensity on the t - th day, I min =200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , I max =300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , T is the total number of days in the growth stage (60 days).

[0061] Flowering stage (91 - 120 days after planting): The light intensity is adjusted to 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is extended to 16 hours per day.

[0062] Fruiting stage (121 - 150 days after planting): The light intensity remains 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , and the light duration is shortened to 12 hours per day.

[0063] S40. Monitoring and regulation of environmental parameters: Install a sensor component in the planting shed base to monitor the environment in the planting shed base in real - time for corresponding regulation.

[0064] S50. Evaluation and adjustment of the light regulation effect: Measure the plant height (H), number of leaves (L), and stem diameter (D) of Dipsacus asperoides every 15 days, and calculate the growth index (GI) to evaluate the light regulation effect:

[0065] GI = α·H + β·L + γ·D 2

[0066] In the formula, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, taking 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively;

[0067] Measure the yield (Y) and active ingredient content (C) of Dipsacus asperoides Turcz. at the harvest stage, and calculate the comprehensive benefit index (BEI):

[0068] BEI = δ·Y + ∈·C

[0069] In the formula, δ and ∈ are benefit weights, taking 0.6 and 0.4 respectively;

[0070] Dynamically optimize the light control scheme according to the BEI value. If BEI is lower than the preset threshold of 1.2, adjust the light parameters for the next growth cycle.

[0071] Through the systematic design of links such as the planting site, seedling selection, photoperiod regulation, environmental monitoring, and effect evaluation, a precise photoperiod environment is provided for the growth of Dipsacus asperoides Turcz. Different light parameter settings in the seedling stage, growth stage, flowering stage, and fruiting stage meet the requirements of different growth stages of Dipsacus asperoides Turcz., which is beneficial to promoting plant growth, increasing yield and active ingredient content. The intelligent control system realizes the automatic adjustment of light, improves the scientific and intelligent level of planting. The evaluation system of growth index and comprehensive benefit index provides data support for the optimization of the light control scheme, ensuring the maximization of planting benefits.

[0072] At the time of planting, microbial inoculants can be dipped on the roots of the seedlings to enhance the disease resistance and nutrient absorption ability of the roots. The specific operation is to mix the microbial inoculants and water in a ratio of 1:10 to form a paste, and plant immediately after dipping the roots. In addition, during the seedling stage and growth stage, foliar fertilizers can be sprayed regularly. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is a mixed solution of 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprayed once every 10 days to supplement the nutrient elements required by the plants. At the same time, install a camera in the planting shed to monitor the growth status of Dipsacus asperoides Turcz. in real time, combine image recognition technology to automatically identify the symptoms of diseases and pests, and issue early warnings in a timely manner.

[0073] In S10, the slope of the planting shed base does not exceed 5°, the soil pH value is controlled between 6.5 and 7.5, the deep plowing depth is not less than 40 cm. After leveling the land, 3000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15. The slope of the planting shed base, soil pH value, deep plowing depth, fertilization amount, etc. are clearly specified, ensuring that the soil has good drainage, appropriate acidity and alkalinity, and sufficient fertility, providing a superior soil environment for the growth of Dipsacus asperoides. Layered fertilization and reasonable fertilizer ratio are conducive to the balanced supply of nutrients, promoting the root development and plant growth of Dipsacus asperoides. Before deep plowing the land, green manure crops such as Astragalus sinicus and Vicia sativa can be planted first. When the green manure crops grow to the full flowering stage, they are turned over to increase the soil organic matter content and improve the soil structure. In addition, during the process of adjusting the soil pH value, a soil pH value real-time monitor can be used to monitor the change of the soil pH value in real time. When the pH value deviates from the target range, the fertilization system is automatically triggered to add lime or sulfur powder for adjustment. At the same time, when fertilizing, the soil moisture condition can be combined, and it can be selected to apply fertilizer when the soil humidity is appropriate to improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0074] In S30, during the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity in the growth period, a segmented light intensity control strategy is adopted:

