Method for imitating wild cultivation of dictyophora rubrovolvata in pine and soap mixed forest land

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for imitating wild cultivation of dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pinus massoniana and gleditsia sinensis mixed forest land. The method comprises the following steps: selecting and cleaning the pinus massoniana and gleditsia sinensis mixed forest land, removing bags from dictyophora rubrovolvata clinker mushroom sticks suitable for being planted under the forest, placing furrows, covering rich bacterial fertilizer humus soil, and carrying out imitating wild cultivation under the protection of a rain-sheltering small arched shed and a sunshade net. Aiming at different growth stages of the under-forest dictyophora indusiata, the culture environment is regulated and controlled in time, the nutrient solution and the microbial liquid fungicide in each stage are creatively applied, the hypha soil climbing time is shortened by 3 days, the mushroom egg culture time is shortened by 7 days or above, the incidence rate of dictyophora rubrovolvata diseases and pests is reduced by 10% or above, and the method has the advantages that the biotransformation rate of the mushroom sticks is increased by 5%, and the yield of the woodland dictyophora rubrovolvata is increased. According to the method, the under-forest vacant land is developed and utilized, a greenhouse does not need to be built or soil in the greenhouse does not need to be replaced every year, the soil continuous cropping obstacle problem of bamboo fungus planting is solved, and the cost for building the greenhouse and replacing the soil per mu is saved by more than 10,000 yuan; the method is easy to popularize, and can promote the development of the under-forest bamboo fungus planting industry and under-forest economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wild-simulated cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata under forest, and specifically relates to a method for wild-simulated cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a mixed forest land of masson pine and Chinese honey locust tree. Background Art

[0002] The masson pine forest is a main type of degradation of forest ecosystems in southern China and is also a tree species vulnerable to infection by pine wilt disease. Once invaded by pine wilt disease, it will seriously threaten the achievements of greening and afforestation and the ecological environment. In order to change this situation and protect the masson pine forest from pine wilt disease, it is necessary to adjust and establish a reasonable tree species structure to achieve the effect of preventing pine wilt disease. Transforming the masson pine forest into a broad-leaved and pine mixed forest with broad-leaved tree species as the main population is conducive to the restoration of this degraded forest ecosystem. Chinese honey locust tree is widely distributed in China. It likes light, is slightly shade-tolerant, and prefers a warm and humid climate. As an excellent ecological and economic tree species, the Chinese honey locust tree has a tall trunk, a broad crown, dense leaves and thick shade, and is heat-resistant, cold-resistant, pollution-resistant, drought-tolerant, water-saving, and has well-developed roots. It has characteristics such as strong resistance, easy rough management, long lifespan and wide uses, and can be used as a shelter forest and a soil and water conservation forest. At the same time, the Chinese honey locust tree also has comprehensive values such as nitrogen fixation, wide adaptability and strong stress resistance. It is the first choice tree species for the natural forest protection project and the returning farmland to forest project, can better improve the soil, and can inhibit the occurrence of pine caterpillars when mixed with pine trees.

[0003] In Guizhou, the cultivation technology of Dictyophora rubrovolvata has been using the traditional method of greenhouse cultivation in the field for years. There are problems such as high cost of building greenhouses, frequent occurrence of pests and diseases in the greenhouses, and the need to rebuild greenhouses or replace the soil in the greenhouses for crop rotation every other year, which seriously restricts the development of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata industry. The land under the forest often has advantages such as rich humus content, abundant mineral nutrients, loose soil, small wind force, good shading, easy moisture retention, etc. The country is vigorously developing the forest economy industry. The cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata under the forest can solve problems such as shortage of cultivation sites and soil continuous cropping obstacles, develop and utilize the land, improve the added value of forestry, and has the effect of short-term profit and long-term forest gain. It can provide a beneficial way for the expansion of the forest economy and the rational utilization of ecological resources. The wild-simulated cultivation mode of Dictyophora rubrovolvata under the forest has broad prospects.

[0004] At present, there are mainly two ways to produce the mushroom sticks of Dictyophora rubrovolvata. One is to inoculate solid seeds into the cultivation materials to make mushroom sticks, and the other is to inoculate liquid seeds into the cultivation materials to make mushroom sticks. Comparatively speaking, for the method of inoculating solid seeds into the cultivation materials to make mushroom sticks, it takes 4.5 - 6 months for the mycelium to fill the bag, while for the method of inoculating liquid seeds into the mushroom sticks, it takes 3 months for the mycelium to fill the bag. However, the research and production time of the technology of inoculating liquid seeds into the mushroom sticks of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in Guizhou Province is short. When planted under the forest, only the forest land soil and pine needles or crop straws are covered, relying on the weather. The biological conversion rate of the mushroom sticks is low (≤45%), and the yield of the produced Dictyophora is not high (the fresh Dictyophora yield ≤ 120 g). When the light is too strong, the mycelium, mushroom eggs and fruiting bodies of Dictyophora will turn purplish red, and the appearance quality will be significantly reduced. If there is a continuous drought for more than 15 days or rainy weather, it often causes the mushroom sticks to dry up and die or rot due to anaerobic respiration caused by waterlogging, resulting in a heavy loss of no harvest in the Dictyophora planting forest land.

[0005] In addition, in the vast production areas of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, only the stipes, veils and caps are harvested. Due to the lack of appropriate cooking or processing technical means, the volvas have not been effectively developed and utilized. Generally, pits are dug to throw the volvas into the pits and covered with lime for burial. The volvas are rich in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharide substances. In the present invention, after peeling the volvas, they are boiled over a slow fire, and the cooking liquid is taken and added to the mushroom stick formula to increase the nutritional components such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides in the mushroom sticks.

