Rainfall simulation device and rainfall simulation method used in centrifugal environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a rainfall simulation device and a rainfall simulation method used in a centrifugal environment, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, the device comprises a centrifugal device and a rainfall assembly, the rainfall assembly comprises a geotechnical model box, and a water tank, a water pump, a flow regulating valve, a rainfall module and a control module which are arranged in the geotechnical model box. The geotechnical model box is arranged on the centrifugal device, the water pump is connected with the rainfall module through a water pipe, the flow adjusting valve is arranged on the water pipe, and the control module is used for controlling the opening degree of the flow adjusting valve in the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment and controlling the water pump to be started in the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment. The power of the water pump is adjusted according to the water level height information in the water tank, so that water in the water tank is sprayed out of the rainfall module through the flow adjusting valve. According to the invention, real-time and accurate rainfall simulation operation in the centrifugal environment experiment process is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly to a rainfall simulation device and a rainfall simulation method for a centrifuge environment. Background Technique

[0002] With the development of geotechnical engineering and environmental engineering, geotechnical centrifuges are widely used in simulating the development characteristics, disaster-forming characteristics and disaster chain generation effects of soil and water disasters under actual ground stress and disaster-forming environmental conditions. Rainfall is an important inducement for triggering soil and water disasters such as landslides and debris flows. Conducting rainfall experiments based on geotechnical centrifuges is of great significance for studying the influence of parameters such as rainfall patterns, intensities and durations on soil and water disasters.

[0003] Traditional geotechnical centrifuge rainfall devices usually adopt fixed equipment and need to suspend the experiment to carry out rainfall operations by manually spraying water. However, this method not only increases the complexity of the experiment, but also has the defect of inaccurate water spraying, resulting in too large errors in the experimental results and making it difficult to achieve the test purpose of simulating the original engineering geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a rainfall simulation device and a rainfall simulation method for a centrifuge environment, which can realize real-time and accurate rainfall simulation in a centrifuge environment.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a rainfall simulation device for a centrifuge environment, including:

[0007] A centrifuge device and a rainfall component.

[0008] The rainfall component includes a geotechnical model box and a water tank, a water pump, a flow regulating valve, a rainfall module and a control module arranged in the geotechnical model box. Among them, the geotechnical model box is arranged on the centrifuge device. The water pump is connected to the rainfall module through a water pipe, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe.

[0009] The control module is used for:

[0010] In the non-rainfall stage of the centrifuge environment, output an opening instruction for the flow regulating valve. The opening instruction is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve.

[0011] In the rainfall stage of the centrifuge environment, according to the water level height information in the water tank, output a power regulation instruction for the water pump. The power regulation instruction is used to adjust the working power of the water pump so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a rainfall simulation method for a rainfall simulation device in a centrifugal environment. The rainfall simulation method includes:

[0013] Debug the assembled rainfall component.

[0014] Build a model to be tested in the geotechnical model box in the rainfall component.

[0015] Fix the geotechnical model box on the centrifugal device.

[0016] Run the centrifugal device to provide a centrifugal environment for the rainfall component.

[0017] Run the control module in the geotechnical model box to output an opening command for the flow regulating valve during the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, and output a power regulation command for the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank during the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment. The opening command is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve in the geotechnical model box. The power regulation command is used to adjust the working power of the water pump in the geotechnical model box, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module in the geotechnical model box.

