WTRU and method implemented by WTRU

Abstract

A WTRU and a method implemented by the WTRU are disclosed. The WTRU comprises a processor and a memory configured to: receive downlink control information (DCI) for downlink transmission, the DCI comprising a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) parameter; selecting at least one cyclic shift indicating a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), wherein the HARQ feedback for the downlink transmission corresponds to one of a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) for the downlink transmission; and transmitting the PUCCH transmission via one or more resource blocks using the selected at least one cyclic shift.

Description

[0001] This is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 202310087482.8, titled "Method and Device for Transmitting Uplink Control Information", filed on January 17, 2023.

[0002] Cross - reference to Related Applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 500,772, filed on May 3, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 564,755, filed on September 28, 2017. The entire contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference. Field of the Invention

[0004] This application relates to the field of communications. In particular, this application relates to a method, system, and device for transmitting uplink control information. Background Art

[0005] Uplink control information can be transmitted within a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH can be transmitted using either a short duration or a long duration. The UCI information can include a Scheduling Request (SR) that can be used to request radio resources. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU) can include a processor configured to transmit a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) Acknowledgment or Negative Acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) using a sequence. The processor is further configured to: determine that the HARQ ACK / NACK includes one - bit or two - bit information. If the determination is that the HARQ ACK / NACK includes one - bit information, the processor can be configured to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK by using either a first cyclic shift of the sequence or a second cyclic shift of the sequence. The first cyclic shift corresponds to a first one - bit HARQ ACK / NACK value, and the second cyclic shift corresponds to a second one - bit HARQ ACK / NACK value. The first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift differ by half the length of the sequence (e.g., by half of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence).

[0007] If the determination of the HARQ ACK / NACK comprises two bits of information, the processor of the WTRU may be configured to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK using one of four cyclic shifts of the sequence. Each of the four cyclic shifts corresponds to a respective two-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value, and the four cyclic shifts differ from each other by at least one quarter of the length of the sequence (e.g., by one quarter of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence).

[0008] The sequences described herein may have a length of 12 (e.g., there may be 12 cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). In an example (e.g., when the HARQ ACK / NACK comprises one bit of information), the WTRU may use a first cyclic shift 3 to transmit a first 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value and may use a second cyclic shift 9 to transmit a second 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK value. In an example (e.g., when the HARQ ACK / NACK comprises two bits of information), the WTRU may use cyclic shifts 1, 4, 7, and 10 to transmit 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK values (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), or (1,1), respectively, where the four cyclic shifts may differ from each other by one quarter of the length of the sequence.

[0009] The WTRU may receive a configuration from a network entity and, based on the configuration, determine which cyclic shift of the sequence to use to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK. The WTRU may receive an indication of a resource block for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK from a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The WTRU may transmit an affirmative scheduling request (SR) together with the HARQ ACK / NACK. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0011] Figure 1A is a system diagram showing an exemplary communication system in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be implemented.

[0012] Figure 1B is a diagram showing an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communication system shown in Figure 1A in accordance with an example.

[0013] Figure 1C is a diagram showing an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communication system shown in Figure 1ASystem diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the shown communication system.

[0014] Figure 1D Is a system diagram showing another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN that can be used within the Figure 1A shown communication system.

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or scheduling request (SR) transmission by using four cyclic shifts of a sequence.

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission by using two cyclic shifts of a sequence.

[0017] Figure 4A Schematic diagram showing an exemplary PUCCH region.

[0018] Figure 4B Schematic diagram showing an example of a WTRU transmitting ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks.

[0019] Figure 4C Schematic diagram showing an example of two WTRUs transmitting ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks.

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing HARQ ACK / NACK or SR transmission by using frequency-shifted reference symbols or reference signals (RS).

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram showing HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission by using time-domain covering codes on RS.

[0022] Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission by using differential cyclic time shifts for RS.

[0023] Figure 8 Schematic diagram showing SR transmission by using RS on-off keying.

[0024] Figure 9 Schematic diagram showing SR transmission by using RS with waveform coding.

[0025] Figure 10 Schematic diagram showing frequency-division multiplexing of UCI and SR.

[0026] Figure 11 Schematic diagram showing UCI and SR transmissions by one or more WTRUs.

[0027] Figure 12 Schematic diagram showing UCI and / or SR transmissions by one or more WTRUs.

[0028] Figure 13 Schematic diagram showing low RAPR transmissions of UCI and SR.

[0029] Figure 14 Schematic diagram showing low RAPR transmissions of UCI and SR.

[0030] Figure 15 Schematic diagram showing low RAPR transmissions of UCI and SR. Detailed implementation

[0031] A detailed description of illustrative embodiments will now be described with reference to the different figures. Although this description provides detailed examples of possible implementations, it should be noted that these details are for illustrative purposes only and in no way limit the scope of the present application.

[0032] Figure 1A FIG. is a diagram showing an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multi-access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc. to a plurality of wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable a plurality of wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique word DFT-spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0033] As Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network components. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, any one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to as a "station" and / or "STA". The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones, laptop computers, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronic devices, and devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0034] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate its access to one or more communication networks (e.g., CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTSs), Node Bs, eNode Bs, home Node Bs, home eNode Bs, gNBs, NR Node Bs, site controllers, access points (APs), and wireless routers, etc. Although each of the base stations 114a, 114b is described as a single component, it should be understood that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network components.

[0035] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, and the RAN 104 / 113 may also include other base stations and / or network components (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, and the like. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals at one or more carrier frequencies, and base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a relatively fixed or potentially time-varying specific geographical area. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, each transceiver corresponds to a sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, by using beamforming, signals can be transmitted and / or received in a desired spatial direction.

[0036] Base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d via air interface 116, where the air interface 116 may be any suitable wireless communication link (such as radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0037] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a certain radio technology, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), where the radio technology may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0038] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a certain radio technology, such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), where the radio technology may use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTA Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish the air interface 116.

[0039] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a certain radio technology, such as NR radio access, where the radio technology may use New Radio (NR) to establish the air interface 116.

[0040] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access (e.g., using the dual connectivity (DC) principle). Thus, the air interface used by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0041] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the following radio technologies, such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0042] Figure 1AThe base station 114b therein may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node B, a home eNode B, or an access point, and may use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connections in a local area, which may be, for example, a business premise, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for drones), and a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless local area network (WLAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15. In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a pico cell or a femto cell by using a cellular-based RAT (such as WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). As Figure 1A shown, the base station 114b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b is not necessarily required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0043] The RAN 104 / 113 may communicate with the CN 106 / 115, where the CN 106 / 115 may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, and mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, accounting services, location-based services, prepaid calls, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or may perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in Figure 1A this, it should be understood that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same or different RATs as the RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113 that uses the NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also communicate with other RANs (not shown) that use GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technologies.

[0044] CN 106 / 115 can also act as a gateway for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a system of globally interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols (such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP protocol family). The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, where the one or more RANs may use the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104 / 113.

[0045] Some or all of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A the illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a using a cellular-based radio technology and with a base station 114b that may use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0046] Figure 1B is a system diagram showing an exemplary WTRU 102. As Figure 1B shown, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive component 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may also include any sub-combination of the foregoing components while remaining compliant with the embodiments.

[0047] The processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and a state machine, etc. The processor 118 can perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to a transceiver 120, and the transceiver 120 can be coupled to a transmit / receive component 122. Although Figure 1B the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are described as separate components, it should be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 can also be integrated in an electronic component or chip.

[0048] The transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit signals to a base station (such as base station 114a) via an air interface 116 or receive signals from a base station (such as base station 114a). For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. As an example, in another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive RF and optical signals. It should be understood that the transmit / receive component 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0049] Although in Figure 1B the transmit / receive component 122 is described as a single component, the WTRU 102 can include any number of transmit / receive components 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 can use MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive components 122 (such as multiple antennas) that transmit and receive radio signals via the air interface 116.

[0050] The transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate the signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive component 122 and demodulate the signals received by the transmit / receive component 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 can have multi-mode capabilities. Therefore, the transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers that allow the WTRU 102 to communicate using multiple RATs such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0051] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive user input data from these components. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from any suitable memory such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132, and may store data in these memories. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, and a secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from memories that are not actually located in the WTRU 102, and may store data in these memories. By way of example, such memories may be located in a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0052] The processor 118 may receive power from a power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry battery packs (such as nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), etc.), a solar cell, and a fuel cell, etc.

[0053] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. As a supplement or replacement for the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116, and / or may determine its location based on the signal timing received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by means of any suitable positioning method while remaining compliant with the embodiments.