[0006] Pseudomonas putida is the main bacterial group with biocontrol functions around the rhizosphere soil of plants. The main targets of biocontrol are plant pathogenic fungi, such as Gerlachia nivalis, Fusarium spp., Verticillium dahliae, Colletotrichum spp., etc. In addition, Pseudomonas can also be used for biological insect control, and the isolated secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity include oxazoles, rhamnolipids, etc. The promotion effect of Pseudomonas on plant growth is mainly through the plant growth hormones produced by it. In terms of environmental protection, Pseudomonas is mainly used for the degradation of chemical pesticides, wastewater treatment, oil pollution treatment, etc.

[0007] Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming bacterium, which is widely used in the agricultural field to control pests of various crops. Its insecticidal mechanism is to kill pests by producing specific insect toxins, and it is basically harmless to non-target organisms. Bacillus subtilis is also a common plant growth promoter, which can be used to improve the growth rate of plants, increase the yield and improve the quality. Dictyophora is an edible mushroom, which has relatively high requirements for the soil. Therefore, using a suitable growth promoter helps to improve its growth efficiency. Bacillus subtilis can produce some beneficial substances (such as hormones, enzymes, etc.), enabling Dictyophora to better absorb water and nutrients, thereby promoting the growth and development of Dictyophora. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest in a semi-wild state, develop and utilize the open space under the forest, and avoid the need to build greenhouses or replace the soil in the greenhouse every year. This solves the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles in Dictyophora cultivation and saves the cost of building greenhouses and replacing soil per mu. The Dictyophora rubrovolvata cooked strain rods suitable for planting under the forest are used. After the bags are removed and placed on the ridges, they are covered with enriched bacterial fertilizer humus soil, and semi-wild cultivation is carried out under the protection of rain-sheltering small arch greenhouses and sunshade nets. For different growth stages of Dictyophora under the forest, the cultivation environment is timely regulated, and nutrient solutions and microbial liquid bacterial agents for each stage are innovatively applied to shorten the growth and development time of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, and increase the yield of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest. The present invention is simple, practical and easy to promote, and can promote the development of the Dictyophora cultivation industry under the forest.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest in a semi-wild state, using Dictyophora rubrovolvata cooked strain rods suitable for planting under the forest, and the preparation method is as follows: According to the mass ratio: 50% of Cyclobalanopsis glauca sawdust, 20% of Gleditsia sinensis branch sawdust, 5% of Isatis indigotica branch sawdust, 18% of wheat bran, 4.5% of beet pulp, 1.5% of gypsum, 0.4% of superphosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of urea, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After mixing the above raw materials evenly, add a 1 mg / L aqueous solution of triacontanol, add the cooked solution of the fungus receptacle to make the water content reach 63%-65%, and the pH is 6.5; after weighing and mixing the materials, fill them into polypropylene plastic bags with a specification of 23×45×0.15 cm, sterilize them, and then inoculate with Dictyophora rubrovolvata liquid strain and carry out spawn-running culture.

[0010] Furthermore, the selection and site preparation method of the pine-soap mixed forest are as follows: (1) Select a pine-soap mixed forest with a canopy density of 0.55-0.7, a gentle slope forest land or a valley forest land with a slope of ≤25°. The thickness of the cultivated layer of the forest land soil is ≥10 cm, the soil has good aggregate structure, is loose, fertile, slightly acidic, and rich in humus.

[0011] (2) Clear the forest land and prepare the land Remove the small shrubs and weeds on the ground in the forest land planting area, disinfect the forest land, and collect the needles of Pinus massoniana, the fallen leaves of Gleditsia sinensis, the fallen leaves of Isatis indigotica and the humus layer for standby. Use horizontal strip land preparation, make a ridge surface with a width of 60-90 cm along the slope direction, the ridge ditch is 15-20 cm deep, the distance between the ridges is 0.5 m, and the length is determined flexibly according to the terrain.

[0012] Scrape the 5 cm-10 cm fine soil on the surface layer of the forest land, sieve it through a sieve with a pore diameter of 1 cm-1.5 cm, and prepare 0.5 kg of humic acid fertilizer and 12 m of fine soil per mu. 3. Collect and reserve pine needles of Masson pine, fallen leaves of Chinese honey locust tree, fallen leaves of isatis root, humus layer and fine soil, mix and stir evenly with 50% wettable powder of prochloraz at 0.4g / ㎡~0.6g / ㎡, pile and suffocate for 3 days to sterilize; then spray with 4.3% emulsifiable concentrate of flucyanide and methyl methacrylate at 0.13g / 100㎡~0.22g / 100㎡, pile and suffocate for 2 days to kill insects. Then add 1 kg of fermentation agent to 1.5 tons of finished organic materials (about 2.5-3.5 tons of fresh materials), stir and spread biological fertilizer fermentation agent (100 million / g of beneficial bacteria, powder diameter <0.2mm, pH value: 6~6.5) and mix and ferment. The moisture is controlled at 60~65%, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 70-75℃, and the pH value is adjusted to 6~7.5. The film-covered pile is fermented for 7-12 days, and turned over 2-3 times. After the pine needles and fallen leaves are fully decomposed, 300-400 kg of aqueous solution containing 0.02%-0.05% humic acid is used per mu to thoroughly mix and cover the soil (with rich bacterial fertilizer and humus soil) for later use.

[0013] Preferably, a liquid bacterial agent of Pseudomonas putida is sprayed on the surface of the forest cultivation box, and the preparation method of the liquid bacterial agent of Pseudomonas putida is as follows: The fermentation culture solution was prepared according to the formula of 10-12% corn flour, 5-7% white sugar, 5-7% glucose, 2-3% soybean meal, 0.5-0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.06-0.09% defoamer, 0.03-0.05% active agent, 1 tablet of VB1 / 10L, and the balance was water, and sterilized at 0.1MPa and 121℃ for 25 minutes. The prepared shake flask strain was inoculated into a 150L fermentation tank with a liquid volume of 100L, and inoculated into the fermentation tank with an inoculation amount of 15%, loaded with a sterile air system, with a ventilation volume of 7L / min, and cultured at a constant temperature of 28-30℃ for 38-42 hours to obtain a liquid strain of Pseudomonas putida.

