Nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of facility strawberries

Abstract

The invention provides a nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing facility strawberry continuous cropping obstacles, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, applying a biological disinfectant and a nutritional agent after current-season strawberries and before next-season strawberries are planted, and covering a film for high-temperature disinfection; 2, after two seasons of strawberries are continuously planted, dead branches and leaves are ploughed into soil, a soil conditioner is applied, a film is covered for sealing, base fertilizer is applied after the film is uncovered, green manure seeds are sown, then green manure is turned and pressed into the soil, a decomposition agent is applied, and the film is covered for covering and decaying; through a four-in-one technical system of biological prevention and control, organic circulation, structure improvement and precise management, the core defects of environmental pollution, low nutrient efficiency, soil degradation and the like in the prior art are specifically solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, and particularly relates to a nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction cultivation method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse strawberries. Background Art

[0002] Continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries are problems of soil environmental deterioration caused by continuous planting of strawberries for multiple seasons, mainly manifested as high incidence of soil-borne diseases. Pathogens such as Fusarium and Phytophthora accumulate with the increase of continuous cropping years, resulting in frequent occurrence of diseases such as root rot and Verticillium wilt. Soil nutrient imbalance occurs. Strawberries have selectivity in absorbing elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. After continuous cropping, the content of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil decreases significantly, while the residual nitrogen is easily leached and pollutes water bodies. The physical and chemical properties of the soil degenerate, the organic matter content decreases, soil compaction intensifies, the pH value acidifies, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity weakens. Toxic substances accumulate. Phenolic acids secreted by strawberry roots inhibit their own growth, forming a vicious cycle of continuous cropping obstacles.

[0003] At present, people often adopt measures such as chemical disinfection, crop rotation, increasing the application of chemical fertilizers, and physical improvement to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries. However, the above methods still have technical defects. Among them, in the chemical disinfection method, fumigants such as methyl bromide and chloropicrin are often used to kill pathogens. Although the effect is quick and the killing effect is good, it has serious harm to the human body and the environment, and will also kill beneficial microorganisms in the soil indiscriminately, resulting in soil microecological imbalance and reducing the disease resistance of strawberry plants. In the crop rotation method, it is often rotated with non-solanaceous crops to relieve the obstacles. Although this method can effectively overcome the continuous cropping obstacles, crop rotation may lead to the inability to plant crops with higher economic benefits in the short term, thus affecting income, and crop rotation requires a planting plan to be formulated according to the growth cycles of different crops, and requires high planting management requirements. In the method of increasing the application of chemical fertilizers, a large amount of compound fertilizers are often applied to supplement nutrients, which will exacerbate soil acidification and nitrogen and phosphorus loss. In the physical improvement method, high-temperature steam disinfection or deep plowing and sunning are often used, and such operations not only have high energy consumption but also the effect is not lasting enough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction cultivation method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse strawberries, which specifically includes the following steps.

[0005] Step 1, when continuously planting strawberries for two seasons, after harvesting the current season's strawberries and before planting the next season's strawberries, apply 10 - 15 kg / mu of biological disinfectant and 25 - 30 kg / mu of nutrient agent to the soil and cover it with a film. Maintain the temperature under the film at 50 - 60 °C for more than 7 days, and then prepare to transplant the seedlings of the next season's strawberries.

[0006] Step 2: After continuously planting strawberries for two seasons, turn over the withered branches and fallen leaves in the field into the soil, with a turning depth of 15 - 25 cm. Along with the turning, apply a soil conditioner at a rate of 50 - 80 kg per mu, cover the film and seal for 10 - 15 days. After uncovering the film, apply a base fertilizer at a rate of 100 - 200 kg per mu, ridging, sow green manure seeds at a rate of 4 - 6 kg per mu, with a row spacing of 15 - 25 cm. Apply topdressing 20 days after emergence at a rate of 4 - 6 kg per mu. When the green manure plants reach a height of 40 - 50 cm, turn them over into the 20 - 30 cm soil layer, apply 10 - 15 kg per mu of a decomposition agent and cover the film to allow for anaerobic decomposition for 10 - 15 days. After uncovering the film, prepare to transplant the strawberry seedlings of the next season.

