Intra-and inter-frequency measurement of CSI-RS

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for a user equipment (UE) to perform layer 1 (L1) measurements on candidate cells for L1 / L2 mobility procedures. The UE receives, from a current serving cell, a configuration of Channel State Information (CSI) Reference Signal (RS) measurement resources for L1 measurements of candidate cells. The UE measures a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. The UE may send a CSI report including the L1 measurements of the candidate cell to the current serving cell.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Non - Provisional Application No. 18 / 499,772, titled "CSI - RS INTRA - FREQUENCY AND INTER - FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT", filed on November 1, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 382,245, titled "CSI - RS INTRA - FREQUENCY AND INTER - FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT", filed on November 3, 2022. The above - mentioned applications are assigned to the assignee of this application, and their entire contents are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to wireless communication including channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) configurations for intra - frequency and inter - frequency measurements. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include: code - division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time - division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency - division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency - division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single - carrier frequency - division multiple access (SC - FDMA) systems, and time - division synchronous code - division multiple access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband released by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (such as with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desired attributes disclosed herein.

[0007] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for performing layer 1 (L1) measurements of a candidate cell. The method includes: receiving, from a current serving cell, a configuration of channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell. The method includes: measuring a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

[0008] This disclosure also provides an apparatus (e.g., a UE) that includes a memory storing computer-executable instructions and at least one processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to perform at least one of the above methods, an apparatus including units for performing at least one of the above methods, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing at least one of the above methods.

[0009] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for configuring a UE to perform L1 measurements. The method includes: transmitting, from a current serving cell, a configuration of channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell, where the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. The method includes: receiving an L1 CSI report including measurements of the candidate cell.

[0010] This disclosure also provides an apparatus (e.g., a BS) that includes a memory storing computer-executable instructions and at least one processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to perform at least one of the above methods, an apparatus including units for performing at least one of the above methods, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing at least one of the above methods.

[0011] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system including an access network.

[0013] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a first frame.

[0014] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram showing an example of DL channels within a subframe.

[0015] Figure 2C It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a second frame.

[0016] Figure 2D It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a subframe.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram showing examples of a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a decomposed base station architecture.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a layer 1 or layer 2 (L1 / L2) mobility scenario for a primary cell (PCell).

[0020] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of an L1 / L2 mobility scenario for a secondary cell (SCell) handover.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of an L1 / L2 mobility scenario for a cell group (CG).

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram showing the transmission of a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) for both intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurements.

[0023] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration message for configuring L1 measurements.

[0024] Figure 10 It is a message diagram showing various messages for performing L1 measurements.

[0025] Figure 11 It is a conceptual data flow diagram showing the data flow between different units / components in an example network node (such as a BS).

[0026] Figure 12 It is a conceptual data flow diagram showing the data flow between different units / components in an example UE.

[0027] Figure 13 It is a flowchart showing an example of a method for a UE to perform L1 measurements on candidate cells.

[0028] Figure 14 It is a flowchart showing an example method for a network node to configure L1 measurements on candidate cells.

[0029] Similar reference numerals and names in the various figures indicate similar elements. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0030] For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure, the following description relates to certain implementations. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in many different ways. Some of the examples in the present disclosure are based on wireless and wired local area network (LAN) communications according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless standard, IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard, and IEEE 1901 power line communication (PLC) standard. However, the described implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any one of the following wireless communication standards: IEEE 802.11 standard, standards, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), AMPS, or other known signals for communication within a wireless, cellular, or Internet of Things (IoT) network (such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G, or 5G, or other implementations and technologies thereof).

[0031] Traditionally, in a wireless communication network such as a 5G NR network, mobility procedures are performed at layer 3 (L3) using Radio Resource Control (RRC) messaging. The mobility procedures allow a User Equipment (UE) to move from a source cell to a target cell. The mobility procedures can be based on layer 3 measurements of candidate cells. For example, a UE can be configured to measure candidate cells and send measurement reports in response to various conditions. In some scenarios, when the UE establishes an RRC connection with the target cell, the L3 mobility procedure may involve an interruption or gap in communication. Relative to the L3 mobility procedure, mobility procedures at layer 1 or layer 2 (L1 / L2) offer the possibility of improving the speed of mobility. However, L1 and L2 offer less flexibility in terms of the types and content of messages that can be sent. Additionally, L1 measurements may require different definitions for intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurements for the UE to be able to correctly configure and perform L1 measurements.

[0032] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides L1 measurements that can be used in L1 / L2 mobility. Different from the L3 configuration of a measurement object or a measurement report, the L1 measurements can be configured as channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resources. Although 3GPP TS version 17 may allow the configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for in-band cells, such measurements are too limited for L1 / L2 mobility. In one aspect, a UE may receive a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell from a current serving cell. The UE may measure a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an in-band candidate cell or an inter-band candidate cell. Thus, the UE may determine L1 measurements of various types of candidate cells. In some implementations, the UE may initiate an L1 / L2 mobility procedure based on the L1 measurements (e.g., meeting defined conditions). In some implementations, the UE may report the L1 measurements to the current serving cell in a CSI report.

[0033] Certain implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The L1 / L2 mobility procedure may improve the latency of mobility, thereby reducing communication interruptions during mobility. The use of CSI-RS measurement resources may provide flexibility in configuring measurements for both in-band candidate cells and inter-band candidate cells. Compared with other mobility procedures, L1 / L2 mobility may use less signaling overhead.

[0034] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods will be described in the detailed description below and illustrated in the drawings by various boxes, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0035] For example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. A processor can include an interface or be coupled to an interface that can obtain or output a signal. A processor can obtain a signal via the interface and output a signal via the interface. In some implementations, the interface can be a printed circuit board (PCB) transmission line. In some other embodiments, the interface can include a wireless transmitter, a wireless transceiver, or a combination thereof. For example, the interface can include a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, which can be implemented to receive a signal or transmit a signal or both. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, processes, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0036] Thus, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on a computer-readable medium or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes computer storage media, which can be referred to as non-transitory computer-readable media. Non-transitory computer-readable media may not include transitory signals. A storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the foregoing types of computer-readable media, or any other medium capable of storing computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures and capable of being accessed by a computer.

[0037] Figure 1FIG. is an example diagram illustrating a wireless communication system and an access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a UE 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). The base station 102 may include a macro cell (high-power cellular base station) or a small cell (low-power cellular base station). The macro cell includes a base station. The small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell. The small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell. The base station 102 may be configured in a split RAN (D-RAN) or an open RAN (O-RAN) architecture, where functions are split among multiple units (such as a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DU), or radio units (RU)). Such an architecture may be configured to utilize a protocol stack logically split among one or more units (such as one or more CUs and one or more DUs). In some aspects, the CU may be implemented within an edge RAN node, and in some aspects, one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU or may be geographically distributed across one or more RAN nodes. The DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. A network node may include one or more of the base station 102, the CU, the DU, or the RU.

