Maximum sensitivity degradation related capability

Abstract

The disclosure of the present specification provides a UE. The UE comprises: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operatively connectable to the one or more processors, where an operation performed by the one or more processors based on the instructions may comprise the steps of: transmitting a random access preamble to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a response in response to the random access preamble; transmitting information related to the lower MSD to a base station; a downlink signal is received, and an uplink signal is transmitted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to radio communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for realizing high-speed packet communications. Many solutions have been proposed for LTE targets, including those aimed at reducing user and vendor costs, improving service quality, and expanding and enhancing coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption of terminals as upper layer requirements.

[0003] In the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP, the development of requirements and specifications for a New Radio (NR) system has been initiated. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components that will successfully standardize a new RAT that will meet both the urgent market needs in a timely manner and the longer-term requirements set forth in the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. In addition, NR should be able to use any spectral band in the range of at least up to 100 GHz that may be available for wireless communications even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is to solve a single technical framework for all usage scenarios, requirements, and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward-compatible.

[0005] In order to relax the reference sensitivity, a maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) value can be defined. As the performance of the user equipment (UE) improves, there is a problem that the previously defined MSD value is too large. Due to the overly large MSD value, there is a problem of inefficient communication execution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect, a UE is provided. The UE includes one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, where the one or more memories store instructions and may be connected to operate with the one or more processors. Operations performed based on the execution of the instructions by the one or more processors may include: sending a random access preamble to a base station; receiving a response to the random access preamble from the base station; sending information related to a lower MSD to the base station; receiving a downlink signal; and sending an uplink signal.

[0008] In another aspect, a method performed by a device is provided.

[0009] In one aspect, a method for communication performed by a base station is provided. The method may include the steps of: receiving a random access preamble from a UE; sending a response to the random access preamble to the UE; receiving information related to a lower MSD from the UE; and scheduling the UE based on the information related to the lower MSD; sending a downlink signal to the UE; and receiving an uplink signal from the UE.

[0010] In another aspect, an apparatus for implementing the above method is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 An example of a radio frame structure of NR to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of a time slot structure of an NR frame to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0016] Figure 6a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of in-band contiguous CA is shown. Figure 6b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of in-band non-contiguous CA is shown.

[0017] Figure 7a A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a combination of a lower frequency band and a higher frequency band for inter-band CA is shown. Figure 7b A conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a combination of similar frequency bands for inter-band CA is shown.

[0018] Figures 8a to 8c A diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture for next-generation mobile communication services is shown.

[0019] Figures 9a to 9e An example of a RACH process applicable to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 10 An example of a situation where an uplink signal transmitted via an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal via a downlink operating band is shown.

[0021] Figure 11 An example of a process according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 12 Shows an example of UE operation at the start according to the present disclosure. Detailed implementation

[0023] The following technologies, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multi-access systems. Examples of multi-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in the DL and SC-FDMA in the UL. The evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0024] For ease of description, the implementation of the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0025] For terms and technologies not specifically described among the terms and technologies adopted in the present disclosure, reference can be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0026] In the present disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure can represent "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0027] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) may mean “and / or”. For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B”. Thus, “A / B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may represent “A, B, or C”.

[0028] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. Additionally, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted to be the same as “at least one of A and B”.

[0029] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. Additionally, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and / or C” may represent “at least one of A, B, and C”.

[0030] In addition, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”. Specifically, when it is shown as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be presented as an example of “control information”. In other words, “control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDCCH” may be presented as an example of “control information”. Additionally, even when it is shown as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be presented as an example of “control information”.

[0031] Technical features separately described in one drawing of the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0032] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields that require wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0033] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks.

[0034] Although a user equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example in the drawings, the illustrated UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile device (ME), etc. Additionally, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or may be a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

[0035] In the following text, the UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless apparatus or wireless device) capable of performing wireless communication. Operations performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. A wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless apparatus, a wireless device, etc. In the following text, the AMF may refer to an AMF node, the SMF may refer to an SMF node, and the UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0036] The base station used hereinafter generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with a wireless device, and may also be referred to as an evolved Node B (eNodeB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a basic transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and a next-generation Node B (gNB).

[0037] Figure 1 An example of a communication system implementing the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown in are merely exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure may be applied to Figure 1 other 5G usage scenarios not shown in.

[0039] The three main requirement categories of 5G include (1) the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) the massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) the ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) category.

[0040] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, and other use cases may focus only on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G uses a flexible and reliable method to support these various use cases.

[0041] eMBB far exceeds basic mobile Internet access and encompasses a large number of two-way operations in cloud and augmented reality, as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core driving forces of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that the data connection provided by the communication system will be used as an application to simply handle voice. The main reasons for the increase in traffic volume are due to the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications that require high data transfer rates. As more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), session video, and mobile Internet access will be used more widely. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are increasing rapidly in the mobile communication platform and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the growth of the uplink data transfer rate. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using a haptic interface, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud gaming and video streaming) is another core element that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere in high-mobility environments including trains, vehicles, and airplanes. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0042] In addition, one of the most promising 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all fields (i.e., mMTC). It is expected that the number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices will reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories that play a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0043] URLLC includes new services (e.g., autonomous vehicles) that will transform industries through remote control and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links over the main infrastructure. For controlling smart grids, industrial automation, implementing robots, and controlling and regulating drones, the levels of reliability and latency are crucial.

[0044] 5G is a means to provide streaming services evaluated from several hundred megabits per second to gigabits per second and can complement fiber to the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are required to deliver TV in 4K or higher (6K, 8K, and higher) resolution, as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sports games. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, game companies need to incorporate core servers into the edge network servers of network operators to minimize latency.

[0045] Along with many use cases for mobile communication in vehicles, it is expected that cars will become a new important driver in 5G. For example, the entertainment of passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive field is the AR dashboard. The AR dashboard enables the driver to identify objects in the dark in addition to the objects seen through the front window, and displays the distance to the objects and the movement of the objects by overlapping the information told to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (e.g., devices attached to pedestrians). Safety systems guide alternative behavior flows so that the driver can drive more safely, thus reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and the driver will only focus on abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot recognize. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles need ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to a level that humans cannot achieve.

[0046] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, called the intelligent society, will be embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. The distributed network of smart sensors will identify the conditions for cost and energy-saving maintenance of the city or home. A similar configuration can be implemented for each home. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and household appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transfer rates, power, and cost. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video to perform monitoring.

[0047] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, are distributed at a higher level, thus requiring automatic control of the distributed sensor network. The smart grid collects information and uses digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other to act based on the collected information. Since this information can include the behavior of power supply companies and consumers, the smart grid can improve the distribution of fuels such as electricity through methods with efficiency, reliability, economic feasibility, production sustainability, and automation. The smart grid can also be regarded as another sensor network with low latency.

[0048] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-healthcare) are one of the 5G usage scenarios. The health segment includes many applications that can enjoy the benefits of mobile communication. The communication system can support teletherapy that provides clinical treatment in remote locations. Teletherapy can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to healthcare services that are not continuously available in remote rural areas. Teletherapy is also used to perform critical treatments and save lives in emergencies. A wireless sensor network based on mobile communication can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0049] In the field of industrial applications, wireless and mobile communication are becoming increasingly important. The installation and maintenance costs of cabling are high. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial areas. However, to achieve this replacement, a wireless connection needs to be established with a latency, reliability, and capacity similar to that of cables, and the management of the wireless connection needs to be simplified. When connecting to 5G, low latency and a very low error probability are new requirements.

[0050] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communication, which allow the use of location-based information systems to track inventory and packages anywhere. The use cases of logistics and freight usually require low data rates, but need location information with a wide range and reliability.