[0007] Preferably, before strawberry seedling cultivation, soak the seeds in a disinfectant for 10 - 15 min, then wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and then soak them in a seed germination promoter until the germination rate is ≥90% before sowing.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of the seeds, disinfectant, and seed germination promoter is 1:4:4.

[0009] Preferably, the disinfectant is an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 30% - 50% or a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass fraction of 0.3% - 0.5%. The seed germination promoter includes gibberellin, chitosan, citric acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and water, with a mass ratio of 0.5:1:2:2:1000.

[0010] Preferably, the transplanting amount of strawberry seedlings is 2400 - 2600 plants per mu.

[0011] Preferably, 5 - 7 days before transplanting strawberry seedlings, apply a base fertilizer at a rate of 100 - 150 kg per mu; drip - irrigate a water - soluble compound fertilizer at a rate of 4 - 6 kg per mu during the flower bud differentiation period; spray a foliar fertilizer on the leaves during the fruit swelling period, 40 - 60 L per mu, once a week for 3 consecutive times. Most preferably, the above - mentioned base fertilizer includes decomposed straw, decomposed manure, rice husk powder, and 15 - 5 - 20 compound fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 3:5:1:1. Most preferably, the decomposed straw is one or more of decomposed corn straw, decomposed rice straw, and decomposed wheat straw, and the decomposed manure is one or more of decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed pig manure, and decomposed chicken manure. In the water - soluble compound fertilizer, N:P2O5:K2O = 5 - 10 - 40, and the foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, and water, with a mass ratio of 3:1:1000.

[0012] Preferably, the biological disinfectant in Step 1 includes Trichoderma harzianum powder, Paecilomyces lilacinus powder, and water, with a mass ratio of 1:2:50.

[0013] Preferably, the nutrient agent in Step 1 includes rice bran and molasses, with a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0014] Preferably, the soil conditioner described in step two includes activated carbon, coconut coir, vermiculite, quartz sand, quicklime, and humus soil, with a mass ratio of 10:2:4:3:4:20.

[0015] Preferably, the green manure in step two is one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, milk vetch, and sesbania.

[0016] Preferably, the top dressing in step two is urea, and the composting agent is EM bacteria agent, Bacillus subtilis powder, glucose, and water in a ratio of 1:3:10:300.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] (1) The present invention uses Trichoderma harzianum and Paecilomyces lilacinus as biological disinfectants, selectively inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and retaining beneficial bacteria, avoiding the negative impacts of chemical fumigants on the environment and human body.

[0019] (2) The present invention uses decomposed organic materials such as straw and manure as base fertilizers through compounding, avoiding the problems of eutrophication, soil compaction, and acidification caused by traditional base fertilizers mainly composed of single chemical fertilizers; the present invention combines drip irrigation of low-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers during the flower bud differentiation period, with fast nutrient release, high fertilizer utilization rate, and reduced nutrient waste; the present invention plants green manure plants, and after turning them over and combining with a composting agent, it accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, releases slow-acting nutrients, reduces the dependence on chemical fertilizers, and reduces nitrogen and phosphorus emissions.

[0020] (3) The present invention uses raw materials such as activated carbon, coconut coir, and vermiculite as soil conditioners, combined with high-temperature composting, to accelerate the decomposition of dead branches and leaves, synergistically improve water retention, air permeability, and pH value, and increase the organic matter content in the soil, solving the problem that deep plowing or adding inorganic modifiers can improve air permeability in the short term but cannot increase the organic matter content, and the long-term effect is poor.

[0021] (4) After disinfecting with alcohol or sodium hypochlorite, the present invention combines with a gibberellin-chitosan composite seed germination promoter to enhance the stress resistance of strawberries, solving the problems of low germination rate, poor disease resistance, and susceptibility to diseases at the seedling stage caused by single disinfection or single seed germination in the prior art. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] A local farm was selected, and the following examples and comparative examples were implemented respectively.