[0038] In some implementations, one or more of the UEs 104 may include an L1 measurement component 140 configured to measure L1 channel characteristics. The L1 measurement component 140 may include a configuration component 142 configured to receive, from a current serving cell, a configuration of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resource for layer 1 (L1) measurements of a candidate cell. The L1 measurement component 140 may include a measurement component 144 configured to measure a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an in-band candidate cell or an inter-band candidate cell. In some implementations, the L1 measurement component may optionally include a reporting component 146 configured to transmit an L1 CSI report including measurements of the candidate cell.

[0039] In some implementations, one or more of the base stations 102 may include a measurement control component 120 configured to manage L1 measurements for the UEs. The measurement control component 120 may include a configuration Tx component 122 configured to transmit, from a current serving cell, a configuration of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resource for layer 1 (L1) measurements of a candidate cell. The configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an in-band candidate cell or an inter-band candidate cell. The measurement control component 120 may include a reporting Rx component 124 configured to receive an L1 CSI report including measurements of the candidate cell.

[0040] The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interact with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 that can be wired or wireless (such as the S1 interface). The base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interact with the core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184, which can be wired or wireless. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 can also perform one or more of the following functions: transmission of user data, encryption and decryption of radio channels, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), user and device tracking, radio access network information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via the EPC 160 or the core network 190) on a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., the X2 interface). The third backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0041] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographical coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographical coverage areas 110. For example, small cell 102' can have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network can also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link 112 between base station 102 and UE 104 can include an UL (also referred to as the reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 or a DL (also referred to as the forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 112 can use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, which includes spatial multiplexing, beamforming, or transmit diversity. The communication link can be over one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 can use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) per carrier allocated in carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The carriers can be adjacent to each other or can be non-adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers can be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers can be allocated for DL compared to UL). The component carriers can include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carriers can be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0042] Certain UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as the physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), the physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), the physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0043] The wireless communication system can also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, STA152 / AP 150 can perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0044] Small cell 102’ can operate in licensed or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell 102’ can adopt NR and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum as that used by Wi-Fi AP 150. Small cell 102’ adopting NR in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage of the access network or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0045] Base station 102 (whether it is small cell 102' or large cell (e.g., macro base station)) can include eNB, gNodeB (gNB) or other types of base stations. Some base stations (such as gNB 180) can operate in one or more frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0046] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as frequency range names FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as intermediate band frequencies. Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally referred to (interchangeably) as the “Sub-6 Ghz” (“below 6 GHz”) band. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with respect to FR2. Although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band, FR2 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” (mmW) band in documents and articles. Communications using the mmW radio frequency band have extremely high path loss and short range. mmW base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range.

[0047] Considering the above aspects, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6Ghz” etc. (if used in this article) can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, or frequencies that can include intermediate band frequencies. Further, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” etc. (if used in this article) can broadly represent frequencies that can include intermediate band frequencies, frequencies within FR2, or frequencies within the EHF band. Communications using the mmW radio frequency band have extremely high path loss and short range. mmW base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range.

[0048] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transported through the Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to an IP service 176. The IP service 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provision and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area for a particular broadcast service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related charging information.

[0049] The core network 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transported through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, or other IP services.

[0050] A base station may include or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver functional unit, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit receive point (TRP), or some other suitable term. Base station 102 provides an access point for UE 104 to EPC 160 or core network 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radio units, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in UE104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, ovens, vehicles, cardiac monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, user station, mobile unit, user unit, radio unit, remote unit, mobile device, radio device, radio communication device, remote device, mobile user station, access terminal, mobile terminal, radio terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0051] Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies including 6G technology.

[0052] Figure 2A It is a schematic diagram 200 showing an example of a first frame. Figure 2B It is a schematic diagram 230 showing an example of a DL channel within a subframe. Figure 2C It is a schematic diagram 250 showing an example of a second frame. Figure 2D It is a schematic diagram 280 showing an example of a subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be FDD, where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL, or it may be TDD, where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. A subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell is referred to as a bandwidth part (BWP), and bandwidth adaptation is achieved by configuring the UE with a BWP and informing the UE which of the configured BWPs is the currently active BWP. In one aspect, a narrow bandwidth part (NBWP) refers to a BWP that has a bandwidth less than or equal to the maximum configurable bandwidth of the BWP. The bandwidth of the NBWP is less than the carrier system bandwidth.

[0053] In the example provided by Figure 2A and 2C , the 5G / NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (with most being DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X can be flexibly used between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (with most being UL). Although subframe 3 and subframe 4 are shown to have slot formats 34 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 - 61. Slot format 0 and slot format 1 are all - DL and all - UL respectively. The other slot formats 2 - 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. Through the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI), the UE is configured with a slot format (dynamically via Downlink Control Information (DCI), or semi - statically / statically via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[0054] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures or different channels. A frame (10 milliseconds (ms)) can be divided into 10 equally - sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more slots. A subframe can also include mini - slots, and a mini - slot can include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Depending on the slot configuration, each slot can include 7 or 14 symbols. For slot configuration 0, each slot can include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot can include 7 symbols. The symbols on the DL can be Cyclic Prefix (CP) OFDM (CP - OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL can be CP - OFDM symbols (for high - throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) - spread OFDM (DFT - s - OFDM) symbols (also known as Single - Carrier Frequency - Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) symbols) (for power - limited scenarios; limited to single - stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies μ0 to 5 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe respectively. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe respectively. Thus, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The sub - carrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the numerology. The sub - carrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15 kHz, where μ is numerology 0 to 5. Accordingly, numerology μ = 0 has a sub - carrier spacing of 15 kHz, and numerology μ = 5 has a sub - carrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the sub - carrier spacing. Figure 2A - 2DProvide an example of a time slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per time slot and a digital scheme μ = 2 with 4 time slots per subframe. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 microseconds (μs).

[0055] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)), and a resource block contains 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0056] As Figure 2A shown, some of the REs in the RE carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for the UE. The RS can include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for a specific configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS can also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0057] Figure 2B Illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE includes nine resource element groups (REGs), and each REG includes four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) can be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe in the frame. The PSS is used by the UE104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and L1 identification. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) can be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the L1 cell identification group number and radio frame timing. Based on the L1 identification and the L1 cell identification group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the above DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent through the PBCH (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0058] As Figure 2CAs shown, some of the REs in the RE carry DM-RS for channel estimation performed at the base station (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE can transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the previous one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is being transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used. The UE can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS in one of the combs in the comb. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0059] Figure 2D An example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame is shown. The PUCCH can be positioned as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and can additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), or UCI.

[0060] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of an example of a base station 310 and a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 can be provided to the controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, and the media access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides: RRC layer functions associated with: broadcasting of system information (such as, MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (such as, RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with: header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with: transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with: mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0061] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement the layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transmission channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transmission channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). The encoded and modulated symbols may be split into parallel streams. Each stream may be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with reference signals (e.g., pilots) in the time or frequency domain, and combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is precoded in space to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 or channel status feedback. Each spatial stream may be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0062] At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement the layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements the layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

[0063] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport channel and the logical channel to recover the IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for supporting HARQ operations using error detection with the ACK or NACK protocol.

