Planting method for effectively relieving continuous cropping obstacles of gastrodia elata

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method for effectively relieving continuous cropping obstacles of gastrodia elata, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the method, soil is pretreated through the compound matrix, then the microbial agent is used during gastrodia elata planting, and therefore normal growth of under-forest imitated wild gastrodia elata is guaranteed, harm of continuous cropping obstacles to gastrodia elata is inhibited, gastrodia elata diseases are reduced, and the yield and quality of gastrodia elata are guaranteed. The gastrodia elata can be continuously planted in the same land after four to five years of fallow after the gastrodia elata is planted, and by adopting the method for planting the gastrodia elata, the yield of the gastrodia elata planted in the land fallow for one year can be increased by 181.42%-236.28% and is only reduced by 14.41%-28.37% compared with the yield of the gastrodia elata planted for the first time. By means of the method, the problem that under-forest land resources are limited due to continuous cropping obstacles of the gastrodia elata can be effectively solved, and large-scale under-forest wild-imitating planting industry of the gastrodia elata is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically relates to a planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata Bl.. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata Bl. is a plant of the genus Gastrodia in the Orchidaceae family. It is mainly used to treat symptoms such as headache and dizziness, infantile convulsions, paralysis of hands and feet, epilepsy, convulsions, and tetanus. It is a traditional precious Chinese medicinal material in China. At present, Gastrodia elata Bl. mainly comes from understory semi-wild cultivation. Gastrodia elata Bl. is suitable for planting under broad-leaved or shrub forests at an altitude of 800 - 2200 m, with an air humidity of 70% - 80%, an average annual temperature of 10 - 25°C, loose and breathable soil, slightly acidic to neutral soil rich in organic matter, and a canopy density of 0.6 - 0.7. Moreover, Gastrodia elata Bl. is a heterotrophic plant without roots and leaves, and completely depends on the symbiotic relationship with Armillaria mellea to obtain nutrients. It requires a large amount of fungus wood, and has relatively high requirements for the tree species of the fungus wood, mainly broad-leaved trees such as oak, chestnut, birch, and liquidambar, and camphor tree, pine tree, cypress tree, etc. are not suitable. Therefore, there are not many forest lands suitable for planting Gastrodia elata Bl..

[0003] The continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata Bl. for a long time will lead to the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, resulting in the imbalance of the bacterial community, the accumulation of autotoxic substances, the decline in the activity of Armillaria mellea, and the overconsumption of humus and specific trace elements required by Armillaria mellea, etc., causing the rot of Gastrodia elata Bl. tubers, the reduction of yield, and even crop failure. Therefore, Gastrodia elata Bl. avoids continuous cropping. Generally, the land needs to be fallow for four to five years before Gastrodia elata Bl. can be planted again, which makes the medicinal farmers who plant Gastrodia elata Bl. often change forest lands, resulting in low utilization rate of forest lands and high economic costs. Therefore, improving the soil and alleviating the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata Bl. are urgent problems to be solved in the current Gastrodia elata Bl. industry.

[0004] In recent years, people have carried out relevant research on the continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata Bl., but most of them are the analysis of the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community in continuous cropping, and there are few reports on soil repair and improvement methods. In the patent application No. 2023104379533, corn is sown on the Armillaria mellea bed in the Gastrodia elata Bl. planting area, and Gastrodia elata Bl. is planted after harvesting the corn. The contents of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, etc. are higher than those of the traditional method, but the terrain of this patent is more suitable for slightly flat land. Corn is not suitable for planting under the forest, and there is a large gap from the understory planting of this patent. The patent application No. 2018111881665 mainly provides a method for culturing Armillaria mellea wood for Gastrodia elata Bl. planting. The selected plot is a hillside land, not understory planting and continuous cropping soil. At the same time, the soil selected by this method is the soil after one year of fallow after understory Gastrodia elata Bl. planting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the present invention proposes a planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata Bl., which can ensure the normal growth of understory semi-wild Gastrodia elata Bl., inhibit the harm of continuous cropping obstacles to Gastrodia elata Bl., reduce the occurrence of Gastrodia elata Bl. diseases, and ensure the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata Bl..

