Two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation three-dimensional display system and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation three-dimensional display system and an implementation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display. The system comprises a one-dimensional light control array and a display panel. The one-dimensional light control array comprises a plurality of one-dimensional light control elements which are arranged in parallel; the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged periodically, and each pixel unit comprises a plurality of sub-pixels; each pixel unit comprises sub-pixels of R, G and B channels; the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows in the display panel are arranged in a staggered manner, and the sub-pixels in adjacent rows in the display panel are arranged in a staggered manner; the one-dimensional light control element is obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle is matched with the arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, so that cooperative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax is realized. The problem that in the prior art, it is difficult to achieve cooperative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax while crosstalk is reduced is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important branch in the field of autostereoscopic three-dimensional display, the light field display technology has received extensive attention in recent years because it can accurately simulate the light field distribution in the real world. However, the existing light field display technologies face many challenges in realizing the collaborative modulation of horizontal and vertical parallax. Taking the integral imaging light field display technology as an example, this technology captures and reproduces three-dimensional scenes through two-dimensional light control elements. Although it can construct full parallax and continuous and smooth viewpoint information, the inherent resource bandwidth product of the display (i.e., the pixel density resource of the display panel) limits the resolution of the display plane, and there are also limitations in the display viewing angle and depth.

[0003] Research content and limitations of existing three-dimensional display technologies in parallax collaborative modulation: In traditional three-dimensional display systems, the sub-pixel arrangement of liquid crystal display panels (LCDs) is usually a periodic red, green, blue (RGB) arrangement. In a light field display system based on a one-dimensional light control element, when the inclination angle of the one-dimensional light control element is designed to be 45° from the axis, it will bring different degrees of crosstalk to the voxel generation process in the two-dimensional direction. This kind of crosstalk is called structural crosstalk, which has nothing to do with the optical characteristics of the system, exists in the entire viewing range, and the degree of each viewpoint is the same. In addition, in optical design, due to the difference in pixel arrangement in the two-dimensional direction, the design based on the horizontal direction will lead to a decrease in angular resolution in the vertical direction, and ultimately lead to a reduction in depth of field; while the design based on the vertical direction will cause serious waste of information resources in the horizontal direction. This difference in optical design brings inconvenience to the three-dimensional reconstruction and seriously affects the reconstruction quality of the three-dimensional light field.

[0004] The crosstalk problem is difficult to effectively solve: Although many methods for reducing crosstalk have been proposed, currently there is no method that can take into account the difference in optical design while reducing structural crosstalk to achieve the collaborative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax in a light field display. Traditional methods for reducing crosstalk mainly focus on optimizing the parameters of optical elements, adjusting pixel arrangement, etc. However, these methods often only focus on the problem of parallax collaborative modulation in one direction and ignore the collaborative modulation in the other direction. For example, some methods reduce crosstalk in the horizontal direction by increasing the pixel pitch, but this will lead to a decrease in pixel density in the vertical direction, thereby affecting the parallax effect in the vertical direction. Therefore, how to achieve the collaborative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax while reducing crosstalk is still an urgent problem to be solved.

[0005] Performance bottlenecks caused by optical design differences: Due to the differences in pixel arrangement in two-dimensional directions, there are obvious differences in the optical design of existing three-dimensional display systems. This difference not only leads to different angular resolutions in two-dimensional directions but also affects the depth of field and parallax effect of the display system. For example, in the design based on the horizontal direction, the angular resolution in the vertical direction decreases, resulting in a reduced depth of field and making the quality of the three-dimensional visual effect in the vertical direction inferior to that in the horizontal direction. In the design based on the vertical direction, the serious waste of information resources in the horizontal direction leads to the inability to fully utilize the overall performance of the display system. This performance bottleneck caused by optical design differences severely restricts the development and application of three-dimensional display technology.