[0018] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0019] The present application provides a rainfall simulation device and a rainfall simulation method for a centrifugal environment. The device includes two parts: a centrifugal device and a rainfall component. The centrifugal device is used to provide a centrifugal environment for the rainfall component. The functions of the centrifugal environment are as follows: on the one hand, by changing the centrifugal force, different gravity conditions are simulated or specific physical effects are enhanced, so as to more realistically study the behavior of rainfall in complex scenarios. On the other hand, the processes such as the penetration and erosion of rainfall are accelerated, thereby shortening the experimental time of the rainfall simulation experiment. The rainfall component includes a geotechnical model box and a water tank, a water pump, a flow regulating valve, a rainfall module, and a control module arranged in the geotechnical model box. The geotechnical model box is arranged on the centrifugal device. The water pump is connected to the rainfall module through a water pipe, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe. The control module outputs an opening command for the flow regulating valve during the non-rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, and outputs a power regulation command for the water pump according to the water level height information during the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment. The power regulation command is used to adjust the working power of the water pump, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module. That is to say, the present application can adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve according to the opening command during the non-rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, thereby controlling the flow rate in the water pipe and providing different flow types for the rainfall simulation experiment. Moreover, the present application can control the working power of the water pump during the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment to make it work, pump the water in the water tank into the water pipe, and make the water flow through the flow regulating valve and spray out from the rainfall module, without simulating rainfall by the way of pausing the experiment and manually spraying water. The real-time rainfall in the centrifugal environment is realized. At the same time, during the rainfall process, the water level height in the water tank continuously changes, and the control module can send a power regulation command to the water pump according to the water level height information, thereby controlling the working power of the water pump and realizing the adjustment of the water spraying flow rate of the rainfall module, achieving the effect of accurate rainfall simulation operation.

[0020] In addition, the prior art has a defect that "the flowmeter cannot work stably in the centrifugal environment and the obtained flow data is not real" when obtaining the flow information in the centrifugal environment to control the power of the water pump. Based on this discovery, the present application proposes a method of controlling the working state of the water pump based on the water level height information, which well avoids this defect, so that the rainfall simulation device provided by the present application can stably control the power of the water pump to adjust the water spraying flow rate of the rainfall module during the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of a rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of fixing a rainfall nozzle using a square pipe buckle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of an angle code fixer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural position diagram of a centrifugal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a control module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of some rainfall components provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a front view of the structure of some rainfall components provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a left view of the structure of some rainfall components provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 9 It is a top view of the structure of some rainfall components provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 10 It is a graph of the relationship between water level and time under the first condition provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 11 It is a graph of the relationship between water level and time under the second condition provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Reference numerals: 201 - fixing bracket, 202 - rainfall sprinkler, 203 - square pipe buckle, 301 - fixing bracket, 302 - angle code fixer, 401 - airtight box, 402 - central swivel joint, 403 - large arm of centrifuge, 404 - geotechnical model box, 405 - centrifuge counterweight, 406 - reinforced concrete exterior wall, 601 - ultrasonic level gauge, 602 - water tank, 603 - water pump, 604 - water pipe, 605 - flow regulating valve, 606 - air-water drainage splitter, 607 - rainfall sprinkler, 608 - fixing bracket, 609 - data collector, 701 - geotechnical model box, 702 - water tank, 703 - water pump, 704 - ultrasonic level gauge, 705 - aluminum profile frame, 706 - air-water drainage splitter, 707 - rainfall sprinkler, 708 - PU high-pressure explosion-proof hose, 709 - 360-degree rotating camera, 710 - Hikvision Ezviz S3 action camera, and 711 - loess slope model. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0035] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment is provided, including:

[0037] a centrifugal device and a rainfall component.

[0038] The centrifugal device is used to provide a centrifugal environment for the rainfall component. The centrifugal environment means that the centrifugal force is 0 - 100 times that in the natural environment. The functions of the centrifugal environment are as follows: on the one hand, by changing the centrifugal force, different gravity conditions are simulated or specific physical effects are enhanced, so as to more realistically study the behavior of rainfall in complex scenarios. On the other hand, the processes such as the penetration and erosion of rainfall are accelerated, thereby shortening the experimental time of the rainfall simulation experiment.

[0039] The rainfall component includes a geotechnical model box and a water tank, a water pump, a flow regulating valve, a rainfall module, and a control module arranged in the geotechnical model box. Among them, the geotechnical model box is arranged on the centrifugal device. The water pump is connected to the rainfall module through a water pipe, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe.