[0006] The present invention is specifically implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Soil pretreatment:

[0009] Plow the planting soil and remove the old fungus materials in the soil; then spread a composite substrate in the soil and mix it evenly with the soil; divide the evenly mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the nest, and the other part is used to cover the planted Gastrodia elata;

[0010] (2) Laying of fungus materials:

[0011] After leveling the soil into which the composite substrate is scattered, place the cultivated Armillaria mellea fungus materials in the nest at intervals of 3-4 cm in width, and compact the fungus materials to avoid leaving gaps with the bottom of the nest.

[0012] (3) Application of microbial inoculant:

[0013] Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and sandy soil in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.5:1-2:0.8-1.5:15-25 to form a microbial inoculant, and evenly spread the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea fungus materials;

[0014] (4) Planting:

[0015] Place the seed tubers of Gastrodia elata close to the Armillaria mellea fungus materials with the apical buds facing upward, sprinkle semi-dry fern powder, so that the Gastrodia elata and the Armillaria mellea fungus materials are not visible, then evenly cover the fern with the soil evenly mixed in step (1), with a thickness of 2-4 cm being appropriate, and finally fill with ordinary soil to make it flush with the ground; finally, cover a layer of leaves for shading, with a thickness of 3-5 cm;

[0016] (5) Harvesting.

[0017] Preferably, the composite substrate in step (1) is composed of at least two of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder.

[0018] More preferably, the composite substrate in step (1) is composed of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder in a mass ratio of 10-20:10-20:0.6-1.2:0.4-1:0.3-0.6.

[0019] Preferably, 80-200 g of the composite substrate is spread in each square meter of soil in step (1).

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the Armillaria mellea fungus material is prepared by placing Armillaria mellea around the wood and culturing for 4 - 6 months to allow Armillaria mellea to infect the wood; the length of the Armillaria mellea fungus material is 10 - 15 cm, and the diameter is 50 - 70 cm.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), the spore number of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant is about 110 spores / g, the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 1 billion / g, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 20 billion / g.

[0022] Preferably, the microbial inoculant is applied at a rate of 20 - 50 g / m 2 by broadcasting.

[0023] Preferably, the seed rhizomes are first-generation seed rhizomes without damage and pests, and the single weight of the seed rhizomes is 10 - 20 g.

[0024] Preferably, the leaves in step (4) are pine needles or fern grass.

[0025] Preferably, the harvesting time is from October of the current year to March of the next year.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention provides a planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata. Generally, the general Gastrodia elata planting method requires fallow for four to five years after planting Gastrodia elata for one year before continuing to plant Gastrodia elata. After planting Gastrodia elata using the method of the present invention, planting Gastrodia elata after fallow for one year can increase the yield of Gastrodia elata by 181.42% - 236.28% compared with the yield of planting Gastrodia elata without treating the soil after fallow for one year, and only reduce the yield by 14.41% - 28.37% compared with the yield of planting Gastrodia elata for the first time. Using the present invention can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata and promote the large-scale development of the underforest wild imitation planting industry of Gastrodia elata. Detailed implementation mode

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred implementation modes of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] (1) Soil pretreatment: Select the soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, plow it, pick out the old fungus materials and discard them, broadcast a composite substrate composed of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder in a mass ratio of 10:10, apply 100 g per square meter, mix it with the soil, divide the mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the nest, and the other part is used for covering after placing the seed rhizomes.

[0031] (2) Laying the fungus logs: After raking and leveling the soil into which the composite substrate has been scattered, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungus logs (10 cm in length and 60 cm in diameter) in the nest cavities at intervals of 3 - 4 cm in width.

[0032] (3) Application of microbial inoculant: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant (about 110 spores / g), Trichoderma harzianum (1 billion viable bacteria / g), Bacillus subtilis (20 billion viable bacteria / g), and sandy soil in a ratio of 1:1:1:20 to form a microbial inoculant, and scatter the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea fungus logs at a rate of 20 g / m 2 dosage.

[0033] (4) Select high-quality first-generation seed tubers (weighing more than 10 g each) without damage or pests and diseases, place them closely against the Armillaria mellea fungus logs with the apical buds facing upward, sprinkle the pre-prepared crushed fern grass on them so that the Gastrodia elata and the Armillaria mellea fungus logs are not visible, then evenly cover the second portion of the soil of the composite substrate on the fern grass to a thickness of about 2 cm, and finally fill with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover with a layer of pine needles for shading to a thickness of about 5 cm.

