Open type punch

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of parts of die casting equipment, and particularly relates to an open type punch which is formed by sequentially connecting a punch body, a connector and an injection rod, the axes of the punch body, the connector and the injection rod coincide, the punch body comprises a ring seat of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of lantern rings are installed on the circumferential wall of the ring seat; at least one oil injection ring is arranged between the lantern rings, and a plurality of oil injection holes penetrating through the wall thickness of the oil injection ring are formed in the oil injection ring; the end face of the ring base and the end face of the connector are connected in a locked mode through a connecting pin. A plurality of oil inlet holes are uniformly distributed on the side of the ring seat and on the end surface of the ring seat, a plurality of internal oil passages are arranged in the ring seat, and the internal oil passages, the oil inlet holes and the oil spraying holes are equal in number and are sequentially communicated in a one-to-one manner to form independent lubricating passages; a middle oil hole is formed in the end face of the connector on the side of the connector, and the middle oil hole is communicated with any oil inlet hole in the ring seat through an oil pin. The industrial technical problem that a traditional punch is fast in local abrasion and frequent in overall replacement is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of parts of die-casting equipment, and particularly relates to an open punch. Background Art

[0002] As an advanced casting process, pressure casting occupies an important position in modern manufacturing. It involves filling a die cavity with liquid or semi-solid metal or alloy at high speed under high pressure, and causing the metal or alloy to solidify under pressure to obtain the required casting.

[0003] The injection punch for casting is a core component in a die-casting machine or a squeeze casting device, mainly used for injecting molten metal into the mold cavity at high speed and high pressure. The injection punch in the prior art includes a working end, a main body, and a connecting end. The working end (head end) directly contacts the molten metal, bearing high temperature, high pressure, and friction. Patent 202022672005.2 designs it into an annular structure with an internal support spring to compensate for the wear space caused by friction, so that the working end always keeps close contact with the pressure chamber. The main body (connecting head) mostly adopts a hollow design and is embedded with a water cooling and oil injection system for transmitting the injection force. The connecting end is connected to the piston rod of the injection cylinder to fix the punch.

[0004] The problems existing in this existing injection punch for casting are as follows: 1. Frequent friction easily causes severe wear of the injection punch. Therefore, the collar needs to be replaced after a period of use. The collar of the existing injection punch is a sealing ring structure or a partial sealing ring, which leads to the need to remove the connecting head first when replacing the collar, and then the collar can be axially removed from the connecting head. The whole disassembly and assembly process is time-consuming and laborious. 2. The oil injection structure of the existing injection punch is arranged on the injection rod, and there is a certain distance between the injection rod and the head end, so it is impossible to lubricate the head end evenly.

[0005] In addition, the inventor found that after a period of use of the existing punch, a certain place on the end face of the working end of the punch must be worn more severely than other places, which leads to the need to replace the punch every once in a while, and the overall use cost is relatively high. The inventor carefully analyzed the problem and found that the severely worn place is related to the deposition position of the molten metal. In a horizontal die-casting device, the molten metal deposits at the lower part of the pressure chamber due to gravity, and the area below the punch will bear greater impact force and thermal corrosion, forming local pits or corrosion layers. The traditional solution is to directly replace the whole punch or the ring seat, resulting in material waste and increased maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides an open punch, which solves the industry technical problems of "fast local wear and frequent overall replacement" of traditional punches.

[0007] The solution of the present invention is as follows: An open-type punch is successively connected by a punch body, a connecting head, and a shot sleeve, and the axes of the three coincide. The punch body includes a ring seat with a cylindrical structure. A number of collar rings are installed along the circumferential wall of the ring seat. It also includes a lubrication system: At least one oil injection ring is provided between the collar rings. The oil injection ring is provided with a number of oil injection holes penetrating its wall thickness; The end face of the ring seat and the end face of the connecting head are locked and connected by a connecting pin; On the side of the ring seat, a number of oil inlet holes are evenly distributed on the end face of the ring seat. A number of internal oil channels are provided inside the ring seat. The number of the internal oil channels, oil inlet holes, and oil injection holes are equal, and they are connected in sequence in a one-to-one manner to form an independent lubrication path; On the side of the connecting head, a middle oil hole is opened on the end face of the connecting head. The middle oil hole and any oil inlet hole on the ring seat are connected by an oil pin.

