Fish tank illumination, sterilization and water quality monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish tank illumination, sterilization and water quality monitoring method and system.The monitoring method comprises the steps that ultraviolet light penetrates through a light-emitting membrane and then penetrates through a water body in a fish tank, and scattered light spots are obtained at the end of an image capturer; analyzing a light spot size change rule caused by different plankton densities in the fish tank, and constructing a mathematical model to obtain a relationship between the plankton density and the light spot size in the fish tank; measuring and obtaining the plankton density in the fish tank under different light spot sizes, and displaying the parameters of the illumination intensity, the illumination divergence angle, the plankton density, the water temperature, the pH value and the PH value of the fish tank by using a display screen or a remote intelligent terminal device; according to the device, light is used as a medium, the device is free of contact, environmentally friendly and free of frequent sampling, the density of the microalgae solution can be monitored at different positions of the microalgae culture fish tank only by moving the testing device, and meanwhile, the cleanliness and safety of the microalgae culture fish tank are further guaranteed by combining the virus killing function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent fish tanks, and particularly relates to a method and system for fish tank lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring. Background Art

[0002] The fish tank lighting system needs to balance the growth needs of fish and the ornamental effect. Currently, the mainstream fish tank lighting fixtures include fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps, LED lamps, etc. Fluorescent lamps are inexpensive, have mature technology, and high luminous efficiency. However, due to the non - continuity of their spectra, they are not conducive to the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, and they have a high mercury content, short service life, and need to be replaced frequently. Halogen lamps meet the ornamental needs with high color rendering and full - spectrum characteristics, and the spectra are continuous. However, they generate a large amount of heat, consume a high amount of energy, have a short lifespan, and because the light is too concentrated, it is easy to cause the local temperature of the fish tank to be too high. LED lamps focus on environmental protection, have a long lifespan, small size, low heat generation, and adjustable spectra, and can better adapt to the size and environment of various indoor closed water bodies to ensure uniform light source distribution, which is beneficial for multi - functional aquatic plant lighting and observation.

[0003] In addition, the water quality of the fish tank directly affects the health of fish, and sterilization is an important link in maintaining water quality. Currently, the commonly used fish tank sterilization measures mainly include chemical methods, physical methods, and filtration methods. Chemical methods achieve the sterilization effect by using strongly oxidizing reagents to destroy the cell membranes of bacteria. However, they are prone to produce harmful secondary chemical products, posing potential risks to fish and the environment. The filtration method uses ceramic filters or hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes to treat harmful organisms and impurities in the water body, which is environmentally friendly and safe. However, ceramic filters are prone to clogging and require cumbersome maintenance. Ultraviolet irradiation is a common sterilization method in physical methods. It can destroy the genetic material of microorganisms to inhibit their growth and reproduction, achieving highly efficient sterilization, no residue, and no drug resistance.

[0004] Accurate monitoring of the density of planktonic particles in the fish tank is the key to water quality control. Currently, the commonly used methods for monitoring the density of planktonic particles mainly include manual cell counting, dry weight method, light density measurement, and spectral imaging technology, etc. The manual cell counting method is cumbersome to operate, has a large workload, and is easily affected by human errors; the dry weight method is cumbersome to operate, time - consuming and laborious, and cannot monitor in real - time. Although the light density measurement method is relatively simple to operate, it is only applicable to the determination of the linear relationship at a specific wavelength. Although the spectral imaging technology has high precision, it has a high equipment cost, complex operation, and a long analysis process. These methods are complex to operate, costly, and unable to monitor in real - time in practical applications, which limits their application prospects in monitoring the density of planktonic particles in fish tanks.

[0005] With the continuous growth of people's demand for smart home and environmental monitoring, the single functionality of traditional lighting devices is gradually unable to meet the diverse needs of lighting, sterilization, microalgae density monitoring, etc. Most of the existing lighting devices only provide basic lighting functions and lack the ability to monitor environmental parameters (such as humidity, temperature) in real time. For example, in a smart home environment, users not only need lighting but also hope to know the indoor temperature, humidity, air quality and other parameters in real time to better adjust the living environment. However, traditional lighting devices cannot meet these needs, resulting in users having to purchase separate environmental monitoring devices additionally, increasing the cost and complexity of use. Traditional lighting devices cannot be flexibly adjusted according to scene requirements, while multifunctional lighting devices can achieve an organic combination of lighting and environmental monitoring by integrating sensors, microalgae density detection and intelligent control systems, better meeting the needs of users in different scenarios.

[0006] In summary, traditional lighting devices have deficiencies in terms of function, flexibility and intelligence and cannot meet the needs of modern smart homes and environmental monitoring. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a multifunctional lighting device that integrates lighting, humidity monitoring, microalgae density monitoring and temperature monitoring functions, with adjustable lighting brightness and luminous range, adjustable lighting and sterilization power, adjustable disinfection power, and having the advantages of diverse functions, flexibility, high energy efficiency, intelligent control, etc., namely the "lighting-sterilization-water quality monitoring" integrated multifunctional lighting device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a method and system for fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring, which can effectively solve the problems existing in the fish tank lighting and water quality monitoring methods in the prior art, such as not considering the adjustability of the light source, insufficient monitoring accuracy and unsatisfactory sterilization effect, etc. This method respectively performs wavelength conversion, filtering and emission angle adjustment on the ultraviolet laser through a light-emitting film, a filter, a diffuser, etc. to obtain an adjustable light beam suitable for fish tank lighting or ultraviolet sterilization. At the same time, an image capturer is used to capture and analyze the light spot generated by the light beam, study the change law of the light spot size caused by different plankton densities in the fish tank, and construct a mathematical model to establish a direct relationship between the plankton density and the light spot size. Therefore, the present invention can measure the plankton density under different light spot sizes and display parameters such as the light intensity, light emission angle, plankton density, water temperature, water depth and pH value of the fish tank through a display screen or a remote intelligent terminal device, simplifying the monitoring process of important parameters inside the fish tank, improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the fish tank ecosystem.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring, including the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Prepare light-emitting diaphragms of different colors according to lighting requirements, and characterize the light-emitting characteristics of the light-emitting diaphragms; set the power and position of the ultraviolet laser so that ultraviolet light can pass through the light-emitting diaphragm and then pass through the water body in the fish tank, and obtain scattered light spots at the image capture end;