[0006] Limitations of display depth and visible range: Existing three-dimensional display technologies have obvious deficiencies in terms of display depth and visible range. For example, although real-time holographic three-dimensional display technology can display full-parallax color three-dimensional images, its display depth and visible range are still limited by optical components and computing power. In addition, although the depth-of-field optimization method for raster three-dimensional display based on three-dimensional point clouds can extend the depth of field to a certain extent, there are limitations in the comprehensive performance of existing technologies, and it is difficult to achieve a clear depth of field exceeding 1 meter. Therefore, how to effectively improve the display depth and visible range of three-dimensional display systems while co-modulating horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax remains an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, a three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax co-modulation and its implementation method provided by the present invention solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve the co-modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax while reducing crosstalk in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] Provide a three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax co-modulation, which includes a one-dimensional light control array and a display panel; the one-dimensional light control array includes a number of one-dimensional light control elements arranged in parallel; the display panel includes a number of pixel units arranged periodically, and each pixel unit includes a number of sub-pixels; each pixel unit contains sub-pixels of R, G, and B three channels; the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are staggered, and the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are misaligned; the one-dimensional light control elements are inclined, and the inclination angle matches the sub-pixel arrangement direction to achieve the co-modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax;

[0010] The display panel is used to load a multi-viewpoint synthesized encoded image, that is, to obtain the encoded information of the sub-pixels;

[0011] A one-dimensional light control element is used to control the refraction direction of light and generate volume pixels, that is, map the encoded information of sub-pixels into volume elements in three-dimensional space, thereby realizing three-dimensional display.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This staggered arrangement can make the space utilization rate higher. The matching of the one-dimensional light control element and the sub-pixels solves the crosstalk problem in the two-dimensional direction of the traditional arrangement, thereby significantly expanding the application range of the three-dimensional light field display technology in multi-angle viewing scenarios.

[0013] Further, the ratio of the size w of the sub-pixel in the horizontal light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array to the size h of the sub-pixel in the vertical light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array is w = kh, where 0.5 < k < 2.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: It can solve the influence brought by the matching error between the grating and the pixel inclination angle in the actual assembly process, realize the consistency of the two-dimensional optical blur spot reference, and significantly reduce the structural crosstalk.

[0015] Further, the sub-pixels in the display panel are divided into several sub-rectangular panels with the axial sub-pixel size of the one-dimensional light control element as the width and the axis as the length; there are no adjacent sub-pixels of the same color in any one sub-matrix panel; the number of sub-pixels included in each sub-rectangular panel is greater than or equal to the minimum light field generation density, that is, Δx ≤ 2w ′ 、Δy ≤ 2h ′ , and each rectangular panel contains at least one light-emitting sub-pixel; where w ′ and h ′ are the sub-pixel sizes in the horizontal direction and the vertical panel direction respectively.

[0016] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: It can suppress moiré and rainbow patterns and eliminate dark patterns, improving the display effect.

[0017] Further, the ratio constraint of the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient to the vertical parallax modulation coefficient is:

[0018] C x / C y = Δx·(tanα) / Δy

[0019] where C x / C y are the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient respectively;

[0020] The dynamic allocation of two-dimensional parallax weights is realized by adjusting Δx, Δy and α;

[0021] The pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array and the sub-rectangular panel spacing are constrained as:

[0022]

[0023] Where m is the matching factor, 1.2 ≤ m ≤ 1.8, and the processing error of the pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array is less than or equal to ±2 μm.

[0024] Furthermore, the one-dimensional light control element is a lenticular grating.

[0025] Furthermore, the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows are cyclically offset in the horizontal direction at a fixed period, and the starting positions in the column direction are dynamically adjusted according to odd and even rows, forming a θ-angle staggered matrix that matches the tilt direction of the one-dimensional light control element. The deviation between the tilt angle α of the one-dimensional light control element and the θ angle does not exceed ±3°, that is, α = θ ± 3°, to achieve a compatible parallax effect; where Δx and Δy are the horizontal and vertical spacings of adjacent sub-pixels respectively, and arctan(.) is the arctangent function.

[0026] Furthermore, a single pixel unit is a symmetric polygon structure, including a triangle composed of three adjacent sub-pixels, the smallest rhombus composed of four sub-pixels, and the smallest hexagon composed of six sub-pixels.

[0027] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the geometric parameters of the pixel unit with a symmetric polygon structure can match the pitch of the one-dimensional light control array, further ensuring the uniformity of the two-dimensional light distribution, and further realizing the coordinated modulation distribution of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes an eye tracking module for adjusting the mapping relationship of the encoded information of the sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction, generating real-time corrected voxel coordinates, and providing an independent viewing area for each viewer.

[0029] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the eye tracking module can dynamically adjust the display content according to the position of the viewer, expand the display depth and stereoscopic viewing angle, and provide an independent viewing area for each viewer.