[0051] Refer to Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Although Figure 1 a 5G network is shown as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to 5G systems and can be applied to future communication systems other than 5G systems.

[0052] The BS 200 and the network 300 can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0053] Wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or LTE), and can be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices may include (but are not limited to) robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, household appliances 100e, IoT devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a household appliance device, a digital sign, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device may include a smartphone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The household appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include sensors and smart meters.

[0054] In the present disclosure, wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a superbook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the fourth industrial revolution field.

[0055] The UAV may be, for example, an aircraft that is aerially controlled by a wireless control signal without a person on board.

[0056] The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing an object or background of a virtual world. The AR device may include, for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or background of a virtual world to an object or background of the real world. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented by merging an object or background of a virtual world into an object or background of the real world. The holographic device may include, for example, a device for implementing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers, called holography, meet to record and reproduce stereoscopic information.

[0057] A public safety device may include, for example, an image relay device or an image device that can be worn on a user's body.

[0058] MTC devices and IoT devices may be, for example, devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0059] For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing diseases. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting injuries or disorders. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying structures or functions. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, medical devices may include devices for treatment, devices for surgery, devices for (in vitro) diagnosis, hearing aids, or devices for surgical operations.

[0060] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible dangers and maintain safety. For example, a safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0061] For example, a FinTech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, FinTech devices may include payment devices or point-of-sale (POS) systems.

[0062] Weather / environment devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environment.

[0063] Wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to network 300 via BS200. AI technology may be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 may be configured using 3G networks, 4G (e.g., LTE) networks, 5G (e.g., NR) networks, and super 5G networks. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via BS200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through BS200 / network 300. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0064] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. In this document, the wireless communications / connections can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f can send / receive radio signals to / from each other via the wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, the wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can send / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for sending / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0065] AI refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines various problems solved in the fields of AI and methods to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through stable experience of the task.

[0066] A robot refers to a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot with the ability to recognize the environment and make self-determinations to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Depending on the use or field of use, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. Robots can perform various physical operations such as moving robot joints using actuators or motors. Mobile robots also include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. on the drive unit, allowing them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0067] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving by itself, and an autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle that drives without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving can include lane-keeping movement, automatic speed adjustment (e.g., adaptive cruise control), driving along a set route automatically, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine, hybrid vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and electric vehicles equipped with an electric motor, and can include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving functions.

[0068] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds only through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they both show real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a complementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same characteristics.

[0069] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0070] NR bands can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values of the frequency ranges can be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can represent the "below 6 GHz range", FR2 can represent the "above 6 GHz range", and can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 can include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples of Table 1 and Table 2.

[0071] [Table 1]

[0072]

[0073] As described above, the numerical values of the frequency ranges of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 can include frequency bands from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 can include bands of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the bands of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 can include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes (e.g., for vehicle communication (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0074] [Table 2]

[0075]

[0076] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication, as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be referred to by various names.

[0077] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0078] Referring to Figure 2 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may send radio signals to / from an external device through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0079] In Figure 2 , {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 at least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f}, and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0080] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 106), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 101), and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0081] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 102) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 104). Figure 2 Exemplarily, it is shown that the memory 104 is included in the processing chip 101. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside the processing chip 101.

[0082] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process the information within the memory 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal through the transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memory 104.

[0083] The memory 104 may be operatively connected to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store software code 105 for implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0084] Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0085] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 206), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 201), and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0086] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 202) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 204). Figure 2Exemplarily, it is shown that the memory 204 is included in the processing chip 201. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside the processing chip 201.

[0087] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0088] The memory 204 may be operatively connected to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store software code 205 for implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0089] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with the RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0090] In the following, the hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a Physical (PHY) layer, a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and a Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information.

[0091] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processor devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 for driving by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0092] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, register, flash memory, computer readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0093] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may execute controls such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may execute controls such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0094] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0095] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal into an OFDM baseband signal through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202.

[0096] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). Within an implementation of the present disclosure, the BS may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. Hereinafter, for ease of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to the first wireless device 100, installed on the first wireless device 100, or initiated in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or control the transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. A processor 202 connected to the second wireless device 200, installed on the second wireless device 200, or initiated in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or control the transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0097] In the present disclosure, the BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), or a gNB.

[0098] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0099] The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services (refer to Figure 1 ).

[0100] Refer to Figure 3, the wireless devices 100 and 200 can correspond to Figure 2 the wireless devices 100 and 200 of Figure 2 , and can be configured by various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 can include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit 110 can include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 can include Figure 2 one or more processors 102 and 202 of Figure 2 and / or Figure 2 one or more memories 104 and 204 of Figure 2 . For example, the transceiver 114 can include Figure 2 one or more transceivers 106 and 206 of Figure 2 and / or Figure 2 one or more antennas 108 and 208 of Figure 2 . The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operations of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on programs / codes / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 can send the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0101] The additional components 140 can be configured in various ways according to the types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 can include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be (but are not limited to) robots ( Figure 1 100a of Figure 1 ), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2 of Figure 1 ), XR devices ( Figure 1 100c of Figure 1 ), handheld devices ( Figure 1 100d of Figure 1 ), household appliances ( Figure 1 100e of Figure 1 ), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f of Figure 1 ), digital broadcast terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, FinTech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environment devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 1 400 of Figure 1 ), BS ( Figure 1be implemented in the form of wireless devices 100 and 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0102] In Figure 3 , various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0103] <Operating Bands of NR>

[0104] The operating bands in NR are as follows.

[0105] The operating bands in Table 3 below are the operating bands converted (refarmed) from the operating bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be referred to as the FR1 band.

[0106] [Table 3]

[0107]

[0108] The following table shows the NR operating bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0109] [Table 4]

[0110]

[0111] <Overview of 6G System>

[0112] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve such features as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption for battery - less IoT devices, (vi) ultra - reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine - learning capabilities. The concept of the 6G system can include four aspects, such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "universal connectivity", and the 6G system can meet the requirements as shown in Table 5 below. That is, Table 5 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0113] [Table 5]

[0114] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Tactile communication Fully

[0115] The 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), AI - integrated communication, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0116] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of the communication structure that can be provided in the 6G system.

[0117] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become an even more important technology by providing an end - to - end latency of less than 1 ms. At this time, different from the area spectral efficiency that is frequently used, the 6G system can have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency. The 6G system can provide advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting and very long battery life, so in the 6G system, mobile devices may not need to be charged separately. Additionally, in 6G, new network characteristics can be as follows.

[0118] - Satellite - integrated network: To provide global mobile coverage, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0119] - Connected intelligence: Different from previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and the wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connecting intelligence". AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal - processing process described below).

[0120] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver electricity to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0121] - Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to the networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous super 3D connectivity in 6G.

[0122] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows

[0123] - Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency in cellular systems to enhance received signal quality. Therefore, small cell networks are a fundamental feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Thus, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0124] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. A multi-layer network composed of heterogeneous networks will improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0125] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-capacity services. High-speed optical fibers and free space optical (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0126] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0127] - Softwareization and virtualization: Softwareization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. In addition, billions of devices can share the physical infrastructure.