[0040] The control module is configured to:

[0041] In the non-rainy stage of the centrifugal environment, output an opening command for the flow regulating valve. The opening command is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve.

[0042] In the rainy stage of the centrifugal environment, according to the water level height information in the water tank, output a power regulation command for the water pump. The power regulation command is used to adjust the working power of the water pump, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and is sprayed out from the rainfall module.

[0043] In the rainfall simulation device for the centrifugal environment provided by the present application, the water pump is connected to the rainfall module through a water pipe, the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe, the control module outputs an opening command for the flow regulating valve to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve, and the control module also outputs a power regulation command for the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank to adjust the working power of the water pump, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and is sprayed out from the rainfall module. In this way, the present application can adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve according to the opening command in the non-rainy stage of the centrifugal environment, thereby controlling the flow rate in the water pipe and providing different flow types for the rainfall simulation experiment; and, the present application can control the working power of the water pump to make it work in the rainy stage of the centrifugal environment, pump the water in the water tank into the water pipe, and make the water flow through the flow regulating valve and be sprayed out from the rainfall module, without simulating rainfall by pausing the experiment and manually spraying water, realizing real-time rainfall in the centrifugal environment. At the same time, during the rainfall process, the water level height in the water tank continuously changes, and the control module can send a power regulation command to the water pump according to the water level height information, thereby controlling the working power of the water pump and realizing the adjustment of the water spraying flow rate of the rainfall module, achieving the effect of precise rainfall simulation operation.

[0044] In addition, the prior art has a defect that "the flowmeter cannot work stably in the centrifugal environment and the obtained flow data is not real" when obtaining the flow information in the centrifugal environment to control the power of the water pump. Based on this discovery, the present application proposes a method of controlling the working state of the water pump based on the water level height information, which well avoids this defect, so that the rainfall simulation device provided by the present application can stably control the power of the water pump in the rainy stage of the centrifugal environment to precisely adjust the water spraying flow rate of the rainfall module.

[0045] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, in terms of outputting the opening command for the flow regulating valve in the non-rainy stage of the centrifugal environment, the control module is configured to:

[0046] During the non-rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, according to an external instruction, an opening instruction for the flow regulating valve is output. The external instruction includes the opening parameter of the flow regulating valve, the rainfall mode, the target rainfall amount, and the control time. The opening instruction is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve.

[0047] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the control module is configured to output a water pump start instruction when the non-rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment transitions to the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment.

[0048] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, in terms of outputting a power adjustment instruction for the water pump according to the water level height information during the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, the control module is configured to:

[0049] If the previous stage of the current stage is the non-rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, when executing this current stage, output the power value of the water pump according to the flow rate set value.

[0050] If the previous stage of the current stage is the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, when executing this current stage, output an adjustment instruction according to the flow rate error, and output the power value according to the adjustment instruction.

[0051] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, in terms of outputting a power adjustment instruction for the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank during the rainfall stage in the centrifugal environment, the control module is configured to:

[0052] Determine the rainfall flow rate set value for the current stage according to an external instruction. The external instruction includes the opening parameter of the flow regulating valve, the rainfall mode, the target rainfall amount, and the control time.

[0053] Calculate the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the structural information of the water tank body and the water level height information in the water tank corresponding to the current stage, and calculate the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage according to the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage.

[0054] Calculate the flow rate error according to the rainfall flow rate set value and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage, and determine the power adjustment instruction for the water pump according to the flow rate error and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage.

[0055] Further, in terms of calculating the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the structural information of the water tank body and the water level height information in the water tank corresponding to the current stage, the control module is configured to:

[0056] Calculate the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the first time during the current stage and the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the last time during the current stage. Specifically, according to V 水箱 =A 水箱 ·h, calculate the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the first time during the current stage and the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the last time during the current stage. Wherein, V 水箱 is the water volume in the water tank; A 水箱 is the bottom area of the water tank, and the bottom area of the water tank is obtained according to the structural information of the water tank body; h is the water level height information.