[0011] Step 2: Debug the position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet, collect the light spots, and obtain light spot pictures under different scattering conditions; obtain the discrete relationship data set F1 between the scattered light spot size and the position of the scattering sheet, and the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot size and the scattering degree of the scattering sheet through the light spot pictures;

[0012] Step 3: Under the condition that the scattering position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet are certain, further study the change of the scattered light spot size under different plankton particle density conditions, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F3 between the plankton particle density and the scattered light spot size;

[0013] Step 4: Fit the discrete relationship data sets F1, F2, and F3, and store the obtained function expressions into the calculation and controller for subsequent calls;

[0014] Step 5: When the landscape lighting function is enabled, turn on the filter so that the converted light other than ultraviolet light enters the fish tank, and adjust the scattering sheet to make the light emission angle present a continuously changing light-emitting effect, so as to achieve beautiful landscape lighting;

[0015] Step 6: When the ultraviolet sterilization function is enabled, turn off the filter and the light-emitting diaphragm, and turn on the light-transmitting diaphragm so that ultraviolet light directly enters the fish tank; adjust through the laser controller and the scattering sheet to make the light emission intensity and the light emission angle present continuously changing functions, so as to control the power and the illumination range for sterilizing the water body and achieve efficient sterilization;

[0016] Step 7: Transmit the light-emitting parameters of the ultraviolet laser and the detection parameters of the water quality detector to the calculation and controller, and output the parameters of the illumination intensity, illumination emission angle, plankton particle density, water temperature, acidity and alkalinity, and pH value on its screen to facilitate the user to monitor the water quality and lighting state of the fish tank in real time;

[0017] Step 8: Use traditional methods such as the counting method, microscope counting method or turbidity method to test the plankton particle density, and compare it with the plankton particle density obtained by the method using the ultraviolet laser to obtain the detection accuracy of the plankton particle density of the ultraviolet laser method. If the accuracy is not high, return to step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3 and start step 4 again to optimize the detection accuracy.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically includes:

[0019] Step 11: Select cadmium selenide quantum dots as the light conversion material and mix the cadmium selenide quantum dots with a silica gel solution; by means of conventional methods such as high-temperature curing, cooling, and demolding, make light-emitting films of green, orange, and red cadmium selenide quantum dots about 2 mm in size for light conversion; prepare an ultraviolet laser with a wavelength range of about 254 nm for testing the light conversion effect of cadmium selenide quantum dot films with different emission wavelengths; perform luminescence performance characterization on the above-mentioned quantum dot films and measure parameters such as the emission spectrum, emission peak wavelength, full width at half maximum, and light conversion efficiency of the light conversion material.

[0020] Step 12: According to the light conversion efficiency and light transmittance of the light-emitting film, directly modulate the emission of the ultraviolet laser or adjust the position of the ultraviolet laser to adjust the emission light intensity to ensure that sufficient ultraviolet light can be converted into the required visible light; at the same time, considering the absorption and scattering characteristics of the water body in the fish tank, it is necessary to appropriately increase the light intensity to compensate for the attenuation of light in the water, so as to ensure the brightness and clarity of the light spot.

[0021] Step 13: Debug the position of the image capturer; if the sensitivity of the image capturer is low, it is necessary to increase the light intensity of the ultraviolet laser to obtain a brighter light spot; if the sensitivity is high, the light intensity can be appropriately reduced to avoid overexposure of the light spot; through repeated debugging and optimization, finally determine a suitable power value so that after the ultraviolet light passes through the light-emitting film and the water body, an ideal scattered light spot can be formed at the image capturer end.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes: in the experiment, change the degree of light scattering by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and use the image capturer to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; step 21: Select the spot diameter D as the observation object, and the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, and then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet and measure the corresponding spot diameter D; through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the spot diameter D and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , D i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the spot diameter D again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the spot diameter D and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , D j )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation method of the spot diameter D is as follows: Process the captured spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the spot area, and cutting the non-spot area, and retain the image part containing the spot; set a gray threshold DT , which is used to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background. Pixel points with a gray value greater than D T are considered to be the effective calculation range of the light spot; perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background;; measure the diameter D of the circular area composed of pixel points with a gray value greater than D T , which can be achieved by calculating the diameter of the circumscribed circle of this circular area.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes: in the experiment, change the light scattering degree by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and use an image capturer to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; step 22, select the light spot area M as the observation object, and the specific operation is as follows: first fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding light spot area M; through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the light spot area M and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , M i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the light spot area M again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot area M and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , M i )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation method of the light spot area M is as follows: process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area, and cutting the non-light spot area, and retain the part of the image containing the light spot; set a gray threshold D T , which is used to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background. Pixel points with a gray value greater than D T are considered to be the effective calculation range of the light spot; perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; measure the area M of the circular area composed of pixel points with a gray value greater than D T , which can be achieved by calculating the area of the circumscribed circle of this circular area.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes: in the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and the image capturer is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; in step 23, the ratio of the overexposed light spot area M1 to the total light spot area M is selected as the observation object; among them, the overexposed light spot is located inside the total light spot and the overexposed light spot area M1 is always smaller than the total light spot area M, and the size of the overexposed light spot area depends on the light intensity entering the image capturer; the specific operation is as follows: first, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M; through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M and the position α of the scattering sheet, which is recorded as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , M i , M 1i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , M j , M 1j )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation methods of the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M are as follows: process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area, and cutting the non-light spot area, and retain the image part containing the light spot; set two gray thresholds D T1 and D T2 to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background. The pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 are considered as the total effective calculation range of the light spot, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 are considered as the effective calculation range of the overexposed area inside the light spot; among them, D T2 > D T1 , that is, the gray value of the overexposed area inside the light spot is higher than the gray value of other areas inside the light spot; perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; measure the total area M of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 , which can be achieved by calculating the total circumscribed circle area of the circular area; similarly, measure the total area M1 of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 ; calculate the ratio of M1 divided by M, and observe the change of the ratio of M1 divided by M with the scattering degree S.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically includes: First, under the condition that the position α of the diffuser and the diffusion degree S of the diffuser remain unchanged, gradually change the density ρ of the floating particles in the fish tank; the value range of the density ρ of the floating particles is set as a series of discrete values according to experimental requirements, such as ρ0, ρ1, ρ2,..., ρn, where the subscript n is the number of the nth test; for each set density ρ of the floating particles i , the subscript i is the number of a certain test; measure the diameter D of the scattered light spot through an image capture device i , and record these data; these data points constitute a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , D i )}; alternatively, measure the area M of the scattered light spot through an image capture device i , and record these data, these data points constitute a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , M i )}; alternatively, measure the total light spot area M i and the overexposed light spot area M 1i through an image capture device, and record these data, these data points constitute a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , M i , M 1i )}.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 4 specifically includes: In order to extract more general laws from these discrete data, the data sets F1 and F2 are respectively fitted; for F1, assume that there is a non - linear relationship between the light spot diameter D and the position α of the diffuser, and use the function D(α) = a×sin(b×α)+c for fitting, where a, b, and c are parameters optimized by the least - squares method; for F2, assume that there is a quadratic relationship between the light spot diameter D and the diffusion degree S, and use the function D(S) = d×S2+e×S+f for fitting, where d, e, and f are parameters that can be optimized by the least - squares method; through fitting, two function expressions D(α) and D(S) are obtained and stored in the calculation and control device to quickly predict the light spot diameter D in actual applications, so as to achieve precise control of the light spot;