[0024] The bacterium agent procurement forms in the following comparative examples and examples are as follows:

[0025] Trichoderma harzianum powder Zhejiang Yicun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Paecilomyces lilacinus powder Shandong Degang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Bacillus subtilis powder Jiangsu Caiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. EM bacterial agent Shandong Nuojie Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Step 1: When continuously planting strawberries for two seasons, after harvesting the current-season strawberries and before planting the next-season strawberries, apply 13 kg / mu of biological disinfectant and 25 kg / mu of nutrient agent to the soil and cover it with a film. Keep the temperature under the film at 55 °C for more than 7 days, and then prepare to transplant the seedlings of the next-season strawberries.

[0028] The biological disinfectant includes Trichoderma harzianum powder, Paecilomyces lilacinus powder and water, with a mass ratio of 1:2:50. The nutrient agent includes rice bran and molasses, with a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0029] Step 2: After continuously planting strawberries for two seasons, turn over the withered branches and fallen leaves in the field into the soil to a depth of 20 cm. Apply a soil conditioner during turning over, with an application rate of 65 kg / mu. Cover it with a film and seal for 12 days. After uncovering the film, apply a base fertilizer with an application rate of 150 kg / mu. Ridges are formed, and milk vetch is sown at a sowing rate of 5 kg / mu with a row spacing of 20 cm. Apply urea 20 days after emergence with an application rate of 5 kg / mu. When the green manure plant reaches a height of 45 cm, turn it over into the 25-cm soil layer, apply 12 kg / mu of a decomposition agent and cover it with a film to ferment for 13 days. After uncovering the film, prepare to transplant the seedlings of the next-season strawberries. The soil conditioner includes activated carbon, coconut coir, vermiculite, quartz sand, quicklime and humus soil, with a mass ratio of 10:2:4:3:4:20. The decomposition agent is an EM bacterium agent, Bacillus subtilis powder, glucose and water in a ratio of 1:3:10:300.

[0030] In addition, soak the strawberry seeds in a disinfectant for 15 min before seedling raising, then wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and then soak it in a seed accelerating agent until the germination rate is ≥90% and then sow. The mass ratio of the seeds, disinfectant and seed accelerating agent is 1:4:4. The disinfectant is an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 40%. The seed accelerating agent includes gibberellin, chitosan, citric acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water, with a mass ratio of 0.5:1:2:2:1000.

[0031] The transplanting amount of strawberry seedlings is 2,500 plants / mu.

[0032] Seven days before transplanting strawberry seedlings, apply 120 kg / acre of base fertilizer; during the flower bud differentiation period, drip irrigate 5-10-40 water-soluble compound fertilizer at 5 kg / acre; during the fruit expansion period, foliar spray 50 L / acre of foliar fertilizer once a week for 3 consecutive times. The above base fertilizer includes decomposed straw, decomposed manure, rice husk powder and 15-5-20 compound fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 3:5:1:1. The decomposed straw is decomposed corn straw, and the decomposed manure is decomposed sheep manure. The foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and water, with a mass ratio of 3:1:1000.

[0033] In addition to the above methods in this example, other field management methods, such as strawberry seedling raising, water management of strawberries, and pest and disease control of strawberries, etc., refer to "Efficient Cultivation of Greenhouse Strawberries", published by China Machine Press, edited by Lu He.

[0034] Comparative Example 1

[0035] The difference from Example 1 is that the method of planting strawberries in this comparative example completely refers to "Efficient Cultivation of Greenhouse Strawberries", published by China Machine Press, edited by Lu He.

[0036] Test Example 1

[0037] Adopt the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to plant strawberries for three years respectively, and count the incidence of soil-borne diseases during the planting process, as well as the soil organic matter content, single fruit weight and soluble solid content after each crop of strawberries is harvested, and take the average value. The results are shown in Table 2. After each crop of strawberries is planted, count the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, phosphorus fertilizer loss and nitrogen emission, and take the average value. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate = (the amount of nitrogen absorbed by the crop / the total amount of nitrogen applied) × 100%. Record the nitrogen fertilizer application rates of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 respectively. After the strawberries are harvested, measure the nitrogen content of the stems and leaves + fruits, and calculate the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate through the formula.