[0057] Calculate the water volume change value of the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the first time during the current stage and the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the last time during the current stage.

[0058] Furthermore, in terms of calculating the water volume change value corresponding to each moment in the current stage according to the water volume change value of the water tank corresponding to the current stage, the control module is configured to:

[0059] Determine the water volume change value corresponding to each moment in the current stage according to the water volume change value of the water tank corresponding to the current stage and the time period.

[0060] For example, the time period corresponding to the current stage is 10s. Among them, the moment corresponding to the first collection in the current stage is the 191st second, the moment corresponding to the last collection in the current stage is the 200th second, and the collection interval is 10s. Then, determine the water volume change value according to the water level height information at the two moments of the 191st second and the 200th second. Determine the average flow value within the 191s - 200s stage according to the water volume change value and the collection interval, and use the determined average flow value as the measured value of the real-time flow at each moment within the 191s - 200s stage. That is, the measured value of the real-time flow at the current moment (the 200th second) is the average flow value within the 191s - 200s stage.

[0061] Furthermore, in terms of determining the power adjustment instruction of the water pump according to the flow error and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage, the control module is configured to:

[0062] Calculate a first control signal according to the flow error using a first formula, and the first formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Wherein, P(t c ) is the first control signal; ΔQ(t c) is the flow error; is from 0 to t c the cumulative sum of all flow errors ΔQ(τ) within the time; t c is the centrifuge time, t e is the control time; τ is the integration variable, representing from 0 to t c time integration; is the rate of change of the flow error with time; K p is the proportional control coefficient; K i is the integral control coefficient; K d is the derivative control coefficient.

[0065] Determine the power adjustment command of the water pump according to the first control signal and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage.

[0066] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the control module is configured to output a water pump shutdown command when the centrifugal environment rainfall stage transitions to the centrifugal environment non-rainfall stage.

[0067] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the rainfall mode includes a constant function type rainfall mode, a monotonically increasing type rainfall mode, a monotonically decreasing type rainfall mode, and a periodic type rainfall mode.

[0068] Under the constant function type rainfall mode:

[0069] R(t c ) = C.

[0070] Under the monotonically increasing type rainfall mode:

[0071] R(t c ) = C1·t c + C2.

[0072] Under the monotonically decreasing type rainfall mode:

[0073] R(t c ) = -C3·t c + C4.

[0074] Under the periodic type rainfall mode:

[0075] R(t c ) = Asin(ωt c + φ) + B.

[0076] Among them, R(t c ) is the rainfall flow rate, which is related to the centrifuge time t cThe function. C, C1, C2, C3, C4, A, ω, φ, and B are all constants. ω is used to calculate the period, and φ, as the initial phase, determines the starting point of the entire waveform on the time axis. C, C1, C2, C3, C4, A, ω, φ, and B are all fitting values determined through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment begins.

[0077] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the flow regulating valve is a remotely controlled electric ball valve.

[0078] When calculating the flow control of the water pump by the remotely controlled electric ball valve (angle), the angle θ determines the flow adjustment coefficient k corresponding to the opening and closing of the water pump. Assuming the angles are 30°, 60°, and 90° respectively, the corresponding flow adjustment coefficients are K1, K2, and K3:

[0079]

[0080] The rainfall flow formula Q(t c ) is jointly determined by the rainfall pattern R(t c ) and the flow adjustment coefficient k, that is:

[0081] Q(t c ) = R(t c ) · k.

[0082] After different rainfall patterns are combined with the remotely controlled electric ball valve (angle), the rainfall flow calculation formula is:

[0083] Calculation formula under the constant function type rainfall pattern:

[0084] 30°: Q 30 (t c ) = C · K1.

[0085] 60°: Q 60 (t c ) = C · K2.