[0075] When the growth days t ≤ 20 days, the light intensity is adjusted according to the linear growth mode, and the formula is expressed as:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the initial light intensity (I min ), 300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the target light intensity (I max ), and 20 days is the linear growth period;

[0078] When t > 20 days, it switches to the logarithmic growth mode:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, ln(4) is the logarithmic growth coefficient to ensure that the target light intensity is reached at the end of the growth period (t = 60 days). This strategy is implemented through a PLC controller. The control module integrates a feedback loop of a light intensity sensor. The sampling period is set to 5 minutes, and a hardware watchdog circuit is equipped to prevent control out-of-step. The LED drive power supply adopts a constant current source design, with an output current accuracy of ±1%. The light intensity fluctuation is ≤2%. During the growth period, a segmented light intensity control strategy is adopted. Combining hardware configurations such as a PLC controller and a hardware watchdog circuit, precise dynamic adjustment of the light intensity is achieved, ensuring that Dipsacus asperoides can obtain an appropriate light intensity during the growth period, promoting photosynthesis and plant growth. The feedback loop of the light intensity sensor and the constant current source design ensure the stability and accuracy of the light intensity. During the installation of the LED plant growth lamp, a lamp holder with an adjustable angle can be used. According to the growth height and crown width of Dipsacus asperoides, the irradiation angle of the lamp can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the light uniformly covers the entire plant. In addition, a fuzzy control algorithm is introduced into the PLC controller. According to the changes in parameters such as environmental temperature and humidity, the growth rate of the light intensity is automatically adjusted to make the light control more flexible and adaptable to the actual growth environment. At the same time, in terms of hardware, a backup power supply system such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can be added to prevent power outages from affecting the light control system.

[0081] In S40, the sensor component includes but is not limited to a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a CO 2 concentration sensor. When the temperature and humidity sensor monitors that the temperature exceeds 28 °C, the ventilation system is started; when the temperature and humidity sensor monitors that the relative humidity is lower than 40%, the micro-mist humidification system is turned on. The atomization particle diameter of the micro-mist humidification system is controlled within 5 - 10 μm, and the humidification efficiency is not less than 95%; when the CO 2 concentration is lower than 400 ppm, CO 2 gas is supplemented through the gas supply system installed in the planting shed base, where the gas supply rate is 5 L / min·m 3 , and the gas supply time is controlled within 2 hours after the start of daily light. By real-time monitoring of the temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentration through the sensor component and starting the corresponding control equipment according to the monitoring results, suitable environmental conditions in the planting shed are maintained, which is beneficial to the photosynthesis and growth and development of Dipsacus asperoides. The parameter settings of the micro-mist humidification system and the CO 2 gas supply system ensure the effect and efficiency of humidification and gas supply. An anemometer is installed in the planting shed. When the monitored wind speed exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation opening is automatically closed to prevent strong winds from damaging the Dipsacus asperoides plants. In addition, a sunshade net automatic adjustment system can be introduced. When the light intensity exceeds the upper limit of the appropriate light intensity for Dipsacus asperoides, the sunshade net is automatically unfolded to reduce the light intensity and avoid leaf burning by strong light. At the same time, in the CO 2 gas supply system, the gas supply rate and time can be dynamically adjusted in combination with the light time and intensity to improve the CO2 Utilization efficiency

[0082] When introducing the flower bud number (F) correction term in the calculation of the growth index (GI), a non-linear weighted model is adopted:

[0083] GI = 0.5H + 0.3L + 0.2D 2 + 0.1F 1.2

[0084] In the formula, H is the plant height, L is the number of fully expanded leaves, D is the diameter of the stem base, F is the number of flower buds per plant, and the flower bud number term is corrected by the 1.2th power to highlight the contribution of reproductive growth during the flowering period to the overall growth state. The data acquisition system is configured with a laser rangefinder (accuracy 0.1 mm) to measure the plant height, an industrial camera (resolution 12 MP) to identify the number of leaves, and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensor (range 0 - 50 mm) to measure the stem diameter. All sensors are connected to the edge computing unit through the RS485 bus. The data fusion algorithm adopts Kalman filtering, the measurement period is set to 7 days, and abnormal data is automatically excluded by the box plot method. Introducing the flower bud number correction term in the growth index calculation and adopting a non-linear weighted model more comprehensively evaluates the growth state of Dipsacus asperoides, highlighting the contribution of reproductive growth during the flowering period to the overall growth. Advanced data acquisition equipment and data processing algorithms improve the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition, providing accurate data support for the evaluation of the growth state. In the data acquisition system, add root growth monitoring equipment such as a micro root scanner to regularly scan the roots of Dipsacus asperoides to obtain parameters such as root length, surface area, and volume to evaluate the root development. In addition, machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze data such as growth index, yield, and active ingredient content to establish a growth prediction model for Dipsacus asperoides to predict the growth trend and yield in advance, providing a decision-making basis for planting management. At the same time, in terms of data transmission, a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be adopted to achieve real-time data transmission and sharing, improving the efficiency of data processing.

[0085] In the calculation of the comprehensive benefit index, when the content of the active ingredient (C) is lower than the specified threshold in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, a dynamic penalty coefficient is introduced:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, C std is set as the pharmacopoeia standard value of 2.5%, the penalty coefficient P ranges from 0.05 to 0.1, and the corrected benefit index formula is:

[0088] BEI = 0.6Y + 0.4(C - P)

[0089] In the formula, Y represents the yield per mu (kg), and C represents the measured content of the active ingredient (%). This model is implemented through Python scripts and deployed on the server of the planting base, equipped with a MySQL database to store the data of previous detections. When BEI < 1.2 for two consecutive harvest periods, the lighting scheme optimization program is triggered. The genetic algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the photoperiod parameters. The population size is set to 50, and the mutation probability is 0.01. The iteration termination condition is that the change in fitness value is < 1% for 10 consecutive generations. A dynamic penalty coefficient is introduced in the calculation of the comprehensive benefit index, and penalties are imposed when the content of the active ingredient is lower than the pharmacopoeia standard, ensuring that the quality of the dipsacus roots meets the requirements. The lighting scheme optimization program based on the genetic algorithm can automatically optimize the lighting parameters according to the comprehensive benefit index, realizing the intelligent and adaptive adjustment of the planting scheme. A dipsacus root planting database is established in the server to store the planting data, growth data, yield data, and data on the content of active ingredients over the years. Using data mining techniques, the relationship between the lighting parameters, environmental parameters, yield, and content of active ingredients at different growth stages is analyzed, providing richer historical data support for the optimization of the lighting scheme. In addition, an expert system can be introduced. When the comprehensive benefit index is lower than the preset threshold, an early warning message is automatically sent to agricultural experts. Through remote consultation, the experts provide targeted optimization suggestions. At the same time, in the genetic algorithm, a local search strategy can be added to improve the search efficiency and optimization accuracy of the algorithm.

[0090] In S30, the LED plant growth lights are arranged in a matrix layout. Among them, the LED plant growth lights adopt an intelligent control system, and the lamp distance is dynamically adjusted according to the width of the planting shed and the growth height of the dipsacus roots to ensure uniform light coverage of the entire planting area. The intelligent control system is designed based on an embedded microprocessor, integrating a light intensity sensor, a time controller, and a wireless communication module to achieve real-time monitoring and remote control of the lighting parameters. Among them, the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity I and the lighting time T follows the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, I 0 and T 0 are the basic light intensity and the basic lighting time respectively, k 1 and k 2Let \(\alpha\) be the adjustment coefficient, \(\Delta T\) and \(\Delta I\) be the change amounts of temperature and light intensity respectively, and \(P\) and \(Q\) be the adjustment periods of light intensity and light time respectively. By real-time monitoring of the environmental temperature and the growth state of Dipsacus asperoides, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the light parameters to optimize the growth environment of Dipsacus asperoides. The LED plant growth lights adopt a matrix layout and an intelligent control system, which can dynamically adjust the lamp distance according to the width of the planting shed and the growth height of Dipsacus asperoides to ensure uniform light coverage of the entire planting area. The intelligent control system based on an embedded microprocessor integrates multiple sensors and communication modules, realizing real-time monitoring and remote control of light parameters, improving the flexibility and accuracy of light control. In the intelligent control system, a function for detecting the uniformity of light intensity is added. By arranging multiple light intensity sensors in the planting area, the light intensity at each point is detected in real time. When the detected light non-uniformity exceeds the set threshold, the position or light intensity of the lamps is automatically adjusted to improve the light uniformity. In addition, a solar power supply system can be used to power the LED plant growth lights. When the light is sufficient, the solar panels convert light energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery for use at night or on cloudy days, reducing energy consumption and planting costs. At the same time, in the wireless communication module, an encrypted communication protocol is adopted to ensure the security and reliability of data transmission.