[0128] <Core implementation technologies of 6G systems>

[0129] Artificial intelligence

[0130] The most important and newly introduced technology in the 6G system will be AI. The 4G system does not involve AI. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. In 6G, the advancement of machine learning will create a more intelligent network for real-time communication. In the case where AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use many analyses to determine ways to perform complex target operations. That is to say, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0131] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be immediately executed by using AI. AI can even play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Additionally, AI can be fast communication in a brain-computer interface (BCI). The AI-based communication system can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0132] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems at the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has focused on the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research has gradually developed to the MAC layer and physical layer, and specifically, it has begun to attempt to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to applying signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers instead of the traditional communication framework in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it can include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0133] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can also be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. Additionally, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0134] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training a machine to create a machine that can perform tasks that cannot be performed by humans or are difficult for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and learning models. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0135] Neural network learning aims to minimize the output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the target for the training data, and backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer to the input layer to reduce the error and update the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0136] Supervised learning can use training data labeled with the correct answers, and unsupervised learning can use training data not labeled with the correct answers. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be labeled with categories. The labeled training data can be input into the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is backpropagated backward in the neural network (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the backpropagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the neural network for the input data and the backpropagation of the error can configure the learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stage of neural network learning, a high learning rate can be used to improve efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later stage of learning, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0137] The learning method can vary according to the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict the data sent from the transmitter in the receiver of a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning to perform the learning.

[0138] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning that uses a neural network structure with high complexity (such as an artificial neural network) as the learning model is called deep learning.

[0139] The neural network core used as the learning method can generally include the deep neural network (DNN) method, the convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, the recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and the spiking neural network (SNN). Such learning models are applicable.

[0140] THz (Terahertz) communication

[0141] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using (sub-THz) communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also known as submillimeter radiation) generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, where the corresponding wavelength ranges from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The frequency band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. In the case of adding the sub-THz band to the millimeter wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. The 300 GHz to 3 THz in the defined THz band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The frequency band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the frequency band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarities with RF.

[0142] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0143] The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide available bandwidth that supports very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0144] Massive MIMO

[0145] One of the core technologies for improving spectral efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology improves, the spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing techniques and beam generation and management techniques suitable for the THz band should be emphasized to send data signals through one or more paths.

[0146] Holographic beamforming

[0147] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send radio signals in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming techniques have multiple advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective method for efficiently and flexibly sending and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0148] Optical wireless technology

[0149] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to carry signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390 nm to 750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used for various applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks, and vehicular networks.

[0150] VLC has several advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is idle / license-free and can provide a wide bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; thus, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of a VLC-based network (i.e., visible light) cannot pass through walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect the privacy and sensitive information of users. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0151] Free space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), outer space, and vacuum to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate in the near-infrared frequency range (750 nm - 1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), thus providing a potential solution to the backhaul bottleneck.

[0152] In addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access network connections, these OWC technologies are also planned to be used in 6G communication. These networks will connect the access network to the backhaul / fronthaul network. Since the 4G communication system, OWC technologies have been in use, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as Li-Fi, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and optical band-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0153] Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is also based on the optical band and can be used in 6G communication for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving of vehicles.

[0154] FSO backhaul network

[0155] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of an optical fiber network. Therefore, the data transmission of the FSO system is similar to that of an optical fiber system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connections in 6G systems together with optical fiber networks. When using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports a large number of backhaul connections for both remote and non-remote areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0156] Non-terrestrial network (NTN)

[0157] The 6G system will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically extended user communication. 3D BSs will be delivered via low-Earth orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR views non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a way to achieve this. An NTN is a network or network segment that uses RF resources on a satellite (or UAS platform). For NTNs that provide access to user equipment, there are two common scenarios: transparent payload and regenerative payload. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0158] - One or more sat gateways that connect the NTN to a public data network.

[0159] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that UEs in a cell are served by only one sat gateway.

[0160] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuously serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handover.

[0161] - The feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0162] - The service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0163] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) that can implement transparent payloads or regenerative (with on-board processing) payloads. Depending on the field of view, the beams generated by the satellite (or UAS platform) typically produce multiple beams for a given service area. The coverage area of the beam is usually elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the on-board antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0164] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0165] - Regenerative payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. This is actually the same as having all or part of a base station function (e.g., gNB) on the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0166] - For satellite deployment, optionally, an inter-satellite link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0167] - User equipment is served by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target coverage area.

[0168] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0169] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, the constellation can also provide global coverage, including the polar regions. The latter requires an appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beams generated, and links between satellites.

[0170] Quantum communication

[0171] Quantum communication is the next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing, etc.) by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 based on the binary bit information used in existing communication technologies. In conventional communication technologies, information is transmitted between the transmitter and the receiver using wavelength or amplitude, but in quantum communication, photons, which are the smallest light units, are used to transmit information between the transmitter and the receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. In addition, quantum communication can also use quantum entanglement to achieve ultra-high-speed communication under certain conditions.

[0172] Cell-free communication

[0173] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, the movement of users from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in dense networks, leading to handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0174] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperate to serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of the fronthaul network and the CPU". A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (referred to as an AP cluster). There are various ways to form an AP cluster, and the method of configuring the AP cluster to be able to significantly contribute to improving the receiving performance of the terminal is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By adopting this device-centric AP clustering technology, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, so there is no inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0175] Integration of wireless information and energy transfer (WIET)

[0176] WIET uses the same field and wave as a wireless communication system. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of battery-charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0177] Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0178] An autonomous wireless network is a function that continuously detects the dynamically changing environmental state and exchanges information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0179] Integrated access and backhaul network

[0180] In 6G, the density of access networks will be huge. Each access network is connected via optical fiber and a backhaul connection (such as an FSO network). To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be a tight integration between the access network and the backhaul network.

[0181] Big data analysis

[0182] Big data analysis is a complex process used to analyze various big data sets or big data. This process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer dispositions to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0183] Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0184] There is a large amount of research that treats the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with transmitters and receivers. The radio environment created by this method is called a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or an Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental differences from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for the technology of reconfigurable intelligent antennas enabled with SRE (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology), including reconfigurable metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS).

[0185] In the case of THz band signals, due to the strong directivity of the signals, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles, and RIS technology is important for expanding the communication area by installing RIS near these shadow areas to enhance communication stability and enable additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be regarded as an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism from massive MIMO. RIS also has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, which means it only reflects signals passively without using active RF chains. Additionally, each of the passive reflectors in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which can be beneficial for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift with the help of an RIS controller, the reflected signals can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0186] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also RISs that can adjust transmission characteristics and refraction characteristics, and these RISs are mainly used for O2I (Outdoor-to-Indoor). Recently, there has also been active research on STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS) that provides transmission while reflecting.

[0187] Metaverse

[0188] The metaverse is a portmanteau of these words meaning virtual "meta", "transcendent", and "verse" meaning space. Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where the same social and economic activities as in the real world are common.

[0189] Extended Reality (XR) (a key technology for realizing the metaverse) is the integration of virtual and real, which can expand the reality experience and provide a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0190] Autonomous driving, self-driving

[0191] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change times. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) (a key element in building the autonomous driving infrastructure) is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information (such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)) for autonomous driving.

[0192] To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speed and low latency technology are necessary. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warning or guiding messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be large. Therefore, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with a faster transmission speed and lower latency than 5G.

[0193] Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

[0194] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be an important factor in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed wireless data connections. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have specific characteristics not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground telecommunications infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes cannot provide services in a volatile environment. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology contributes to the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0195] Blockchain

[0196] Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database that is distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions, such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0197] <Carrier Aggregation>

[0198] Now, the carrier aggregation system is described.

[0199] The carrier aggregation system aggregates multiple component carriers (CCs). According to the above carrier aggregation, the meaning of the existing cell is changed. According to carrier aggregation, a cell can represent a combination of a downlink component carrier and an uplink component carrier or an independent downlink component carrier.

[0200] In addition, cells in carrier aggregation can be divided into a primary cell, a secondary cell, and a serving cell. The primary cell represents a cell that operates at the primary frequency. The primary cell represents the cell where the UE performs the initial connection establishment process or the connection reconstruction process or the cell that is indicated as the primary cell during the handover process. The secondary cell represents a cell that operates at the secondary frequency. Once the RRC connection is established, the secondary cell is used to provide additional radio resources.