[0027] The light spot diameter D may show non - linear changes as the density ρ of the floating particles increases; therefore, a general fitting function form is selected to describe this relationship: D(ρ) = A×ρk + B; where A and B are fitting parameters used to adjust the amplitude and offset of the function; k is another fitting parameter used to describe the sensitivity of the change in the light spot diameter to the density of the floating particles; by adjusting these parameters, the fitting function can better match the experimental data;

[0028] Store the function expressions D(α), D(S), and D(ρ) obtained by fitting into the calculation and control unit; in practical applications, by measuring the spot diameter D, the density ρ of the planktonic particles in the fish tank can be inversely calculated using this function, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of water quality; in addition, this function can also be used to optimize the lighting and sterilization effects, and by adjusting the density of planktonic particles, the best light scattering effect can be achieved.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 8 specifically includes: using traditional methods such as the counting method, microscopic counting method, or turbidity method to test the density of planktonic particles in the fish tank, obtaining a set of reference data, denoted as ρ t ; at the same time, using the method of an ultraviolet laser to detect the same water sample, obtaining another set of data ρ m ; by calculating the difference between the two sets of data and quantifying it as an accuracy rate index to evaluate the detection accuracy of the method of the present invention, the calculation formula for the accuracy rate is:

[0030]

[0031] where N is the number of test samples, ρ t,i is the density of planktonic particles of the i-th sample measured by the traditional method, and ρ m,i is the density of planktonic particles measured by the method of the ultraviolet laser; the value of the accuracy rate ranges from 0 to 1, and the closer the accuracy rate value is to 1, the closer the detection result of the method of the ultraviolet laser is to the reference value of the traditional method, and the higher the accuracy rate; if the calculated accuracy rate is lower than the predefined threshold, it is considered that the detection accuracy is not ideal and the system needs to be optimized; at this time, return to step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3, including adding more test samples of planktonic particle density to enrich the data set, or recalibrating the existing data to ensure its accuracy and consistency; subsequently, use the corrected data set to perform mathematical fitting again, update the relationship model between the planktonic particle density and the spot size, and store the new function expression into the calculation and control unit.

[0032] An embodiment of the present invention provides a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system for implementing a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method as described in the above embodiment. The system includes a fish tank (12), a computing and controller (14), and a power supply (16). A water quality detector (13) is provided inside the fish tank (12). An ultraviolet laser device is provided on the right side of the fish tank (12), and an image capturer (11) is provided on the left side of the fish tank (12). The ultraviolet laser device includes a lamp housing (10). A laser controller (1) and an ultraviolet laser (2) electrically connected to the laser controller (1) are provided on the right side wall of the lamp housing (10). In the direction of the fish tank (12), a laser controller (1), an ultraviolet laser (2), a light-emitting film (3), a scattering sheet (4), and a filter (5) are sequentially provided on the lamp housing (10). A regulator control system (9) is provided at the bottom of the lamp housing (10). A rotary light-emitting film regulator (6), a rotary scattering sheet regulator (7), and a rotary filter regulator (8) are sequentially provided on the top housing of the lamp housing (10). The power supply (16) powers the monitoring system.

[0033] The computing and controller (14) is configured to: store the measured discrete data set, the fitted function expression, and the calculated data set; calculate parameters such as the light intensity, light divergence angle, plankton density, water temperature, acidity and alkalinity, pH value, etc. of the fish tank; connect to a display screen (15) and display the above parameters on the display screen (15) for users to observe; connect remotely to an intelligent terminal device and display the above parameters on the intelligent terminal device for users to observe.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wavelength range of the ultraviolet laser (2) is selected from the ultraviolet light band for disinfection, and the wavelength range of the UVC band is between 200 - 280 nm. The material of the light-emitting film (3) is any one of light conversion materials such as phosphor, quantum dot, perovskite, and organic dye. The scattering sheet (4) is a combined structure of a glass substrate and a polymer, carbonate polyester, frosted glass, or acrylic material layer.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method and system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The present invention combines image processing and proposes a method for calculating the microalgae density through various methods such as spot diameter, total spot area, overexposed spot area, and overexposed spot area / total spot area. Through the comparison of experimental test results, a data fitting degree and test accuracy rate close to 100% are obtained, providing a convenient and reliable method for measuring the microalgae density.