[0008] The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The ring seat structure with rotatable adjustment is adopted. During maintenance, the severely worn part can be adjusted to a non-primary stress area by simple rotation (such as 90° or 180°). This design enables the ring seat to be reused multiple times, improving its service life; (2) The oil injection ring is directly embedded in the working area of the collar ring, reducing the lubricating oil injection distance by 70%. The multi-channel independent lubrication system realizes precise oil supply to each lubrication point, improving the oil film coverage rate; The unique oil hole docking system ensures that the oil channels are automatically aligned after rotation adjustment, maintaining the normal operation of the lubrication system; (3) Cost optimization: Since the service life of the ring seat is increased, the consumption of spare parts and the inventory pressure are reduced, and the comprehensive usage cost is lowered. This design is especially suitable for high-load die-casting scenarios, effectively solving the industry pain points of fast local wear and cumbersome replacement of traditional punches.

[0009] Further, a number of ring grooves for installing the collar rings and the oil injection ring are opened on the circumferential wall of the ring seat; The number of collar rings is 4 and they are all open rings, namely the head ring, the first middle ring, the second middle ring, and the tail ring. The open ring design combined with the special ring groove enables the collar ring to be disassembled and assembled without disassembling the connecting head during replacement. Only radial expansion is required to complete the disassembly and assembly, shortening the maintenance time.

[0010] Further, the connecting head is inserted into the barrel of the ring seat. Its circumferential wall is provided with a spiral groove, and the spiral groove and the inner wall of the ring seat cooperate to form a spiral water return channel; A number of concentric annular grooves are provided on the inner surface of the bottom of the barrel of the ring seat. The annular grooves are arranged at intervals in the radial direction; A cooling water chamber is formed between the insertion end of the connecting head and the concentric annular grooves; The cooling water chamber is communicated with the spiral water return channel. The combined structure of the spiral water return channel and the concentric annular grooves forms a cooling network, greatly increasing the contact area of the cooling water and significantly improving the cooling efficiency; On the other hand, from the processing perspective, machining concentric annular grooves on the inner surface (plane) of the bottom of the barrel of the ring seat is simpler in process, significantly lower in processing difficulty, and greatly shorter in processing time compared with machining spiral grooves on the plane. This not only improves production efficiency but also reduces production costs.

[0011] Further, a through hole is formed in the center of the connector cover plate, and a plurality of bridging grooves are radially spaced apart; the openings of the plurality of bridging grooves and the plurality of concentric annular grooves are opposite and cross-arranged, and two adjacent concentric annular grooves are connected by their corresponding bridging grooves to form a radial flow channel for cooling water. On the one hand, it connects the concentric ring grooves to realize the radial circulation of the cooling water. On the other hand, at the same time, the Venturi effect is generated by the opposite design of the openings, so that the water flow generates a turbulent effect, the water flow velocity is increased, and the cooling dead angle in the traditional structure is eliminated.

[0012] Further, the connector is in the shape of a cylindrical stepped shaft structure with small ends and a large middle, a through hole runs through its axis, and a weight-reducing hole extending axially is provided at one end thereof inserted into the ring seat; the axes of the through hole, the weight-reducing hole and the through hole of the connector cover plate coincide. The stepped shaft structure is combined with the design of the weight-reducing hole to reduce the weight on the premise of ensuring the structural strength, reduce the inertia and improve the punching head response speed.

[0013] Further, the opening shape of the collar is a straight shape, an L shape or a shape with a right-angled fold line. The multi-form opening design provides differential control of the molten metal flow: This solution realizes dynamic seal compensation. The L-shaped / fold-line-shaped opening realizes three-dimensional elastic deformation, generates radial + tangential composite deformation under axial pressure, improves the sealing specific pressure and reduces the leakage rate, and is especially suitable for long-term sealing under high-temperature working conditions of 350-400 °C.