[0030] Provided is a method for realizing two-dimensional parallax co-modulation of a three-dimensional display system based on two-dimensional parallax co-modulation, which includes the following steps:

[0031] Stagger the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel, and misalign the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel;

[0032] Set a one-dimensional light control array on the upper surface of the display panel, determine the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient, and make the tilt angle of the one-dimensional light control element match the sub-pixel arrangement direction;

[0033] Obtain the encoded information of the sub-pixels;

[0034] Map the encoding information of sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, thereby realizing three-dimensional display.

[0035] Further, when mapping the encoding information of sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, the eye tracking module adjusts the mapping relationship of the encoding information of sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction to generate real-time corrected voxel coordinates, providing an independent viewing area for each viewer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the basic structure and optical path schematic diagram of this system;

[0037] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of sub-pixel arrangement;

[0038] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the balance of optical design under the staggered pixel structure;

[0039] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of low crosstalk under the staggered pixel structure;

[0040] Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of a triangular pixel unit composed of three adjacent sub-pixels;

[0041] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the smallest rhombic pixel unit composed of four sub-pixels;

[0042] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the smallest hexagonal pixel unit composed of six sub-pixels;

[0043] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display system including an eye tracking module;

[0044] Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the mapping relationship between a certain staggered sub-pixel and voxel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0046] Such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation includes a one-dimensional light control array and a display panel; the one-dimensional light control array includes a number of one-dimensional light control elements arranged in parallel; the display panel includes a number of pixel units arranged periodically, and each pixel unit includes a number of sub-pixels; each pixel unit contains sub-pixels of R, G, and B three channels; the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are staggered, and the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are misaligned; the one-dimensional light control element is inclined, and the inclination angle matches the sub-pixel arrangement direction to achieve the collaborative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax;

[0047] The display panel is used to load the multi-viewpoint synthesis encoded image, that is, to obtain the encoded information of the sub-pixels;

[0048] The one-dimensional light control element is used to control the light refraction direction and generate volume pixels, that is, to map the encoded information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, and then realize three-dimensional display.

[0049] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the proportional relationship between the size w of the sub-pixel in the horizontal light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array and the size h of the sub-pixel in the vertical light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array is w = kh, where 0.5 < k < 2. The included angle between the horizontal light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array and the horizontal direction is θ, the vertical light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array is the axial direction of the one-dimensional light control element, and the included angle with the remaining vertical direction is θ.

[0050] In this embodiment, the sub-pixels in the display panel are divided into a number of sub-rectangular panels with the sub-pixel size in the axial direction of the one-dimensional light control element as the width and the axis as the length; there are no adjacent same-color sub-pixels in any one sub-matrix panel. That is, for a certain set of sub-pixels P = {p1, p2,..., p i ,…, p m} of the sub-rectangular panel, there is no case where p i = p i+1 = … = p i+n-1 to avoid moiré patterns caused by continuous distribution of same-color sub-pixels. Where p i represents the i-th sub-pixel and its color, and n is greater than or equal to 2.

[0051] The number of sub-pixels contained in each sub-rectangular panel is greater than or equal to the minimum light field generation density, that is, Δx ≤ 2w ′ , Δy ≤ 2h ′ , and each rectangular panel contains at least one light-emitting sub-pixel, that is, the situation where all pixels in each rectangular panel do not emit light (all-black bottom plate) should not occur to eliminate dark lines; where w ′ and h ′ are the sub-pixel sizes in the horizontal direction and the vertical panel direction respectively.

[0052] In this embodiment, the ratio constraint of the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient to the vertical parallax modulation coefficient is:

[0053] C x / C y = Δx·(tanα) / Δy

[0054] where C x / C y are the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient respectively;

[0055] The dynamic allocation of the two-dimensional parallax weights is achieved by adjusting Δx, Δy and α;

[0056] The pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array and the spacing between sub-rectangular panels are constrained as:

[0057]

[0058] where m is a matching factor, 1.2 ≤ m ≤ 1.8, and the processing error of the pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array is less than or equal to ±2 μm.

[0059] In this embodiment, the one-dimensional light control element can adopt a lenticular grating.

[0060] In this embodiment, the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows are cyclically offset in the horizontal direction at a fixed period, and the starting positions in the column direction are dynamically adjusted according to odd and even rows, forming a θ-angle staggered matrix that matches the tilt direction of the one-dimensional light control element. The deviation between the tilt angle α of the one-dimensional light control element and the θ angle does not exceed ±3°, that is, α = θ ± 3°, to achieve a compatible parallax effect; where Δx and Δy are the horizontal and vertical spacings of adjacent sub-pixels respectively, and arctan(.) is the arctangent function.