[0054] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, where the peripheral devices 138 may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connections. For example, the peripheral devices 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, modules, a Frequency Modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game console module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, and an activity tracker, among others. The peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, and the sensors may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geographical location sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0055] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio device, where for the full-duplex radio device, the reception or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio device may include an interface management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference by means of hardware (e.g., a choke coil) or by signal processing of a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio device, where for the half-duplex device, the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for UL (e.g., relative to transmission) or downlink (e.g., relative to reception)).

[0056] Figure 1C is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. Also, the RAN 104 may communicate with the CN 106.

[0057] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c. However, it should be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining compliant with the embodiments. Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers that communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNodeB 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0058] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. As Figure 1C shown, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0059] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing components has been described as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0060] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating the users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, performing bearer activation / deactivation procedures, and selecting a particular serving gateway during the initial attachment process of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may also provide a control plane function for handover between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) using other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0061] The SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Also, the SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during handover procedures between eNodeBs, triggering paging processing when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc.

[0062] The SGW 164 can be connected to the PGW 166, and the PGW 166 can provide packet-switched network (e.g., the Internet 110) access for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0063] The CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 106 can provide circuit-switched network (e.g., the PSTN 108) access for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communication devices. For example, the CN 106 can include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server), and the IP gateway can act as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 can provide access for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to other networks 112, where the network 112 can include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0064] Although the WTRU is described as a wireless terminal in Figure 1A - 1D it should be appreciated that in some exemplary embodiments, such terminals and the communication network can use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 can be a WLAN.

[0066] A WLAN using the infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can access or interface with a distributed system (DS) or other types of wired / wireless networks that send traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and destined for an STA can reach and be delivered to the STA through the AP. Traffic originating from an STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent through the AP. For example, a source STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. The point-to-point traffic can be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using direct link setup (DLS). In some exemplary embodiments, the DLS can use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using the independent BSS (IBSS) mode does not have an AP, and STAs within and using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. Here, the IBSS communication mode can sometimes be referred to as the "peer-to-peer (ad-hoc)" communication mode.

[0067] When operating in the 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel (e.g., the primary channel). The primary channel can have a fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In some exemplary embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) (e.g., in an 802.11 system) can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs including the AP (e.g., each STA) can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, then the particular STA can back off. In a given BSS, at any given time, there can be one STA (e.g., only one station) transmitting.

[0068] High throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a channel with a width of 40 MHz (e.g., by combining a primary channel with a width of 20 MHz with an adjacent or non-adjacent channel with a width of 20 MHz to form a channel with a width of 40 MHz).

[0069] A very high throughput (VHT) STA can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels or by combining two non - consecutive 80 MHz channels (this combination can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, data can be passed through a segmentation parser, which can divide the data into two streams. Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time - domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The streams can be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the STA performing the transmission. On the receiver of the STA performing the reception, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the media access control (MAC).

[0070] 802.11af and 802.11ah support sub - 1 GHz operating modes. Compared with those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac, the channel operating bandwidth and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non - TVWS spectrum. According to an exemplary embodiment, 802.11ah can support meter - type control / machine - type communication (e.g., MTC devices in a macro - coverage area). MTC devices can have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities that include support for (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices can include a battery, and the battery life of the battery is higher than a threshold (e.g., maintaining a long battery life).

[0071] For a WLAN system that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah), the WLAN system includes a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or restricted by a certain STA, where the STA is sourced from all STAs operating in the BSS and supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In an example regarding 802.11ah, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes, for an STA that supports (e.g., only supports) the 1MHz mode (such as an MTC type device), the width of the primary channel can be 1MHz. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy (e.g., because an STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP), then even if most of the frequency bands remain idle and available, the entire available frequency band can be considered busy.

[0072] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. According to the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0073] Figure 1D is a system diagram showing RAN 113 and CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. In addition, RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0074] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, but it should be understood that while remaining compliant with the embodiments, the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs. Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may use beamforming processing to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTR 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive a coordinated transmission from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0075] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter configurations. For example, the OFDM symbol interval and / or the OFDM subcarrier interval may be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) having different or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different absolute time lengths).

[0076] gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a stand-alone configuration and / or a non-stand-alone configuration. In the stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor. In the stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use signals in the unlicensed band to communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. In the non-stand-alone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while communicating / connecting with another RAN (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner by implementing the DC principle. In the non-stand-alone configuration, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can act as the mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput to serve WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0077] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support network slicing, implement dual connectivity, implement interworking between NR and E-UTRA, route user plane data to user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, and route control plane information to access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As Figure 1D shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0078] Figure 1DThe shown CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may possibly include data networks (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing components is described as part of CN 115, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by entities other than the CN operator.

[0079] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing the registration area, terminating NAS signaling, and mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 1823b may use network slicing processing to customize the CN support provided to the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the service type of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c used. As an example, for different use cases, different network slices may be established, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low-latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and / or services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide control plane functions for handover between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) using other radio technologies (such as non-3GPP access technologies like LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or WiFi).

[0080] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and may configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0081] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in CN 113 via the N3 interface, so as to provide packet switched network (e.g., Internet 110) access for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, in order to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPFs 184a, 184b can perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, implementing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring handling, etc.

[0082] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 can include or can communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 115 can provide access for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to other networks 112, which can include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b via the N3 interface docked to UPFs 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a, 184b and DNs 185a, 185b and through UPFs 184a, 184b.

[0083] In view of Figure 1A - 1D and with respect to Figure 1A - 1D the corresponding descriptions, one or more or all of the functions described herein for one or more of the following can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b and / or any other one or more devices described herein. These emulation devices can be one or more devices configured to simulate one or more or all of the functions herein. For example, these emulation devices can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0084] The simulation device can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network, either fully or partially, in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to other devices to perform tests, and / or can use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0085] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test laboratory and / or a test scenario of a wired and / or wireless communication network that is not deployed (e.g., for testing) in order to perform tests on one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test devices. The simulation device can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit (as an example, the circuit can include one or more antennas).

[0086] Methods, devices, and systems for scheduling transmissions (e.g., requests) on an uplink can be provided. A sequence (e.g., to perform the transmission) can be determined. A cyclic shift of the sequence can be determined for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). An acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) can be signaled (e.g., via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or using the cyclic shift).

[0087] In a wireless communication system, uplink control information (UCI) can include a control information indicator and / or a status information indicator that can assist in the transmission process of the physical layer. For example, UCI can contain a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) that can be used to indicate whether a HARQ has been received. UCI can contain a channel quality indicator (CQI), which can be used as a measure of the communication quality of a wireless channel. The CQI of a given channel can depend on the type of modulation scheme used by the communication system.

[0088] The UCI may include a scheduling request (SR) that may be used to request radio transmission resources for upcoming downlink or uplink transmissions. The UCI may include a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and / or a rank indicator (RI) for downlink or uplink transmissions. The PMI may be used (e.g., by indicating a specified precoding matrix) to facilitate communication over multiple data streams and signal interpretation at the physical layer. The RI may indicate the number of layers available for spatial multiplexing within a communication system, or the RI may indicate the maximum number of such layers. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), which may be a user equipment (WTRU), may transmit the UCI to a network (e.g., a network entity such as a base station) to provide information that facilitates wireless communication to the physical layer.

[0089] Within New Radio (NR), the UCI may be transmitted within a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH may be transmitted within a short duration (e.g., one or two OFDM symbols) around the last transmitted UL symbol(s) of a time slot. The PUCCH may be transmitted over a long duration over multiple UL symbols (e.g., more than 2 OFDM symbols), which may improve coverage. The UL control channel may be frequency division multiplexed with the UL data channel within a time slot. A PUCCH resource for UCI transmission may be assigned to the WTRU, where the PUCCH resource may include time, frequency, and (where appropriate) code domain.

[0090] Within NR, a mechanism may be provided for efficient UL control information transmission within the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or two symbols). Efficient UL control information transmission may involve a trade-off between user multiplexing capabilities and block error rate (BLER) performance. When there are multiple (e.g., two) lengths available for the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or two symbols), a method and apparatus may be provided for multiplexing different classes of UCI (e.g., SR, ACK / NACK, etc.) and / or reference symbols or reference signals (RS). In the case of SR transmission, interference may be avoided while increasing user multiplexing capabilities.