[0039] Set up a runoff collection device in the fields of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 to monitor the phosphorus loss after irrigation or rainfall.

[0040] The nitrogen emission is the total amount of nitrogen not absorbed by the crop discharged into the environment in gaseous (such as NH3, N2O) or liquid (such as NO3 - ) form. Use the static chamber method or gas sampling method to measure the emissions of NH3 and N2O; analyze the nitrate leaching loss through soil solution sampling.

[0041] Table 2

[0042] Example 1 Control Example 1 Incidence of soil-borne diseases (%) ≤15 ≥50 Soil organic matter content (g / kg) 18.6 9.1 Single fruit weight (g) 27-36 18-22 Soluble solid content (%) 10-12 7-9 Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%) 45-50 30-40 Phosphorus loss (kg / mu) 1.2-1.5 3-4 Nitrogen emission (kg / mu) 7-9 13-15

[0043] As can be seen from Table 2, the planting method of the present invention can significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases, phosphorus loss and nitrogen emissions compared with the prior art, and significantly improve the soil organic matter content, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and fruit quality. Therefore, the planting method of the present invention is significantly superior to the prior art.

[0044] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: When planting two consecutive seasons of strawberries, after the current season's strawberries are harvested and before the next season's strawberries are planted, 10-15 kg / mu of biological disinfectant and 25-30 kg / mu of nutrient agent are applied to the soil and covered with film. The temperature under the film is maintained at 50-60°C for more than 7 days before preparing to transplant the next season's strawberry seedlings; Step 2. After planting two consecutive seasons of strawberries, the dead branches and leaves in the field are plowed into the soil, and soil conditioner is applied along with the plowing, with an application amount of 50-80 kg / mu. The field is sealed with film, and basal fertilizer is applied after the film is removed, with an application amount of 100-200 kg / mu. Ridges are formed, and green manure seeds are sown. Topdressing is applied 20 days after the green manure seedlings emerge. When the green manure plants are 40-50 cm tall, the soil layer is turned to 20-30 cm, a composting agent is applied, and the film is covered for rot for 10-15 days. After the film is removed, the strawberry seedlings for the next season are ready to be transplanted.

2. The nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility according to claim 1, wherein Before raising strawberry seeds, soak them in disinfectant, then wash off the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and then soak them in seed accelerator until the whitening rate is ≥90% before sowing and raising seedlings.

3. A nitrogen and phosphorus reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility according to claim 2, characterized in that, The disinfectant is an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 30%-50% or a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass fraction of 0.3%-0.5%.

4. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility, characterized in that, The accelerator comprises gibberellin, chitosan, citric acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water, and the mass ratio is 0.5:1:2:2:1000.

5. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing strawberry continuous cropping obstacles in a reduction facility, characterized in that, Before transplanting strawberry seedlings, apply basal fertilizer at 100-150kg / mu; during the flower bud differentiation period, drip irrigation is used for water-soluble compound fertilizer at 4-6kg / mu; during the fruit expansion period, foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves at a dosage of 40-60L / mu.

6. A nitrogen and phosphorus reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility, characterized in that, The water-soluble compound fertilizer has N:P2O5:K2O=5-10-40, and the foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and water in a mass ratio of 3:1:1000.

7. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing strawberry continuous cropping obstacles in a reduction facility, characterized in that, The base fertilizer includes decomposed straw, decomposed feces, rice husk powder and 15-5-20 compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio is 3:5:1:

1.

8. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a reduction facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological disinfectant described in step one includes Trichoderma harzianum powder, Paecilomyces lilacinus powder and water, with a mass ratio of 1:2:

50.

9. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility, characterized in that, The nutrient agent in step 1 includes rice bran and molasses in a mass ratio of 4:

1.

10. A nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction planting method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries in a cutting facility, characterized in that, The decomposition agent in step 2 is EM bacteria agent, Bacillus subtilis powder, glucose and water in a ratio of 1:3:10:300.