[0201] As described above, a carrier aggregation system can support multiple component carriers (CCs), that is, multiple serving cells different from a single carrier system.

[0202] A carrier aggregation system can support cross-carrier scheduling. Cross-carrier scheduling is a scheduling method capable of performing resource allocation for a PDSCH transmitted using another component carrier and / or for a PUSCH transmitted using a component carrier different from a component carrier substantially associated with the specific component carrier by using a PDCCH transmitted using a specific component carrier.

[0203] Carrier aggregation can be divided into contiguous carrier aggregation where the aggregated carriers are contiguous and non-contiguous carrier aggregation where the aggregated carriers are separated from each other. Hereinafter, carrier aggregation should be simply understood to include both the case where component carriers (CCs) are contiguous and the case where component carriers are non-contiguous. The number of aggregated CCs between the downlink and the uplink can be set differently. The case where the number of downlink CCs is the same as the number of uplink CCs can be called symmetric aggregation, and the case where the number of downlink CCs is different can be called asymmetric aggregation.

[0204] On the other hand, carrier aggregation can also be divided into inter-band CA and intra-band CA. Inter-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC existing in different operating bands, and intra-band CA is a method of aggregating and using each CC in the same operating band. In addition, CA technology is more specifically intra-band contiguous CA, intra-band non-contiguous CA, and inter-band non-contiguous CA.

[0205] Figure 6a Conceptual diagram exemplifying an example of intra-band contiguous CA. Figure 6b Conceptual diagram exemplifying an example of intra-band non-contiguous CA.

[0206] To achieve high-speed wireless transmission, LTE-Advanced added various schemes including uplink MIMO and carrier aggregation. CA can be divided into Figure 6a intra-band contiguous CA as shown in Figure 6b and intra-band non-contiguous CA as shown in

[0207] Figure 7a Conceptual diagram exemplifying an example of a combination of a lower band and a higher band for inter-band CA. Figure 7b Conceptual diagram exemplifying an example of a combination of similar bands for inter-band CA.

[0208] Inter-band carrier aggregation can be divided into inter-band CA between a lower band and a higher band having different RF characteristics of inter-band CA as shown in Figure 7a and as shown in Figure 7bInter-band CA of similar frequencies that can use a common RF terminal per component carrier due to similar RF (radio frequency) characteristics.

[0209] A carrier aggregation configuration is a combination of operating bands, and each operating band supports a carrier aggregation bandwidth class. The following table is an example of CA bandwidth classes in NR.

[0210] [Table 6]

[0211]

[0212] In Table 6, BW Channel_CA is the maximum channel bandwidth supported among all bands. It is mandatory for the UE to be able to fallback to a lower-order NR CA bandwidth class configuration within the fallback group. It is not mandatory for the UE to be able to fallback to a lower-order NR CA bandwidth class configuration belonging to a different fallback group.

[0213] <Dual Connectivity (DC)>

[0214] Recently, schemes for connecting a UE to different base stations (e.g., macro cell base station and small cell base station) simultaneously have been studied. This is called dual connectivity (DC).

[0215] For example, when DC is configured in E-UTRA, the following exemplary description can be applied.

[0216] In DC, the eNodeB for the primary cell (PCell) can be called the primary eNodeB (hereinafter referred to as MeNB). Additionally, the eNodeB only for the secondary cell (Scell) can be called the secondary eNodeB (hereinafter referred to as SeNB).

[0217] The cell group including the primary cell (PCell) implemented by the MeNB can be called the primary cell group (MCG) or PUCCH cell group 1. The cell group including the secondary cell (Scell) implemented by the SeNB can be called the secondary cell group (SCG) or PUCCH cell group 2.

[0218] Furthermore, among the secondary cells in the secondary cell group (SCG), the secondary cell where the UE can send uplink control information (UCI) or the secondary cell where the UE can send PUCCH can be called the super secondary cell (Super SCell) or the primary secondary cell (primary Scell, PScell).

[0219] Figures 8a to 8c is a diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture for next-generation mobile communication services.

[0220] Referring to Figure 8a , the UE is connected to an LTE / LTE-A cell and an NR cell in dual connectivity (DC).

[0221] The NR cell is connected to the core network for traditional fourth-generation mobile communications (i.e., the evolved packet core (EPC)). In Figure 8a the example shown, the UE is configured with EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR DC). The UE configured with EN-DC is connected to an E-UTRA (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell and an NR cell. Here, the PCell in EN-DC can be an E-UTRA (i.e., LTE / LTE-A) cell, and the PSCell in EN-DC can be an NR cell.

[0222] Referring to Figure 8b , different from the example in Figure 8a , the LTE / LTE-A cell is connected to the core network for fifth-generation mobile communications (i.e., the next-generation (NG) core network).

[0223] Based on Figure 8a and Figure 8b the architectures shown, the services are called non-standalone (NSA) services.

[0224] Referring to Figure 8c , the UE is only connected to the NR cell. The services based on this architecture are called standalone (SA) services.

[0225] <Random Access Channel (RACH) Procedure>

[0226] Figures 9a to 9e is an example of the RACH procedure applicable to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0227] Referring to Figures 9a to 9e , the RACH procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described. Figures 9a to 9e The embodiments of

[0228] can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0229] ​To connect the UE to the 5G network, the UE and the 5G network must be synchronized on the uplink and downlink. Downlink synchronization is performed when the UE successfully decodes the SSB sent by the gNB. To establish uplink synchronization and the RRC connection, the UE must perform the RACH random access procedure.

[0230] Two types of random access procedures are supported. The two types of random access procedures include the four-step random access (RA) type using MSG1 and the two-step RA type using MSGA.

[0231] Each of the two types of RA procedures can support contention-based random access (CBRA) and contention-free or non-competitive random access (CFRA), as shown below Figures 9a to 9e Depending on the network settings, the UE can select the random access type when starting the random access procedure.

[0232] Refer to Figure 9a and Figure 9c for the description of the four-step RA type using MSG1.

[0233] MSG1 of the four-step RA type includes the preamble of the PRACH. The UE sends MSG1. After the UE sends MSG1, the UE monitors the network response within the configured window.

[0234] In the case of CBRA according to the example in Figure 9a , when the UE receives a random access response (MSG2) from the gNB, the UE can use the UL grant scheduled by the response message to send MSG3. Also, the UE can monitor contention resolution. If contention resolution is not successful even after MSG3 retransmission, the UE performs MSG1 transmission again.

[0235] In the case of CFRA according to the example in Figure 9c , the network allocates a dedicated preamble for MSG1 transmission. The gNB sends an RA preamble allocation to the UE. The UE sends MSG1 containing the random access preamble to the gNB. After receiving the random access response from the network, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0236] Refer to Figure 9b , Figure 9d and Figure 9e to explain the two-step RA type. The two-step RA type MSGA includes the random access preamble on the PRACH and the PUSCH payload. After the UE sends MSGA, the UE monitors the response from the network within the configured window.

[0237] In the case of Figure 9bIn the case of CBRA of the example in, after the UE has received a network response (e.g., MSGB), if contention resolution is successful, the UE terminates the random access procedure. If a fallback indication is received within MSGB, as Figure 9e shown, the UE uses the UL grant scheduled in the fallback indication to perform MSG3 transmission and monitors contention resolution. If contention resolution is not successful after (re)transmission of MSG3, the UE performs MSGA transmission again.

[0238] In the case of CFRA according to the example in Figure 9d , the UE may receive RA preamble allocation and PUSCH allocation from the gNB. Then, dedicated preambles and PUSCH resources may be configured for MSGA transmission. The UE sends MSGA. When the UE receives a network response, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0239] If the two-step RA type random access procedure is not completed even after multiple MSGA transmissions, the UE may be configured to switch to the four-step RA type CBRA.