[0034] (5) Harvesting: Harvest Gastrodia elata around October to March of the following year.

[0035] Using this method to plant Gastrodia elata can yield 3.18 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, among which the total weight of commercial tubers is 2.43 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial tubers is 134 g.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] (1) Soil pre-treatment: Select the soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, turn over the soil, pick out the old fungus logs and discard them, scatter a composite substrate composed of corn straw charcoal and moringa leaf powder in a mass ratio of 15:0.8 at a rate of 150 g per square meter, mix it with the soil, divide the mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the nest cavity, and the other part is used for covering after placing the seed tubers.

[0038] (2) Laying the fungus logs: After raking and leveling the soil into which the improved substrate 1 has been scattered, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungus logs (10 cm in length and 60 cm in diameter) in the nest cavities at intervals of 3 - 4 cm in width.

[0039] (3) Application of microbial inoculant: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant (about 110 spores / g), Trichoderma harzianum (1 billion viable bacteria / g), Bacillus subtilis (20 billion viable bacteria / g), and sandy soil in a ratio of 1:1.5:1:18 to form a microbial inoculant, and scatter the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea fungus logs at a rate of 30 g / m 2 dosage.

[0040] (4) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (single weight over 10 g) without damage, diseases, or pests, place it closely against the Armillaria mellea fungus material with the apical bud facing upwards, sprinkle the pre-prepared crushed fern grass on it until the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea fungus material are no longer visible, then evenly cover the fern grass with the second portion of soil containing Matrix 1 to a thickness of about 2 cm, and finally fill it with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover it with a layer of fern grass for shading to a thickness of about 5 cm.

[0041] (5) Harvesting: Harvest Gastrodia elata around October to March of the following year.

[0042] Using this method to plant Gastrodia elata can yield 3.34 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, among which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 2.76 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 127 g.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] (1) Soil pretreatment: Select the soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata. After plowing, pick out the old fungus materials and discard them. Spread a composite matrix composed of corn straw charcoal, marigold powder, and moringa leaf powder in a mass ratio of 20:15:1.0, 200 g per square meter, and mix it with the soil. Divide the mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the nest, and the other part is used for covering after placing the seed hemp.

[0045] (2) Laying the fungus material: After leveling the soil into which the composite matrix has been spread, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungus material (10 cm long, 60 cm in diameter) in the nest at intervals of 3 - 4 cm in width.

[0046] (3) Application of microbial inoculant: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant (spore number about 110 per g), Trichoderma harzianum (effective viable bacteria number 1 billion per g), Bacillus subtilis (effective viable bacteria number 20 billion per g), and sandy soil in a ratio of 1.5:2:1:25 to form a microbial inoculant, and sprinkle the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea fungus material at a dosage of 45 g / m 2 according to the dosage.

[0047] (4) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (single weight over 10 g) without damage, diseases, or pests, place it closely against the microbial inoculant fungus material with the apical bud facing upwards, sprinkle the pre-prepared crushed fern grass on it until the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea fungus material are no longer visible, then evenly cover the fern grass with the second portion of soil containing Matrix 1 to a thickness of about 2 cm, and finally fill it with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover it with a layer of pine needles for shading to a thickness of about 5 cm.

[0048] (5) Harvesting: Harvest Gastrodia elata around October to March of the following year.

[0049] Using this method to plant Gastrodia elata can yield 3.80 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, among which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 3.43 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 183 g.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] (1) Soil treatment: Select the forest soil where Gastrodia elata has never been planted and plow it.

[0052] (2) Laying of fungus logs: After leveling the soil, lay the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungus logs (10 cm in length and 60 cm in diameter) in the nest at intervals of 3 - 4 cm in width.

[0053] (3) Select high-quality first-generation seed tubers (single weight over 10 g) without damage and pests and diseases, place them closely against the Armillaria mellea fungus logs with the apical buds facing upwards, sprinkle the pre-prepared crushed fern grass, making sure the Gastrodia elata and the Armillaria mellea fungus logs are not visible, with a thickness of about 3 cm, then fill the soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover a layer of pine needles for shading, with a thickness of about 5 cm.

[0054] (4) Harvesting: Harvest Gastrodia elata around October to March of the following year.