[0014] Further, a diversion groove is axially formed along the circumferential edge on the outer side of the bottom of the ring seat cylinder, and the diversion groove extends into the ring groove of the head ring. This solution innovatively applies the principle of fluid dynamics to the punching head design: the structure extending into the head ring groove forms a "hydraulic gasket" effect, and the head ring is forced to generate self-adaptive radial deformation through the molten metal pressure to compensate for the wear gap of 0.0-0.3 mm in real time; this design breaks through the technical limitations of traditional rigid supports and realizes dynamic self-adaptive intelligent sealing.

[0015] Further, the oil injection ring is located between the second intermediate ring and the tail ring. The reciprocating motion of the second intermediate ring is used to generate a pumping effect to realize the stable maintenance of the oil film. In addition, the tail ring can intercept the leakage of lubricating oil as the last line of defense. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the punching head of an open-type punching head of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a three-dimensional structure diagram of the middle ring seat;

[0018] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a three-dimensional structure diagram of the middle connector;

[0019] Reference numerals: punch body 1, ring seat 1-1, head ring 1-2, first intermediate ring 1-3, second intermediate ring 1-4, oil injection ring 1-5, tail ring 1-6, concentric annular groove 1-7, oil inlet hole 1-8, internal oil passage 1-9, oil injection hole 1-10, connection hole 1-11; connector 2, connector cover plate 2-1, cross bridge groove 2-2, through hole 2-3, spiral groove 2-4, radial connection pin 2-5, connection pin hoop 2-6, intermediate oil passage 2-7, intermediate oil hole 2-8; injection rod 3, water delivery pipe 3-1, lubricating oil passage 3-2; oil pin 4. Detailed implementation mode

[0020] Embodiment 1

[0021] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, an open punch is successively connected by three parts: a punch body 1, a connector 2 and an injection rod 3, and the axes of the three are completely coincident, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the punch during the working process.

[0022] The punch body 1 includes a ring seat 1-1 with a cylindrical structure. Five ring grooves are provided on the peripheral wall of the ring seat 1-1. From left to right, a head ring 1-2, a first intermediate ring 1-3, a second intermediate ring 1-4, an oil injection ring 1-5 and a tail ring 1-6 are successively installed. All the rings are open rings (the opening shape is a straight line), and the gap width at the opening is designed between 0.2 mm and 1.8 mm. Except for the oil injection ring 1-5 which needs to be fixed by screws, the other rings are directly clamped on the ring grooves. In addition, a diversion groove is axially provided on the circumferential edge outside the bottom of the barrel of the ring seat 1-1, and the diversion groove extends into the ring groove of the head ring 1-2. A number of oil injection holes 1-10 (the number of oil injection holes 1-10 in this embodiment is 4) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the oil injection ring 1-5 and penetrate through its wall thickness, which are used to spray lubricating oil on the molten metal during the working process of the punch to reduce wear. A diversion groove is axially provided on the circumferential edge outside the bottom of the barrel of the ring seat 1-1, and the diversion groove extends into the ring groove of the head ring 1-2. Its main function is to guide the flow of molten metal to reduce local impact during punching. At the same time, the molten metal enters the ring groove of the head ring 1-2, dynamically compensates the wear space of the head ring 1-2, so that the head ring 1-2 maintains a good contact with the wall of the stamping cavity, thereby prolonging the service life of the head ring 1-2.

[0023] The injection rod 3 has a hollow axis structure, and a water delivery pipe 3-1 is installed on the axis. The water delivery pipe 3-1 is externally connected to a cooling water source to cool the injection rod 3. A lubricating oil passage is provided on the rod wall of the injection rod 3, and the lubricating oil passage is externally connected to a lubricating oil pump to provide lubricating oil for the punch body 1. The right end of the injection rod 3 is connected to a power source, and a connection port is provided at the left end for connecting to the connector 2.

[0024] The connector 2 has a cylindrical stepped shaft structure with smaller ends and a larger middle (from left to right are the left small end, the middle boss, and the right small end). A through hole runs through its axis for the water delivery pipe 3-1 inside the injection rod 3 to be inserted. A weight-reducing hole is provided at the axis of the left small end of the connector 2 to reduce the weight of the connector 2. The weight-reducing hole is concentrically connected to the through hole. A connector cover plate 2-1 is connected by a pin at the orifice of the weight-reducing hole. A through hole 2-3 is provided at the center of the connector cover plate 2-1. The through hole, the weight-reducing hole, and the through hole 2-3 are coaxial. The water delivery pipe 3-1 sequentially passes through the through hole and the weight-reducing hole and then is inserted into the through hole 2-3.