[0240] <Reference Sensitivity>

[0241] The reference sensitivity is explained.

[0242] The reference sensitivity power level REFSENS may be the minimum average power per UE antenna port applied to all UE categories. At this minimum average power, the throughput may need to meet or exceed the requirements of the specified reference measurement channel.

[0243] The reference sensitivity level for DC is explained.

[0244] Unless an exception for sensitivity degradation is allowed for Clause 7.3 of TS 38.101-1 V17.3.0, Clause 7.3 of TS 38.101-2 V17.6.0, Clause 7.3 of TS 36.101, or Clause 7.3 of TS 36.101 V17.7.0, the REFSENS requirements for EN-DC, E-UTRA and NR single carrier, CA and MIMO operations apply to all downlink frequency bands in the EN-DC configurations listed in Clause 5.5B of TS 38.101-1. The allowed exceptions also apply to higher-order EN-DC configuration combinations including one of the frequency band combinations with allowed exceptions. The reference sensitivity exception is specified by applying the maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) to the application of the REFSENS requirements.

[0245] For NR uplink transmissions using the QPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the EN-DC REFSENS requirements must be met. Unless otherwise specified, the UL allocation uses the lowest SCS allowed for the given channel BW. The limits on the maximum output power configured for the uplink apply according to clause 6.2B.4.

[0246] For inter-band EN-DC, the receiver REFSENS requirements do not apply to 1.4 MHz and 3 MHz E-UTRA carriers. For inter-band EN-DC using a single carrier per cell group and multiple carriers per cell group, the REFSENS requirements defined in TS 38.101-1, TS 38.101-2 V17.6.0 and TS36.101 V17.7.0 can be applied even when the downlink carrier and two uplink carriers are active, unless a sensitivity exception is allowed in clause 7.3 of TS 38.101-1 V17.3.0 or clause 7.3 of TS 36.101.

[0247] For band-to-band EN-DC, the reference sensitivity requirements can be verified only for one band-to-band EN-DC configuration per NR band where both uplink carriers are active.

[0248] For in-band contiguous EN-DC, the following examples apply.

[0249] For in-band contiguous EN-DC configurations, the reference sensitivity power level REFSENS can be the minimum average power applied to each UE antenna port. The carrier throughput of E-UTRA and NR CGs should meet or exceed the requirements for the specified E-UTRA and NR reference measurement channels. The reference sensitivity requirements can be applied to all uplink and downlink carriers enabled in the EN-DC configuration and uplink EN-DC configuration supported by the UE. For EN-DC configurations where uplink is not available in the MCG or SCG or the UE supports only single uplink operation, the reference sensitivity requirements for single uplink transmission should be applied. The downlink carriers of the cell group with uplink should be configured closer to the uplink operating band than the downlink carriers of the cell group without uplink.

[0250] For in-band contiguous EN-DC configurations, sensitivity degradation is allowed. The reference sensitivity is defined only for specific uplink and downlink test points, and the E-UTRA and NR single carrier requirements do not apply.

[0251] The abnormalities of the reference sensitivity due to the UL harmonic interference of EN-DC for NR FR1 are as follows. For example, if some other bands in the same EN-DC configuration are affected by the UL harmonic interference, the sensitivity degradation is allowed for that band. The abnormality of the reference sensitivity of the victim band (high) can be specified by the uplink configuration of the attacker band (low).

[0252] The abnormality of the reference sensitivity caused by the receiver harmonic mixing of EN-DC on NR FR1 is described as follows. For example,

[0253] If the receiver harmonic mixing is affected by different band parts of the same EN-DC configuration, the degradation of the sensitivity regarding that band is allowed. The abnormality of the reference sensitivity for the victim band (low) is specified by the uplink configuration of the attacker band (high).

[0254] In NR FR1, the abnormality of the reference sensitivity due to the cross-band isolation of EN-DC is described as follows. For example, if some other bands of the same EN-DC configuration are affected by UL due to the cross-band isolation problem, the sensitivity degradation is allowed for these bands. The abnormality of the reference sensitivity for the victim band is specified by the uplink configuration of the designated attacker band.

[0255] The MSD for the intermodulation interference due to the dual uplink operation from NR FR1 to EN-DC can be described as follows. For example, the following can indicate that in the following cases, for the EN-DC configuration in NR FR1, due to the intermodulation interference overlapping with its own downlink channel bandwidth in frequency, the UE may not support the simultaneous dual uplink operation:

[0256] - If the intermodulation order is 2;

[0257] - When the intermodulation order is 3, the two operating bands are between 450 MHz and 960 MHz, or between 1427 MHz and 2690 MHz.

[0258] For the EN-DC configuration of NR FR1 where the intermodulation products from the dual uplink operation do not interfere with its own primary downlink channel bandwidth, the UE may be required to operate in the dual uplink mode and the triple uplink mode. For these test points, the reference sensitivity level can be relaxed by the amount of the parameter MSD.

[0259] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the MSD is described. The embodiments according to the MSD can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0260] In 5G NR, when a terminal performs CA / DC operations, an uplink attacker may affect the downlink (DL) band of another frequency band. In this case, the reference sensitivity (REFSENS) adjustment of the victim DL band is relaxed, which can be referred to as reference sensitivity anomaly or maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD). Note that the victim DL band can also be expressed as a protected band or a band to be protected.

[0261] For example, TS 38.101-1, V17.3.0, and TS 38.101-3 define rules for CA / DC MSD. Depending on the nature of the UL attacker, MSD is classified into four types.

[0262] The factors causing MSD (MSD type) are as follows, for example:

[0263] - Harmonics, harmonic mixing, intermodulation, cross-band isolation

[0264] The MSD for each band combination of CA / DC can be defined according to each of the above four classifications, and can also be defined differently depending on the power level of the UL attacker and the uplink / downlink configuration.

[0265] The MSD value for each band combination and MSD type can be calculated based on the transceiver structure and the characteristics of the individual devices that make up the transceiver.

[0266] If the MSD of the DL band is defined in a terminal performing CA / DC operations, the network can define the REFSENS of the DL band as shown in the following formula:

[0267] REFSENS (for CA / DC): REFSENS (for single band) + MSD

[0268] In 5G NR, dual connectivity (DC) combinations and carrier aggregation (CA) combinations that support simultaneous operation of various E-UTRA bands and / or various NR bands can be supported. It is necessary to define the MSD caused by self-interference of the uplink at the receiving end of the terminal based on each DC band combination and CA band combination of the operator. By defining such MSD, the relaxation of the receiving sensitivity of the terminal can be allowed. Alternatively, by defining such MSD, additional devices can be used to mitigate the distortion caused by intermodulation distortion (IMD) and / or harmonic components (for example, using a harmonic notch filter, defining a measurement method in an area where there is no sensitivity reduction caused by IMD).

[0269] Refer to Figure 10 for an example, and the example of self-interference will be explained first.

[0270] The following drawings are provided to illustrate specific examples of the present disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided as examples, and the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0271] Figure 10 An example is illustrated in which an uplink signal transmitted via an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal via a downlink operating band.

[0272] In Figure 10 , intermodulation distortion (IMD) may refer to the amplitude modulation of signals including two or more different frequencies due to non - linearity or time - variation in a system. The intermodulation between frequency components can form additional components not only at frequencies that are not at any harmonic frequency (integer multiples), such as harmonic distortion, but also at frequencies that are the sum and difference of the original frequencies and at frequencies that are the sum and difference of multiples of these frequencies.