[0091] The PUCCH is a physical uplink control channel that can carry hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgments (HARQ ACKs) or negative acknowledgments (HARQ NACKs), channel state information (CSI) reports (e.g., which can include beamforming information), and / or scheduling requests (SRs). The uplink control resource set (UCRS) can include one or more physical resource blocks (PRBs) in the frequency domain and can span one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain. The PUCCH can be transmitted via one or more UCRSs. The uplink control information (UCI) can include a set of control information bits transmitted by the WTRU in the uplink to the gNB.

[0092] A constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence can be a periodic complex-valued sequence with a constant amplitude and zero out-of-phase periodic (cyclic) autocorrelation. Pulse position modulation (PPM) can be a form of coding where message bits can be encoded by the position of the transmitted pulses. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be the square of the peak amplitude divided by the average power or the peak power divided by the average power.

[0093] ACK / NACK (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) and / or SR transmissions can be provided on the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH having a duration of one or more symbols). A sequence-based PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) can be provided (e.g., the UCI can be transmitted on the PUCCH by using a sequence). For uplink control transmissions, the WTRU can transmit uplink control information (UCI) within a PUCCH having a specific duration (e.g., a short duration of one or two symbols). The WTRU can modulate the UCI information symbols with a sequence, such as an ACK / NACK or an SR. The sequence can be a Zadoff-CHU (ZC) sequence and / or a CAZAC sequence, etc. (e.g., other suitable computer-generated sequences or CGSs). The UCI information symbols can include 1-bit BPSK or 2-bit QPSK symbols. Different cyclic shifts (e.g., cyclic time shifts) of the sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) can be used to signal (e.g., transmit) the UCI (e.g., 1-bit or 2-bit UCI information). Examples of these scenarios are disclosed herein.

[0094] Figure 2 An example diagram is shown using 4 cyclic shifts of a sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) to signal 2-bit positive / negative acknowledgments (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACKs) or 1-bit ACK / NACK and 1-bit SR. For example, Figure 2It can be shown how a WTRU uses 4 cyclic shifts of the same basic CAZAC sequence to signal 2-bit positive / negative acknowledgments (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) or 1-bit ACK / NACK and 1-bit SR, as shown in Table 1. As Figure 2 shown, there can be 12 possible cyclic shifts (e.g., based on a sequence of length 12). The cyclic shifts can be configured for different WTRUs, and the different WTRUs can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) resources. In the presence of a frequency-selective channel, for example, by spacing the cyclic shifts that can be assigned to the same user apart from each other (e.g., having the maximum separation between them), the different sequences can be separated at the receiver. For example, cyclic shifts with a large cyclic separation (e.g., the maximum possible cyclic separation) can be assigned to the same user. This can improve the error rate of, for example, ACK / NACK detection for the user. In the case where multiple SR bits can be transmitted, multiple ACK / NACK bits can be applied to the multiple SR bits.

[0095] Table 1: Exemplary cyclic shifts with cyclic separation (which can be the maximum cyclic separation) for 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or RS transmission.

[0096]

[0097] As shown in Table 1, the WTRU can determine that it has 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK or 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK and 1-bit SR to be transmitted. The WTRU can further determine that the sequence available for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR has a length of 12 (e.g., there can be a total of 12 cyclic shifts available for the WTRU to transmit HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR). Based on the value of the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR, the WTRU can select different cyclic shifts of the sequence to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. The WTRU can select cyclic shifts such that they are maximally different from each other (e.g., differ by at least one quarter of the sequence length, or one quarter of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, when the sequence has a length of 12, the WTRU can use cyclic shifts 1, 4, 7, and 10 to transmit the 2-bit HARQ ACK / NACK values [0,0], [1,0], [1,1], and [0,1], respectively. The WTRU can receive from a network entity a configuration regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. Different WTRUs can use different cyclic shifts to transmit HARQ ACK / NACK to, for example, reduce the likelihood of interference between WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU can be configured to use cyclic shifts (1, 4, 7, 10) to transmit four 2-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values, while a second WTRU can be configured to use cyclic shifts (2, 5, 8, 11) to transmit four 2-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values. In an example (e.g., when using a common sequence of length 12), three WTRUs (e.g., users) can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource.

[0098] Figure 3 FIG. shows an example diagram of using two cyclic shifts of a sequence for 1-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission. For example, as Figure 3As shown, the WTRU may use two cyclic shifts of a CAZAC sequence to signal a 1-bit positive / negative acknowledgment (e.g., HARQ ACK / NACK) or SR, as shown in Table 2A. Cyclic shifts with large cyclic separation may be used for a user, e.g., to increase the detection likelihood at the receiver. For example, cyclic shifts with the maximum possible cyclic separation may be used for the same user to maximize the detection likelihood at the receiver. When the HARQ ACK / NACK includes 1-bit information, the two cyclic shifts of the sequence may be separated by half of the sequence length (e.g., may be separated by half of the total available cyclic shifts within the allocated RB(s) that may include the PUCCH). If there are 12 available cyclic shifts within a PRB, up to 6 users may be supported within a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) across 1 PRB. Up to 12 users may be supported within a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) across 2 PRBs. When there is no DTX signaling, NACK may be interpreted as DTX.

[0099] Table 2A: Exemplary cyclic shifts that may be mapped to 1-bit SR and / or ACK / NACK / DTX

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 2A, the WTRU can determine that it has a 1-bit HARQ ACK / NACK or 1-bit SR to transmit. The WTRU can further determine that the sequence available for transmitting the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR has a length of 12 (e.g., there may be a total of 12 cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). Based on the value of the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR, the WTRU can select different cyclic shifts to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. The WTRU can select cyclic shifts such that they are as different as possible from each other (e.g., differ by half of the sequence length, or half of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, when there are 12 available cyclic shifts, the WTRU can use cyclic shifts 1 and 7, 2 and 8, and / or 3 and 9, etc. to transmit HARQ NACK and HARQ ACK respectively. The WTRU can receive configuration from a network entity regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit the HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR. Different WTRUs can use different cyclic shifts to transmit HARQ ACK / NACK, e.g., to reduce the likelihood of interference between WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU can be configured to use cyclic shifts (1,7) to transmit two 1-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values respectively, while a second WTRU can be configured to use cyclic shifts (2,8) to transmit two 1-bit HARQ NACK / ACK values. In an example (e.g., when using a common sequence of length 12), 6 WTRUs (e.g., users) can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource.

[0102] For SR transmission, the WTRU can use the cyclic shift of the sequence to transmit a request for a UL assignment and can avoid transmitting on its assigned sequence when it does not request a UL assignment (e.g., does not transmit). By avoiding transmission (e.g., not transmitting anything) when there is no request for UL scheduling, the WTRU can avoid interfering with other users within the system. This method can increase the number of users that can be multiplexed on the RBs for SR transmission on the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH). For example, depending on the frequency selectivity of the channel, 12 users can be multiplexed.

[0103] If the uplink channel (e.g., PUCCH) has high frequency selectivity, the scheduler can avoid assigning adjacent cyclic shifts to different users. For example, in Figure 3 the scenario described, odd cyclic shifts can be assigned without using even cyclic shifts, and vice versa. The number of users that can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resource can be halved.

[0104] The number of HARQ ACK / NACK and / or SR resources corresponding to cyclic shifts that can be supported within a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) can be expressed as Dependent on the frequency selectivity of the channel, e.g., subset restrictions achievable by using parameters Some cyclic shifts can be excluded from the resource pool. Thereafter,

[0105]

[0106] where can be the number of RBs that can include the PUCCH.

[0107] In Figure 3 the example shown, and can be equal to 1, which can result in which can imply that cyclic shifts can be used within the system and there are no subset restrictions.

[0108] The WTRU can derive the resources (e.g., cyclic time shift of the sequence) through which the WTRU can transmit ACK / NACK and / or SR from the received PUCCH parameters (e.g., short PUCCH index, such as ). The PUCCH parameters can be received from a higher layer (e.g., from a network entity) or as part of downlink control information (e.g., on the NR-PDCCH). The resource index can indicate at least one of the PUCCH region on the bandwidth or the cyclic shifts allocated to the WTRU for UL signaling (e.g., both). The PUCCH region can include an allocation for PUCCH transmission, such as a minimum allocation for PUCCH transmission in terms of the number of RBs. The WTRU can derive the PUCCH region X m for UL signaling as a set of RBs having the following index:

[0109]

[0110] where m can represent the index of the PUCCH region within the entire PUCCH resource pool and can be derived as follows:

[0111]

[0112] where N RB can be the RB index at which the PUCCH region starts.