[0014] Furthermore, after the mushroom sticks are unbagged, they are placed on the grid, and sprayed with 4.3% emulsifiable concentrate of fluazifop-methyl at 0.13 g / 100㎡-0.22 g / 100㎡ for insect prevention, and 40% wettable powder of thiabendazole at 0.3g / ㎡-0.4g / ㎡ for antibacterial treatment. On the cultivation bed of the forest land, the mushroom sticks are placed in two rows side by side with a row spacing of 8-10cm, and laid flat on the bed surface with the head and tail connected. A 10-20cm deep ditch is opened at both ends of the bed surface for drainage. After the mushroom sticks are unbagged and laid flat on the bed, they are covered with humus soil with rich bacterial fertilizer, with a thickness of 5-6cm and a water content of about 40%. After covering, the bed surface is arranged into a turtle back shape, and 350-400g / 667㎡ of forest land of Pseudomonas putida liquid bacteria (10 billion cfu / g) is sprayed, and then covered with mulch film for heat preservation and moisture retention. When the soil temperature 5cm below the surface rises to above 12℃, remove the plastic film and cover it with pine needles.

[0015] Preferably, a small rain shelter arch shed is built for protection as follows: At both ends of each cultivation ridge under the forest, special stainless-steel vertical poles with a blunt opening at one end and a sharp end are inserted into the soil for fixation as vertical poles. The fiberglass poles are bent into an arch shape every 0.5 - 0.8 m on the ridge surface and both ends are inserted into the soil. A plastic long rope is strung and fixed along the long side of the cultivation ridge between the blunt opening of the vertical pole on both sides of the cultivation ridge and the arch top of each fiberglass pole to form an arch frame. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film is spread on the arch frame, and the film is fixed at both ends and between the arches of the arch frame with clips. The tip of the red-hot stainless-steel vertical pole is used to burn two rows of water-dripping holes (with a hole diameter of 0.6 - 0.8 cm) parallel to the long side of the cultivation ridge on both sides of the plastic long rope on the top of the shed film of the arch shed at an interval of 10 cm. On both sides of the long side of the arch shed, 0.3 m more film is reserved, and it can be rolled up for ventilation and cooling when the temperature is high.

[0016] (1)Mycelium climbing soil stage management Control the temperature in the small rain shelter arch shed between 18 - 25 °C, the soil moisture content at 35 - 40%, and the air humidity at 75% - 80%. First, spray the liquid bacteria of Pseudomonas putida (10 billion cfu / g) on the ridge surface soil at a rate of 350 - 400 g / 667㎡. One hour later, spray the nutrient solution for the climbing soil stage on the ridge surface soil in 4 times at a rate of 0.5 - 1 kg / square meter.

[0017] (2)Primordium stage management During the primordium stage, roll up the shed film to increase the light to 400 lx - 500 lx, widen the day-night temperature difference and the dry-wet difference, so that the soil temperature is between 16 - 25 °C and the air humidity is 80% - 85%. After 6 pm, pour the nutrient solution for the primordium stage and water together into the soil, soaking to a depth of 5 cm in the ridge surface soil to induce primordium differentiation.

[0018] (3)Egg stage management ① Preparation of Bacillus subtilis liquid bactericide According to the mass ratio: glucose 20 g, white sugar 15 g, starch 15 g, yeast extract 1 g, peptone 5 g, NaNO3 2.5 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4.5 g, CaCO3 5 g, pH 7.0, with the balance being water, sterilize at 0.1 MPa and 121 °C for 25 minutes to prepare the fermentation medium. Pour 5 L of the fermentation medium into a 15 L fermenter from the inlet, and inoculate the shake flask seed liquid into the fermenter at an inoculation amount of 3.5%. Control the temperature, rotation speed and ventilation for cultivation at 36 - 38 °C, with a stirring speed of 205 revolutions per minute. For 0 - 1 h, the ventilation ratio is 1:0.7; after 35 h, adjust the speed to 390 revolutions per minute; for 60 - 65 h, the ventilation ratio is 1:1.1 to obtain the Bacillus subtilis liquid bactericide.

[0019] ② Management measures during the egg stage Control the temperature between 20 - 24°C, keep the soil humidity on the bed surface at 45 - 55%, and the air humidity at 75 - 85%. When the diameter of more than 70% of the mushroom buds reaches 1 cm, spray a nutrient solution for the mushroom egg stage once; when the diameter of more than 50% of the mushroom buds reaches 2 cm or more, uncover the rain shelter film, tie and install two layers of 6 - needle sunshade nets among the trees above the cultivation beds, reduce the light intensity to 200 - 300 lx, and then spray a nutrient solution for the mushroom egg stage once again to prevent the mushroom buds from shriveling or being scorched to death. Three days later, spray the liquid bacterium agent of Bacillus subtilis on the bed surface outside the mushroom egg growth area, and then respray once every 7 - 10 days until the fresh bamboo sun mushrooms emerge from the shell and stop.

[0020] (4)Management and harvesting during the mushroom emergence period During the mushroom emergence period, control the temperature between 21 - 24°C, the soil humidity on the bed surface at 50 - 60%, increase the air humidity to 85 - 95%, and the light intensity at 300 - 400 lx. Spray a nutrient solution to promote mushroom growth on the mushroom body. When the stipe extends out of the mushroom egg and the skirt of the mushroom reaches 3 - 5 cm, harvest and grade for drying.

[0021] (5)Management during the tide - turning period After the first - tide bamboo sun mushrooms are harvested, clean the mushroom stalks on the bed surface, cover the rain shelter film, keep the soil temperature between 18 - 25°C, the soil moisture content at 35 - 40%, the air humidity at 75% - 80%, and supplement and spray the liquid bacterium of Pseudomonas putida (100 billion cfu / g) at 350 - 400 g / 667㎡. When small mushroom buds appear on the soil surface of the bed, spray a nutrient solution for the tide - turning period.