[0273] Referring to Figure 10 , an example of configuring CA for a UE is shown. For example, the UE may perform communication based on CA according to one downlink operating band (DL band Z) and one uplink operating band (UL band Y). In Figure 10 's example, only an example of analyzing the impact of IMD using two uplink operating bands and one downlink operating band is shown, but this is only an example. The scope of the disclosure of this specification may also include cases of using one or more downlink operating bands and two or more uplink operating bands. Figure 10 The example in

[0274] As Figure 10 shows, in the case where one downlink operating band and two uplink operating bands are configured for CA, the UE may transmit uplink signals via the two uplink operating bands. In this case, the harmonic components and intermodulation distortion (IMD) components generated based on the frequency bands of the uplink signals may correspond to their own downlink bands. That is, in Figure 10 's example, when the terminal transmits an uplink signal, harmonic components and intermodulation distortion (IMD) components may be generated, which may affect the terminal's own downlink band.

[0275] When receiving a downlink signal, the UE should be set to meet the reference sensitivity power level (REFSENS), which is the minimum average power of each antenna port of the UE.

[0276] If harmonic and / or IMD components occur, as in Figure 10In the example of , the REFSENS for the downlink signal may not be satisfied due to the uplink signal transmitted by the UE itself. The reference sensitivity power level REFSENS may be the minimum average power applied to each UE antenna port for all UE categories. Based on REFSENS, the throughput should meet or exceed the requirements of the specified reference measurement channel.

[0277] For example, REFSENS can be set such that the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. When harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, there is a possibility that the downlink signal throughput can be reduced to 95% or less of the maximum throughput.

[0278] Therefore, if harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, it is possible to determine whether harmonic components and IMD components of the UE occur, and since the MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) value is defined for the frequency band, a relaxation of REFSENS can be allowed in the receive frequency band related to its transmitted signal. Here, MSD can mean the maximum allowable reduction of REFSENS. If MSD is defined for a specific operating band of a UE configured with NR-CA, EN-DC, NR E-UTRA DC (NE-DC), or NR-DC, REFSENS for that operating band can be relaxed by the amount of the defined MSD.

[0279] The Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) value defined in the FR1 frequency band is generally much larger than the MSD of the current terminal. For example, the performance of the terminal may be better than in the past, so a value as large as the MSD value defined in the FR1 frequency band may not be necessary. Due to too large an MSD value, the network may have to restrict CA / DC frequency band combination scheduling. Therefore, the network needs a way to utilize a low MSD (e.g., a lower MSD) for terminals with a low MSD value.

[0280] For example, when the UE reports a lower MSD to the network, if too much information is reported, there is a problem of signaling overhead.

[0281] The present disclosure provides various examples of effective methods for supporting a lower MSD. For example, when using a lower MSD, the present disclosure provides examples of actions for the UE to effectively report information related to the lower MSD supported by the UE to the network. This allows the UE to minimize signaling overhead. For example, without interacting with the network, the UE can send its lower MSD capability to the network. Another example is that the UE can minimize signaling overhead by interacting with the network.

[0282] The following examples illustrate how the UE reports its capabilities related to a lower MSD.

[0283] The following example explains how a UE that supports a lower MSD without interacting with the network reports the lower MSD feature to the network. Currently, TS 38.101-1 and TS 38.101-3 contain MSD information for band combinations that support carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC). For example, the MSD can be defined by a band combination, a power class (PC), an MSD interference type (harmonics, harmonic mixing, cross-band isolation, and intermodulation), and a victim band.

[0284] The UE can report the performance (or capability) related to the lower MSD to the network. In this case, as described above, if all the information related to the MSD is reported to the network, the signaling overhead of the UE may become too large. This may make it difficult to implement in the UE. Therefore, to solve this signaling overhead, an improved MSD value for signaling needs to be simply defined. The following example shows a simplified example of using the improved MSD value to solve the signaling overhead.

[0285] For example, for a UE that supports a lower MSD, the following example can be executed. Assume that UE1 and UE2 are located at the same distance from serving cell A. UE1 supports a lower MSD, and UE2 does not support a lower MSD. If only UE1 supports a lower MSD, then in CA / DC related operations, the MSD of UE1 is less than that of UE2. Therefore, UE1 can ensure a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than UE2. The network can determine that UE1 can ensure a better SNR based on the fact that UE1 supports a lower MSD. The network can assign a modulation order to UE1 that can expect a higher transmission rate. Therefore, the transmission rate can be increased in the communication between the network and UE1.

[0286] The UE can report the lower MSD capability to the network. In this case, if the following example is applied, the signaling overhead can be reduced. The following example can be combined and applied:

[0287] - The network can (per UE) specify the terminals that support a lower MSD. For example, multiple UEs can send the lower MSD capability to the network. The lower MSD capability can be defined differently for each UE. Therefore, depending on the situation, the lower MSD capability of the UE may not be useful in the communication between the network and the UE. By specifying some of the terminals that support a lower MSD, the network can support efficient communication.

[0288] - Terminals supporting a lower MSD can guarantee a certain lower MSD value. For example, for all types of MSD values for all band combinations supported by the terminal, a certain lower MSD value can be guaranteed. Here, a certain lower MSD value can be expressed as [X]. For example, a certain lower MSD value can be 20 dB. For example, guaranteeing that the MSD value is below a certain level can mean that the terminal does not have an MSD value higher than a certain level. For example, depending on the specific band combination, the existing MSD value can be defined as 30 dB or higher. In this case, the lower MSD of the UE can be 10 dB or lower. Then, for the band combination with an existing MSD value of 30 dB, the UE can apply a 10 dB value instead of the 30 dB MSD value.

[0289] - Terminals supporting a lower MSD can use 1 bit to indicate the fact that the terminal supports a lower MSD. For example, the terminal can use 0 = not supported and 1 = supported to indicate whether it supports a lower MSD. The terminal can also use X bits to indicate the lower MSD type. Here, the lower MSD type can mean the value of the lower MSD. For example, X = 2. In this case, based on two bits, the terminal can be represented as 00: 0 dB or less, 01 = 10 dB or less, 10 = 20 dB or less, and 11 = 30 dB or less. For example, the lower MSD type can represent the maximum MSD value of the terminal.

[0290] The content related to the lower MSD described in various examples of the present disclosure can be used for NR-CA, EN-DC, NR E-UTRA DC (NE-DC), and NR-DC for CA / DC.

[0291] By combining at least one of the above examples, the signaling for terminals supporting a lower MSD can be minimized to 1 bit (supported or not supported) + X bits.

[0292] For example, if X is 2, the following are examples of terminals not supporting a lower MSD and terminals supporting a lower MSD.

[0293] If X = 2, the following are examples when using lower MSD capability signaling:

[0294] i) Terminals not supporting a lower MSD:

[0295] Terminals not supporting a lower MSD can send the lower MSD capability to the network. For example, the lower MSD capability can include "

[000] - not supported". Alternatively, the terminal can not send the lower MSD capability to the network. If the terminal does not send the capability, the network can determine that the terminal does not support the lower MSD capability.

[0296] ii) Terminals supporting a lower MSD:

[0297] Terminals supporting lower MSD can send the following lower MSD capabilities to the network:

[0298] -

[100] : Support lower MSD, and all MSD values are less than 30 dB.

[0299] -

[101] : Support lower MSD, and all MSD values are less than 20 dB.

[0300] -

[110] : Support lower MSD, and all MSD values are less than 10 dB.

[0301] -

[111] : Support lower MSD, and all MSD values are less than 0 dB.

[0302] The lower MSD value can be an absolute value. A UE applying a lower MSD value means using the lower MSD value instead of the existing MSD value for a specific band combination.

[0303] The UE can also perform the MSD reporting procedure based on a network request.