[0025] The right small end of the connector 2 is inserted into the connection port of the injection rod 3 and locked by a radial connection pin 2-5. A connection pin clamp 2-6 is sleeved outside the connection pin to ensure the stability of the connection.

[0026] 1. Lubrication system

[0027] The left small end of the connector 2 is inserted into the ring seat 1-1. The end face of the ring seat 1-1 and the end face of the middle boss of the connector 2 are locked and connected by an axial connection pin (the axial connection pin is inserted into the connection hole 1-11).

[0028] On the side of the ring seat 1-1, 4 oil inlet holes 1-8 and several connection holes 1-11 are provided on the end face of the ring seat 1-1. The 4 oil inlet holes 1-8 are evenly arranged, and the included angle between adjacent oil inlet holes 1-8 is 90°. 4 internal oil channels 1-9 are provided inside the ring seat 1-1. The 4 internal oil channels 1-9, the 4 oil inlet holes 1-8, and the 4 oil injection holes 1-10 are sequentially connected in a one-to-one manner to form 4 independent lubrication paths.

[0029] On the side of the connector 2, an intermediate oil channel 2-7 communicating with the lubricating oil channel 3-2 is provided in the wall of the connector 2. 1 intermediate oil hole 2-8 communicating with the intermediate oil channel 2-7 is provided on the end face of the middle boss of the connector 2, and several pin holes for cooperating with the connection holes 1-11 and for the axial connection pin to be inserted are provided. The intermediate oil hole 2-8 is connected to any one of the oil inlet holes 1-8 by an oil pin 4.

[0030] During use, after the lubricating oil is pumped out from the lubricating oil channel, it flows along the lubricating oil channel 3-2 and the intermediate oil channel 2-7 and then enters the independent lubrication path inside the ring seat 1-1, and then sprays out from the oil injection hole 1-10 to lubricate the surface of the collar. When the punch is severely worn, the axial connection pin and the oil pin 4 are disassembled, the ring seat 1-1 is rotated 90°, the adjacent oil inlet holes 1-8 are adjusted to be opposite to the intermediate oil hole 2-8, so that the worn area is adjusted to a non-main stress position, thereby prolonging the service life of the ring seat 1-1, and then the oil pin 4 and the axial connection pin are reinstalled.

[0031] This one-to-one lubrication passage design not only ensures sufficient supply of lubricating oil, but also avoids interference between oil passages, improving the lubrication effect. This design also ensures that the angle adjustment of the ring seat 1-1 does not affect the connectivity of the overall oil passage, and the injection ring 1-5 can still spray oil normally, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the punch.

[0032] 2. Cooling water system

[0033] The left small end of the connector 2 is inserted into the ring seat 1-1, and a spiral groove 2-4 is provided on the circumferential wall of the left small end. The spiral groove 2-4 cooperates with the inner wall of the ring seat 1-1 to form a spiral return water channel.

[0034] Inside the bottom of the cylinder of the ring seat 1-1, a number of concentric annular grooves 1-7 are successively provided from the inside to the outside. The annular grooves are arranged at radial intervals, such as the first circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7, the second circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7,..., the Nth circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7. A cooling water chamber is formed between the connector cover plate 2-1 and the concentric annular grooves 1-7. The first circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7 is opposite to the through hole 2-3 of the connector cover plate 2-1, and the outermost circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7 is communicated with the spiral return water channel. The connector cover plate 2-1 is provided with a number of cross-over grooves 2-2 at radial intervals in its through hole 2-3. The a number of cross-over grooves 2-2 and the openings of the a number of concentric annular grooves 1-7 are opposite and cross-arranged, that is, two adjacent concentric annular grooves 1-7 are bridged and communicated through their corresponding cross-over grooves 2-2 to form a radial flow channel for cooling water.