[0061] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, a single pixel unit is a symmetric polygon structure, including a triangle composed of three adjacent sub-pixels, the smallest rhombus composed of four sub-pixels, and the smallest hexagon composed of six sub-pixels.

[0062] In the specific implementation process, the three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation further includes an eye tracking module, which is used to adjust the mapping relationship of the coding information of the sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction, generate real-time corrected voxel coordinates, and provide an independent viewing area for each viewer.

[0063] The human eye tracking module includes, but is not limited to, a feature extraction unit, a spatial mapping unit, and a dynamic compensation unit. Through the feature extraction unit, such as a depth camera (not limited to monocular vision sensors, binocular stereoscopic vision components, infrared light arrays, or MEMS scanning devices, etc.), the eye movements and line-of-sight directions of a single viewer are captured in real time, and the spatial coordinates (x k , y k , z k ) of the viewer are calculated. Through the spatial mapping unit, the display content is dynamically adjusted according to the position of the viewer, and the mapping relationship between sub-pixels and volume pixels is calculated in real time:

[0064] x = i·Δx·cosθ + γ·x0

[0065]

[0066] where (x0, y0) are the starting coordinates of the display panel, (i, j) are the sub-pixel coordinates, (x, y) are the volume pixel coordinates; f is the focal length of the one-dimensional light control element; γ is a correction coefficient ranging from 0.9 to 1.1, which is used to compensate for the perspective distortion caused by the viewing distance.

[0067] Through the dynamic compensation unit, the display content is dynamically adjusted: through the propagation of light in the three-dimensional display system, the mathematical mapping relationship between sub-pixels and the designed volume pixels is deduced and calculated, and the sub-pixel arrangement corresponding to each volume pixel of the parallax image seen by a viewer at a certain position is obtained. Then, according to the line-of-sight direction, the sub-pixel mapping relationship is dynamically adjusted to generate real-time corrected volume pixel coordinates Through real-time light field rendering, the perspective relationship of the viewing area where the viewer is located is corrected, so as to generate a correct and smooth 3D parallax image according to the movement of the viewer within a large horizontal field of view angle. As Figure 9 shown, the relationship between the outgoing light parameters of the one-dimensional light control array and the sub-pixel coordinates (i, j) is:

[0068]

[0069] where (x, y, z) are the spatial coordinates of the outgoing light; L is the mapping function, that is, the mapping relationship.

[0070] As Figure 7 shown, in this embodiment, the human eye tracking module realizes the collaborative optimization of light field parameters (parallax range, resolution, depth of field) under limited hardware resources. That is, through the viewing angle of the human eye (this index is small), the brightness of each sub-pixel is dynamically optimized, the light field distribution is adaptively adjusted according to the observer's position, and the effective depth of field is extended.

[0071] The implementation method of the three-dimensional display with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation for the three-dimensional display system based on two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. Stagger the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel, and displace the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel;

[0073] S2. Set a one-dimensional light control array on the upper surface of the display panel, determine the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient, and make the tilt angle of the one-dimensional light control element match the sub-pixel arrangement direction;

[0074] S3. Obtain the coding information of the sub-pixels;

[0075] S4. Map the coding information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, thereby realizing three-dimensional display.

[0076] When mapping the coding information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, the human eye tracking module adjusts the mapping relationship of the coding information of the sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction, generates real-time corrected voxel coordinates, and provides an independent viewing area for each viewer.

[0077] In a feasible implementation manner of the present invention, in order to achieve a symmetric light field distribution for horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation, and without rainbow patterns and moiré patterns, based on a one-dimensional light control element with a pitch of 0.32 mm and an inclination angle of 45°, a sub-pixel arrangement method that conforms to it needs to be designed. Taking the design of the sub-pixel arrangement as a triangular structure as an example, in order to meet the matching of the sub-pixel sizes on the horizontal w and vertical h light control axes, the controlled sub-pixels are designed to be nearly circular, the θ-angle staggered matrix matches the tilt angle α of the one-dimensional light control element, the matching error does not exceed 3°, and the horizontal pitch (Δx) and the vertical pitch (Δy) do not exceed 1.2 times the horizontal w ′ and the vertical h ′ sub-pixel sizes in the panel direction. The designed pixel unit structure is approximately an equilateral triangle, and the designed panel is as Figure 5 shown, meeting the conditions for parallax-compatible three-dimensional display.