[0304] Currently, the MSD information for band combinations supporting carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC) is defined in TS38.101-1 and TS 38.101-3 V17.7.0.

[0305] MSD is defined by the band combination, power class (PC), MSD interference type (e.g., harmonics, harmonic mixing, cross-band isolation, and intermodulation), and the victim band.

[0306] As explained in the above example, the information about the improved MSD sent by the UE can be minimized. If the UE does not minimize the information related to the improved MSD and sends all the information related to the improved MSD to the network, this may result in significant signaling overhead for the UE. For example, when the UE reports information related to the improved MSD (e.g., lower MSD or improved MSD value based on the lower MSD, etc.) to the network, the UE may need to report various information. For example, the network needs to know the band to which the lower MSD value is applied and the information about the MSD type. Therefore, when the UE reports the lower MSD to the network, it may be necessary to report various information such as the lower MSD value, MSD type, and band combination. Sending a large amount of information may result in significant signaling overhead. To improve this, a process is described for a UE supporting lower MSD to report the lower MSD characteristics (or capabilities) to the network based on a network request.

[0307] An example of the process for the UE to report the lower MSD based on a network request is as follows:

[0308] - To check whether there is a candidate in the band combination candidates for the network to perform CA / DC that can support a lower MSD, the network may send a request to the UE.

[0309] Alternatively, the terminal may be pre-equipped with the ability to support a lower MSD, and if there is at least one band combination that supports a lower MSD, this ability may be defined as 1-bit signaling (e.g., 0: not supported, 1: supported), regardless of the band combination. (The network may only request information about the improved lower MSD for the terminal.)

[0310] - The network (e.g., a base station) may send information to the UE about candidates for band combinations (e.g., candidates for band combinations to be used for CA or candidates for band combinations to be used for DC). The UE may support a lower MSD for the band combination candidates requested from the network. In this case, the UE may report improved MSD information for the corresponding band combination to the network. The information sent by the UE may be an improved MSD value, an increment, or a threshold. For example, the improved MSD value may mean the actual MSD value maintained by the UE (e.g., an improved MSD value relative to a conventionally defined MSD value). The increment value may be the difference in the MSD values, which indicates how much the actual MSD value of the UE has improved compared to the conventionally defined MSD value. The threshold may be a value indicating that the MSD value of the UE is lower than a certain value. For example, if the threshold is 20 dB, it may indicate that the UE has an MSD value of 20 dB or less. The lower MSD values described in various examples of the present disclosure may be expressed in the form of thresholds. For example, the information related to the lower MSD reported by the UE to the network may include various MSD values related to the band combination, power level, MSD interference type (harmonics, harmonic mixing, cross-band isolation, and intermodulation), and victim band. For example, the UE may not only send the lower MSD value to the network but also send information such as the MSD type and band combination associated with the lower MSD to the network. Then, the network may determine how to use the lower MSD value.

[0311] - For the band combination candidates requested by the network, the UE may not support the improved MSD value. In this case, the UE may report to the network that it does not support the lower MSD.

[0312] - The network may perform scheduling for CA / DC for the UE based on the information received from the UE. For example, if the network receives information that the UE does not support the lower MSD, the network may perform CA / DA scheduling for the UE in the same manner as in the prior art.

[0313] - This method may be used for NR-CA, EN-DC, NE-DC, and NR-DC for CA / DC.

[0314] If the UE signals lower MSD information without a request from the network, it may not be able to signal all the improved MSD information. On the other hand, if a network-coordinated lower MSD reporting procedure is used, the UE can minimize signaling overhead. The UE can also report as much information as possible for the network to use.

[0315] In addition, the following explanations can also be applied to various examples in the present disclosure. The UE can also report the MSD level for each MSD type for the highest power level supported by the UE. For example, the MSD type can include harmonics, harmonic mixing, etc. The MSD type can also vary according to the UL configuration. The MSD level can refer to a lower MSD value. For example, the MSD level can refer to a lower MSD value based on the MSD type, power level, etc.

[0316] If the network and / or regulator makes a request, the UE can also report information related to the lower MSD for power levels other than the highest power level supported by the UE to the network. The conformance test for the UE can be performed only for the highest power level supported by the UE. For example, for a UE that supports a lower MSD, a conformance test based on the lower MSD value can be performed. In other words, for a UE that supports a lower MSD, a conformance test based on the previously defined MSD value is not required, and only a conformance test based on the lower MSD value can be performed. For the lower power levels among the power levels supported by the UE, the reported lower MSD does not need to be tested.

[0317] The following drawings are provided to illustrate specific examples of the present disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided as examples, and the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0318] Figure 11 An example of a process according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0319] For example, Figures 1 to 10 the operations described in the example of Figure 11 can also be applied to the example of Figure 11 Even if the operations and content are not directly described in the example of

[0320] The UE can include: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, where the one or more memories can store instructions and are connected to operate with the one or more processors. Based on the one or more processors executing the instructions, the operations described below can be performed.

[0321] In step S1101, the base station may send a request message to the UE. For example, the base station may send a request message to the UE for requesting lower MSD information. Alternatively, the base station may send a request message to the UE for requesting whether there is a candidate that supports lower MSD among the candidates of the band combination for CA or DC.

[0322] Step S1101 may also be selectively executed. For example, step S1101 may be omitted. For example, in Figure 11 it is shown that the UE executes step S1102 after step S1101 is executed, but this is only an example. Even if step S1101 is not executed, the UE may execute step S1102.

[0323] In step S1102, the UE may send information related to the lower MSD to the base station. In step S1102, the UE may send information related to the lower MSD to the base station, as described in the various examples referred to previously.

[0324] For example, the UE may send information related to whether the UE supports the lower MSD. For example, the UE may also send information related to the lower MSD value supported by the UE. For example, the UE may report the MSD level for each MSD type for the highest power level supported by the UE. For example, the MSD type may include harmonics, harmonic mixing, etc. The MSD type may also vary according to the UL configuration. The MSD level may refer to the lower MSD value. For example, the MSD level may refer to the lower MSD value based on the MSD type, power level, etc.

[0325] In step S1103, the base station may perform scheduling based on the information related to the lower MSD received from the UE. For example, the base station may change the scheduling according to whether the UE supports the lower MSD.

[0326] For example, the following example may be applied from the perspective of network coverage. There may be a UE1 that does not support the lower MSD and a UE 2 with a lower MSD value of 10 dB. Assume that the conventional MSD used by UE 1 and UE 2 is 30 dB. The network applying this assumption may assume that the MSD of UE 1 is 30 dB and the MSD of UE 2 is 10 dB. In this case, the SNR margin of UE 2 may be considered 20 dB larger than the SNR margin of UE 1. Therefore, even at a distance with a higher path loss, UE 2 may support CA / DC operation.

[0327] In step S1104, the UE may receive a downlink signal.

[0328] For example, if the UE does not support a lower MSD, the transceiver of the UE may be in a state configured to meet the requirements related to the regular MSD. The UE may receive a downlink signal through such a transceiver.

[0329] For example, if the UE supports a lower MSD, the transceiver of the UE may be configured to meet the requirements related to the MSD to which the lower MSD is applied to the regular MSD. The UE may receive a downlink signal through such a transceiver. The UE with a lower MSD may use a value lower than the regularly defined MSD. In other words, such a UE may apply an enhanced reference sensitivity compared to the reference sensitivity defined in the past. In addition, the network may not know the unique lower MSD value of the UE. Therefore, the UE may perform a signaling operation to report the lower MSD information to the network.

[0330] For example, the UE may receive a configuration related to CA or DC from the base station. Based on one or more frequency bands used for transmitting uplink signals and one or more frequency bands used for receiving downlink signals, the reference sensitivity for downlink reception may be relaxed by an amount equal to the MSD based on the lower MSD.