[0037] (2) The present invention integrates functions of lighting, disinfection, microalgae density calculation, and screen display, achieving the multi-functionality of the fish tank light. This design avoids the trouble of users having to separately purchase and install multiple devices, reduces equipment costs and installation complexity, enhances the coordination between devices, and is applicable to scenarios with high space and function requirements such as laboratories, microalgae farms, and aquariums.

[0038] (3) The present invention uses light as a medium, is contactless and environmentally friendly, and does not have the problem of frequent sampling. Only by moving the test device, the density of the microalgae solution can be monitored at different parts of the microalgae culture fish tank, avoiding the pollution of the microalgae culture fish tank caused by frequent sampling. At the same time, combined with the disinfection function, it further ensures the cleanliness and safety of the microalgae culture fish tank.

[0039] (4) The overall lighting source or components of the lighting source of the present invention can be freely replaced, and can be flexibly switched between the sterilization light source and the lighting light source according to actual needs. This design enables the fish tank light to flexibly adapt to different scenarios. For example, the sterilization light source is used during water purification to kill harmful microorganisms; the lighting light source is switched to during microalgae density monitoring to provide suitable lighting conditions for image recognition. This scenario adaptability significantly improves the practicality and flexibility of the system.

[0040] (5) The brightness and luminous range of the lighting source of the present invention are adjustable. According to the size and shape of the fish tank, the lighting range can be adjusted to ensure uniform light distribution, avoiding excessive or insufficient local lighting, so as to adapt to different microalgae density measurement environments. Secondly, according to the needs of landscape lighting, the present invention can use the same method to set one or more lighting sources for fish tank lighting, which has good expandability.

[0041] (6) The ultraviolet disinfection power of the present invention can be adjusted according to user needs. By adjusting parameters such as the light intensity of the ultraviolet laser, the lighting position, and the position of the scattering sheet, users can flexibly control the ultraviolet light power entering the fish tank and achieve an efficient and convenient disinfection function.

[0042] (7) The present invention is equipped with an intuitive user interface. The system status and monitoring data are displayed on the screen, and users can easily view and adjust the system settings. In addition, the system can also be remotely controlled and monitored through a mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer), enabling users to manage the fish tank environment anytime and anywhere. Description of the Drawings

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic side view of a light-emitting device in a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 4 It is the fitting result of characterizing the microalgae density ρ by the overexposed spot area M1 / total spot area M under the condition that the test distance is 10 cm.

[0048] Figure 5 It is the fitting result of characterizing the microalgae density ρ by the overexposed spot area M1 / total spot area M under the condition that the test distance is 20 cm.

[0049] Figure 6 It is the change trend of the overexposed spot area M1 under different microalgae density ρ conditions under the conditions that the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively.

[0050] Figure 7 It is the change trend of the total spot area M under different microalgae density ρ conditions under the conditions that the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively.

[0051] Figure 8 It is the change trend of the total spot diameter D under different microalgae density ρ conditions under the conditions that the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application. When referring to the installation position or direction of the structure or components in this embodiment, the "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientation of the given drawings. They are only for convenience of description to distinguish the relative positions of each component or direction, and do not represent the orientation when the system or functional components in this embodiment are in use.

[0053] As Figure 3 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fish tank lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring, including the following steps:

[0054] Step 1, prepare light-emitting film sheets of different colors according to lighting requirements, and characterize the light-emitting characteristics of the light-emitting film sheets; set the power and position of the ultraviolet laser so that ultraviolet light can pass through the light-emitting film sheet and then pass through the water body in the fish tank, and obtain scattered light spots at the image capture end;

[0055] Step 2, debug the position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet, collect the light spots, and obtain light spot pictures under different scattering conditions; obtain the discrete relationship data set F1 between the scattered light spot size and the position of the scattering sheet, and the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot size and the scattering degree of the scattering sheet through the light spot pictures;

[0056] Step 3, under the condition that the scattering position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet are certain, further study the change of the scattered light spot size under different plankton particle density conditions, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F3 between the plankton particle density and the scattered light spot size;

[0057] Step 4, fit the discrete relationship data sets F1, F2, and F3, and store the obtained function expressions into the calculation and controller for subsequent calling;

[0058] Step 5, when the landscape lighting function is enabled, turn on the filter to allow the converted light other than ultraviolet light to enter the fish tank, and adjust the light emission angle to present a continuously changing light-emitting effect through the adjustment of the scattering sheet, so as to achieve beautiful landscape lighting;

[0059] Step 6, when the ultraviolet sterilization function is enabled, turn off the filter and the light-emitting film sheet, turn on the light-transmitting film sheet, so that ultraviolet light directly enters the fish tank; through the adjustment of the laser controller and the scattering sheet, make the light emission intensity and the light emission angle present a continuously changing function, so as to control the power and the illumination range for sterilizing the water body, and achieve efficient sterilization;

[0060] Step 7: Transmit the emission parameters of the ultraviolet laser and the detection parameters of the water quality detector to the calculation and control unit, and output the parameters of light intensity, light emission angle, density of planktonic particles, water temperature, acidity, and pH value on its screen, so as to facilitate the user to monitor the water quality and lighting status of the fish tank in real time;

[0061] Step 8: Use traditional methods such as the counting method, microscopic counting method, or turbidity method to test the density of planktonic particles, and compare it with the density of planktonic particles obtained by using the ultraviolet laser method to obtain the detection accuracy rate of the density of planktonic particles by the ultraviolet laser method. If the accuracy rate is not high, return to step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3 and restart step 4 to optimize the detection accuracy.

[0062] Through the above steps 1-8, the present invention can realize the multi-functional integrated operation of landscape lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring of the fish tank.