[0113] Figure 4A is a schematic diagram showing exemplary regions for the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH with a duration of one or two symbols) for different m values. For example, Figure 4AThree PUCCH regions spanning 2 RBs may be shown. In an example (e.g., multiple PUCCHs may be time-division multiplexed (TDM) within a time slot), in addition to deriving the PUCCH regions in the frequency domain according to a set of PB indices, the WTRU may derive the PUCCH regions allocated in the time domain according to a set of OFDM symbol indices.

[0114] The WTRU may derive two cyclic shift assignment combinations for 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX and / or SR transmissions within PUCCH region X m which may be identified according to the following equations:

[0115]

[0116] In 2-bit UCI signaling, the WTRU may derive four cyclic shift assignment combinations for 2-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR transmissions within PUCCH region X m which may be identified according to the following equations:

[0117]

[0118] When assigning PUCCH parameters (e.g., index ) to the WTRU, the network (e.g., gNB) may ensure that the final set of cyclic shifts does not overlap with the set that may be assigned to another WTRU.

[0119] ACK / NACK / SR multiplexing may be used on the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH with a 1-symbol duration). The WTRU may send an affirmative / negative HARQ response (e.g., HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK) and / or a scheduling request (SR) on a pre-configured PUCCH resource (e.g., a short PUCCH). Determining how to send the HARQ response may consider how to effectively and robustly assign cyclic shifts of the base sequence to HARQ-ACK, HARQ-NACK, and / or SR. Unless otherwise stated or indicated within the context, for the purpose of simplifying the notation, ACK / NACK as used herein includes HARQ-ACK / HARQ-NACK. SR, affirmative SR, and SR = 1 may be used interchangeably. No SR, negative SR, and SR = 0 may be used interchangeably.

[0120] The WTRU may use two cyclic shifts of a basic computer-generated sequence (CGS) to indicate ACK / NACK on a first configured (e.g., pre-configured) RB (e.g., when the WTRU does not have a scheduling request). When the WTRU has a scheduling request (e.g., only when the WTRU has a scheduling request), the WTRU may use one cyclic shift of the basic CGS on a second configured RB. For example, one WTRU within a first set of WTRUs may use a pair of cyclic shifts of a basic CGS on a first RB to send ACK / NACK, while one WTRU within a second set of WTRUs may use a pair of cyclic shifts of the same or a different basic CGS on a second RB to send ACK / NACK. If the WTRU has a scheduling request (e.g., only when the WTRU has a scheduling request), the WTRU from the first or second set of WTRUs may use a cyclic shift of the same or a different basic CGS on a third RB. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the WTRU may not be permitted to transmit on the third RB (e.g., the WTRU may not be allowed to transmit anything), and / or may increase its transmission power on the first or second RB (e.g., by 3 dB) (e.g., such that its total transmission power is less than or equal to the case where the WTRU transmits its associated cyclic shift sequence on the first (or second) RB and the third RB).

[0121] The SR indication may be provided implicitly, in which case the WTRU may use two cyclic shifts of the basic CGS (e.g., to indicate ACK / NACK on one of two configured RBs). The RB on which the WTRU places the sequence may be one of the two configured RBs. For example, if the first RB is used, the WTRU may indicate the absence of a scheduling request (e.g., SR = 0), while if the second RB is used, the WTRU may indicate that it has a scheduling request (e.g., SR = 1). The indication for the scheduling request may be implicit. There may be an ACK / NACK for each block, and the WTRU may use four cyclic shifts of the basic CGS to indicate ACK / NACK on one of the two configured RBs (e.g., the WTRU may send HARQ-ACK / NACK for two transport blocks). Each of the four sequences may indicate (ACK,ACK), (ACK,NACK), (NACK,ACK), or (NACK,NACK). The following description may apply to at least the case where the WTRU sends ACK / NACK for one or two transport blocks.

[0122] Figure 4BAn example of a WTRU transmitting ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks is shown. In this example, if the WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the WTRU may place the first of its pre-assigned sequences in a first RB, and if the WTRU has a scheduling request, the WTRU may place the second of its pre-assigned sequences in a second RB.

[0123] The RBs that a pre-known WTRU can use to place sequences (e.g., one of two cyclic shift sequences) can be communicated to the WTRU in one or more of the following ways. The WTRU may receive two identifiers from the network (e.g., gNB), where each identifier can uniquely represent the location of an RB (e.g., time and subcarrier index). The WTRU may receive one identifier that identifies the location of the first RB. The WTRU may use a certain pattern (e.g., a known or pre-configured pattern) to determine the location of the second RB based on the location of the first RB. For example, the location of the second RB may be an adjacent RB within a consecutive RB allocation, or the location of the second RB may be an RB (e.g., a non-consecutive RB) with a known (e.g., pre-configured) shift in time and / or subcarrier space. The shift in the subcarrier domain (e.g., frequency) may be greater than a threshold (e.g., a pre-configured number) to have an uncorrelated or less correlated frequency response between the first and second RBs.

[0124] For implicit SR indication, the selection of the first and second RBs may be different for multiple (e.g., all) WTRUs. For example, WTRUs whose cyclic shift sequences are derived from the same base sequence may be grouped together to operate on the same RB pair. A subset of the available cyclic shifts of the base sequence may be assigned to a group of WTRUs. For example, if the base sequence has a length of 12, 12 cyclic shift sequences (including zero cyclic shift) may be derived and each pair of cyclic shifts may be assigned to one WTRU within a group of 6 WTRUs. For example, when one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs within a group of WTRUs have a scheduling request, the one or more WTRUs may use the second RB to transmit ACK / NACK, otherwise they may use the first RB. In another example, when the first part of a group of WTRUs has a scheduling request, the first part of the group of WTRUs may use the second RB to transmit, otherwise it may use the first RB. When the second part of the WTRUs (e.g., the remaining WTRUs) has a scheduling request, the second part of the WTRUs may use the first RB to transmit ACK / NACK, otherwise it may use the second RB. For example, the above-mentioned parts may be half (e.g., 3 out of 6 WTRUs), one-third (e.g., 2 out of 6 WTRUs) of the group of WTRUs. The assignment of the first and second RBs to parts of the group of WTRUs can be changed (e.g., depending on the time slot to which the RB belongs).

[0125] Figure 4C An example of two WTRUs sending ACK / NACK for one or more transport blocks is depicted. In this example, if a first WTRU (e.g., WTRU1) does not have a scheduling request, the first WTRU may place the first of its assigned (e.g., preconfigured) sequence in a first RB, and if the first WTRU has a scheduling request, the first WTRU may place the second of its assigned sequence in a second RB. If a second WTRU (e.g., WTRU2) has a scheduling request, the second WTRU may place the first of its assigned sequence in a first RB, and if the second WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the second WTRU may place the second of its assigned sequence in a second RB.

[0126] The SR indication may be provided implicitly, in which case the WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the same base computer generated sequence (CGS) to indicate ACK / NACK, and may have one or more restrictions in the sequence assignment. One or more (e.g., each) of the four sequences may be used to indicate ACK or NACK. Depending on whether a scheduling request is present, one (e.g., only one) of the four sequences may be transmitted. A sequence may be assigned to indicate one of the following four cases: (ACK, SR=0), (NACK, SR=0), (ACK, SR=1), or (NACK, SR=1). A cyclic shift of the base sequence may be assigned to each of the four cases according to design criteria.

[0127] The criterion may be to minimize potential interference (e.g., potential interference due to channel imperfections when decoding the sequences) between WTRUs (e.g., whose cyclic shift sequences may be adjacent to each other). For example, four cyclic shifts of the base sequence 1, 2, 3, and 4 may be considered. In determining which cyclic shift to use, one or more of the following factors may be considered. First, the amount of UL traffic may be less than (e.g., multiples of) the downlink traffic. This may mean that the probability of SR=1 (e.g., having UL traffic) may be less than (e.g., multiples of) the probability of SR=0. Second, adjacent cyclic shift sequences may have greater interference with each other (e.g., due to channel imperfections). The following assignment may be used: (ACK, SR=0, CS=1x )、(NACK,SR=0,CS=2x ),(ACK,SR=1,CS=0x ) and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 3x ), where CS may indicate a cyclic shift from a base sequence, and For example, in cases where frequency selectivity is negligible, one can use and CS = 0, 1, 2, 3. In the case of moderate frequency selectivity, the following can be used and CS = 0, 2, 4, 6. If the probability of SR = 1 is much smaller than the probability of SR = 0, then the chance of the following situation is very small: two WTRUs (for example, when sending their sequences within the same RB) have their mutually adjacent sequence groups, and the WTRU sends two sequences with adjacent cyclic shifts. The WTRU also has a very small chance of interfering with each other (for example, when the gNB decodes the corresponding sequences of the WTRU).