[0093] After deep plowing the land, soil testing is required. According to the test results, a certain amount of lime or sulfur powder is added to adjust the soil pH value to between 6.5 and 7.5. At the same time, 4000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 100 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 16:16:16. During the fertilization process, the layered fertilization method is adopted. The organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are mixed evenly and applied to the soil surface layer, and then the fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed through deep loosening and plowing. In addition, a biological bactericide is introduced, with 2 kg of biological bactericide applied per mu to promote the activity of soil microorganisms. After deep plowing the land, soil testing is carried out, and the soil pH value is adjusted according to the test results to ensure that the soil acidity and alkalinity are suitable for the growth of Dipsacus asperoides. The application of layered fertilization and biological bactericide increases the soil organic matter content, improves the soil microbial environment, promotes the decomposition and absorption of nutrients, and provides good soil conditions for the growth of Dipsacus asperoides. On the basis of applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, medium and trace element fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc can be added to meet the needs of Dipsacus asperoides growth for various nutrient elements. The application amount of medium and trace element fertilizers is adjusted according to the soil test results and the growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides. In addition, the soil testing and formulated fertilization technology can be adopted to regularly test the soil, and a personalized fertilization plan is formulated according to the nutrient content in the soil and the nutrient requirements of Dipsacus asperoides to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce waste and environmental pollution. At the same time, when choosing a biological bactericide, suitable strains such as rhizobia and Bacillus subtilis can be selected according to the soil type and the variety of Dipsacus asperoides to enhance the effect of the biological bactericide.

[0094] The yield-increasing planting method also introduces an intelligent irrigation system. The intelligent irrigation system is designed based on soil moisture sensors and the Dipsacus asperoides growth model, and can monitor soil moisture in real time and automatically adjust the irrigation volume according to the growth requirements of Dipsacus asperoides. The calculation of the irrigation volume V follows the following formula:

[0095] V = α·(W terget -W ceurrent )·A

[0096] In the formula, α is the irrigation coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of Dipsacus asperoides and weather conditions; W terget is the target soil moisture, W ceurrent is the current soil moisture, A is the planting area. The intelligent irrigation system is integrated with the photoperiod regulation system, and realizes data sharing and collaborative control through a wireless communication module. During the irrigation process, water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation are adopted to ensure that water evenly penetrates into the root area of Dipsacus asperoides. The intelligent irrigation system, based on soil moisture sensors and the Dipsacus asperoides growth model, realizes automatic adjustment of the irrigation volume, can supply water in real time according to the growth requirements of Dipsacus asperoides and soil moisture, avoids the problems of over-irrigation or under-irrigation, improves the utilization efficiency of water resources, and promotes the growth and development of Dipsacus asperoides. In the intelligent irrigation system, a water quality detection module is added to detect the water quality of irrigation water in real time, such as pH value, conductivity, heavy metal content, etc. When the water quality does not meet the irrigation requirements, water treatment equipment such as filtration devices and softening devices is automatically started to treat the irrigation water to ensure the quality of irrigation water. In addition, pulse irrigation technology can be adopted to divide the irrigation time into several pulse cycles, and short-term irrigation is carried out within each cycle, and irrigation is carried out again after a certain interval of time to improve the penetration and absorption efficiency of water, reduce water evaporation and loss. At the same time, during the irrigation process, meteorological data such as rainfall and evaporation can be combined to dynamically adjust the irrigation coefficient and target soil moisture to make irrigation more accurate and scientific.