[0022] Furthermore, after the red - capped dictyophora indusiata fungus sticks are bagged and sterilized, inoculate 40 ml of red - capped dictyophora indusiata liquid spawn into each bag. After inoculation, control the temperature in the spawn - running room at 23°C - 24°C, the RH at 65 - 70%, and culture in the dark for 85 days, then the mycelium can fill the bag.

[0023] The working principle of the present invention is derived from the research achievements of the inventor: the wood of Cyclobalanopsis glauca is compact, and it has a good induction effect on ligninase, polyphenol oxidase, and laccase; a low concentration of triacontanol has a significant promoting effect on the growth of Dictyophora rubrovolvata. The present invention improves the formula of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata fungus stick, uses the abundant Gleditsia sinensis branch residues and Isatis indigotica branch residues in the base as raw materials, and reduces the production cost of the fungus stick. At the same time, the active ingredients in Isatis indigotica can resist viruses, inhibit and kill various bacteria; in view of the characteristics that the mycelium of Dictyophora rubrovolvata has high requirements for air and water, the characteristics that beet pulp has strong water retention and the beet pulp and Isatis indigotica branch residues have strong loose air permeability are utilized, and beet pulp and Isatis indigotica branch residues are innovatively added to the fungus stick formula, so that the requirements of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata mycelium for oxygen and water can be maintained after the fungus stick is sterilized, and rapid growth can be achieved. The metabolites of Pseudomonas putida have the function of promoting the differentiation of the fruiting body primordium of Dictyophora, and are also biocontrol bacteria for plant pathogenic fungi such as Gerlachia nivalis, Fusarium spp., Verticillium dahliae, and Colletotrichum spp., and can also be used for biological insecticidal; the insecticidal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis is to kill pests by producing specific insect toxins, which are basically harmless to non-target organisms. Bacillus subtilis is also a common plant growth promoter and can produce some beneficial substances (such as hormones, enzymes, etc.) to enable Dictyophora to better absorb water and nutrients, thereby promoting the growth and development of Dictyophora. In view of the different nutritional requirements of the mycelium of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest for the soil climbing period, primordium period, egg period, fruiting period, and turning tide period, on the basis of timely regulating the cultivation environment, the nutrient solutions and microbial liquid bacterial agents for each stage are innovatively formulated and accurately applied in stages, which has the advantages of shortening the vegetative growth time of Dictyophora, reducing the incidence of diseases and pests of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, and improving the biological conversion rate of the fungus stick and the yield of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest land.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention: Select and clear the garden in the mixed forest land of Pinus massoniana and Gleditsia sinensis, place the cooked fungus sticks of Dictyophora rubrovolvata suitable for under-forest planting, remove the bags and arrange them in ridges, and then cover them with enriched bacterial fertilizer humus soil, and use a rain-proof small arch shed and sunshade net for protection for wild-like cultivation. During the whole process of garden clearing and cultivation management, environmental protection agents are used to kill insects and sterilize the forest land environment, fungus sticks, enriched nutrient soil, and fungus eggs respectively, and different nutrients and microbial bacterial agents are accurately sprayed to reduce the incidence of diseases and pests of Dictyophora rubrovolvata by more than 10%. In view of different growth stages of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest, the cultivation environment is timely regulated, and the nutrient solutions and microbial liquid bacterial agents for each stage are innovatively applied, which is beneficial to the differentiation of the fruiting body primordium and the fruiting of Dictyophora, and improves its appearance quality and yield. The biological conversion rate of the fungus stick is increased by 5%, the yield of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest land (fresh Dictyophora 150 g / stick) is increased, and the production performance of Dictyophora rubrovolvata is improved. The present invention does not need to build a greenhouse or replace the soil in the greenhouse every year, solves the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles in Dictyophora planting, saves more than 10,000 yuan for building a shed and replacing the soil per mu of land, has strong pertinence, is easy to promote, and can promote the development of the under-forest Dictyophora planting industry and under-forest economy. Specific embodiments

[0025] Example: The method of imitating wild cultivation of Hongtuo Zhusun variety Jinsun No. 2 under the forest is taken as an example for elaboration.

[0026] Step 1: According to the mass ratio: 50% of Cyclobalanopsis glauca sawdust, 20% of Gleditsia sinensis branch chips, 5% of Isatis indigotica branch chips, 18% of bran, 4.5% of beet pulp, 1.5% of gypsum, 0.4% of superphosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of urea, 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 ppm of triacontanol, add the boiled liquid of the mushroom stipe to make the water content reach 63%-65% and pH 6.5. After weighing and mixing the materials, fill them into polypropylene plastic bags with the specification of 23×45×0.15 cm, sterilize them, and then inoculate 40 ml of liquid strain of Hongtuo Dictyophora indusiata. Move the fungus sticks to the culture rack in the bactericidal and disinfected mycelium cultivation room, control the temperature at 23℃-24℃, RH at 65-70%, and cultivate them in the dark for 85 days to obtain the cooked fungus sticks of Hongtuo Dictyophora indusiata.

[0027] Step 2: Selection and soil preparation of Pinus massoniana - Gleditsia sinensis mixed forest (1) Select a Pinus massoniana - Gleditsia sinensis mixed forest with a canopy density of 0.55 - 0.7 and a gentle slope or valley woodland with a slope ≤ 25°. It is required that the thickness of the soil tillage layer in the woodland is ≥ 10 cm, the soil has good granular structure, is loose, fertile, slightly acidic, and rich in humus.

[0028] (2) Clear the garden and prepare the soil in the woodland Remove the small shrubs and weeds on the ground in the woodland planting area, and collect the needles of Pinus massoniana, the fallen leaves of Gleditsia sinensis, the fallen leaves of Isatis indigotica and the humus layer for later use. Make a ridge surface with a width of 60 - 90 cm along the slope direction, the ridge ditch is 15 - 20 cm deep, the ridge spacing is 0.5 m, and the length is determined flexibly according to the terrain.