[0086] 90°: Q 90 (t c ) = C · K3.

[0087] Calculation formula under the monotonically increasing type rainfall pattern:

[0088] 30°: Q 30 (t c ) = (C1 · t c + C2) · K1.

[0089] 60°: Q 60 (t c ) = (C1 · t c + C2) · K2.

[0090] 90°: Q90 (t c ) = (C1·t c + C2)·K3。

[0091] Calculation formula under the monotonically decreasing rainfall pattern:

[0092] 30°: Q 30 (t c ) = (-C3·t c + C4)·K1。

[0093] 60°: Q 60 (t c ) = (-C3·t c + C4)·K2。

[0094] 90°: Q 90 (t c ) = (-C3·t c + C4)·K3。

[0095] Calculation formula under the periodic rainfall pattern:

[0096] 30°: Q 30 (t c ) = [Asin(ωt c + φ) + B]·K1。

[0097] 60°: Q 60 (t c ) = [Asin(ωt c + φ) + B]·K2。

[0098] 90°: Q 90 (t c ) = [Asin(ωt c + φ) + B]·K3。

[0099] The target rainfall V(t c ) is the integral of the rainfall flow Q(t c ) over the centrifuge time:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, V(t c ) is the target rainfall, and t c is the centrifuge time.

[0102] The relationship between the centrifuge time t c and the control time t e is:

[0103]

[0104] Rewrite the target rainfall V(t c ) as an integral with respect to the control time:

[0105]

[0106] The formula involved in this embodiment has been embedded in the control module before the formal test starts.

[0107] Furthermore, the angle of the remotely controlled electric ball valve is controlled by the control module through a PWM signal or a relay.

[0108] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the specific process of determining the rainfall flow set value of the current stage according to an external instruction is as follows:

[0109] Determine the rainfall pattern. Taking the monotonically increasing rainfall pattern as an example, R(t c ) = C1·t c + C2.

[0110] Determine the corresponding flow adjustment coefficient k according to the opening parameter of the flow regulating valve.

[0111] The rainfall flow formula is equal to the product of the rainfall pattern and the flow adjustment coefficient, that is, Q(t c ) = R(t c )·k. Substitute R(t c ) = C1·t c + C2 into it, and we can get Q(t c ) = (C1·t c + C2)·k.

[0112] For each moment within the centrifuge time t c , obtain the corresponding rainfall flow set value.

[0113] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the rainfall component further includes a liquid level gauge, which is arranged directly above the water tank and is used to measure the water level height information in the water tank.

[0114] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the width of the water tank in the centrifugal radial direction is set to be able to satisfy that the water surface slope ratio before centrifugation and in the centrifugal environment is 1%. Since the water surface slope ratio before centrifugation and in the centrifugal environment is very small, the influence of the water surface slope caused by the centrifugal environment can be ignored when the liquid level gauge actually detects the water level height information.

[0115] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the rainfall simulation device further includes:

[0116] A data collector for:

[0117] Collect the water level height information and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage.

[0118] Send the water level height information and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage to the remote control device.

[0119] The remote control device is used to send external instructions to the control module.

[0120] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the data collector is Campbell Scientific CR1000.

[0121] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the rainfall simulation device further includes:

[0122] An image acquisition component, which is used to acquire the image data inside the geotechnical model box during the centrifugal environment rainfall stage and send the image data to the remote control device.

[0123] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the image acquisition component includes a 360-degree rotating monitoring camera and a motion camera. The 360-degree rotating monitoring camera monitors the entire inside of the geotechnical model box by rotating the lens position. The motion camera is used to acquire the image data inside the geotechnical model box at a fixed camera position.

[0124] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the 360-degree rotating monitoring camera and the motion camera work independently and are not directly connected to the control module, but the recording state can be indirectly controlled by the signal of the control module.

[0125] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the number of motion cameras can be one or more.

[0126] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the motion camera is the Hikvision C6CNetwork camera.