[0097]

[0098] Comparison table of the present invention and the prior art

[0099] It can be seen from the above table that the present invention better meets the light requirements of Dipsacus asperoides medicinal materials at different growth stages by increasing the light intensity in the seedling stage and flowering stage, and extending the dynamic adjustment cycle of the light intensity in the growth period. At the same time, by finely adjusting the irrigation volume, it ensures that Dipsacus asperoides medicinal materials obtain sufficient water supply during the growth process, further promoting its growth and yield increase. In addition, this embodiment also adopts a more efficient micro-mist humidification system to effectively maintain a suitable humidity environment and promote the healthy growth of plants.

[0100] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0101] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Selection and preparation of planting site: select a plot with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and fertile soil as the base of the planting shed, and deep plow the soil 30 days before planting; S20, selection and planting of Dipsacus asper seedlings, select Dipsacus asper seedlings with a plant height of 15-20 cm, complete root system, and no pests and diseases for planting, the planting time is mid-April in spring or late September in autumn, the planting density is between 50 and 60 cm in row spacing and between 30 and 40 cm in plant spacing, and water thoroughly after planting to establish roots; S30. Build a photoperiod control system, using LED plant growth lamps as supplementary light sources, with the light source spectrum configured as a combination of red and blue wavelengths, and a light intensity ratio of 3:1, wherein the light parameters are set according to the growth stage of Dipsacus asper; Seedling stage: light intensity is 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the light duration is 14 hours / day; Growth period: Light intensity is dynamically adjusted according to formula (1): Where I(t) is the light intensity on the tth day, I min =200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ,I max =300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , T is the total number of days in the growing period; Flowering period: light intensity adjusted to 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the lighting time is extended to 16 hours / day; Fruiting period: light intensity maintained at 250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the photoperiod is shortened to 12 hours / day; S40, environmental parameter monitoring and regulation, installing sensor components in the planting shed base to monitor the environment in the planting shed base in real time to perform corresponding regulation; S50, evaluation and adjustment of light regulation effect, measure the plant height (H), number of leaves (L), stem diameter (D) of Dipsacus asper every 15 days, calculate the growth index (Gi) to evaluate the light regulation effect: Gi=α H+β L+γ D 2 In the formula, α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, which are 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively; During the harvest period, the yield (Y) and active ingredient content (C) of Dipsacus asper were measured, and the comprehensive benefit index (BEI) was calculated: BEI=δ·Y+∈·C In the formula, δ and ∈ are benefit weights, which are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively; The lighting control scheme is dynamically optimized according to the BEI value. If the BEI is lower than the preset threshold of 1.2, the lighting parameters of the next growth cycle are adjusted.

2. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the planting shed base in S10 does not exceed 5°, the soil pH value is controlled between 6.5-7.5, the depth of deep plowing is not less than 40 cm, and after leveling the land, 3000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:

15.

3. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S30, during the dynamic adjustment of light intensity during the growth period, a segmented light intensity control strategy is adopted: When the growth days t≤20 days, the light intensity is adjusted according to the linear growth mode, and the formula is expressed as: Where, 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the initial light intensity (I min ), 300 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 is the target light intensity (I max ), 20 days is a linear growth cycle; When t>20 days, it switches to logarithmic growth mode: Where ln(4) is the logarithmic growth coefficient, ensuring that the target light intensity is reached at the end of the growth period (t = 60 days).

4. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S40, the sensor components include but are not limited to temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors, and CO2 concentration sensors. When the temperature and humidity sensor detects that the temperature exceeds 28°C, the ventilation system is started; when the temperature and humidity sensor detects that the relative humidity is lower than 40%, the micro-fog humidification system is turned on, and the atomization particle diameter of the micro-fog humidification system is controlled at 5-10μm, and the humidification efficiency is not less than 95%; when the CO2 concentration is lower than 400ppm, the CO2 gas is supplemented through the gas supply system in the planting shed base, and the gas supply rate is 5L / min·m 3 The gas supply time is controlled within 2 hours after the start of light every day.

5. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the flower bud number (F) correction term is introduced into the growth index (GI) calculation, a nonlinear weighted model is used: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">CI = 0.5H+0.3L+0.2D<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +0.1F<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 1.2 Where H is the plant height, L is the number of fully expanded leaves, D is the diameter of the stem base, and F is the number of flower buds per plant. The number of flower buds is corrected by 1.2 to highlight the contribution of reproductive growth during the flowering period to the overall growth state. The data acquisition system is equipped with a laser rangefinder to measure plant height, an industrial camera to identify the number of leaves, and a linear variable differential transformer sensor to measure stem thickness. All sensors are connected to the edge computing unit through an RS485 bus. The data fusion algorithm uses Kalman filtering, the measurement period is set to 7 days, and abnormal data is automatically removed using the box plot method.

6. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the calculation of the comprehensive benefit index, when the active ingredient content (C) is lower than the threshold specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, a dynamic penalty coefficient is introduced: In the formula, C std The pharmacopoeia standard value is set at 2.5%, the penalty coefficient P ranges from 0.05 to 0.1, and the revised benefit index formula is: BEI=0.6Y+0.4(CP) Wherein, Y is the yield per mu (kg), and C is the measured effective ingredient content (%).

7. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S30, the LED plant growth lamp adopts a matrix layout, wherein the LED plant growth lamp adopts an intelligent control system, and the lamp distance is dynamically adjusted according to the width of the planting shed and the growth height of the teasel to ensure that the light evenly covers the entire planting area. The intelligent control system is based on an embedded microprocessor design, integrating a light intensity sensor, a time controller and a wireless communication module to achieve real-time monitoring and remote control of light parameters, wherein the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity I and the light time T follows the following formula: In the formula, I0 and T0 are the basic light intensity and basic light time respectively, k1 and k2 are adjustment coefficients, ΔT and ΔI are the changes in temperature and light intensity respectively, P and Q are the adjustment cycles of light intensity and light time respectively. By real-time monitoring of ambient temperature and the growth status of Dipsacus asper, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the lighting parameters to optimize the growth environment of Dipsacus asper.

8. The method for increasing yield of Radix Dipsaci by photoperiod regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: After deep plowing of the land, soil testing is required, and a certain amount of lime or sulfur powder is added according to the test results to adjust the soil pH to between 6.5 and 7.

5. At the same time, 4000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 100 kg / mu of compound fertilizer are applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 16:16:

16. During the fertilization process, a layered fertilization method is adopted, and the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are evenly mixed and applied to the soil surface, and then the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed through deep loosening and plowing. In addition, biological agents are introduced, and 2 kg of biological agents are applied per mu to promote soil microbial activity.

9. The method for increasing yield of Dipsacus asper by photoperiod regulation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The yield-increasing planting method also introduces an intelligent irrigation system. The intelligent irrigation system is designed based on soil moisture sensors and the growth model of Dipsacus asper. It can monitor soil moisture in real time and automatically adjust the irrigation amount according to the growth needs of Dipsacus asper. The calculation of the irrigation amount V follows the following formula: V=α·(W terget -W ceurrent )·A Where α is the irrigation coefficient, which is adjusted dynamically according to the growth stage of the tea tree and weather conditions; W terget is the target soil moisture, W ceurrent is the current soil moisture, A is the planting area, the intelligent irrigation system is integrated with the photoperiod control system, and data sharing and collaborative control are achieved through the wireless communication module. During the irrigation process, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation is used to ensure that water penetrates evenly into the root area of ​​​​the knotweed.

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