[0029] Scrape the 5 cm - 10 cm fine soil on the surface layer of the forest land, sieve it through a sieve with a pore diameter of 1 cm - 1.5 cm, and prepare 0.5 kg of humic acid fertilizer and 12 m³ of fine soil per mu. 3 Mix the collected needles of Pinus massoniana, the fallen leaves of Gleditsia sinensis, the fallen leaves of Isatis indigotica, the humus layer and the fine soil evenly with 50% prochloraz wettable powder at 0.4 g / ㎡ - 0.6 g / ㎡, and stack them for 3 days for sterilization; then spray with 4.3% beta - cyfluthrin · emamectin benzoate EC at 0.13 g / 100㎡ - 0.22 g / 100㎡, and stack them for 2 days for insecticidal treatment. Then, add 1 kg of fermentation agent to 1.5 tons of finished organic materials (about 2.5 - 3.5 tons of fresh materials), and sprinkle the biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent (beneficial bacterial group microorganisms 100 million / g, powder diameter < 0.2㎜, pH value: 6 - 6.5) while stirring and mixing for fermentation. Control the moisture content at 60 - 65%, control the fermentation temperature rise at 70 - 75℃, and adjust the pH value to 6 - 7.5. Cover with a film and stack for fermentation for 7 - 12 days, and turn the pile 2 - 3 times. After the needles and fallen leaves are fully decomposed, drench and mix them evenly with 300 - 400 kg of aqueous solution containing 0.02% - 0.05% of humic acid per mu for use as the covering soil (enriched bacterial fertilizer humus soil).

[0030] 1. Preparation of Pseudomonas putida Liquid Bacterial Agent Prepare a fermentation culture medium according to the formula of 10 - 12% corn flour, 5 - 7% white sugar, 5 - 7% glucose, 2 - 3% soybean meal, 0.5 - 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 - 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.06 - 0.09% antifoaming agent, 0.03 - 0.05% surfactant, 1 tablet of VB1 per 10 L, and the balance being water. Sterilize at 0.1 MPa and 121 °C for 25 minutes. Inoculate the prepared shake flask strain into a 150 L fermenter with a liquid loading of 100 L, inoculate it into the fermenter at an inoculation amount of 15%, load a sterile air system, with an aeration rate of 7 L / min, and cultivate at a constant temperature of 28 - 30 °C for 38 - 42 hours to obtain a Pseudomonas putida liquid strain.

[0031] 2. Removing Bags and Laying on Beds, Covering with Soil, and Spraying Pseudomonas putida Liquid Bacterial Agent Use a small knife to make two cuts at the bottom of the mushroom stick in a "herringbone" shape, horizontally pull it to both sides to remove the bag, and then place it on the grid rack. Spray with 4.3% beta-cyfluthrin · emamectin benzoate EC at 0.13 g / 100㎡ - 0.22 g / 100㎡ to prevent pests, and spray with 40% thiabendazole wettable powder at 0.3 g / ㎡ - 0.4 g / ㎡ to prevent bacteria. In the forest land cultivation bed surface, place the mushroom sticks side by side in two rows with a row spacing of 8 - 10 cm, parallel to the slope direction, and connect end to end, and lay them flat on the bed surface. Immediately after the mushroom sticks are removed from the bags and laid flat on the mushroom bed, cover them with enriched bacterial fertilizer humus soil, with a thickness of 5 - 6 cm and a water content of about 40%. After covering, level the bed surface into a domed shape, and spray 350 - 400 g / 667㎡ forest land with Pseudomonas putida liquid bacteria (10 billion cfu / g). Open ditches 10 - 20 cm deep at both ends of the bed surface for drainage. Cover with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.5 silk to ensure the growth and soil climbing of the mycelium planted from November to March of the following year. When the soil temperature 5 cm below the ground surface rises above 12 °C, uncover the plastic film and cover it with pine needles.

[0032] At both ends of each cultivation bed in the forest, respectively, firmly insert a special stainless steel vertical rod with a blunt end and a sharp end, 6 mm × 1.0 m, into the ground as a vertical rod. Bend the fiberglass rod into an arch shape every 0.5 - 0.8 m on the bed surface and insert both ends into the soil. Use a plastic long rope to string and fix between the blunt ends of the vertical rods at both sides of the cultivation bed and the top of each fiberglass rod arch to form an arch frame. Spread the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film on the arch frame, and use clips to fix the film at both ends and between the arches of the arch frame to resist wind and rain. Use the sharp tip of the red-hot stainless steel vertical rod to burn out two rows of water droplets (aperture 0.6 - 0.8 cm) parallel to the long side of the cultivation bed surface at intervals of 10 cm on both sides of the plastic long rope on the top of the greenhouse film of the arch shed. Reserve 0.3 m more film on both sides of the long side of the arch shed. When the temperature is too high, it can be rolled up for ventilation and cooling.

[0033] 1. Management during the mycelium soil-climbing stage Control the temperature in the rain-sheltering small arch shed between 18 - 25°C, the soil moisture content at 35 - 40%, and the air humidity at 75% - 80%. First, spray the liquid bacteria of Pseudomonas putida (10 billion cfu / gram) at 350 - 400 grams per 667㎡ on the soil surface of the ridge. After 1 hour, use the special nutrient solution "50 grams of monosodium glutamate + 100 milligrams of vitamin B1 + 50 grams of water", and spray it on the soil surface of the ridge in 4 times at 0.5 - 1 kg per square meter.

[0034] 2. Management during the primordium stage During the primordium stage, roll up the shed film to increase the light to 400lx - 500lx, widen the day-night temperature difference and the dry-wet difference, make the soil temperature between 16 - 25°C, and the air humidity 80% - 85%. After 6 pm, pour the nutrient solution (amino acid 0.01% - 0.05%, calcium and magnesium 0.01% - 0.05%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01% - 0.05%, Vb1 5mg / kg - 10mg / kg) together with water into the soil, and soak it to a position 5 cm deep in the soil surface of the ridge to induce primordium differentiation.