[0064] Similar to the functions described in connection with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides: RRC layer functions that are associated with: system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions that are associated with: header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions that are associated with: transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions that are associated with: mapping between the logical channel and the transport channel, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0065] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on reference signals or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme, as well as to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0066] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver functions at the UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0067] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 can be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between the transport channel and the logical channel, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. The IP packets from the controller / processor 375 can be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for supporting HARQ operations using error detection with the ACK or NACK protocol.

[0068] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform aspects related to Figure 1 the L1 measurement component 140. For example, the memory 360 can include executable instructions for defining the L1 measurement component 140. The TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 can be configured to execute the L1 measurement component 140.

[0069] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform aspects related to Figure 1 the measurement control component 120. For example, the memory 376 can include executable instructions for defining the measurement control component 120. The TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 can be configured to execute the measurement control component 120.

[0070] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example disaggregated base station 400 architecture. The disaggregated base station 400 architecture can include one or more central units (CUs) 410, and the CU 210 can communicate directly with the core network 420 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 420 through one or more disaggregated base station units (e.g., a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 425 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 415 associated with the service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 405, or both). The CU 410 can communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 430 via corresponding midhaul links (such as the F1 interface). The DU 430 can communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 440 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 440 can communicate with the corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 can be served by multiple RUs 440 simultaneously.

[0071] Each unit in the unit, i.e., CU 410, DU 430, RU 440, and the near RT RIC 425, non-RT RIC 415, and SMO framework 405, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces, and the interfaces are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit in the unit or the associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of the unit may be configured to communicate with one or more units in other units via the transmission media. For example, a unit may include a wired interface that is configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more units in other units via a wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), and the wireless interface is configured to receive or transmit, or both, signals for one or more other units via a wireless transmission media.

[0072] In some aspects, CU 410 may host one or more high-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to convey signals with other control functions hosted by CU 410. CU 410 may be configured to handle user plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, CU 410 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP device may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP device via an interface, such as via the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. When necessary, CU 410 may be implemented to communicate with DU430 for network control and signaling.

[0073] The DU 430 can correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. In some aspects, at least partially depending on the functional split, such as the functional split defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the DU 430 can host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high Physical (PHY) layers (e.g., modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.). In some aspects, the DU 430 can further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented using interfaces configured to transmit signals to other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430 or to control functions hosted by the CU 410.

[0074] The lower layer functions can be implemented by one or more RUs 440. In some deployments, the RUs 440 controlled by the DU 430 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (e.g., perform fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, at least partially based on the functional split (e.g., lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RUs 440 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control and user plane communication with the RUs 440 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 430. In some scenarios, such a configuration can enable the DU 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (e.g., vRAN architecture).

[0075] The SMO framework 405 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 405 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and such resources can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as, the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 405 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as, the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 490) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as, the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 410, DU 430, RU 440, and the Near RT RIC 425. In some implementations, the SMO framework 405 can communicate with the hardware aspect of the 4G RAN (such as, the Open eNB (O-eNB) 411) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 405 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 440 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 405 can also include a Non-RT RIC 415, which is configured to support the functions of the SMO framework 405.

[0076] The Non-RT RIC 415 can be configured to include logical functions that implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows (including model training and updating), or policy-based application / function guidance in the Near RT RIC 425. The Non-RT RIC 415 can be coupled to the Near RT RIC 425 or communicate with the Near RT RIC 325 (such as, via the A1 interface). The Near RT RIC 425 can be configured to include logical functions that implement near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions on an interface (such as, via the E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, or both, and the O-eNB to the Near RT RIC 425.

[0077] In some implementations, to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near RT RIC 425, the non-RT RIC 415 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near RT RIC 425 or can be received at the SMO framework 405 or the non-RT RIC 415 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 415 or the near RT RIC 425 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 415 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 405 (e.g., reconfiguration via O1) or via creating RAN management policies (e.g., A1 policies).

[0078] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an L1 / L2 mobility scenario 500 for a primary cell (PCell). The UE 104 can initially be served by an active PCell 510. L1 / L2 mobility can allow for the update of the PCell based on L1 measurements via L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 500 can be applied to a single PCell change without carrier aggregation (CA). L1 / L2 mobility can be applied to both intra-frequency mobility and inter-frequency mobility.

[0079] During the L1 / L2 mobility procedure, the UE 104 can determine a target candidate cell (e.g., new PCell 520a) from a set of candidate cells 520. For example, the set of candidate cells 520 can include candidate PCells 520a, 520b, and 520c. The target candidate PCell 520a can be selected based on, for example, L1 measurements.

[0080] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the L1 / L2 mobility scenario 600 for secondary cell (SCell) handover. Similar to the PCell scenario, the UE 104 can initially be served by the active PCell 610. The active PCell 610 can be in CA with the SCell 620. During the L1 / L2 mobility procedure, the UE 104 can determine a target candidate SCell (e.g., the new SCell 620a) from the candidate SCell set 620. For example, the candidate SCell set 620 can include candidate SCells 620a, 620b, and 620c, which are SCells configured to be in CA with the PCell 610. The target candidate SCell 620a can be selected based on, for example, L1 measurements. The L1 / L2 mobility procedure can hand over the candidate SCell 620a to become the new PCell. In some implementations, the old PCell 610 can become an SCell, or can no longer be used as a serving cell (e.g., due to poor channel conditions).

[0081] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the L1 / L2 mobility scenario 700 for a cell group (CG). When the UE 104 is configured with a cell group, the special cell (SpCell) and the SCell can be handed over as a group. For example, the current serving CG 710 can include the SpCell and the SCell. The candidate CG set 720 can include candidate CGs 720a, 720b, and 720c. The L1 / L2 mobility can allow the update of the serving CG 710 via L1 / L2 signaling based on L1 measurements. The target candidate CG 720a can be selected based on, for example, L1 measurements. The L1 / L2 mobility procedure can hand over the candidate CG 720a to become the new serving CG.

[0082] L1 / L2 mobility may include mechanisms and procedures for L1 / L2-based inter-cell mobility for mobility latency reduction. For example, the configuration and maintenance for multiple candidate cells may allow for the rapid application of the configuration for candidate cell 520. The dynamic handover mechanism between candidate serving cells (including PCell, SCell, and SpCell) may meet multiple potential applicable scenarios based on L1 / L2 signaling. L1 enhancements for inter-cell beam management (including L1 measurements and reports) and beam indication may facilitate L1 / L2 mobility. Timing advance management for candidate cells may facilitate L1 / L2 mobility. CU-DU interface signaling for supporting L1 / L2 mobility may be applicable to distributed architectures. Example L1 / L2 mobility scenarios include: stand-alone, CA, and NR-DC cases with serving cell change within a cell group (CG); in-DU cases and between-DU cases within CU (applicable to stand-alone and CA); both intra-frequency and inter-frequency mobility; both FR1 and FR2 frequency ranges; and when the source cell and the target cell are synchronized or asynchronous.