[0127] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the remote control device is used to send external instructions to the control module and receive the data transmitted back by the data collector and the image acquisition component. The remote control device can be, but is not limited to, various desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, tablet computers, Internet of Things devices, and portable wearable devices. The Internet of Things devices can be smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, smart in-vehicle devices, etc. The portable wearable devices can be smart watches, smart bracelets, head-mounted devices, etc.

[0128] In another exemplary embodiment, the rainfall module includes a fixing frame and a rainfall nozzle. The fixing frame is used to provide an installation platform for the rainfall nozzle.

[0129] In another exemplary embodiment, the rainfall sprinkler is an adjustable rainfall sprinkler. During the debugging device stage before the formal experiment, the water output of the adjustable rainfall sprinkler in the rainfall module is manually adjusted to make the water output of each adjustable rainfall sprinkler consistent.

[0130] In another exemplary embodiment, the rainfall simulation device further includes:

[0131] A gas-water drainage diverter, which is arranged on the water pipe between the flow regulating valve and the rainfall module, is used to separate and discharge the gas in the water pipe to ensure the stable operation of the rainfall simulation device, and is also used to divert the water in the water pipe to each rainfall sprinkler of the rainfall module.

[0132] Furthermore, the gas-water drainage diverter has one inlet and nine outlets.

[0133] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the rainfall sprinkler 202 is fixed on the fixing frame 201 by the square pipe buckle 203.

[0134] In another exemplary embodiment, the fixing frame is an aluminum profile frame.

[0135] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the fixing frame 301 is grid-shaped, and angle code fixers 302 are arranged at the external included angles formed by the intersections. The angle code fixers 302 are used to ensure the firmness and durability of the fixing frame 301.

[0136] In another exemplary embodiment, the number of angle code fixers can be multiple.

[0137] In another exemplary embodiment, the water pipe is a PU high-pressure explosion-proof hose.

[0138] In another exemplary embodiment, the liquid level gauge is an ultrasonic liquid level gauge.

[0139] In another exemplary embodiment, the model of the ultrasonic liquid level gauge is JMY30A-LL.

[0140] In another exemplary embodiment, the ultrasonic liquid level gauge sends the water level height information of the water tank to the control module through a 4-20mA analog signal or an RS485 protocol.

[0141] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the centrifuge device includes a sealed box 401, a central rotary joint 402, a large centrifuge arm 403, a geotechnical model box 404, and a centrifuge counterweight 405. The centrifuge device is located in a centrifuge laboratory, which is surrounded by a reinforced concrete exterior wall 406 with a thickness of 80 cm and can be used as a shield.

[0142] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the rainfall simulation device further includes:

[0143] A network bridge and a router; the network bridge and the router are used to ensure communication between the remote control device and the control module.

[0144] The router is connected to a network bridge A located on the large centrifuge arm, and a network bridge B is installed on the top of the centrifuge laboratory. This installation method is conducive to transmitting the test data in the high-speed rotating centrifuge to the remote control device outside the centrifuge laboratory and is also conducive to the control module receiving external instructions sent by the remote control device.

[0145] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the communication of the router is coordinated by the control module to ensure real-time access of the remote control device to the test data and external instructions in the centrifuge.

[0146] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the router is of the AX3 model.

[0147] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the network bridge is an omnidirectional network bridge.

[0148] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, each component that needs to be powered is connected to the power supply inside the centrifuge, and the entire power supply line is fixed on the large centrifuge arm.

[0149] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, the functions of the control module include:

[0150] Obtain external instructions.

[0151] Control the recording state of the image acquisition component.

[0152] Control the data collector to collect the water level height (water level height information) and the measured value of the real-time flow rate.

[0153] Control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve.

[0154] Control the start / stop and power of the water pump.