[0128] The following mapping of the cyclic shift of the base sequence to WTRU1 and WTRU2 can use the following content:

[0129] WTRU1: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 1x ), (NACK, SR = 0, CS = 2x ), (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 0x ), and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 3x )

[0130] WTRU2: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 5x ), (NACK, SR = 0, CS = 6x ), (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 4x ), and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 7x )

[0131] The cyclic shift can indicate the difference of the cyclic shift relative to the base sequence. Considering that SR = 0 has a higher probability (for example, multiple times) than SR = 1, WTRU1 can send CS = 3x or 4x (for example, most of the time), while WTRU2 can send CS = 6x or 7x (for example, most of the time), which can result in less interference between sequences because the cyclic shifts of the received sequences are not adjacent and are far from each other. In the case where one of the WTRUs has SR = 1, the cyclic shifts of the received sequences may not be adjacent. If both WTRUs have SR = 1, there may be adjacent cyclic shifts of the received sequences. Selecting the cyclic shift assignment can result in a more robust indication of ACK / NACK and SR.

[0132] The standard can minimize potential interference caused by channel imperfections when decoding sequences (e.g., decoding within multiple cyclic shift sequences of the same WTRU). For example, four cyclic shifts 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the base sequence can be considered. Since adjacent cyclic shifts of the sequence may have more interference with each other (e.g., due to channel imperfections), the following assignments can be used: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 0x ), (NACK, SR = 0, CS = 2x ), (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 1x ), and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 3x ), where CS indicates the cyclic shift from the base sequence. The assignment can assign sequences that are further apart to ACK and NACK, thereby reducing the likelihood of misdetection between the sequence assigned to one and the sequence assigned to the other.

[0133] The following mapping of the cyclic shift of the base sequence to WTRU1 and WTRU2 can be used: WTRU1: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 0x ), (NACK, SR = 0, CS = 2x ), (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 1x ), and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 3x )

[0134] WTRU2: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 4x ), (NACK, SR = 0, CS = 6x ), (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 5x ), and (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 7x )

[0135] The cyclic shift can indicate the relative difference in the cyclic shift within the base sequence. The WTRU can use three cyclic shifts of (e.g., the same) base computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate ACK / NACK and scheduling request (SR). Each of the three sequences can be used to indicate ACK or NACK and / or whether there is a scheduling request. The sequences can be assigned to each of the following three ACK and SR states: (ACK, SR = 0), (ACK, SR = 1), and (NACK, SR = 1). The sequence may not be assigned to the case (NACK, SR = 0), in which case the action of the gNB can be similar to (e.g., almost the same as) its reception of the sequence (e.g., the gNB can perform a transmission block retransmission and assign uplink resources for the WTRU (e.g., since SR can be equal to 0, which indicates that there is no scheduling request)).

[0136] For two WTRUs whose sequences have consecutive cyclic shifts, the mapping between three consecutive (e.g., adjacent) cyclic shifts and the three ACK and SR states described above can be as follows: WTRU1: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 0x ),(ACK, SR = 1, CS = 1x ),(NACK, SR = 1, CS = 2x )

[0137] WTRU2: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 3x ),(ACK, SR = 1, CS = 4x ),(NACK, SR = 1, CS = 5x )

[0138] The cyclic shift can indicate the relative difference in the cyclic shift within the base sequence. This mapping can ensure that when the gNB attempts to decode the sequence of WTRU1 with CS = 0x , there is a lower likelihood of misdetecting it as the sequence of WTRU2 with CS = 3x This mapping can reduce the chance of detecting the sequence of one WTRU as that of another. When the gNB attempts to decode the sequence of WTRU1 with CS = 0x , there is a lower likelihood of misdetecting it as the sequence of the same WTRU with CS = 2x (e.g., for NACK and SR = 1) (which may have the lowest coexistence probability).

[0139] For two WTRUs whose sequences have consecutive cyclic shifts, the mapping between three consecutive (e.g., adjacent) cyclic shifts and the three ACK and SR states described above can be as follows: WTRU1: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 0x (ACK, SR = 1, CS = 2x (NACK, SR = 1, CS = 1x )

[0140] WTRU2: (ACK, SR = 0, CS = 3x ),(ACK, SR = 1, CS = 5x ),(NACK, SR = 1, CS = 4x )

[0141] The cyclic shift can indicate the difference in the cyclic shift relative to the base sequence. This mapping can ensure that when the gNB attempts to decode the sequence of WTRU1 with CS = 0x , there is a lower likelihood of misdetecting it as the sequence of WTRU2 with CS = 3x This mapping can reduce the chance of detecting the sequence of one WTRU as another. Additionally, when the gNB attempts to decode the sequence of WTRU1 with CS = 0x there is a smaller possibility of misdetecting it as a sequence CS = 2x for the same WTRU (e.g., for ACK and SR = 1) (compared to (ACK, SR = 0), which may have the second highest coexistence probability).

[0142] The WTRU can transmit a pair of ACK / NACK for a pair of transport blocks (e.g., in the case where the WTRU can successfully decode one of the transport blocks independently of the other within the transport block) and can send (ACK, ACK), (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK).

[0143] The WTRU can use four cyclic shifts of (e.g., the same) base computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate the ACK / NACK pair and / or the scheduling request (SR). Sequences (e.g., each of the four sequences) can be used to indicate a subset of the states listed above and / or whether there is a scheduling request. The sequences can be assigned as follows:

[0144] State 1: (ACK, ACK), and SR = 0,

[0145] State 2: (ACK, ACK), and SR = 1,

[0146] State 3: {(ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK)} and SR = 0, State 4: {(ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK)} and SR = 1.

[0147] The WTRU can use a separate sequence assignment for the (ACK, ACK) case (e.g., when the chance of sending ACK may be the highest). The gNB may not be able to distinguish between the (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK) cases (e.g., when four sequences are assigned). This assignment (e.g., as described above) can be referred to as state bundling or state joint assignment and may result in at most one unnecessary retransmission.

[0148] The WTRU can use four cyclic shifts of (e.g., the same) base computer-generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate the ACK / NACK pair and / or the scheduling request (SR). Sequences (e.g., each of the four sequences) can be used to indicate a subset of the states listed above and / or whether there is a scheduling request. The sequences can be assigned as follows:

[0149] State 1: (ACK, ACK), and SR = 0,

[0150] State 2: (ACK, ACK), and SR = 1,

[0151] State 3: {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR = 0,

[0152] State 4: {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR = 1.

[0153] By only assigning 4 sequences, the gNB may not be able to distinguish between the (ACK, NACK) or (NACK, ACK) cases. This may lead to unnecessary retransmissions. Sequences may not be assigned to the (NACK, NACK) and SR = 0 case, in which case the actions of the gNB may be similar to (e.g., almost the same as) those it would take if it were to receive a sequence (e.g., the gNB may perform retransmissions for each transport block and may assign uplink resources to the WTRU (e.g., since SR may be equal to 0, indicating no scheduling request)). Sequences may not be assigned to the (NACK, NACK) and SR = 1 case, e.g., because this case may have the lowest likelihood of existence. The WTRU in this state may not send a sequence, and the gNB may retransmit two transport blocks (e.g., from this perspective, the actions of the gNB do not change). The gNB may not be aware that the WTRU has a scheduling request until the WTRU indicates the next occasion of its scheduling request (e.g., indicated via one of the sequences assigned to (ACK, ACK) and SR = 1, or {(ACK, NACK) or (NACK, ACK)} and SR = 1).

[0154] The following mapping of cyclic shift sequences to the four states may be used (e.g., for the state bindings disclosed herein). An example of the mapping of the cyclic shift of four sequences to four base sequences may be as follows:

[0155] (State 1, CS = 0x )

[0156] (State 2, CS = 3x )

[0157] (State 3, CS = 1x )

[0158] (State 4, CS = 2x )

[0159] This mapping may ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect the received sequences for States 1 and 2, which may have the highest detection probability.

[0160] The mapping of the four sequences to the four cyclic shifts of the base sequence can be shown as follows:

[0161] (State 1, CS = 1x )

[0162] (State 2, CS = 2x )

[0163] (State 3, CS = 0x )

[0164] (State 4, CS = 3x )

[0165] This mapping can ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect whether the received sequence belongs to WTRU1 or WTRU2 (e.g., in the case where the cyclic shift sequence of WTRU2 is exactly after the cyclic shift sequence of WTRU1).