[0035] 3. Management during the egg stage of the mushroom 3.1 Preparation of the liquid bacterium agent of Bacillus subtilis According to the mass ratio: 20 g of glucose, 15 g of white sugar, 15 g of starch, 1 g of yeast extract, 5 g of peptone, 2.5 g of NaNO3, 4.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g of CaCO3, pH 7.0, with the balance being water, sterilize at 0.1MPa and 121°C for 25 minutes to prepare the fermentation medium. Pour 5L of the fermentation medium into a 15 L fermentation tank from the inlet, inoculate the shake flask seed liquid into the fermentation tank at an inoculation amount of 3.5%, and carry out temperature control, rotation speed control and ventilation culture at 36 - 38°C. The stirring speed is 205 revolutions per minute. From 0 to 1 h, the ventilation ratio is 1:0.7; after 35 h, adjust the speed to 390 revolutions per minute; from 60 - 65 h, the ventilation ratio is 1:1.1 to obtain the liquid bacterium agent of Bacillus subtilis.

[0036] 3.2 Management and protection during the egg stage of the mushroom Control the temperature between 20 - 24°C, maintain the soil humidity on the bed surface at 45 - 55%, and the air humidity at 75 - 85%. When the diameter of more than 70% of the mushroom buds reaches 1 cm, spray a nutrient solution once (0.5% brown sugar + 0.1% amino acid + 0.1% calcium tablets + 2‰ zinc sulfate + 2‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5 mg / L triacontanol); when the diameter of more than 50% of the mushroom buds reaches 2 cm or more, uncover the rain shelter film, tie and set up two layers of 6 - needle sunshade nets among the woods above the cultivation beds to reduce the light intensity to 200 - 300 lx, and then spray a nutrient solution once to avoid the mushroom buds from shriveling or being scorched to death. Three days later, spray the liquid bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis on the entire bed surface outside the mushroom egg growth area (the dosage is 120 g / 667㎡, diluted 800 - 1000 times), and then respray once every 7 - 10 days until the fresh bamboo fungus emerges from the shell and stops.

[0037] 4. Management and Harvest during the Mushroom - emerging Period During the mushroom - emerging period, control the temperature between 21 - 24°C, the soil humidity on the bed surface at 50 - 60%, increase the air humidity to 85 - 95%, and the light intensity at 300 - 400 lx. Spray the mushroom - promoting nutrient solution on the mushroom body: 200 kg of magnetized water + 40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3 kg of plant ash (extracted by magnetized water) + 50 g of EM original liquid. Harvest when the stipe extends out of the mushroom egg and the skirt of the mushroom reaches 3 - 5 cm, and classify and dry.

[0038] 5. Management during the Flushing Period After the first - flush bamboo fungus is harvested, clean the mushroom stumps on the bed surface, cover the rain shelter film, keep the soil temperature between 18 - 25°C, the soil moisture content at 35 - 40%, the air humidity at 75% - 80%, and supplement and spray the liquid bacterium of Pseudomonas putida (100 billion cfu / g) at 350 - 400 g / 667㎡. When small mushroom buds appear on the surface of the bed soil, spray the nutrient solution (0.5% brown sugar + 0.1% amino acid + 0.1% calcium tablets + 0.5 mg / L vitamin A, 2‰ zinc sulfate + 2‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5 mg / L triacontanol). The management of subsequent stages is the same as described above.

[0039] Adopt the above - mentioned method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the forest in a semi - wild state. This method selects a site and clears the garden in the mixed forest of Masson pine and Chinese honey locust, places the cooked fungus sticks of Dictyophora rubrovolvata suitable for under - forest planting, removes the bags and arranges them in beds, then covers them with enriched bacterial fertilizer humus soil, and uses a small rain - shelter arch shed and sunshade nets for semi - wild cultivation. For different growth stages of Dictyophora rubrovolvata under the forest, timely regulate the cultivation environment, accurately spray the nutrient solution and liquid bacterial agents of microorganisms for under - forest cultivation.

[0040] The present invention develops and utilizes the open space under the forest, does not need to build a greenhouse every year or change the soil in the greenhouse, solves the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles in the cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata, and saves the costs of building a shed and changing the soil per mu. The present invention is simple, practical, and easy to promote, and can promote the development of the under - forest Dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation industry and the under - forest economic industry.

[0041] Specifically manifested as follows: 1. By developing and utilizing the open space under the forest, there is no need to build greenhouses every year or replace the soil inside the greenhouses, solving the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles in Dictyophora indusiata cultivation and saving more than 10,000 yuan per mu for greenhouse building and soil replacement.

[0042] 2. Shorten the mycelium soil-climbing time by 3 days and shorten the egg cultivation time by more than 7 days, shortening the time required for the growth of the vegetative stage.

[0043] 3. During the whole process of orchard clearing and cultivation management, environmentally friendly pesticides are used to kill insects and sterilize the forest land environment, mushroom sticks, enriched nutrient soil and mushroom eggs respectively, and different nutrients and microbial inoculants are precisely sprayed, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases of Dictyophora rubrovolvata by more than 10%.