[0155] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 6As shown in the figure, a rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment is provided. The rainfall component in the rainfall simulation device includes an ultrasonic level gauge 601, a water tank 602, a water pump 603, a water pipe 604, a flow regulating valve 605, a gas-water drainage diverter 606, a rainfall nozzle 607, a fixing frame 608, and a data collector 609. A water pump 603 is arranged inside the water tank 602, and an ultrasonic level gauge 601 is arranged above it. One end of the water pipe 604 is connected to the water pump 603, and the other end is connected to the gas-water drainage diverter 606. A flow regulating valve 605 is arranged on the water pipe 604 between the water pump 603 and the gas-water drainage diverter 606. The multiple water outlets of the gas-water drainage diverter 606 are connected to the rainfall nozzles 607 on the fixing frame 608 by using the water pipe 604. The data collector 609 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic level gauge 601.

[0156] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figures 7 - 9 shown in the figure, a rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment is provided. The geotechnical model box 701 serves as the outer shell of the rainfall component. The water tank 702 is a cuboid container and is arranged closely against the inner wall directly behind the geotechnical model box 701. A water pump 703 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 702. An ultrasonic level gauge 704 is arranged directly above the water tank 702. The ultrasonic level gauge 704 is installed on an aluminum profile frame 705. The aluminum profile frame 705 is arranged above the geotechnical model box 701. A gas-water drainage diverter 706 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the aluminum profile frame 705. Rainfall nozzles 707 are arranged at the aluminum profile intersection points on the lower surface of the aluminum profile frame 705. A PU high-pressure explosion-proof hose 708 connects the water pump 703 with the gas-water drainage diverter 706 and the gas-water drainage diverter 706 with the rainfall nozzles 707. A 360-degree rotating camera 709 and a Hikvision Ezviz S3 action camera 710 are installed above the left inner wall of the geotechnical model box 701, adjacent to the lower surface of the aluminum profile frame 705. A loess slope model 711 is placed at the bottom inside the geotechnical model box.

[0157] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a rainfall simulation method for a rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment, including:

[0158] Step 1: Debug the assembled rainfall component.

[0159] Step 2: Build a model to be experimented in the geotechnical model box in the rainfall component.

[0160] Step 3: Fix the geotechnical model box on a centrifugal device.

[0161] Step 4: Run the centrifugal device to provide a centrifugal environment for the rainfall component.

[0162] Step 5: Run the control module in the geotechnical model box to be able to output the opening instruction of the flow regulating valve during the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, and output the power regulation instruction of the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank during the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment. The opening instruction is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve in the geotechnical model box. The power regulation instruction is used to adjust the working power of the water pump in the geotechnical model box so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module in the geotechnical model box.

[0163] Further, debug the assembled rainfall component, specifically including:

[0164] Adjust the router and bridge to ensure smooth wireless communication between devices.

[0165] Only control the rainfall component in the rainfall simulation device to work.

[0166] During the operation of the rainfall component, perform the following operations:

[0167] Check the airtightness of the rainfall component.

[0168] Adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzles in the rainfall module so that the water output of each rainfall nozzle is consistent.

[0169] Check whether the data collector and the image acquisition component are working properly.

[0170] In another exemplary embodiment, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, the monitoring data of the relationship between the water level (water level height information) and time when the rainfall simulation device works in the constant function rainfall mode is given, where the acquisition interval is 1 s. Figure 10 In, the first condition is: the initial water level height is 55 cm, and the gravitational acceleration is 20g. Figure 11 In, the second condition is: the initial water level height is 59 cm, and the gravitational acceleration is 50g.

[0171] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0172] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation device for the centrifugal environment includes: A centrifugal device and a rainfall component; The rainfall component includes a geotechnical model box and a water tank, a water pump, a flow regulating valve, a rainfall module and a control module arranged in the geotechnical model box; wherein, the geotechnical model box is arranged on the centrifugal device; the water pump is connected with the rainfall module through a water pipe, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe; The control module is used for: In the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, output an opening degree instruction of the flow regulating valve; the opening degree instruction is used to adjust the opening degree of the flow regulating valve; In the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, according to the water level height information in the water tank, output a power regulation instruction of the water pump; the power regulation instruction is used to adjust the working power of the water pump, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module.