[0083] Figure 8 FIG. 800 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and / or CSI-RSs for both intra-frequency mobility and inter-frequency mobility. An active serving cell 810 (e.g., PCell 510, PCell 610, or CG 710) may transmit an SSB 812 at the center frequency within a configured active bandwidth part (BWP) 806 within a carrier bandwidth 802. Various candidate cells 820 may include intra-frequency candidate cells 830 and inter-frequency candidate cells 840, 850, or 860.

[0084] An intra-frequency candidate cell 830 may be a candidate cell that operates at the same carrier bandwidth 802, active BWP 806, center frequency, and has the same subcarrier spacing (SCS) as the active serving cell 810. For example, the definition of L3 intra-frequency measurement is defined as an SSB-based intra-frequency measurement, assuming that the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell indicated for measurement is the same as the center frequency of the SSB of the neighboring cell and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same. For L3 measurements, the SSB does not need to be in the active BWP of the serving cell.

[0085] In NR Release 17, only narrow categories of intra-L1 frequency measurements on non-serving cells are allowed. For example, a UE may be configured in the serving cell configuration with CSI-RS whose TCI is quasi-co-located with the non-serving cell SSB. However, the non-serving cell CSI-RS is limited to having, for example, the same scrambling seed as the serving cell, aligned Point A configuration, the same SCS, aligned center frequency, and system frame number (SFN) offset. Therefore, the configurable intra-L1 frequency measurements in NR Release 17 may not be suitable for L1 / L2 mobility procedures with various types of cells.

[0086] In one aspect, the definition of an intra-frequency cell for L1 measurements can be relaxed or extended. For example, L1 measurements of candidate cells can be configured in the current serving cell, since non-serving cell CSI-RS must be configured in the active DL BWP, but at least some configurations do not need to follow the serving cell: for example, the SCS and center frequency must be the same as the serving cell, but the scrambling sequence seed can follow the scrambling sequence seed of the non-serving cell. Similarly, the Point A configuration or SFN offset can vary. As another example, the L3 definition of an intra-frequency cell (e.g., the same center frequency and SCS) can be applied with optional additional restrictions, such as the same BWP, the same SFN offset, or other BWP parameters.

[0087] The UE can perform intra-frequency measurements on candidate cells that meet the extended definition. In some implementations, such intra-frequency measurements do not require a measurement gap. However, in some implementations, depending on the SCS of the candidate cell, the receive timing difference between the serving cell and the candidate cell may be greater than the cyclic prefix (CP) length. In this case, a symbol-level gap can be used to allow the UE to adjust the timing to receive a complete symbol. The symbol gap can be configured before and / or after consecutive SSB / CSI RS symbols used for inter-frequency measurements (e.g., in the SSB measurement timing configuration (SMTC) window). For some definitions of intra-frequency cells, a measurement gap can be configured when the non-serving cell CSI-RS is outside the downlink active BWP.

[0088] In one aspect, any cell that does not meet the definition of an intra-frequency cell can be considered an inter-frequency cell. For example, inter-frequency cells can include the following scenarios: 1) the frequency of the RS being measured is not covered by any active BWP in the active BWPs of the SpCell and Scells configured for the UE, but is covered by some configured BWPs in the configured BWPs of the SpCell and Scells configured for the UE; and 2) the frequency of the RS being measured is not covered by any configured BWP in the configured BWPs of the SpCell and Scells configured for the UE. Conventionally, L1 measurements of inter-frequency cells cannot be configured.

[0089] The inter-frequency candidate cell 850 of the first type can transmit the SSB or CSI-RS 852 outside the active BWP 806 of the active serving cell 810 but within the configured carrier bandwidth 802 of the active serving cell 810.

[0090] As another example, the inter-frequency candidate cell 860 of the second type can transmit the SSB or CSI-RS 862 outside the configured carrier bandwidth 802 of the active serving cell 810 (e.g., in the carrier bandwidth 804).

[0091] As another example, the inter-frequency candidate cell 840 of the third type can be a candidate cell that is different from the active serving cell 810 in terms of the center frequency, SCS, active BWP, or carrier bandwidth 802. For example, the inter-frequency candidate cell 840 can transmit the SSB or CSI-RS 842 within the active BWP 806 of the active serving cell 810 but using a center frequency or SCS different from the SSB 812 of the active serving cell 810.

[0092] In one aspect, when the inter-frequency SSB / CSI-RS 842 is completely contained within the active DL BWP of the serving cell, the UE 104 may be able to perform inter-frequency measurements based on the SSB / CSI-RS without a measurement gap. The UE may indicate the ability to perform inter-frequency measurements without a measurement gap on the inter-frequency cell 840. This ability may indicate a limitation on the SCS or timing difference. In one aspect, it may be assumed that the UE is configured to perform inter-frequency measurements based on the SSB / CSI using a measurement gap when the inter-frequency SSB / CSI-RS 852 or 862 is outside the active DL BWP 806 of the serving cell. Additionally, if the Tx timings of the serving cell and the candidate cell are not aligned (e.g., the RRC flag deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is disabled), then the SMTC or measurement gap may be configured. The measurement gap may be configured before and / or after the consecutive SSB / CSIRS symbols used for inter-frequency measurements (e.g., within the SMTC window).

[0093] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of an example RRC configuration 900 for L1 measurements of candidate cells. In one aspect, the RRC configuration 900 may include a CSI measurement configuration 910.

[0094] In some implementations, the configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for candidate cells can be included within the configuration of serving cell 920. For example, serving cell 920 can include measurement resources for serving cell CSI-RS and measurement resources for candidate cell CSI-RS or SSB. The measurement resources for candidate cells can include a PCI index. The PCI index can identify a separate configuration (e.g., an L3 measurement object) for candidate cell 930. Parameters for L1 measurement objects can be defined in the separate configuration of candidate cell 930. For example, the separate configuration of candidate cell 930 can indicate one or more of the following: alignment of SFN; effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or a SSB measurement timing configuration (SMTC); or an assumed receive timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell. In some implementations, the configuration of candidate cell 930 can include reference frequency CSI-RS. In some implementations, the configuration of candidate cell 930 indicates a measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0095] In some implementations, the CSI measurement configuration 910 can include a candidate cell configuration 940 that includes measurement resources for candidate cells. The measurement resources can correspond to SSB or CSI-RS for mobility. For example, the measurement resources corresponding to SSB can indicate the set of SSBs to be measured, SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and / or SMTC. The measurement resources for SSB can include a measurement gap configuration. The measurement resources corresponding to CSI-RS can include a reference cell index that identifies a reference cell for timing. The measurement resources corresponding to CSI-RS can include one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0096] Figure 10 Message diagram 1000 shows various messages for L1 measurement. UE 104 can send a capability message 1010 indicating the UE's capability to perform L1 measurement.