[0078] In this embodiment, an interleaved sub-pixel arrangement method is adopted on the display panel. The sub-pixels are displaced in the horizontal and vertical axes, and the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows are staggered. Without affecting the overall performance of the system, this embodiment includes changes in the sub-pixel order such as the pixel triangular structure. Specifically, taking the triangular sub-pixel arrangement method as an example, its order change can be achieved in the following way:

[0079] Suppose the arrangement order of the sub-pixels is S = (R, G, B), then different orders can be obtained through permutation and combination, such as S ′ = (G, R, B), S ′′ = (B, G, R), etc. These arrangement orders can be expressed by the following formula:

[0080] S′ =(S σ(1) , S σ(2) , S σ(3) ),

[0081] where σ is a permutation function that is dynamically adjusted based on the viewpoint number and the viewing area, representing the rearrangement of the sub-pixel order, with a permutation period greater than or equal to 3, allowing the generation of at least 6 permutation combinations.

[0082] Taking the triangular sub-pixel arrangement as an example, the shape and size of the pixel unit can be adjusted in a matching manner with the parameters of the one-dimensional light control array. For example, the pixel unit can be designed as an isosceles triangle, a right triangle, or other shapes to ensure uniform light distribution in the two-dimensional direction. This design can be achieved by adjusting the geometric parameters of the pixel unit, such as the side length and angle of the pixel. Let the shape of the pixel unit be a triangle with side lengths a, b, and c, and angles α, β, and γ. Then the matching relationship between the pixel unit and the cylindrical lens grating can be described by the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] where P is the pitch of the cylindrical lens grating; k1, k2, and k3 are all proportionality coefficients, generally less than 1 to ensure that the sub-pixels are covered under the cylindrical lens grating; θ1, θ2, and θ3 are angle parameters.

[0085] Equilateral triangle structure: Let the shape of the pixel unit be an equilateral triangle with side length a and angle 60°. Then the matching relationship between the pixel structure and the grating can be described by the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] where P is the pitch of the grating and k1 is the proportionality coefficient.

[0088] Isosceles triangle structure: Let the shape of the pixel unit be an isosceles triangle with base a, waist length b, and base angle θ. Then the matching relationship between the pixel structure and the grating can be described by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] where P is the pitch of the grating, k1 and k2 are the proportionality coefficients, and θ1 is the base angle parameter.

[0091] Right triangle structure: Let the shape of the pixel unit be a right triangle with right sides a and b and right angle 90°. Then the matching relationship between the pixel structure and the grating can be described by the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, P is the pitch of the grating, and k1 and k2 are proportionality coefficients.

[0094] In the specific implementation process, the equilateral triangle structure has better symmetry in all directions, can achieve a more uniform light field distribution and parallax collaborative modulation. In addition, the geometric parameters of the equilateral triangle structure are simple and easy to design and implement; the isosceles triangle and right triangle structures can be optimized according to specific application scenarios. For example, when a specific direction of light field distribution is required, the isosceles triangle or right triangle structure can be selected. Irregular triangle and polygon structures can be used for more complex display requirements to further improve the performance and flexibility of the display system. When the pixel arrangement is a triangle structure with a base angle θ = 60°, the vertical parallax collaborative modulation is increased by 15%, but the horizontal viewing angle is reduced by 8%, indicating that parameter selection needs to be weighed in different scenarios.

[0095] In addition, there are many pixel units that meet the requirements of having light control unit uniformity in the horizontal and vertical dual-dimensional parallax directions, such as the diamond pixel arrangement structure: the sub-pixels are distributed in a diamond shape, and each diamond is composed of three sub-pixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). In the horizontal and vertical directions, the diamonds are arranged regularly. There is a periodic interval between the same-color sub-pixels of adjacent diamonds, and the starting position of the diamonds in the column direction can also be dynamically offset according to a certain rule. By adjusting the inclination angle of the one-dimensional light control element to match the arrangement direction of the diamond sub-pixels, the compatible distribution of horizontal and vertical dual-dimensional parallax can also be achieved, reducing structural crosstalk. The hexagonal pixel arrangement structure is the same.