[0166] The WTRU can use six cyclic shifts of the same base CGS to jointly indicate ACK / NACK pairs and / or SR. The sequences can be assigned to each of the following states:

[0167] State 1: (ACK, ACK) and SR = 0,

[0168] State 2: (ACK, ACK) and SR = 1,

[0169] State 3: (ACK, NACK) and SR = 1,

[0170] State 4: (ACK, NACK) and SR = 0,

[0171] State 5: (NACK, ACK) and SR = 0,

[0172] State 6: (NACK, ACK) and SR = 1,

[0173] When no sequence is assigned to (NACK, NACK) and SR = 0, the behavior of the gNB is similar to (e.g., almost the same as) the gNB receiving a sequence for this state. For example, since the state (NACK, NACK) and SR = 1 may have the lowest existence probability, no sequence may be assigned to the state (NACK, NACK) and SR = 1. The WTRU can send its scheduling request at the next PUCCH opportunity. For example, when When, for a first WTRU, the mapping of the sequences associated with each state to the cyclic shifts of the base CGS can be as follows: States 1 to 6 can be assigned to CS = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. For a second WTRU, the mapping of the sequences associated with each state to the cyclic shifts of the same base CGS can be: States 1 to 6 can be assigned to CS = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 respectively. These mappings can reduce the gNB error detection probability of sequences belonging to the first WTRU (e.g., associated with high-probability states) and sequences belonging to the second WTRU. In another example, when When, for a WTRU, the mapping of the sequences associated with each state to the cyclic shifts of the base CGS can be as follows: States 1 to 6 can be assigned to CS = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or CS = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or CS = 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11 or CS = 0, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11. These mappings can reduce the probability of error detection between the states of the same WTRU. In the example, the mapping can be based on the Gray coding principle, which can ensure that potential error detection between a sequence and its neighboring cyclic shifts only results in one error within the information carried by the sequence (e.g., States 1 to 6 can be assigned to CS = 4, 6, 0, 2, 10, 8 or CS = 5, 7, 1, 3, 11, 9 or CS = 5, 7, 0, 2, 11, 9).

[0174] In the example, in addition to the above six states, there can also be the following two states: State 7 for (NACK, NACK) and SR = 1, and State 8 for (NACK, NACK) and SR = 0 (e.g., covering all possible states, and sequences can be assigned to each of them). For a WTRU, the sequences associated with each state can be mapped to the cyclic shifts of the base CGS in the following way: States 1 to 8 can be mapped to CS = 0, 1, 3, 4, 11, 10, 8, 7 or CS = 0, 1, 4, 5, 11, 10, 8, 7. These mappings can reduce the error detection between the states of the same WTRU. Even if the gNB that receives one of these sequences erroneously detects a neighboring cyclic shift, the error can still be minimized (e.g., only one of the three information segments may be in error).

[0175] Positive SR and HARQ-ACK can be transmitted on the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) in the same time slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is less than or equal to 2 bits, the WTRU can use a PUCCH format of up to 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format A) to transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the SR. If the HARQ-ACK payload exceeds 2 bits, the WTRU can transmit both the SR and the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the HARQ-ACK (e.g., by using a PUCCH format for carrying more than 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format B)).

[0176] Negative SR and HARQ-ACK can be transmitted on the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) in the same time slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is less than or equal to 2 bits, the WTRU can use a PUCCH format of up to 2 bits to transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the SR. If the HARQ-ACK payload exceeds 2 bits, the WTRU can transmit both the SR and the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for the HARQ-ACK by using a PUCCH format for carrying more than 2 bits.

[0177] For PUCCH formats of up to 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format A), the resource can include one or more PRB indices, one or two OFDM symbol indices within the time slot, and / or a group containing two or four sequences / cyclic shifts. The resource can be associated with (e.g., only with) one sequence and / or the cyclic shift of the sequence. For PUCCH formats of more than 2 bits (e.g., PUCCH format B), the resource can include at least one or more PRB indices and / or one or two OFDM symbol indices located within the time slot.

[0178] The WTRU can determine the PUCCH resource or resource group through higher layer configuration and / or DCI. For example, the WTRU can be configured through multiple PUCCH resource groups and identify the assigned resource or resource group within each time slot by using a bit field in the DCI. The size of each resource group can be 1, 2, or 4 resources, which can be a function of the HARQ-ACK payload. For a HARQ-ACK payload of more than 2 bits, the resource group can have 1 resource. For a 1-bit HARQ-ACK payload, the resource group can have 2 resources. For example, for a 2-bit HARQ-ACK payload, the resource group can have 4 resources.

[0179] If the WTRU is configured with 4 PUCCH resource groups, the WTRU can identify the resource group within a given time slot by using a 2-bit bit field within the DCI. In one example, the number of RBs through which the PUCCH is transmitted can be signaled by higher layer signaling as part of the PUCCH resource configuration. In one example, the WTRU can receive the first OFDM symbol index of the PUCCH within the time slot by higher layer signaling and determine the second OFDM symbol index of the PUCCH using a formula.

[0180] The WTRU can use an AND operation to bundle the 2 HARQ-ACK bits. The WTRU can use two resources / sequences to signal HARQ-ACK and / or SR and can apply predefined resource mapping rules (e.g., when a positive SR and 2-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on the PUCCH within the same time slot or mini-slot). The WTRU can use different resource mapping rules to use two resources / sequences to signal HARQ-ACK (e.g., when a negative SR and 2-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on the PUCCH within the same time slot or mini-slot), as shown in Table 2B below:

[0181] Table 2B: Exemplary resource mapping rules for signaling HARQ ACK / NACK

[0182]

[0183] ACK / NACK / SR transmission can be provided (e.g., on a short PUCCH having two symbol durations). Figure 5 FIG. is an example diagram showing ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission. The transmission can use frequency shifted RS and can be implicit. For example, the WTRU can implicitly transmit one or two bits of ACK / NACK and / or SR using different frequency shifts of a reference symbol (RS) sequence (such as a CACAC sequence) within two consecutive OFDM symbols (which can include the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH)). The RS sequence for the two consecutive OFDM symbols can be the same or different cyclic time or frequency shifts of a base sequence. The ACK / NACK or SR signaling can be implicit and can be appended to CSI being transmitted on resource elements not available for RS. Implicit transmission can be an efficient way for UCI signaling within the UL.

[0184] In SR transmission, when the WTRU does not request to be scheduled, the WTRU may not shift the RS within the frequency in the second OFDM symbol, and when the WTRU requests to be scheduled, the WTRU may shift the RS within the frequency, as shown in Table 3. In ACK / NACK / DTX transmission, in the case of NACK or DTX signaling, the WTRU may not shift the RS within the frequency in the second OFDM symbol, and when transmitting ACK, the WTRU may shift the RS within the frequency in the second OFDM symbol.

[0185] Table 3 shows an exemplary mapping of 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX or SR to RS frequency shift in the second OFDM symbol

[0186] Table 3: Exemplary mapping of ACK / NACK / DTX or SR to RS frequency shift

[0187]

[0188] As shown in Table 4, the WTRU may use a lower RS density to transmit a higher number of bits. For example, the WTRU may use an RS density of 1 / 2 to announce 1-bit ACK / NACK or SR in the UL. As another example, the WTRU may use an RS density of 1 / 3 to announce information exceeding 1 bit, such as ACK / NACK / DTX. Discontinuous transmission (DTX) may imply that neither ACK nor NACK is transmitted. An exemplary mapping of ACK / NACK / DTX to RS shift in the second OFDM symbol is shown in Table 4.

[0189] Table 4: Exemplary mapping of ACK / NACK / DTX to RS shift

[0190]

[0191] The WTRU may transmit (e.g., simultaneously transmit) 1-bit ACK / NACK and 1-bit SR by using an RS shift method with a lower RS density of 1 / 4. Table 5 shows an exemplary mapping of ACK / NACK and SR to RS shift in the second OFDM symbol. As shown in Table 5, the WTRU may use four RS frequency shifts to announce 2-bit ACK / NACK information.

[0192] Table 5: Exemplary mapping of ACK / NACK and SR to RS frequency shift

[0193]

[0194] Figure 6FIG. 0 is an example diagram that may illustrate ACK / NACK and / or SR transmissions using time-domain cover codes on an RS. This can be done implicitly. The WTRU may transmit 1-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR by applying a time-domain cover code to a reference symbol (RS) sequence (such as a CAZAC sequence) within two consecutive OFDM symbols that may include a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). This can be done regardless of the RS density of the PUCCH. Figure 6 Two variations of the method can be seen therein, namely having RS densities of 1 / 2 and 1 / 3, respectively. The time-domain code may be a Walsh–Hadamard orthogonal code of length 2.