[0063] Step 1 specifically includes:

[0064] Step 11: Select cadmium selenide quantum dots as the light conversion material, and mix the cadmium selenide quantum dots with a silica gel solution; through conventional methods of high-temperature curing, cooling, and demolding, make light-emitting film sheets of green, orange, and red cadmium selenide quantum dots about 2 mm in size for light conversion; prepare an ultraviolet laser with a wavelength range of about 254 nm for testing the light conversion effect of different emission wavelengths on the cadmium selenide quantum dot film sheets; perform luminescence property characterization on the above quantum dot film sheets, and measure the parameters of the luminescence spectrum, peak emission wavelength, full width at half maximum, and light conversion efficiency of the light conversion material;

[0065] Step 12: According to the light conversion efficiency and light transmittance of the light-emitting film sheets, directly modulate the emission of the ultraviolet laser or adjust the position of the ultraviolet laser to adjust the emission light intensity to ensure that sufficient ultraviolet light can be converted into the required visible light; at the same time, considering the absorption and scattering characteristics of the water body in the fish tank, it is necessary to appropriately increase the light intensity to compensate for the attenuation of light in the water, so as to ensure the brightness and clarity of the light spot.

[0066] Step 13: Debug the position of the image capturer; if the sensitivity of the image capturer is low, it is necessary to increase the light intensity of the ultraviolet laser to obtain a brighter light spot; if the sensitivity is high, the light intensity can be appropriately reduced to avoid overexposure of the light spot. Through repeated debugging and optimization, finally determine a suitable power value so that after the ultraviolet light passes through the light-emitting film sheet and the water body, an ideal scattered light spot can be formed at the image capturer end.

[0067] Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and an image capturer is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; Step 21, taking the selected light spot diameter D as the observation object, the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding light spot diameter D; Through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the light spot diameter D and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , D i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; Then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the light spot diameter D again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot diameter D and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , D j )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; The specific calculation method of the light spot diameter D is as follows: 1) Process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area and removing the non-light spot area, and only retaining the image part containing the light spot; 2) Set a gray threshold D T , which is used to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T are considered as the effective calculation range of the light spot; 3) Perform a binary operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; 4) Measure the diameter D of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T , which can be achieved by calculating the circumscribed circle diameter of this circular area.

[0068] In the above measurement process, in addition to selecting the light spot diameter D as the observation object, the light spot area M can also be selected as the observation object. Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and an image capturer is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; Step 22, taking the selected light spot area M as the observation object, the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding light spot area M; Through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the light spot area M and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , M i)}, where the subscript \(i\) is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scatterer and change the scattering degree \(S\), and measure the spot area \(M\) again, thus obtaining a discrete relationship data set \(F_2\) between the spot area \(M\) and the scattering degree \(S\), in the form of \(F_2=\{(S j ,M i )}\) where the subscript \(j\) is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation method of the spot area \(M\) is as follows: 1) Process the captured spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the spot area, and cutting the non-spot area, and retain the part of the image containing the spot; 2) Set a gray threshold \(D T \) to distinguish the pixel points in the spot area from the background, and the pixel points with gray values greater than \(D T \) are considered the effective calculation range of the spot; 3) Perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the spot area and black represents the background; 4) Measure the area \(M\) of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than \(D T \), which can be achieved by calculating the area of the circumscribed circle of this circular area.

[0069] In the above measurement process, in addition to selecting the spot diameter \(D\) and the spot area \(M\), the ratio of the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) to the total spot area \(M\) can also be selected as the observation object. Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, change the scattering degree of light by adjusting the position of the scatterer, and use an image capture device to record the scattered spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scatterer specifically refers to the distance between the scatterer and the light source; Step 23, select the ratio of the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) to the total spot area \(M\) as the observation object; among them, the overexposed spot is located inside the total spot and the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) is always smaller than the total spot area \(M\), and the size of the overexposed spot area depends on the light intensity entering the image capture device; the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position \(\alpha\) of the scatterer and the scattering degree \(S\) of the scatterer, then gradually change the position of the scatterer, and measure the corresponding overexposed spot area \(M_1\) and the total spot area \(M\); through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) and the total spot area \(M\) and the position \(\alpha\) of the scatterer, denoted as the discrete relationship data set \(F_1\), in the form of \(F_1=\{(α i ,M i ,M 1i )}\), where the subscript \(i\) is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scatterer and change the scattering degree \(S\), and measure the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) and the total spot area \(M\) again, thus obtaining a discrete relationship data set \(F_2\) between the overexposed spot area \(M_1\) and the total spot area \(M\) and the scattering degree \(S\), in the form of \(F_2=\{(S j ,M j ,M 1j)} where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation methods of the overexposed spot area M1 and the total spot area M are as follows: 1) Process the captured spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the spot area, and cutting the non-spot area, and retain the part of the image containing the spot; 2) Set two gray thresholds D T1 and D T2 , which are used to distinguish the pixel points in the spot area from the background. The pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 are considered as the total effective calculation range of the spot, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 are considered as the effective calculation range of the overexposed area inside the spot; among them, D T2 > D T1 , that is, the gray value of the overexposed area inside the spot is higher than that of other areas inside the spot; 3) Perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the spot area and black represents the background;; 4) Measure the total area M of the circular area composed of the pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 , which can be achieved by calculating the total circumscribed circle area of the circular area; similarly, measure the total area M1 of the circular area composed of the pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 ; 5) Calculate the ratio of M1 to M, and observe the change of the ratio of M1 to M with the scattering degree S.

[0070] During the measurement process, in addition to selecting the spot diameter D as the observation object, the spot area M can also be selected as the observation object. In addition to selecting the spot diameter D and the spot area M, the ratio of the overexposed spot area M1 to the total spot area M can also be selected as the observation object. Specifically as follows: Step 3 specifically includes: First, under the condition of keeping the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet unchanged, gradually change the density ρ of the floating particles in the fish tank; the value range of the floating particle density ρ is set as a series of discrete values according to the experimental requirements, such as ρ0, ρ1, ρ2,..., ρn, where the subscript n is the number of the nth test; for each set floating particle density ρ i , the subscript i is the number of a certain test; measure the scattering spot diameter D i through an image capturer, and record these data; these data points form a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , D i )}; or, measure the scattering spot area M i through an image capturer, and record these data. These data points form a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , M i )}; or, measure the total spot area M iand the overexposed spot area M 1i , and record these data. These data points constitute a discrete relationship data set F3, in the form of F3 = {(ρ i , M i , M 1i )}.