[0044] 4. In cultivation management, at different growth stages, different nutrients and microbial inoculants are precisely controlled and sprayed on the environment, which is beneficial to the differentiation of fruiting body primordia and the emergence of Dictyophora indusiata, and improves its appearance quality and yield. The biological conversion rate of mushroom sticks is increased by 5%, the yield of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in forest land (fresh Dictyophora indusiata 150 g / stick) is increased, and the production performance of Dictyophora rubrovolvata is improved.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a wild-like manner in a mixed forest of pine and soapberry trees, characterized by: The red-tubeled bamboo fungus sticks suitable for under-forest planting are used, and the preparation method is as follows: According to the mass ratio: 50% of Cyclobalanopsis glauca sawdust, 20% of Gleditsia sinensis branches and 5% of Isatis indigotica branches and 18% of bran, 4.5% of beet pulp, 1.5% of gypsum, 0.4% of superphosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix the above raw materials evenly, then add 1 mg / L aqueous solution of triacontanol, add the boiled liquid of the peduncle to make the water content reach 63%-65%, pH 6.5; after weighing and mixing the materials, put them into a polypropylene plastic bag with a specification of 23×45×0.15 cm and sterilize them, then inoculate the liquid fungus of Dictyophora rubra for culturing.

2. The method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest in a semi-wild state according to claim 1, characterized in that: pine For the mixed sapodilla forest, select the gently sloping forest or valley forest with the stand density of 0.55-0.7 and the slope of ≤25°; the land preparation method is as follows: remove the small shrubs and weeds on the ground in the planting area of ​​the forest, collect the pine needles of Masson pine, the fallen leaves of Sapodilla tree, the fallen leaves of Isatis indigotica and the humus layer for use; make the 60-90cm wide bed along the slope, the bed ditch depth is 15-20cm, the distance between beds is 0.5m, and the length of the bed is flexibly determined according to the terrain.

3. The method for wild-like cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a mixed forest of pine and soapberry trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use humus soil enriched with bacterial fertilizer as covering soil, and the preparation method is as follows: Scrape the surface soil of the forest land with a depth of 5 cm - 10 cm, sieve it through a sieve with a pore diameter of 1 cm - 1.5 cm, and prepare 12 m of fine soil per mu; Mix the collected and reserved masson pine needles, Chinese honey locust tree leaves, indigowoad root leaves, humus layer and fine soil evenly with 50% prochloraz wettable powder at 0.4 g / ㎡ - 0.6 g / ㎡, and stack and stuffy for 3 days for sterilization; Then spray with 4.3% beta-cyfluthrin · emamectin benzoate EC at 0.13 g / 100㎡ - 0.22 g / 100㎡, and stack and stuffy for 2 days for insecticidal treatment; Then, according to 1.5 tons of finished organic materials or 2.5 - 3.5 tons of fresh materials, add 1 kg of fermentation agent, and sprinkle the biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent while stirring. Among them, the beneficial bacterial group microorganisms are 100 million / g, the powder diameter < 0.2㎜, pH value: 6 - 6.5, and mix and ferment; Control the moisture content at 60 - 65%, control the fermentation temperature rise at 70 - 75℃, and adjust the pH value to 6 - 7.5; Cover with a film and stack and stuffy for fermentation for 7 - 12 days, and turn the pile 2 - 3 times. After the pine needles and leaves are fully decomposed, use 0.5 kg of humic acid fertilizer per mu to prepare 300 - 400 kg of aqueous solution containing 0.02% - 0.05% of humic acid, and drench and mix evenly for use as covering soil reserve. 3 / mu; Mix the collected and reserved masson pine needles, Chinese honey locust tree leaves, indigowoad root leaves, humus layer and fine soil evenly with 50% prochloraz wettable powder at 0.4 g / ㎡ - 0.6 g / ㎡, and stack and stuffy for 3 days for sterilization; Then spray with 4.3% beta-cyfluthrin · emamectin benzoate EC at 0.13 g / 100㎡ - 0.22 g / 100㎡, and stack and stuffy for 2 days for insecticidal treatment; Then, according to 1.5 tons of finished organic materials or 2.5 - 3.5 tons of fresh materials, add 1 kg of fermentation agent, and sprinkle the biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent while stirring. Among them, the beneficial bacterial group microorganisms are 100 million / g, the powder diameter < 0.2㎜, pH value: 6 - 6.5, and mix and ferment; Control the moisture content at 60 - 65%, control the fermentation temperature rise at 70 - 75℃, and adjust the pH value to 6 - 7.5; Cover with a film and stack and stuffy for fermentation for 7 - 12 days, and turn the pile 2 - 3 times. After the pine needles and leaves are fully decomposed, use 0.5 kg of humic acid fertilizer per mu to prepare 300 - 400 kg of aqueous solution containing 0.02% - 0.05% of humic acid, and drench and mix evenly for use as covering soil reserve.

4. The method for wild-like cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in The liquid bacterial agent of Pseudomonas putida is sprayed on the surface of the forest cultivation box. The preparation method of the liquid bacterial agent of Pseudomonas putida is as follows: The fermentation culture medium is prepared according to the formula of mass ratio: corn flour 10-12%, white sugar 5-7%, glucose 5-7%, soybean meal 2-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-0.8%, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.5%, defoamer 0.06-0.09%, active agent 0.03-0.05%, VB1 1 tablet / 10L, and the balance is water, and sterilized at 0.1MPa and 121°C for 25 minutes; the prepared shake flask strain is inoculated into a 150L fermentation tank with a liquid volume of 100L, and the fermentation tank is inoculated with an inoculation amount of 15%, a sterile air system is loaded, the ventilation volume is 7L / min, and the culture is cultured at a constant temperature of 28-30°C for 38-42 hours to obtain a liquid strain of Pseudomonas putida.

5. The method for wild-like cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine and soapberry mixed forest land according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the mushroom sticks are taken out of the bags, they are placed on the grid, and sprayed with 4.3% cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos emulsion at 0.13 g / 100㎡-0.22 g / 100㎡ for insect prevention, and 40% thiabendazole wettable powder at 0.3g / ㎡-0.4g / ㎡ for fungal prevention; on the cultivation bed of the forest land, the mushroom sticks are placed in two rows side by side with a row spacing of 8-10cm, and laid flat on the bed surface with the head and tail connected, and 10-20cm deep trenches are opened at both ends of the bed surface for drainage; after the mushroom sticks are taken out of the bags and laid flat on the mushroom bed, they are covered with humus soil enriched with bacterial fertilizer, with a thickness of 5-6cm and a water content of about 40%; after covering, the bed surface is arranged into a turtle back shape, and 350-400g / 667㎡ of forest land of Pseudomonas putida liquid bacteria are sprayed, and then covered with mulch film for heat preservation and moisture retention; when the soil temperature 5cm below the surface rises to above 12℃, the mulch film is uncovered and covered with pine needles.