[0331] The following drawings are provided to illustrate specific examples of the present disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided as examples, and the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0332] Figure 12 An example of UE operation according to the start of the present disclosure is shown.

[0333] For example, regarding Figure 12 the example of Figures 1 to 11 the operations described in the example of Figure 12 may also be applied. For example, even if the operations or content are not directly described in the example of

[0334] The UE may include: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, and the one or more memories may store instructions and be connected to operate together with the one or more processors. Based on the one or more processors executing the instructions, the operations described below may be performed.

[0335] In step S1201, the UE may send information related to the lower MSD to the base station. For reference, step (S1201) may also be in the same manner as Figure 11It is executed in the same manner as step S1102 in []. The information related to the lower MSD may further include the capability information on whether the UE supports the lower MSD. The information related to the lower MSD may further include an improved MSD value based on the lower MSD and the UE's support for the lower MSD. The information related to the lower MSD may include the information on the MSD level for the highest power level supported by the UE for the band combination set for the UE.

[0336] The UE may also receive from the base station a request message for requesting whether there is a candidate band that the UE supports for the lower MSD in the combination of the operating bands set for the UE. Step S1201 may be executed after the UE receives the request message.

[0337] In response to the request message, the UE may send to the base station the information on at least one candidate band that the UE supports for the lower MSD.

[0338] The base station may perform scheduling for the UE based on the information related to the lower MSD.

[0339] In step S1202, the UE may receive a downlink signal from the base station. For reference, step S1202 may also be executed in the same manner as Figure 11 step S1104 in []. The reference sensitivity for downlink reception may be based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD relaxation.

[0340] For reference, the UE may also perform the RACH procedure described in the example of Figures 9a to 9e []. The UE may perform the RACH procedure before performing the operation according to Figure 11 or Figure 12 []. Alternatively, the UE may perform the RACH procedure after performing the operation according to Figure 11 or Figure 12 [].

[0341] The present disclosure may have various effects.

[0342] For example, depending on the capabilities of the UE, efficient communication may be achieved by utilizing the lower MSD. For example, the signaling overhead may be reduced. For example, the network may efficiently schedule resources based on the performance of the UE.

[0343] According to various examples in the present disclosure, information related to a lower MSD owned by a UE can be efficiently reported to a network. When a UE attempts to report a lower MSD to the network, the information to be reported may be very large. According to various examples in the present disclosure, the UE can report information related to the lower MSD in a simplified manner. Alternatively, the network can request the UE to only filter out the necessary information. Then, the UE can report information related to the lower MSD only for the filtered requirements. According to various examples in the present disclosure, signaling overhead can be reduced.

[0344] The effects that can be obtained through specific examples in the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or derive various technical effects based on the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those clearly described herein, and may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0345] For reference, the operations of the terminals (e.g., UEs) described in the disclosure of this specification can be implemented by the Figures 1 to 3 devices described above. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) can be the Figure 1 first device 100 or the second device 200. For example, the operations of the terminals (e.g., UEs) described in the disclosure of this specification can be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operations of the terminals described in the disclosure of this specification can be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions and executable code) executable by one or more processors 102 or 202. One or more processors 102 or 202 can control one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 105 or 206 and execute the instructions / programs stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 to perform the operations of the terminals (e.g., UEs) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0346] In addition, the instructions for performing the operations of the terminals (e.g., UEs) described in the disclosure of this specification can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium can be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the terminals (e.g., UEs) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0347] For reference, the operations of the network nodes (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, AUSF, etc.) or base stations (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, etc.) described in the disclosure of this specification can be through the Figures 1 to 3implemented by a device. For example, a network node or a base station may be Figure 1 the first device 100a or the second device 100b. For example, the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions and executable code) executable by one or more processors 102 or 202. One or more processors 102 or 202 may control one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and execute the instructions / programs stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 to perform the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0348] In addition, the instructions for performing the operations of the NTN network described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the NTN network described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0349] Although the preferred embodiments have been described above, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and thus can be modified, changed or improved in various ways within the spirit of the disclosure of this specification and the scope of the claims.

[0350] Although the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowcharts in the above exemplary systems, they are not limited to the order of the described steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowcharts are not exclusive, and may include other steps or one or more steps of the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the claims.

[0351] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in the disclosure of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprises: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and at least one computer memory, the at least one computer memory being operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, perform operations including: sending a random access preamble to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a response to the random access preamble; sending, to the base station, information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD); receiving a downlink signal, wherein, based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD relaxes a reference sensitivity for receiving the downlink signal; and sending an uplink signal.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the operations further include: receiving, from the base station, a request message that requests whether there is a band candidate among candidates of an operating band combination configured for the UE that the UE supports the lower MSD.

3. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the operations further include: in response to the request message, sending, to the base station, information related to at least one candidate band that the UE supports the lower MSD.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the information related to the lower MSD includes capability information related to whether the UE supports the lower MSD.

5. The UE according to claim 1, based on the UE supporting the lower MSD, the information related to the lower MSD includes an improved MSD value based on the lower MSD.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the information related to the lower MSD is used by the base station for scheduling for the UE.

7. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the lower MSD is less than a specified MSD value based on a band configured for the UE.

8. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the information related to the lower MSD includes information related to an MSD level for a highest power level supported by the UE for a band combination configured for the UE.

9. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprising the steps of: sending a random access preamble to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a response to the random access preamble; sending, to the base station, information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD); receiving a downlink signal, wherein, based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD relaxes a reference sensitivity for receiving the downlink signal; and sending an uplink signal.

10. The method according to claim 9, the method further comprises the steps of: receiving, from the base station, a request message that requests whether there is a band candidate among candidates of an operating band combination configured for the UE that the UE supports the lower MSD.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein The information related to the lower MSD includes capability information related to whether the UE supports the lower MSD.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein, the information related to the lower MSD includes information related to the MSD level for the highest power level supported by the UE for the band combination configured for the UE.

13. A device in mobile communication, the device comprises: one or more processors; and at least one computer memory, the at least one computer memory being operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions, the instructions performing operations when executed by the one or more processors, the operations including: sending a random access preamble to a base station; receiving a response in response to the random access preamble from the base station; sending information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) to the base station; receiving a downlink signal, wherein the reference sensitivity for receiving the downlink signal is relaxed based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD; and sending an uplink signal.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) storing instructions, the instructions performing operations when executed by at least one processor, the operations including: sending a random access preamble to a base station; receiving a response in response to the random access preamble from the base station; sending information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) to the base station; receiving a downlink signal, wherein the reference sensitivity for receiving the downlink signal is relaxed based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD; and sending an uplink signal.

15. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a base station and including the following steps: receiving a random access preamble from a user equipment (UE); sending a response in response to the random access preamble to the UE; receiving information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) from the UE; scheduling the UE based on the information related to the lower MSD; sending a downlink signal to the UE; and receiving an uplink signal from the UE, wherein the reference sensitivity of the UE for receiving the downlink signal is relaxed based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD.

16. The method according to claim 15, the method further including the following steps: sending a request message to the UE, the request message requesting whether there is a band candidate among the candidates of the operating band combination configured for the UE that the UE supports the lower MSD.

17. A base station configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the base station comprises: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and at least one computer memory, the at least one computer memory being operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions, the instructions performing operations when executed by the one or more processors, the operations including: receiving a random access preamble from a user equipment (UE); Send a response to the UE in response to the random access preamble; Receive information related to a lower maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) from the UE; Schedule the UE based on the information related to the lower MSD; Send a downlink signal to the UE; and Receive an uplink signal from the UE, wherein the reference sensitivity of the UE for receiving the downlink signal is relaxed based on whether the lower MSD is supported and the MSD.

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