[0071] Step 4 specifically includes: To extract more general laws from these discrete data, the data sets F1 and F2 are respectively fitted. For F1, there is a non-linear relationship between the spot diameter D and the position α of the diffuser, and the function D(α) = a×sin(b×α)+c is used for fitting, where a, b, and c are parameters optimized by the least squares method. For F2, there is a quadratic relationship between the spot diameter D and the scattering degree S, and the function D(S) = d×S2+e×S+f is used for fitting, where d, e, and f are parameters that can be optimized by the least squares method. Through fitting, two function expressions D(α) and D(S) are obtained and stored in the calculation and controller to quickly predict the spot diameter D in practical applications, so as to achieve precise control of the spot.

[0072] The spot diameter D may exhibit non - linear variation with the increase in the density ρ of planktonic particles. Therefore, a general form of the fitting function was selected to describe this relationship: D(ρ)=A×ρ^k + B. Here, A and B are fitting parameters used to adjust the amplitude and offset of the function; k is another fitting parameter used to describe the sensitivity of the spot diameter change to the density of planktonic particles. By adjusting these parameters, the fitting function can better match the experimental data. Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to extract the relationship between the density ρ of planktonic particles and the spot diameter D from these discrete data, it is assumed that there is a functional relationship between the density ρ of planktonic particles and the spot diameter D. According to experimental observations, the spot diameter D may exhibit non - linear variation with the increase in the density ρ of planktonic particles. Therefore, a general form of the fitting function was selected to describe this relationship: D(ρ)=A×ρ^k + B. Here, A and B are fitting parameters used to adjust the amplitude and offset of the function; k is another fitting parameter used to describe the sensitivity of the spot diameter change to the density of planktonic particles. By adjusting these parameters, the fitting function can better match the experimental data. To determine the specific values of these parameters, the least - squares method was used for fitting, and the parameters A, B, and k were optimized by minimizing the fitting error, so that the difference between the fitting function and the experimental data is minimized. Finally, a function expression that can better describe the relationship between the density ρ of planktonic particles and the spot diameter D is obtained. During the fitting process, the form of the function selected mainly depends on the variation law of the actual discrete data, which makes the fitting method highly flexible. This method of selecting the fitting function based on the data variation law not only ensures the accuracy of the fitting result but also provides wide applicability for different application scenarios. For example, under certain experimental conditions, if the variation law of the scattered light spot exhibits more complex non - linear characteristics, a higher - order polynomial function or other non - linear functions can be further selected for fitting. This flexibility enables this method to adjust the fitting strategy according to actual needs, thus better adapting to various complex experimental data and application scenarios.

[0073] Finally, the function expressions D(α), D(S), and D(ρ) obtained by fitting are stored in the calculation and control unit; in practical applications, by measuring the spot diameter D, the density ρ of planktonic particles in the fish tank can be deduced inversely using this function, thereby realizing real - time monitoring of water quality; in addition, this function can also be used to optimize the lighting and sterilization effects, and by adjusting the density of planktonic particles, the best light scattering effect can be achieved.

[0074] In the above calculation process, the spot diameter D can be replaced by parameters such as the spot area M or the ratio of the total spot area M to the over - exposed spot area M1 for the same calculation.

[0075] Step 8 specifically includes: using traditional methods such as counting method, microscopic counting method or turbidity method to test the density of floating particulate matter in the fish tank, obtaining a set of reference data, denoted as ρ t ; meanwhile, using the method of ultraviolet laser to detect the same water sample, obtaining another set of data ρ m ; by calculating the difference between the two sets of data and quantifying it as an accuracy rate index to evaluate the detection accuracy of the method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the accuracy rate is:

[0076]

[0077] where N is the number of test samples, ρ t,i is the density of floating particles of the i-th sample measured by the traditional method, and ρ m,i is the density of floating particles measured by the method of ultraviolet laser; the value of the accuracy rate is between 0 and 1, and the closer the accuracy rate value is to 1, it means that the detection result of the method of ultraviolet laser is closer to the reference value of the traditional method, and the higher the accuracy rate; if the calculated accuracy rate is lower than the predefined threshold, it is considered that the detection accuracy is not ideal and the system needs to be optimized; at this time, return to Step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3, including adding more test samples of floating particle density to enrich the data set, or recalibrating the existing data to ensure its accuracy and consistency; subsequently, re-perform mathematical fitting using the corrected data set, update the relationship model between the floating particle density and the spot size, and store the new function expression in the calculation and controller.

[0078] Figure 4 For Experimental Result 1 of the embodiment: Select pure marine green algae as the common floating particles to be observed. The marine green algae are placed inside a transparent microalgae culture bottle with a thickness of 20 mm. The density of the marine green algae sample is manually counted and characterized by a hemocytometer. A 100 mW laser is used to image and observe the marine green algae. Among them, the driving current of the laser is 85 mA and the voltage is 2.4 V. The laser is located 5 cm in front of the microalgae culture bottle, and the generated emission spot vertically passes through the microalgae culture bottle. The diffuser is located between the laser and the microalgae culture bottle and has a scattering effect on the spot. In addition, other conditions set in this experiment are: the scattering degree is 0, the emission wavelength is 650 nm, the image capture device vertically shoots the beam, and the test distance from the microalgae culture bottle is 10 - 20 cm. Figure 4 The horizontal axis of Figure 4 is the microalgae density ρ, and the vertical axis is the ratio of the overexposed spot area M1 to the total spot area M. Figure 4The data is fitted using the quadratic formula y = a / (1 + bx + cx 2 ), where y represents the ratio of the overexposed spot area M1 on the y-axis to the total spot area M; x represents the microalgae density ρ; and a, b, and c represent the fitting parameters. The fitting results show that the values of a, b, and c are 1.47, -1.76×10 -10 , -1.55×10 -20 respectively; the R 2 value of the curve is calculated to be 0.999, almost reaching 1, indicating that the fitting curve and the scatter data fit well. In addition, under the above experimental conditions, by calculation, the average accuracy rate obtained by the method of the present invention is 99.9%, indicating that the difference between the microalgae density inferred from the fitting curve and the microalgae density obtained by the manual counting method is small, and it also indicates that the reliability of this method is relatively high.