[0097] Serving cell 810 can send an RRC configuration 1020. The RRC configuration 1020 can configure channel CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of candidate cells. For example, the RRC configuration 1020 can include the CSI measurement configuration 910.

[0098] The serving cell 810 may transmit the SSB / CSI-RS 1030 for the serving cell. For example, the SSB / CSI-RS 1030 may correspond to the SSB 812. The UE 104 may perform L1 measurements (e.g., measure the L1 reference signal received power (RSRP) or L1 signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SINR) of the SSB / CSI-RS 1030). In some implementations, the measurement gap 1032 may allow the UE 104 to adjust the timing and / or frequency before the candidate cell 820 transmits the SSB / CSI-RS 1040 on the configured measurement resources. For example, the SSB / CSI-RS 1040 may correspond to any one of the SSB / CSI-RS 832, 842, 852, or 862. The UE 104 may measure the SSB / CSI-RS 1040 of the candidate cell to obtain L1 measurements, such as L1 RSRP or L1 SINR. In one aspect, the measurement may be based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. For example, the presence or length of the measurement gap 1032 may be based on the type of the candidate cell.

[0099] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit a CSI report 1050 including the L1 measurements of the candidate cell 820. The UE 104, the serving cell 810, and / or the candidate cell may determine whether to perform an L1 / L2 mobility procedure based on the CSI report 1050.

[0100] In an example L1 / L2 mobility procedure, the serving cell 810 and / or the candidate cell 820 may transmit a message 1060 to pre-configure or activate a TCI state. For example, the message 1060 may include an RRC configuration and / or a MAC-CE. The serving cell 810 and / or the candidate cell 820 may transmit an L1 / L2 mobility command 1070 (e.g., a MAC-CE or DCI) indicating that the UE is to switch to the candidate cell 820. The candidate cell 820 (now the new serving cell) may transmit a TCI state indication 1080 (e.g., a DCI) to notify the UE of the TCI state for communicating with the new serving cell.

[0101] Figure 11 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1100 showing the data flow between different units / components in an example base station 102, which may be an example base station 102 including a measurement control component 120 ( Figure 1 ). The measurement control component 120 may be composed of Figure 3implemented by the memory 376 and the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and / or controller / processor 375. For example, the memory 376 may store executable instructions for defining the measurement control component 120, and the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and / or controller / processor 375 may execute the instructions.

[0102] The base station 102 may include a receiver component 1170, and the receiver component 1170 may include, for example, a radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving the signals described herein. The base station 102 may include a transmitter component 1172, and the transmitter component 1172 may include, for example, an RF transmitter for transmitting the signals described herein. In one aspect, the receiver component 1170 and the transmitter component 1172 may be co-located in a transceiver, such as shown by the TX / RX 318 in Figure 3 the figure.

[0103] As discussed with respect to Figure 1 the measurement control component 120 may include a configured Tx component 122 and a reporting Rx component 124.

[0104] The receiver component 1170 may receive UL signals, a capability message 1010, and a CSI report 1050 from the UE 104. The receiver component 1170 may provide the capability message 1010 to the configured Tx component 122. The receiver component 1170 may provide the CSI report 1050 to the reporting Rx component 124.

[0105] The configured Tx component 122 may be configured to transmit, from the current serving cell, a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell. In some implementations, the configured Tx component 122 may obtain the capability message 1010. The configured Tx component 122 may determine, based on the capability message 1010, that the UE 104 is capable of performing L1 measurements. The configured Tx component 122 may receive information about the candidate cell from the core network 190 (e.g., the AMF 192). The configured Tx component 122 may select a candidate cell for the UE 104 and generate an RRC configuration 1020 that identifies the L1 measurement resources corresponding to the candidate cell. This configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. For example, the configured Tx component 122 may generate a CSI measurement configuration 910. The parameters for each measurement resource may be based on the type of the candidate cell. The configured Tx component 122 may output the RRC configuration 1020 for transmission to the UE 104 via the transmitter component 1172.

[0106] The reporting Rx component 124 may be configured to receive the L1 CSI report 1050 including measurements of candidate cells. For example, the measurement control component 120 may obtain the L1 CSI report 1050 via the receiver component 1170. In some implementations, the reporting Rx component 124 may evaluate the L1 measurements. For example, the reporting Rx component 124 determines whether the L1 measurements meet the L1 / L2 mobility conditions. In some implementations, the reporting Rx component 124 may output an L1 / L2 mobility message (such as message 1060, mobility command 1070, or TCI status indication 1080) to be transmitted to the UE 104 via the transmitter component 1172.

[0107] Figure 12 FIG. 1200 is a conceptual data flow diagram showing the data flow between different units / components in an exemplary UE 104, which exemplary UE 104 may be an example of UE 104 ( Figure 1 ) and may include an L1 measurement component 140. The L1 measurement component 140 may be implemented by the memory 360 and the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359. For example, the memory 360 may store executable instructions for defining the L1 measurement component 140, and the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 may execute the instructions.

[0108] The UE 104 may include a receiver component 1270, which may include, for example, an RF receiver for receiving the signals described herein. The UE 104 may include a transmitter component 1272, which may include, for example, an RF transmitter for transmitting the signals described herein. In one aspect, the receiver component 1270 and the transmitter component 1272 may be co-located in a transceiver, such as shown by the TX / RX 352 in Figure 3 .

[0109] As discussed with respect to Figure 1 , the L1 measurement component 140 may include a configuration component 142 and a measurement component 144. In some implementations, the L1 measurement component 140 may include a reporting component 146 and / or a mobility component 1210.

[0110] The receiver component 1270 can receive the DL signals described herein, such as the RRC configuration 1020, SSB / CSI-RS 1030, SSB / CSI-RS 1040, message 1060, mobility command 1070, or TCI state indication 1080. The receiver component 1270 can provide the RRC configuration 1020 to the configuration component 142. The receiver component 1270 provides the SSB / CSI-RS 1030 and / or SSB / CSI-RS 1040 to the measurement component 144. The receiver component 1270 can provide the message 1060, mobility command 1070, or TCI state indication 1080 to the mobility component 1210.

[0111] The configuration component 142 can be configured to receive a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell from a current serving cell. For example, the configuration component 142 can receive the RRC configuration 1020 via the receiver component 1270. The configuration component 142 can determine CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurements of a candidate cell based on the information elements of the RRC configuration 1020. The configuration component 142 can output the measurement resources to the measurement component 144. The configuration component 142 can output a reporting configuration to the reporting component 146.

[0112] The measurement component 144 can be configured to measure signals transmitted from a candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. For example, the measurement component 144 can receive the SSB / CSI-RS 1030, 1040 via the receiver component 1270. In some implementations, the measurement component 144 can tune the receiver component 1270 to the correct frequency to receive inter-frequency SSB / CSI-RS. In some implementations, the measurement component 144 can adjust the timing for receiving the SSB / CSI-RS. The measurement component 144 can determine measurements, such as L1 RSRP or L1 SINR, based on the received SSB / CSI-RS. The measurement component 144 can output the measurements to the reporting component 146 and / or the mobility component 1210.