[0035] In this way, the external cooling water passes through the water delivery pipe 3-1 successively through the through holes and weight reduction holes, and then flows into the cooling water chamber from the through hole 2-3 of the connector cover plate 2-1, enters the first circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7 and then flows into the second circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7 along the radial flow channel, and so on, and finally returns to the spiral return water channel from the outermost circle of concentric annular grooves 1-7.

[0036] The design of the concentric annular grooves 1-7 brings significant advantages compared with the traditional cooling water chamber. On the one hand, its structure greatly increases the contact area between the cooling water and the bottom of the cylinder of the ring seat 1-1, enabling the cooling water to exchange heat with the ring seat 1-1 more fully, thus significantly improving the cooling effect, effectively reducing the temperature of the punch during operation, and ensuring the stability and durability of the punch. On the other hand, from the processing perspective, machining the concentric annular grooves 1-7 on the flat bottom of the ring seat 1-1 is simpler in process, with significantly lower processing difficulty and greatly shortened processing time compared with machining the spiral groove 2-4 on the plane. This not only improves production efficiency but also reduces production costs.

[0037] The design of the spiral groove 2-4 on the peripheral wall of the ring seat 1-1 is also ingenious. This design enables the cooling water to be evenly distributed within the peripheral wall of the ring seat 1-1, avoiding the situation of uneven local cooling and further improving the overall cooling effect. Under the guidance of the spiral groove 2-4, the cooling water can flow more smoothly, taking away more heat, so as to ensure that the punch can still maintain good performance under long-term and high-intensity working conditions.

[0038] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common general technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like recorded in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An open punch, which is formed by connecting a punch body, a connector and a shot rod in sequence and whose axes coincide with each other, wherein the punch body comprises a ring seat of cylindrical structure, and a plurality of sleeve rings are installed along the peripheral wall of the ring seat, characterized in that It also includes a lubrication system: at least one oil injection ring is arranged between the sleeve rings, and the oil injection ring is provided with a plurality of oil injection holes penetrating its wall thickness; the end face of the ring seat is locked and connected with the end face of the connector by a connecting pin; on the ring seat side, a plurality of oil inlet holes are evenly distributed on the end face of the ring seat, and a plurality of internal oil passages are arranged inside the ring seat, and the number of the internal oil passages, oil inlet holes and oil injection holes is equal, and they are connected in sequence in a one-to-one manner to form an independent lubrication passage; on the connector side, an intermediate oil hole is opened on the end face of the connector, and the intermediate oil hole is connected to any oil inlet hole on the ring seat by an oil pin.

2. An open punch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peripheral wall of the ring seat is provided with a plurality of ring grooves for installing sleeve rings and injection rings; the sleeve rings are 4 in number and all are open rings, namely a head ring, a first middle ring, a second middle ring and a tail ring.

3. An open punch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connector is inserted into the ring seat tube, and its peripheral wall is provided with a spiral groove, which cooperates with the inner wall of the ring seat to form a spiral water return channel; the inner surface of the bottom of the ring seat is provided with a plurality of concentric annular grooves, and each annular groove is arranged at intervals along the radial direction; a cooling water chamber is formed between the insertion end of the connector and the concentric annular grooves; the cooling water chamber is connected to the spiral water return channel.

4. An open punch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connector cover plate has a through hole in the center and a plurality of bridge grooves radially spaced apart; the openings of the plurality of bridge grooves and the plurality of concentric annular grooves are arranged opposite to and crosswise with each other, and two adjacent concentric annular grooves are connected by bridges via their corresponding bridge grooves to form a radial flow channel for cooling water.

5. An open punch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connector is a cylindrical stepped shaft structure with small ends and a large middle. A through hole runs through its axis, and an axially extending weight-reducing hole is provided at one end inserted into the ring seat. The axes of the through hole, the weight-reducing hole and the through hole of the connector cover coincide.

6. An open punch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The opening shape of the sleeve ring is a straight line shape, an L shape or a right-angled broken line shape.

7. An open punch according to claim 6, characterized in that: A guide groove is provided on the circumferential edge of the outer side of the bottom of the ring seat tube along its axial direction, and the guide groove extends into the ring groove of the head ring.

8. An open punch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The oil injection ring is located between the second middle ring and the tail ring.

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