[0096] In summary, through the novel sub-pixel arrangement method matching the one-dimensional light control array, the present invention realizes the balanced distribution of parallax in the dual-dimensional direction, expands the application range of the three-dimensional light field display technology in multi-angle viewing scenarios. At the same time, the present invention significantly improves the depth quality through the adaptive real-time correction mechanism, greatly enhancing the user's visual experience, and providing strong technical support for the further development and application of the three-dimensional display technology.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation, characterized in that, It includes a one-dimensional light control array and a display panel; the one-dimensional light control array includes a number of one-dimensional light control elements arranged in parallel; the display panel includes a number of pixel units arranged periodically, and each pixel unit includes a number of sub-pixels; each pixel unit contains sub-pixels of three channels, namely R, G, and B; the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are staggered, and the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel are misaligned; the one-dimensional light control elements are inclined, and the inclination angle matches the sub-pixel arrangement direction to achieve the collaborative modulation of horizontal and vertical two-dimensional parallax; The display panel is used to load a multi-viewpoint synthesized coded image, that is, to obtain the coded information of the sub-pixels; The one-dimensional light control element is used to control the light refraction direction and generate volume pixels, that is, to map the coded information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, thereby realizing three-dimensional display.

2. The three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 1, wherein The ratio of the size w of the sub-pixels in the horizontal light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array to the size h of the sub-pixels in the vertical light control axis direction of the one-dimensional light control array is w = kh, where 0.5 < k < 2.

3. The three-dimensional display system with dual-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 2, wherein The sub-pixels in the display panel are divided into a number of sub-rectangular panels with the size of the one-dimensional light control element axial sub-pixel as the width and the axis as the length; there are no adjacent same-color sub-pixels in any one sub-matrix panel; the number of sub-pixels contained in each sub-rectangular panel is greater than or equal to the minimum light field generation density, that is, Δx ≤ 2w′, Δy ≤ 2h′, and each rectangular panel contains at least one light-emitting sub-pixel; where w′ and h′ are the sub-pixel sizes in the horizontal direction and the vertical panel direction respectively.

4. The three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ratio constraint of the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient to the vertical parallax modulation coefficient is: C x / C y = Δx·(tanα) / Δy where C x / C y are the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient, respectively; The dynamic allocation of two-dimensional parallax weights is achieved by adjusting Δx, Δy, and α; The pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array and the sub-rectangular panel spacing are constrained as: Where m is a matching factor, 1.2 ≤ m ≤ 1.8, and the processing error of the pitch P of the one-dimensional light control array is less than or equal to ±2 μm.

5. The three-dimensional display system with dual-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 1, wherein The same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows are cyclically offset horizontally at a fixed period, and the starting positions in the column direction are dynamically adjusted according to odd and even rows, forming a θ-angle staggered matrix that matches the tilt direction of the one-dimensional light control element. The deviation between the tilt angle α of the one-dimensional light control element and the θ angle does not exceed ±3°, that is, α = θ ± 3°, to achieve a compatible parallax effect; where Δx and Δy are the horizontal and vertical spacings of adjacent sub-pixels respectively, and arctan(.) is the arctangent function.

6. The three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A single pixel unit is a symmetric polygon structure, including a triangle composed of three adjacent sub-pixels, the smallest rhombus composed of four sub-pixels, and the smallest hexagon composed of six sub-pixels.

7. The three-dimensional display system with dual-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 1, wherein It also includes an eye tracking module, which is used to adjust the mapping relationship of the coded information of the sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction, generate real-time corrected volume pixel coordinates, and provide an independent viewing area for each viewer.

8. The three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 1, wherein The one-dimensional light control element is a lenticular grating.

9. A method for realizing three-dimensional display with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation of a three-dimensional display system with two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Stagger the same-color sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel, and misalign the sub-pixels in adjacent rows of the display panel; Set a one-dimensional light control array on the upper surface of the display panel, determine the horizontal parallax modulation coefficient and the vertical parallax modulation coefficient, and make the inclination angle of the one-dimensional light control element match the sub-pixel arrangement direction; Obtain the coded information of the sub-pixels; Map the coded information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, thereby realizing three-dimensional display.

10. The three-dimensional display implementation method of two-dimensional parallax collaborative modulation according to claim 9, wherein When mapping the coded information of the sub-pixels into three-dimensional space voxels, the eye tracking module adjusts the mapping relationship of the coded information of the sub-pixels according to the line-of-sight direction, generates real-time corrected volume pixel coordinates, and provides an independent viewing area for each viewer.

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