[0079] Figure 5 The test distance is 20 cm, that is, the image capturer is located 20 cm away from the microalgae culture bottle. Similarly, Figure 5 the quadratic formula y = a / (1 + bx + cx 2 ) is used for fitting. The form of the fitting curve is similar to that of Figure 4 . The results show that Figure 5 the values of a, b, and c are 1.67, -6.59×10 -12 , -7.69×10 -20 respectively; the R 2 value of the curve is calculated to be 0.999, almost reaching 1. Secondly, the average accuracy rate obtained by the method of the present invention is 99.3%. Figure 4 And Figure 5 's measurement results show that this method has a high accuracy rate under different test distance conditions, the applicable distance range is adjustable, and only the fitting parameters are changed within the selected distance range without changing the data fitting method, that is to say, this method has good stability and expansibility.

[0080] Figure 6 Compared the trends of the overexposed spot area M1 varying with the microalgae density ρ at test distances of 10 cm and 20 cm. As can be seen from the figure, the overexposed spot area M1 shows a decreasing trend with the increase of the microalgae density ρ. This is because the increase in the microalgae density ρ leads to light spot scattering, so the overexposed spot area M1 decreases and is converted into scattered light. In addition, when the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively, the trend of the overexposed spot area M1 varying with the microalgae density ρ is almost unchanged; when the test distance is 20 cm, due to the attenuation of light, the value of the overexposed spot area M1 shows a decreasing trend. Figure 6 's measurement conforms to physical laws, and it also shows that the overexposed spot area M1 can be used to characterize the microalgae density ρ, and different measurement distances can be selected.

[0081] Figure 7 The trends of the total spot area M varying with the microalgae density ρ at the test distances of 10 cm and 20 cm were compared. As can be seen from the figure, the total spot area M shows an increasing trend with the increase of the microalgae density ρ. This is because the increase of the microalgae density ρ leads to the increase of the spot scattering area. In addition, when the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively, the variation trends of the total spot area M with the microalgae density ρ are almost the same; when the test distance is 20 cm, due to the attenuation of light, the value of the total spot area M shows a decreasing trend. Figure 7 The measurement is in line with physical laws, and the data is relatively regular, and can be fitted with a variety of fitting formulas. Figure 7 The results also show that under different measurement distance conditions, the total spot area M can be used to characterize the microalgae density ρ.

[0082] Figure 8 The trends of the spot diameter D varying with the microalgae density ρ at the test distances of 10 cm and 20 cm were compared. As can be seen from the figure, the spot diameter D shows an increasing trend with the increase of the microalgae density ρ, and this trend is similar to Figure 7 This is because the increase of the microalgae density ρ leads to the increase of the spot scattering area, so the spot diameter will also increase. In addition, when the test distances are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively, the variation trends of the spot diameter D with the microalgae density ρ are almost the same; when the test distance is 20 cm, due to the attenuation of light, the value of the spot diameter D shows a decreasing trend. Figure 8 The measurement is in line with physical laws, and the data is relatively regular, and can be fitted with a variety of fitting formulas. Figure 8 The results also show that under different measurement distance conditions, the spot diameter D can be used to characterize the microalgae density ρ.

[0083] Compare Figures 4 - 8 the experimental results, and it is found that the result of characterizing the microalgae density ρ by the ratio of the overexposed spot area M1 to the total spot area M is the most stable, and the obtained fitting degree and accuracy are both close to 1, that is, close to 100%. Therefore, this method is preferred among several characterization methods.

[0084] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aquarium lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system for implementing an aquarium lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method as described in the above embodiment. The system includes an aquarium 12, a calculation and controller 14, a power supply 16 and a bracket 17. A water quality detector 13 is arranged in the aquarium 12, and an ultraviolet laser device is arranged on the right side of the aquarium 12. The bracket 17 is used to support the ultraviolet laser device. An image capture device 11 is arranged on the left side of the aquarium 12. The ultraviolet laser device includes a lamp housing 10. A laser controller 1 and an ultraviolet laser 2 electrically connected to the laser controller 1 are arranged on the right side wall of the lamp housing 10. The lamp housing 10 is sequentially provided with a laser controller 1, an ultraviolet laser 2, a light-emitting film 3, a scattering sheet 4 and a filter 5 in the direction towards the aquarium 12. A regulator control system 9 is arranged at the bottom of the lamp housing 10. A rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, a rotary scattering sheet regulator 7 and a rotary filter regulator 8 are sequentially arranged on the top housing of the lamp housing 10. The power supply 16 supplies power to the monitoring system;

[0085] The calculation and controller 14 is configured to: store the measured discrete data set, the fitted function expression, and the calculated data set; calculate parameters such as the illumination intensity, illumination divergence angle, plankton density, water temperature, acidity, pH value, etc. of the aquarium; connect to a display screen 15 and display the above parameters on the display screen 15 for users to observe; remotely connect to an intelligent terminal device and display the above parameters on the intelligent terminal device for users to observe.

[0086] The laser controller 1 can adjust the luminous intensity of the ultraviolet laser 2 by using common methods such as analog modulation, attenuation sheet modulation, and polarizer modulation. The wavelength range of the ultraviolet laser 2 is selected from the ultraviolet light band for disinfection, and the wavelength range of the UVC band is between 200 - 280 nm; among them, 254 nm is the common wavelength of traditional ultraviolet germicidal lamps and has a strong bactericidal effect. The position of the ultraviolet laser 2 can be adjusted by a simple bracket to achieve the best effect in the lighting or sterilization mode. The material of the light-emitting film 3 is any one of the light conversion materials such as phosphor, quantum dot, perovskite, and organic dye. The diffuser 4 is a combined structure of a glass substrate and a layer of polymer, carbonate polyester, frosted glass, or acrylic material. The lamp housing 10 is made of materials such as carbonate polyester and acrylic. The rotary light-emitting film adjuster 6, the rotary diffuser adjuster 7, and the rotary filter adjuster 8 can be manually adjusted by using traditional circular knobs or can also choose push-button switches. The image capturer 11 can use various types of terminal devices to meet different application requirements and performance requirements, such as CCD image sensors, CMOS image sensors, 3D ToF image sensors, thermal imaging sensors, etc. The fish tank 12 can be made of light-transmitting materials such as acrylic and glass. The calculation and controller 14 can choose to display parameters such as the light intensity, light divergence angle, plankton density, water temperature, acidity, pH value, etc. of the fish tank obtained by calculation on the display screen 15; users can also choose to display the above data on intelligent terminal devices by means of remote connection.