2. The rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall component further includes a liquid level gauge, and the liquid level gauge is arranged directly above the water tank and is used for measuring the water level height information in the water tank.

3. The rainfall simulation device for a centrifugal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aspect of outputting the power regulation instruction of the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank in the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, the control module is used for: According to an external instruction, determine the rainfall flow rate set value of the current stage; the external instruction includes the opening degree parameter of the flow regulating valve, the rainfall mode, the target rainfall amount and the control time; Calculate the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the structural information of the water tank body and the water level height information in the water tank corresponding to the current stage, and calculate the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage according to the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage; Calculate a flow error according to the rainfall flow rate set value and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage, and determine the power regulation instruction of the water pump according to the flow error and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage.

4. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aspect of outputting the opening degree instruction of the flow regulating valve in the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, the control module is used for: In the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, output the opening degree instruction of the flow regulating valve according to an external instruction; the external instruction includes the opening degree parameter of the flow regulating valve, the rainfall mode, the target rainfall amount and the control time.

5. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is further used for: when the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment is converted to the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, output a water pump shutdown instruction.

6. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the aspect of calculating the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the structural information of the water tank body and the water level height information in the water tank corresponding to the current stage, the control module is used for: Calculate the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the first time in the current stage and the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the last time in the current stage; Calculate the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to the current stage according to the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the first time in the current stage and the water volume in the water tank corresponding to the water level height information collected for the last time in the current stage.

7. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, In terms of determining the power adjustment command of the water pump according to the flow error and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage, the control module is configured to: Calculate a first control signal according to the flow error by using a first formula, and the first formula is as follows: where, P(t c ) is the first control signal; ΔQ(t c ) is the flow error; is the cumulative sum of all flow errors ΔQ(τ) from 0 to t c time; t c is the centrifuge time, t e is the control time; τ is the integration variable, representing the integration from 0 to t c time; is the rate of change of the flow error with time; K p is the proportional control coefficient; K i is the integral control coefficient; K d is the differential control coefficient; Determine the power adjustment command of the water pump according to the first control signal and the working power of the water pump in the previous stage.

8. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The rainfall mode includes a constant function type rainfall mode, a monotonically increasing type rainfall mode, a monotonically decreasing type rainfall mode, and a periodic type rainfall mode; Under the constant function type rainfall mode: R(t c ) = C; Under the monotonically increasing type rainfall mode: R(t c ) = C1·t c + C2; Under the monotonically decreasing type rainfall mode: R(t c ) = -C3·t c + C4; Under the periodic type rainfall mode: R(t c ) = A sin(ωt c + φ) + B; where, R(t c ) is the rainfall flow rate, which is a function of the centrifuge time t c ; C, C1, C2, C3, C4, A, ω, φ and B are all constants.

9. A rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation device further includes: A data collector, configured to: Collect the water level height information and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage; Send the water level height information and the water volume change value in the water tank corresponding to each moment in the current stage to a remote control device; The remote control device is configured to send an external command to the control module.

10. A rainfall simulation method applied to the rainfall simulation device for centrifugal environment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation method includes: Debug the assembled rainfall component; Build a model to be experimented in the geotechnical model box in the rainfall component; Fix the geotechnical model box on a centrifuge device; Operate the centrifuge device to provide a centrifugal environment for the rainfall component; Operate the control module in the geotechnical model box to output an opening command of a flow regulating valve in the non-rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment, and output a power adjustment command of the water pump according to the water level height information in the water tank in the rainfall stage of the centrifugal environment; the opening command is used to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve in the geotechnical model box; the power adjustment command is used to adjust the working power of the water pump in the geotechnical model box, so that the water in the water tank flows through the flow regulating valve and sprays out from the rainfall module in the geotechnical model box.

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