[0113] The reporting component 146 can be configured to send an L1 CSI report 1050 including measurements of a candidate cell. For example, the reporting component 146 can obtain a reporting configuration from the configuration component 142. The reporting component 146 can obtain measurements from the measurement component 144. The reporting component 146 can include the configured measurements in the CSI report 1050. The reporting component 146 can output the CSI report 1050 for transmission via the transmitter component 1272.

[0114] The mobility component 1210 can be configured to perform L1 / L2 mobility procedures. The mobility component 1210 can receive mobility messages via the receiver component 1270. For example, the mobility component 1210 can receive message 1060, mobility command 1070, and / or TCI status indication 1080. The mobility component 1210 can configure the UE 104 as indicated in the L1 / L2 mobility message.

[0115] Figure 13 FIG. 1300 is a flow chart of an example method 1300 for a UE to perform L1 measurements of candidate cells. The method 1300 can be performed by a UE (such as UE 104, which can include a memory 360 and can be the entire UE 104 or a component of UE 104, such as the L1 measurement component 140, the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, or the controller / processor 359). The method 1300 can be performed by the L1 measurement component 140 in communication with the measurement control component 120 of the base station 102. Optional blocks are shown in dashed lines.

[0116] At block 1310, method 1300 may include: receiving, from a current serving cell, a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of a candidate cell. In some implementations, for example, UE 104, RX processor 356, or controller / processor 359 may execute L1 measurement component 140 or configuration component 142 to receive, from the current serving cell, the configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are configured in the active downlink BWP of the current serving cell, where at least one of the scrambling seed, alignment point A configuration, subcarrier spacing, center frequency, or SFN offset is different from that of the current serving cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell have the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resources for the serving cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are in the active BWP of the current serving cell or have the same SFN offset as the current serving cell. In some implementations, at sub-block 1312, block 1310 may optionally include: receiving a CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, where the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell are tagged with an additional PCI index. The additional PCI index may be linked to the configuration of candidate cell 930. In some implementations, the configuration of candidate cell 930 indicates one or more of the following: alignment of the SFN; EIRP offset relative to the current serving cell; scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; whether the candidate cell is configured with symbol-level gap or SMTC; or an assumed reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell. In some implementations, the configuration of an inter-frequency candidate cell includes reference frequency CSI-RS. In some implementations, the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information. In some implementations, at sub-block 1314, block 1310 may optionally include: receiving candidate cell configuration 940, which includes a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell. In some implementations, the RRC configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to an SSB or CSI-RS configured for mobility. The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB may include a set of SSBs to be measured. The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of an inter-frequency candidate cell may include the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC. The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of an inter-frequency candidate cell may further include an associated measurement gap configuration. In some implementations, the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.In some implementations, the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information. Accordingly, the UE 104, RX processor 356, or controller / processor 359 that executes the L1 measurement component 140 or the configuration component 142 can provide a unit for configuring the CSI-RS measurement resources for receiving L1 measurements for a candidate cell from the current serving cell.

[0117] At block 1320, method 1300 includes: measuring a signal transmitted from a candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, for example, the UE 104, RX processor 356, or controller / processor 359 can execute the L1 measurement component 140 or the measurement component 144 to measure a signal transmitted from a candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, at sub-block 1322, block 1320 can optionally include: measuring a signal from an intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell without a measurement gap when the reception timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is less than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, at sub-block 1324, block 1320 can optionally include: measuring a signal from an intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell using a symbol gap for reception timing adjustment when the reception timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is greater than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, at sub-block 1326, block 1320 can optionally include: measuring a signal from an intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell with a fixed measurement gap. In some implementations, at sub-block 1328, block 1320 can optionally include: measuring a signal from an intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell using a measurement gap configured based on the reported UE capabilities and the reception timing difference between the current serving cell and the candidate cell. Accordingly, the UE 104, RX processor 356, or controller / processor 359 that executes the L1 measurement component 140 or the measurement component 144 can provide a unit for measuring a signal transmitted from a candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

[0118] At block 1330, method 1300 may optionally include: sending an L1 CSI report including measurements of candidate cells. In some implementations, for example, UE 104, TX processor 368, or controller / processor 359 may execute L1 measurement component 140 or reporting component 146 to send an L1 CSI report including measurements of candidate cells. Thus, UE 104, TX processor 368, or controller / processor 359 that executes L1 measurement component 140 or reporting component 146 may provide a unit for sending an L1 CSI report including measurements of candidate cells.

[0119] Figure 14 Is a flowchart of an example method 1400 for a network node to configure a UE to perform L1 measurements of candidate cells. Method 1400 may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, which may include memory 376 and may be the entire base station 102 or a component of base station 102, such as measurement control component 120, TX processor 316, RX processor 370, or controller / processor 375). Method 1400 may be performed by measurement control component 120 that communicates with L1 measurement component 140 of UE 104.

[0120] At block 1410, method 1400 includes: transmitting, from a current serving cell, a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of a candidate cell, wherein the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, for example, base station 102, TX processor 316, or controller / processor 375 may execute measurement control component 120 or configure Tx component 122 to transmit, from the current serving cell, a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of a candidate cell, wherein the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are configured in an active downlink BWP of the current serving cell, wherein at least one of a scrambling seed, an alignment point A configuration, a subcarrier spacing, a center frequency, or an SFN offset is different from that of the current serving cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell have the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resources for the serving cell. In some implementations, the CSI-RS resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are in the active BWP of the current serving cell or have the same SFN offset as the current serving cell. In some implementations, at sub-block 1412, block 1410 may optionally include: transmitting a CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell are labeled with an additional PCI index. The additional PCI index may be linked to the configuration of candidate cell 930. In some implementations, the configuration of candidate cell 930 indicates one or more of the following: alignment of SFN; EIRP offset relative to the current serving cell; scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; whether the candidate cell is configured with symbol-level gaps or SMTC; or an assumed reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell. In some implementations, the configuration of an inter-frequency candidate cell includes reference frequency CSI-RS. In some implementations, the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information. In some implementations, at sub-block 1414, block 1410 may optionally include: transmitting candidate cell configuration 940 including a configuration of CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell. In some implementations, the RRC configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to an SSB or CSI-RS configured for mobility. The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB may include a set of SSBs to be measured. The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of an inter-frequency candidate cell may include SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the candidate cell among frequencies may further include an associated measurement gap configuration. In some implementations, the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing. In some implementations, the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information. Accordingly, the base station 102, the TX processor 316, or the controller / processor 375 that executes the measurement control component 120 or configures the Tx component 122 may provide a unit for configuring CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of a candidate cell to be transmitted from the current serving cell, where the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

[0121] At block 1420, method 1400 includes: receiving an L1 CSI report including measurements of a candidate cell. In some implementations, for example, the base station 102, the RX processor 370, or the controller / processor 375 may execute the measurement control component 120 or the reporting Rx component 124 to receive an L1 CSI report including measurements of a candidate cell. Accordingly, the base station 102, the RX processor 370, or the controller / processor 375 that executes the measurement control component 120 or the reporting Rx component 124 may provide a unit for receiving an L1 CSI report including measurements of a candidate cell.