[0195] Table 6 shows an exemplary mapping of SR to cover codes. When the WTRU is not requesting to be scheduled, it may use the cover code [1 1] on two RS symbols (e.g., which may be equivalent to not applying any cover code). When the WTRU requests to be scheduled, it may use the cover code [1 -1] on two RS symbols. For the transmission of 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX, the WTRU may use the cover code [1 1] on two RS symbols to signal NACK / DTX and use the cover code [1 -1] to signal ACK.

[0196] Table 6: Exemplary mapping of SR or ACK / NACK / DTX to time-domain cover codes on an RS

[0197]

[0198] The WTRU may implicitly transmit one-bit or two-bit ACK / NACK and / or SR by applying corresponding (e.g., different) cyclic time shifts of an RS base sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) within OFDM symbol(s) (e.g., each of two consecutive OFDM symbols) of a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). Figure 7An example diagram showing ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission) by using differential cyclic time shifting for RS is shown. Three exemplary scenarios are shown, namely, RS densities of 1 / 1, 1 / 2, and 1 / 3 respectively. In the case of RS density of 1 / 1, the WTRU may apply a sequence-based scheme for ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission, and may transmit or not transmit other UCI (e.g., CSI, PMI, RI, etc.) within the scenario. When the RS density is less than 100%, UCI, ACK / NACK, and / or SR may be multiplexed on the same PUCCH resource (e.g., short PUCCH resource). For example, to transmit 1-bit ACK / NACK or SR, the WTRU may use a cyclic shift m for RS in the first OFDM symbol and a cyclic time shift n for RS in the second OFDM symbol. If the two cyclic time shifts are the same (e.g., m = n), it may mean that the WTRU is not requesting to be scheduled. When the cyclic time shifts on two OFDM symbols are different (e.g., m ≠ n), it may mean that the WTRU may be requesting to be scheduled for UL transmission. The UL transmission may be PUSCH. To transmit 1-bit ACK / NACK / DTX, the WTRU may use the same cyclic time shift for two RS on two different OFDM symbols to announce NACK / DTX, and use different cyclic time shifts for the two RS to announce ACK. Table 7 shows an exemplary mapping of SR or ACK / NACK / DTX using different cyclic time shifts for RS.

[0199] Table 7: Exemplary mapping of SR or ACK / NACK / DTX using different cyclic time shifts for RS

[0200]

[0201] Figure 8 An example diagram showing SR transmission using RS on-off keying, which may be implicit, is shown. The WTRU may transmit 1-bit ACK / NACK by turning on or off the reference symbol (RS) on the second OFDM symbol of two consecutive OFDM symbols including PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH). This may be done implicitly.

[0202] As shown in Table 8, when the WTRU is not requesting to be scheduled, such as when SR is off, the WTRU may transmit RS on the second OFDM symbol. When the WTRU is requesting to be scheduled, such as when SR equals 1, the WTRU may not transmit RS on the second OFDM symbol.

[0203] As Figure 8As shown at 800, when the WTRU request is scheduled and it is possible not to transmit the RS on the second OFDM, the WTRU may turn off the RS on the second OFDM symbol (e.g., not transmit the RS). The WTRU may distribute the power of the RS over the remaining REs on the second OFDM symbol within the PUCCH used for UCI transmission. The REs turned off on the second OFDM symbol may be interpreted by the receiver as reserved REs without transmission, such as zero-power REs. By distributing the power from the RS to the UCI, the BLER performance of the UCI can be improved.

[0204] As Figure 8 As shown at 802, when the WTRU request is scheduled and it is possible not to transmit the RS on the second OFDM, the WTRU may turn off the RS on the second OFDM symbol (e.g., not transmit the RS). The WTRU may reallocate the REs on the second OFDM symbol to UCI transmission. For example, the RS may not be transmitted on the second OFDM symbol. In this case, the coding rate of the UCI transmission may be very low, which may result in better BLER performance of the UCI. The rate matching of the UCI may be different whether the SR is transmitted or not. Table 8 shows an exemplary mapping of the SR to the presence of the RS within the second OFDM symbol.

[0205] Table 8: Exemplary mapping of the SR to the presence or absence of the RS within the second OFDM symbol

[0206] RS transmitted on the second OFDM symbol RS not transmitted on the second OFDM symbol SR = 0 SR = 1

[0207] Figure 9 An example diagram showing the use of RS with waveform coding for ACK / NACK and / or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission of ACK / NACK and / or SR) is shown. The waveform coding includes PPM, and / or Manchester coding, etc. The WTRU may encode 1 bit of ACK / NACK and / or SR by using multiple on OFDM symbols (e.g., the RS is transmitted) and off OFDM symbols (e.g., the RS is not transmitted). The WTRU may encode 1 bit of ACK / NACK and / or SR by changing the positions of the on and off OFDM symbols. Manchester coding may be applied between multiple (e.g., two) OFDM symbols of a multi-symbol (e.g., 2-symbol) PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH).

[0208] As Figure 9 As shown at 900 and 902 in, the ACK may be encoded as follows: One or more REs of the second OFDM symbol may have energy, while the same REs in the first OFDM symbol may have zero energy. The NACK may be encoded as follows: One or more REs of the first OFDM symbol may have energy, while the same REs in the subsequent OFDM symbol may have zero energy.

[0209] As Figure 9 shown by 904 and 906 in Figure 9 , SR = 1 (e.g., SR is enabled) can be encoded as follows: one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol can have energy, while the same REs of the first OFDM symbol shifted upward by 1 from the one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol can have zero energy. SR = 0 (e.g., SR is disabled) can be encoded as follows: one or more REs of the first OFDM symbol can have energy, while one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol shifted upward by 1 from the one or more REs of the first OFDM symbol can have zero energy.

[0210] The WTRU can use any combination of the schemes given herein for ACK / NACK and / or SR signaling within the uplink. As disclosed herein, the WTRU can use several methods to implicitly announce UCI information of one or more bits. For example, the WTRU can use any combination of the following to announce UCI information of one or more bits: frequency-shifted RS and / or time-domain coverage codes on the RS, differential cyclic time shift for the RS, RS on-off keying, and / or RS with waveform coding, etc.

[0211] Signaling of SR within the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) can be provided. The signaling can be explicit. SR and UCI can be announced within the same OFDM symbol. As Figure 10 shown, UCI and SR can be transmitted by frequency multiplexing the sequences and / or symbols corresponding to the UCI and SR within the frequency. Since the SR and UCI symbols may be separated within the frequency, the same sequence can be used to transmit these two types of data. When the WTRU does not have an SR to transmit, the subcarriers reserved for SR transmission can be loaded with zeros.

[0212] Figure 10 An example diagram for frequency division multiplexing of UCI and SR is shown. SR and reference symbol (RS) can be transmitted on the same subcarrier but on different OFDM symbols. Within the OFDM symbol where SR is not scheduled for transmission, the subcarriers assigned to RS / SR can be used to transmit reference symbols.

[0213] There may be such an OFDM symbol where SR is scheduled for transmission. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request for transmission, the subcarriers assigned to RS / SR can be used to transmit reference symbols.

[0214] There may be an OFDM symbol at which the SR is scheduled for transmission. If the WTRU has a scheduling request for transmission, the subcarriers allocated to the RS / SR can be used for transmitting reference symbols. The receiver can use the SR sequence to estimate the channel and / or decode the UCI.

[0215] Different RS and SR sequences can be selected. For example, they can be different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence, or they can be different base sequences. The sequences can be Zadoff Chu sequences, and / or CAZAC sequences, etc.

[0216] Orthogonality between the sequences transmitted by the WTRU can be achieved in the frequency domain by allocating different subcarriers to the UCI and SR. Orthogonality between the sequences transmitted by different WTRUs can be achieved in the frequency domain and / or by using orthogonal sequences. For example, in Figure 11 WTRU1 and WTRU2 can use orthogonal sequences for the UCI and orthogonal sequences for the SR.

[0217] Figure 11 An example diagram of UCI and SR transmission by one or more WTRUs is shown. The number of subcarriers used for transmitting the UCI and SR, or the number of subcarriers used only for transmitting the UCI or SR, can be different. For example, K subcarriers may be sufficient to transmit the UCI (and the reference symbols for decoding the UCI) or the SR, while 2K subcarriers may be required to transmit the UCI and SR.

[0218] Differences in the amount of resources can be managed. For example, the WTRU can be configured with a certain amount of frequency resources, such as K subcarriers. These resources can be used for transmitting the UCI or SR. When both the UCI and SR are present, the amount of resources can be increased. For example, the resources can be increased to 2K. The amount of additional resources and the index of the additional subcarriers can be determined.