6. The method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest in a semi-wild state according to claim 1, characterized in that: Build a small arch shed for rain protection. The specific methods are as follows: At both ends of each cultivation bed under the forest, a specially made stainless steel pole with a blunt hole at one end and a pointed end is inserted into the soil to be fixed as a pole; the glass fiber poles are bent into an arch shape at intervals of 0.5-0.8m on the bed surface and the two ends are inserted into the soil; a long plastic rope is used to string the blunt end openings of the poles on both sides of the cultivation bed and the arch top of each glass fiber pole along the long side of the cultivation bed to form an arch frame; the polyvinyl chloride film is spread on the arch frame and fixed between the two ends of the arch frame and the arch with clips; the red-hot stainless steel pole tip is used to burn two rows of drip holes on both sides of the plastic rope on the top of the arch shed film at intervals of 10cm and parallel to the long side of the cultivation bed. 0.3m of film is reserved on both sides of the long side of the arch shed, which can be rolled up for ventilation and cooling when the temperature is high.

7. The method for artificially cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest land imitating the wild state according to claim 1, characterized in that: Management methods during the understory cultivation period include: (1) Management during the mycelium crawling period Control the temperature in the small arch shed between 18-25℃, the soil moisture content at 35-40%, and the air humidity at 75%-80%; first spray the soil on the surface with liquid bacteria of Pseudomonas putida at 350-400g / 667㎡, and then spray the soil on the surface with the nutrient solution of "MSG 50g + Vitamin B1 100mg + Water 50g" at 0.5-1kg / m2 in 4 times after 1 hour; (2) Management of the basal period During the primordium period, roll up the greenhouse film to increase the light to 400lx-500lx, increase the temperature difference between day and night and the difference between dryness and wetness, make the soil temperature between 16-25℃, and make the air humidity 80%-85%. After 6 pm, mix the primordium period nutrient solution and water together and pour it in, soaking it to 5cm above the soil on the bed to induce primordium differentiation; the formula of the primordium period nutrient solution: amino acid 0.01%~0.05%, calcium and magnesium 0.01%~0.05%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01%~0.05%, Vb1 5mg / kg~10mg / kg.

8. The method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a pine-soap mixed forest land imitating wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management methods during the forest cultivation period also include: management during the mushroom egg period Management measures during the egg stage are: control the temperature between 20-24℃, maintain the soil humidity at 45-55%, and the air humidity at 75-85%; when more than 70% of the buds reach 1cm in diameter, spray the nutrient solution for the egg stage; when more than 50% of the buds reach more than 2cm in diameter, uncover the rain shelter film, tie 2 layers of 6-needle sunshade nets between the trees above the cultivation bed, reduce the light intensity to 200-300lx, and spray the nutrient solution for the egg stage again. , to prevent the mushroom buds from shrinking or dying from burns; after 3 days, spray the Bacillus subtilis liquid agent on the box surface except the mushroom egg growth area, the dosage is 120g / 667㎡, diluted 800-1000 times, and then spray once every 7-10 days until the fresh mushrooms emerge from the shell; the nutrient solution formula for the mushroom egg period: brown sugar 0.5% + amino acid 0.1% + calcium tablet 0.1% + zinc sulfate 2‰ + 2‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate + triacontanol 0.5mg / L; The preparation method of the Bacillus subtilis liquid inoculant is as follows: The fermentation medium was prepared according to the mass ratio: 20 g glucose, 15 g white sugar, 15 g starch, 1 g yeast extract, 5 g peptone, 2.5 g NaNO3, 4.5 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g CaCO3, pH 7.0, and the balance was water. The medium was sterilized at 0.1 MPa and 121°C for 25 minutes. 5 L of the fermentation medium was poured into a 15 L fermenter from the injection port, and the seed liquid from the shake flask was added to the fermenter at an inoculation rate of 3.5%. The medium was cultured at 36-38°C with controlled temperature and speed and ventilation. The stirring speed was 205 rpm, and the ventilation ratio was 1:0.7 for 0-1 h; the speed was adjusted to 390 rpm after 35 h; the ventilation ratio was 1:1.1 for 60-65 h to obtain a liquid Bacillus subtilis agent.

9. The method for wild-like cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in a mixed forest of pine and soapberry trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management methods during the understory cultivation period also include: management during the emergence period and harvesting During the fungus emergence period, the temperature is controlled between 21-24℃, the soil moisture on the bed is 50-60%, the air humidity is increased to 85-95%, and the light intensity is 300-400lx; spray the fungus body with fungus-promoting nutrient solution: 200 kg of magnetized water + 40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3 kg of wood ash + 50 g of EM original solution. When the stipe extends out of the fungus egg and the fungus skirt reaches 3-5cm, harvest it and dry it in grades.

10. The method for wild-like cultivation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata in the mixed forest of pine and soapberry trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management methods during the forest cultivation period also include: management during the tide turning period After the first wave of sunflower harvesting, clean the mushroom stalks on the bed, cover with rain shelter film, maintain the soil temperature between 18-25℃, soil moisture content at 35-40%, air humidity at 75%-80%, and spray 350-400g / 667㎡ of liquid Pseudomonas putida; when small buds appear on the soil surface, spray nutrient solution, and the subsequent management is the same as mentioned above; the nutrient solution formula is as follows: 0.5% brown sugar + 0.1% amino acid + 0.1% calcium tablet + 0.5mg / L vitamin A, 2‰ zinc sulfate + 2‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5mg / L triacontanol.