[0122] The numbered clauses below provide an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:

[0123] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), including: receiving, from a current serving cell, a configuration of channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resources for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell; and measuring a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

[0124] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are configured in an active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, where at least one of a scrambling seed, an alignment point A configuration, a subcarrier spacing, a center frequency, or a system frame number (SFN) offset is different from the current serving cell.

[0125] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell have the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resources for the serving cell.

[0126] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for the intra-frequency candidate cell's L1 measurement is in the active BWP of the current serving cell or has the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

[0127] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1-4, wherein the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource received from the current serving cell for the L1 measurement of the candidate cell includes: receiving the CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for the L1 measurement of the candidate cell is marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

[0128] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

[0129] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: alignment of the SFN; effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; BWP setting of the candidate cell; whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or a SSB measurement timing configuration SMTC; or the assumed reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

[0130] Aspect 8: The method according to aspect 6 or 7, wherein the configuration of the inter-frequency candidate cell includes a reference frequency CSI-RS.

[0131] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0132] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1-4, wherein the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource received from the current serving cell for the L1 measurement of the candidate cell includes: receiving a candidate cell configuration including the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for the L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

[0133] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the radio resource control (RRC) configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

[0134] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB includes a set of SSBs to be measured.

[0135] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 11 or 12, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell includes an SSB frequency, an SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

[0136] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

[0137] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 11, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

[0138] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 11, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: a subcarrier spacing, a power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0139] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 1-16, wherein measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: when the reception timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is less than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell without a measurement gap.

[0140] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 1-16, wherein measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: when the reception timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is greater than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell using a symbol gap for reception timing adjustment.

[0141] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 1-16, wherein measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell with a fixed measurement gap.

[0142] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 - 16, wherein measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell by using a measurement gap configured based on the reported UE capabilities and the reception timing difference between the current serving cell and the candidate cell.

[0143] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 - 16, wherein measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: determining a total gap based on the sum or the maximum value thereof of a measurement gap for frequency tuning and a symbol gap for timing adjustment.

[0144] Aspect 22: A method for wireless communication at a network node, including: transmitting, from a current serving cell, a configuration of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) measurement resource for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell, wherein the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell; and receiving an L1 report including measurements of the candidate cell.

[0145] Aspect 23: The method according to Aspect 22, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell is configured in the active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, wherein at least one of a scrambling seed, an alignment point A configuration, a subcarrier spacing, a center frequency, or a system frame number (SFN) offset is different from that of the current serving cell.

[0146] Aspect 24: The method according to Aspect 22, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell has the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resource for the serving cell.

[0147] Aspect 25: The method according to Aspect 24, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the intra-frequency candidate cell is in the active BWP of the current serving cell or has the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

[0148] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 22-25, wherein the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell sent from the current serving cell comprises: sending a CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell is marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

[0149] Aspect 27: The method according to aspect 26, wherein the additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

[0150] Aspect 28: The method according to aspect 27, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: alignment of the SFN; effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; BWP setting of the candidate cell; whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or SSB measurement timing configuration SMTC; or an assumed reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

[0151] Aspect 29: The method according to aspect 27 or 28, wherein the configuration of the inter-frequency candidate cell comprises a reference frequency CSI-RS.

[0152] Aspect 30: The method according to aspect 29, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0153] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of aspects 22-25, wherein the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell sent from the current serving cell comprises: sending a candidate cell configuration comprising the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

[0154] Aspect 32: The method according to aspect 31, wherein the radio resource control (RRC) configuration comprises a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

[0155] Aspect 33: The method according to aspect 32, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB comprises a set of SSBs to be measured.

[0156] Aspect 34: The method according to aspect 32 or 33, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell comprises the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

[0157] Aspect 35: The method according to aspect 34, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

[0158] Aspect 36: The method according to aspect 32, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

[0159] Aspect 37: The method according to aspect 32, wherein the reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

[0160] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories that store computer-executable instructions, individually or in combination; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured, individually or in combination, to: execute the computer-executable instructions to perform instructions for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1-21.

[0161] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories that store computer-executable instructions, individually or in combination; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to perform the method according to any one of aspects 22-37.

[0162] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21.

[0163] Aspect 41: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of aspects 22 to 37.

[0164] Aspect 42: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1-21.

[0165] Aspect 43: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a network entity, cause the network entity to perform the method according to any one of aspects 22-37.

[0166] As used herein, the phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. By way of example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, and a - b - c.

[0167] The various illustrative logical, logical block, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally in terms of functionality and illustrated above in various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0168] The hardware and data processing apparatus for implementing the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using a general - purpose single - chip or multi - chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application - specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field - programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is designed to perform the functions described herein. A general - purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, micro - controller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). In some implementations, specific processes and methods may be performed by circuitry specific to a given function.

[0169] In one or more aspects, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuits, computer software, firmware (including the structures disclosed in this specification and structural equivalents thereof), or any combination thereof. The implementation of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a computer storage medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data - processing apparatus.

[0170] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. The processes of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module residing on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both a computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that can facilitate transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Additionally, any connection may be properly termed a computer-readable medium. As used herein, "disk" and "optical disk" include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disk, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks utilize lasers to optically reproduce data. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Further, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or collection of codes and instructions on a machine-readable medium and a computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0171] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0172] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that, for ease of description of the figures, terms such as "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used, and these indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figures on a properly oriented page and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.

[0173] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, the various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented separately or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations. In addition, although some features are described above as working in a particular combination and even initially claimed as such, in some cases, one or more features from the claimed combination can be cut out from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of the sub-combination.

[0174] Similarly, although operations are depicted in the figures in a particular order, this should not be construed as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or that all of the illustrated operations be performed to achieve the desired result. Further, the figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flowchart illustration. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated into the example processes that are schematically shown. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the operations that are shown. In certain cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of the various system components in the implementations described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other implementations are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Receive the configuration of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measurement resources for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell from the current serving cell; And Measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell are configured in the active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, where at least one of the scrambling seed, alignment point A configuration, subcarrier spacing, center frequency, or system frame number (SFN) offset is different from that of the current serving cell.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell have the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resources for the serving cell.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the intra-frequency candidate cell are in the active BWP of the current serving cell or have the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell includes: receiving the CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, where the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell are marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: Alignment of the SFN; Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; Scrambling sequence; The BWP setting of the candidate cell; Whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement timing configuration (SMTC); or The assumed reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The configuration of an inter-frequency candidate cell includes reference frequency CSI-RS.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell includes: receiving a candidate cell configuration including the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The radio resource control (RRC) configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB includes a set of SSBs to be measured.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of an inter-frequency candidate cell includes the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: when the received timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is less than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell without a measurement gap.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein,Measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: when the received timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is greater than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell using a symbol gap for receive timing adjustment.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell with a fixed measurement gap.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: measuring the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell using a measurement gap configured based on the reported UE capability and the received timing difference between the current serving cell and the candidate cell.

21. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Measuring the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell includes: determining a total gap based on the sum or the maximum value of a measurement gap for frequency tuning and a symbol gap for timing adjustment.

22. A method for wireless communication at a network node, comprising: Configuring a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measurement resource for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell transmitted from a current serving cell, where the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell; and Receiving an L1 CSI report including measurements of the candidate cell.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell is configured in the active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, where at least one of the scrambling seed, alignment point A configuration, subcarrier spacing, center frequency, or system frame number (SFN) offset is different from that of the current serving cell.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an intra-frequency candidate cell has the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resource for the serving cell.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of in-frequency candidate cells are in the active BWP of the current serving cell or have the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

26. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The configuration for transmitting the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell includes: transmitting the CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, wherein the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell are marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein, The additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: Alignment of SFN; Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; Scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; Whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement timing configuration (SMTC); or Hypothetical receive timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

29. The method according to claim 27, wherein, The configuration of the inter-frequency candidate cell includes a reference frequency CSI-RS.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

31. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The configuration for transmitting the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell includes: transmitting a candidate cell configuration including the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, The radio resource control (RRC) configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB includes a set of SSBs to be measured.

34. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell includes the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-frequency candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

36. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

37. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

38. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more memories, storing computer-executable instructions individually or in combination; And One or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories and configured individually or in combination to: execute the computer-executable instructions to perform the instructions to perform the following operations: Receive, from a current serving cell, a configuration of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measurement resources for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell; And Measure a signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an in-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell.

39. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an in-band candidate cell is configured in the active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, where at least one of the scrambling seed, alignment point A configuration, subcarrier spacing, center frequency, or system frame number (SFN) offset is different from that of the current serving cell.

40. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of an in-band candidate cell has the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resource for the serving cell.

41. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the in-band candidate cell is in the active BWP of the current serving cell or has the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

42. The method according to claim 38, wherein, To receive the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to perform the following operations, individually or in combination: receive the CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, where the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell is marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

43. The apparatus according to claim 42, wherein, The additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

44. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: Alignment of the SFN; Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; Scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; Whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or a SSB measurement timing configuration (SMTC); or Hypothetical reception timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

45. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein, The configuration of an inter-band candidate cell includes a reference frequency CSI-RS.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

47. For the apparatus according to claim 38, in order to receive the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: receive a candidate cell configuration including the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resources for L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

48. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein, The radio resource control (RRC) configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

49. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein,The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB includes a set of SSBs to be measured.

50. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-band candidate cell includes the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

51. The apparatus according to claim 50, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-band candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

52. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

53. The apparatus according to claim 48, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

54. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein, To measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: When the received timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is less than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measure the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell without a measurement gap.

55. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein, To measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: When the received timing difference between the intra-frequency candidate cell and the current serving cell is greater than the cyclic prefix length of the SCS for the intra-frequency candidate cell, measure the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell within the active BWP of the current serving cell using a symbol gap for reception timing adjustment.

56. The method according to claim 38, wherein, To measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: Measure the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell with a fixed measurement gap.

57. The method according to claim 38, wherein, To measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: Measure the signal from the intra-frequency candidate cell outside the active BWP of the current serving cell using a measurement gap configured based on the reported UE capabilities and the received timing difference between the current serving cell and the candidate cell.

58. The method according to claim 38, wherein, To measure the signal transmitted from the candidate cell based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: Measure the determined total gap based on the sum or the maximum of the measurement gap for frequency tuning and the measurement gap for timing adjustment.

59. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more memories, storing computer-executable instructions, individually or in combination; And One or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories and configured, individually or in combination, to: execute the computer-executable instructions to perform the operations of: Transmit, from the current serving cell, a configuration of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) measurement resources for layer 1 (L1) measurement of a candidate cell, where the configuration is based on whether the candidate cell is an intra-frequency candidate cell or an inter-frequency candidate cell; and Receive an L1 CSI report including measurements of the candidate cell.

60. The apparatus according to claim 59, wherein, The CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of in-band candidate cells is configured in the active downlink bandwidth part (BWP) of the current serving cell, where at least one of the scrambling seed, alignment point A configuration, subcarrier spacing, center frequency, or system frame number (SFN) offset is different from that of the current serving cell.

61. The apparatus according to claim 60, wherein, The CSI-RS resource for L1 measurement of in-band candidate cells has the same center frequency and the same subcarrier spacing as the CSI-RS resource for the serving cell.

62. The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein, The CSI-RS resource for L1 measurement of the in-band candidate cells is in the active BWP of the current serving cell or has the same SFN offset as the current serving cell.

63. The method according to claim 59, wherein, To transmit the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: transmit the CSI-RS measurement configuration of the current serving cell, where the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell is marked with an additional physical cell identifier (PCI) index.

64. The apparatus according to claim 63, wherein, The additional PCI index is linked to the configuration of the candidate cell.

65. The apparatus according to claim 64, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: Alignment of the SFN; Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) offset relative to the current serving cell; Scrambling sequence; BWP setting of the candidate cell; Whether the candidate cell is configured with a symbol-level gap or SSB measurement timing configuration (SMTC); or Hypothetical receive timing difference between the candidate cell and the current serving cell.

66. The device according to claim 64, wherein, The configuration of the inter-band candidate cell includes a reference frequency CSI-RS.

67. The device according to claim 66, wherein, The configuration of the candidate cell indicates one or more of the following: measurement gap configuration, subcarrier spacing, power offset, SFN alignment with the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

68. The device according to claim 59, wherein, To transmit the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell from the current serving cell, the one or more processors are configured, individually or in combination, to perform the following operations: transmit a candidate cell configuration including the configuration of the CSI-RS measurement resource for L1 measurement of the candidate cell.

69. The device according to claim 68, wherein, The radio resource control (RRC) configuration includes a reference signal configuration corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS configured for mobility.

70. The device according to claim 69, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB includes a set of SSBs to be measured.

71. The device according to claim 69, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-band candidate cell includes the SSB frequency, SSB subcarrier spacing, and SMTC.

72. The device according to claim 71, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the SSB of the inter-band candidate cell further includes an associated measurement gap configuration.

73. The device according to claim 69, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes a reference cell index identifying a reference cell for timing.

74. The device according to claim 69, wherein, The reference signal configuration corresponding to the CSI-RS includes one or more of the following: subcarrier spacing, power offset, alignment with the SFN of the serving cell, or bandwidth part information.

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