[0219] Figure 12 An example diagram of UCI and / or SR transmission by one or more WTRUs is shown. As Figure 12 shown, when one or more WTRUs do not have UCI to transmit, or are not configured for SR transmission, they can leave the allocated subcarriers unused. This may occur, for example, within an OFDM symbol when the WTRU is not configured for SR transmission. For illustrative purposes, interleaved subcarriers may be shown, but a set of non - consecutive subcarriers can also be used. For example, the UCI and SR can be transmitted on two different sub - carrier groups. The RS that can be used for decoding the UCI may not be shown, but it can be understood that RS transmission may accompany UCI transmission.

[0220] If the WTRU has unused resources, it can repeat the transmission of UCI or SR within those resources. For example, WTRU2 can repeat UCI on subcarriers that can be allocated to SR. Due to coding / extension gain, the transmission power can be reduced accordingly. The WTRU can use two different sequences for SR and UCI. For example, the sequences can be two different basic sequences, or two different cyclic shifts of the same basic sequence.

[0221] Low PAPR transmission can be provided. Figure 13 An example diagram of PAPR transmission for UCI and SR is shown. In the example (e.g., when transmitting UCI and SR within the same OFDM symbol), the PAPR can be reduced by utilizing time multiplexing of the UCI and SR sequences / symbols. As Figure 13 shown, this can be achieved by time multiplexing UCI and SR before DFT precoding. The inputs to different input pins of the DFT block can include UCI and / or SR. After the phase shift operation (which can be optional), the output DFT precoded UCI and SR symbols can be mapped to the same subcarriers. These subcarriers can be consecutive or interleaved. The input to the DFT block can include the vector [UCI SR], e.g., [d1 d2 c1 c2].

[0222] There can be an OFDM symbol at which SR transmission is not scheduled. The resources allocated to the SR can be used to transmit reference symbols.

[0223] There can be an OFDM symbol at which SR transmission is scheduled. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request to transmit, the resources allocated to the SR can be used to transmit reference symbols.

[0224] There can be an OFDM symbol at which SR transmission is scheduled. If the WTRU has a scheduling request to transmit, the resources allocated to the SR can be used to transmit the SR sequence. The receiver can use the SR sequence to estimate the channel and decode the UCI.

[0225] Different RS and SR sequences can be selected. For example, they can be different cyclic shifts of the same basic sequence, or they can be two different basic sequences. The sequences can be Zadoff Chu sequences, and / or CAZAC sequences, etc.

[0226] Figure 14 Another example diagram of low PAPR transmission for UCI and SR is shown. The precoded UCI and SR can be mapped to different subcarriers. The input to the DFT block (which can be loaded with zeros by the first WTRU) can be used by the second WTRU.

[0227] Figure 15 Another example diagram for low PAPR transmission for UCI and SR is shown. The UCI and SR may be mapped to the DFT input in an interleaved manner, and different input pins of the DFT block may be utilized by the UCI and SR symbols. The DFT output may be mapped to the same or different subcarriers, and the subcarriers may be contiguous or interleaved. When the DFT output is mapped to subcarriers, one DFT block may be sufficient. For example, as Figure 15 shown, the input to the DFT block may be [d1 c1 d2 c2].

[0228] Each of the computing systems described herein may have one or more computer processors with memory, the processor being configured with executable instructions or hardware for performing the functions described herein (including determining the parameters described herein and sending and receiving messages between entities (e.g., WTRU and network) to perform the functions described herein). The processes described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware, which may be incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor.

[0229] Although specific combinations of features and / or elements have been described above, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware introduced into a computer-readable medium for running by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electrical signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, buffer memories, semiconductor storage devices, magnetic media (e.g., internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (e.g., CD-ROM discs and digital versatile discs (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any computer host.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor and a memory, configured to: Receive downlink control information (DCI) for a downlink transmission, the DCI including physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) parameters; Select at least one cyclic shift indicating hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), wherein the HARQ feedback for the downlink transmission corresponds to one of a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) for the downlink transmission; And Transmit the PUCCH transmission via one or more resource blocks using the selected at least one cyclic shift.

2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the selected cyclic shift indicates the HARQ feedback for the downlink transmission and a second HARQ feedback for another downlink transmission.

3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the PUCCH transmission is sent using two orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

4. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the DCI indicates the two OFDM symbols for transmitting the PUCCH transmission.

5. The WTRU according to claim 4, wherein a subset of available cyclic shifts is determined based at least on the two OFDM symbols for transmitting the PUCCH transmission.

6. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the at least one cyclic shift includes two cyclic shifts, and the two cyclic shifts include a first cyclic shift for a first OFDM symbol of the two OFDM symbols and a second cyclic shift for a second OFDM symbol of the two OFDM symbols.

7. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the number of available cyclic shifts is twelve.

8. The WTRU according to claim 7, wherein the selected cyclic shift further indicates a scheduling request (SR).

9. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein a subset of the available cyclic shifts indicated by the PUCCH parameters includes four of the twelve available cyclic shifts, wherein the four of the twelve available cyclic shifts are used to respectively indicate: The HARQ ACK and a negative SR; The HARQ ACK and a positive SR; The HARQ NACK and the negative SR; and The HARQ NACK and the positive SR.

10. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the DCI is received via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission.

11. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the PUCCH parameters correspond to a PUCCH resource index.

12. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: Receive the downlink transmission according to the DCI; and Determine one or more resource blocks to be used for transmitting the PUCCH transmission based at least on the PUCCH parameters received in the DCI.

13. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the subset of available cyclic shifts is determined based at least on the PUCCH parameters included in the DCI, at least a first cyclic shift in the subset of available cyclic shifts indicates the HARQ ACK, and at least a second cyclic shift in the subset of available cyclic shifts indicates the HARQ NACK.

14. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving downlink control information (DCI) for a downlink transmission, the DCI including physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) parameters; selecting at least one cyclic shift indicating hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), wherein the HARQ feedback for the downlink transmission corresponds to one of a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) for the downlink transmission; and transmitting the PUCCH transmission via the one or more resource blocks using the selected at least one cyclic shift.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the PUCCH transmission is sent using two orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, the DCI indicates the two OFDM symbols for transmitting the PUCCH transmission, and the subset of available cyclic shifts is determined based at least on the two OFDM symbols for transmitting the PUCCH transmission.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the at least one cyclic shift includes two cyclic shifts, and the two cyclic shifts include a first cyclic shift for a first OFDM symbol of the two OFDM symbols and a second cyclic shift for a second OFDM symbol of the two OFDM symbols.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the PUCCH parameters correspond to a PUCCH resource index.

18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: receiving the downlink transmission according to the DCI; and determining one or more resource blocks to be used for transmitting the PUCCH transmission based at least on the PUCCH parameters received in the DCI.

19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the subset of available cyclic shifts is determined based at least on the PUCCH parameters included in the DCI, at least a first cyclic shift in the subset of available cyclic shifts indicates the HARQ ACK, and at least a second cyclic shift in the subset of available cyclic shifts indicates the HARQ NACK.

20. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU comprising a processor and a memory, the processor and the memory being configured to: transmit uplink control information (UCI) and a scheduling request (SR), wherein the UCI and the SR are transmitted on the same symbol; perform a first multiplexing operation of a first UCI symbol and a second UCI symbol; perform a second multiplexing operation of a first SR symbol and a second SR symbol; Perform a first phase shift operation on the multiplexed UCI symbols; Perform a second phase shift operation on the multiplexed SR symbols; Map the phase-shifted multiplexed UCI symbols and the phase-shifted multiplexed SR symbols to the same subcarrier; Transmit the subcarrier including the mapped UCI symbols and the mapped SR symbols.

21. The WTRU according to claim 20, wherein the subcarriers are contiguous or interleaved.

22. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Transmit uplink control information (UCI) and a scheduling request (SR), wherein the UCI and the SR are transmitted on the same symbol; Perform a first multiplexing operation on a first UCI symbol and a second UCI symbol; Perform a second multiplexing operation on a first SR symbol and a second SR symbol; Perform a first phase shift operation on the multiplexed UCI symbols; Perform a second phase shift operation on the multiplexed SR symbols; Map the phase-shifted multiplexed UCI symbols and the phase-shifted multiplexed SR symbols to the same subcarrier; Transmit the subcarrier including the mapped UCI symbols and the mapped SR symbols.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the subcarriers are contiguous or interleaved.

Images