[0055] The Gastrodia elata planted by this method can yield 4.44 kg per square meter, among which the total weight of commercial tubers is 3.66 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial tubers is 199 g.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] (1) Soil treatment: Select the soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, plow it and pick out the old fungus logs and discard them.

[0058] (2) Laying of fungus logs: After leveling the soil, lay the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungus logs (10 cm in length and 60 cm in diameter) in the nest at intervals of 3 - 4 cm in width.

[0059] (3) Select high-quality first-generation seed tubers (single weight over 10 g) without damage and pests and diseases, place them closely against the Armillaria mellea fungus logs with the apical buds facing upwards, sprinkle the pre-prepared crushed fern grass, making sure the Gastrodia elata and the Armillaria mellea fungus logs are not visible, with a thickness of about 3 cm, then fill the soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover a layer of pine needles, fern grass or fallen leaves for shading, with a thickness of about 5 cm.

[0060] (4) Harvesting: Harvest Gastrodia elata around October to March of the following year.

[0061] The Gastrodia elata planted by this method can yield 1.13 kg per square meter, among which the total weight of commercial tubers is 1.49 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial tubers is 97 g.

[0062] The analysis results of the effects of different treatment methods on the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below. After treating the soil with the composite substrate and then applying the microbial inoculant, the soil organic matter content, available phosphorus, available potassium, salt content, etc. are not much different from those in Comparative Example 1, and the difference is even greater compared with Comparative Example 2. However, the pH values of the 5 soils are not significantly different, and the conductivity values are not significantly different. The alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the examples is higher than that in the control examples. Among acid protease, urease, sucrase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase, the content in Comparative Example 2 is the lowest, and that in Example 3 is relatively close to that in Comparative Example 1. Among acid phosphatase, the content in Comparative Example 2 is the highest, and that in Comparative Example 1 is the lowest. The 3 examples are similar to Comparative Example 1, indicating that this method can improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil and can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata Blume.

[0063] Table 1 Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soil for Gastrodia elata Blume Planting

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 Changes in the Soil Enzyme Activities before and after Gastrodia elata Blume Planting

[0066]

[0067] The described embodiments above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Soil pretreatment: Plow the planting soil and remove the old fungus materials in the soil; then spread a composite substrate in the soil and mix it evenly with the soil; divide the evenly mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the nest hole, and the other part is used to cover the gastrodia elata after planting; (2) Laying fungus materials: After raking and leveling the soil into which the composite substrate is sprinkled, place the cultivated armillaria mellea fungus materials in the nest hole at an interval of 2-4 cm in width, and compact the fungus materials to avoid leaving gaps with the bottom of the nest hole (3) Application of microbial inoculant: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, and sandy soil into a microbial inoculant according to a mass ratio of 0.8-1.5:1-2:0.8-1.5:15-25, and evenly sprinkle the microbial inoculant around the armillaria mellea fungus materials; (4) Planting: Place the seed tubers of gastrodia elata close to the armillaria mellea fungus materials with the apical buds facing upwards, sprinkle semi-dry fern powder, so that the gastrodia elata and the armillaria mellea fungus materials are not visible, then evenly cover the fern with the soil evenly mixed in step (1), with a thickness of 2-4 cm being appropriate, and finally fill with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground; finally, cover a layer of leaves for shading, with a thickness of 3-5 cm; (5) Harvesting.

2. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite substrate described in step (1) is composed of at least two of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder.

3. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composite substrate described in step (1) is composed of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder according to a mass ratio of 10-20:10-20:0.6-1.2:0.4-1:0.3-0.

6.

4. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), 80-200 g of the composite substrate is spread per square meter of soil.

5. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the armillaria mellea fungus materials are prepared by placing armillaria mellea around the wood and culturing for 4-6 months to allow armillaria mellea to infect the wood; the armillaria mellea fungus materials are 10-15 cm in length and 50-70 cm in diameter.

6. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the spore number of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant is about 110 spores / g, the effective viable count of trichoderma harzianum is 1 billion / g, and the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 20 billion / g.

7. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein, The microbial inoculant is broadcast at a rate of 20 - 50 g / m 2 ².

8. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed tubers of gastrodia elata are first-generation seed tubers without damage and pests and diseases, and the single weight of the seed tubers of gastrodia elata is 10-20 g.

9. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein, The leaves in step (4) are pine needles or ferns.

10. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting time is from October of the current year to March of the next year.

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