[0087] The laser controller 1 is used to control the power of the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet laser 2; the light-emitting diaphragm 3 is used for optical conversion of the ultraviolet light to provide long-wavelength light, such as red light, green light, yellow light, etc. The diffuser 4 is used to scatter the converted light and non-converted light transmitted through the ultraviolet laser 2 and the light-emitting diaphragm 3, and its scattering degree can be adjusted according to different scattering materials that can be manually or automatically replaced. The filter 5 is used to filter out the remaining ultraviolet laser after passing through the ultraviolet laser 2 or the light-emitting diaphragm 3, so that only the converted visible light remains in the transmitted light. The rotary light-emitting diaphragm adjuster 6, the rotary diffuser adjuster 7, and the rotary filter adjuster 8 are respectively used to manually adjust the light-emitting diaphragm 3, the diffuser 4, and the filter 5. If automatic adjustment of the light-emitting diaphragm 3, the diffuser 4, and the filter 5 is required, it can be set on the display screen 15 through the control of the adjuster control system 9, or remotely set on a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone by connecting the adjuster control system 9 to the mobile terminal. The lamp housing 10 is used to provide mechanical protection for the entire lamp; the image capturer 11 is used to capture the light-emitting spot and monitor in real time the changes in the spot size and brightness caused by factors such as light intensity, scattering degree, and floating particle density. The fish tank 12 is used to hold the water body for fish farming. The water quality detector 13 is used to monitor water quality parameters such as water temperature, acidity, pH value, etc. The power supply 16 is used to supply power to the functional components of the entire monitoring system, including the laser controller 1, the ultraviolet laser 2, the rotary light-emitting diaphragm adjuster 6, the rotary diffuser adjuster 7, the rotary filter adjuster 8, the adjuster control system 9, the image capturer 11, the water quality detector 13, the calculation and controller 14, etc. The bracket 17 is used to provide external force support for the entire lighting system and adjust its position. The entire lighting system includes the laser controller 1, the ultraviolet laser 2, the light-emitting diaphragm 3, the diffuser 4, the filter 5, the rotary light-emitting diaphragm adjuster 6, the rotary diffuser adjuster 7, the rotary filter adjuster 8, the adjuster control system 9, the lamp housing 10, etc.

[0088] In the specific implementation process, the ultraviolet laser 2 is fixed on the system framework and connected to the laser controller 1 through wires. The laser controller 1 is used to adjust the power output of the ultraviolet laser 2. The light-emitting diaphragm 3 is installed downstream of the optical path of the ultraviolet laser 2 and is used to convert the ultraviolet light into long-wavelength visible light such as red light, green light, yellow light, etc. The diffuser 4 is installed downstream of the light-emitting diaphragm 3 and is used to scatter the transmitted light and adjust the light distribution. The filter 5 is installed downstream of the diffuser 4 and is used to filter out the remaining ultraviolet light and only retain the visible light.

[0089] The rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, the rotary diffuser regulator 7, and the rotary filter regulator 8 are respectively installed on the peripheries of the light-emitting film 3, the diffuser 4, and the filter 5 for manually adjusting the positions and angles of these components. The regulator control system 9 is installed on the system frame and connected to the above-mentioned rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, rotary diffuser regulator 7, and rotary filter regulator 8 through control lines to achieve the automatic adjustment function. The lamp housing 10 is installed to protect the entire optical system and control the light output direction.

[0090] An image capturer 11 is installed at the end of the optical path for photographing and capturing the light-emitting spot and real-time monitoring of the changes in the spot. The fish tank 12 is used to hold the water body for fish farming. A water quality detector 13 is installed in the fish tank 12 for monitoring water quality parameters such as water temperature, acidity, and pH value. The calculation and controller 14 is installed on the system frame and connected to the image capturer 11, the water quality detector 13, and the regulator control system 9 through data lines. The display screen 15 is connected to the calculation and controller 14 for displaying the system status and monitoring data. The power supply 16 is used to supply power to the entire monitoring system, including the laser controller 1, the ultraviolet laser 2, the rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, the rotary diffuser regulator 7, the rotary filter regulator 8, the regulator control system 9, the image capturer 11, the water quality detector 13, the calculation and controller 14, etc. The bracket 17 is used to provide external force support for the entire lighting system and perform position adjustment. The entire lighting system includes the laser controller 1, the ultraviolet laser 2, the light-emitting film 3, the diffuser 4, the filter 5, the rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, the rotary diffuser regulator 7, the rotary filter regulator 8, the regulator control system 9, the lamp housing 10, etc.

[0091] The specific functions of the above functional components are as follows: The light intensity of the ultraviolet laser 2 is adjusted through the laser controller 1. The ultraviolet light is converted into visible light by the light-emitting film 3 and then processed by the diffuser 4 and the filter 5 to form the scattered illumination light. When disinfecting and sterilizing, the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet laser 2 can also be selected not to pass through the light-emitting film 3 and the filter 5, or not to pass through the light-emitting film 3, the diffuser 4, and the filter 5.

[0092] According to the needs, the rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, the rotary diffuser regulator 7, and the rotary filter regulator 8 are adjusted through the regulator control system 9; or the rotary light-emitting film regulator 6, the rotary diffuser regulator 7, and the rotary filter regulator 8 are manually adjusted to achieve the effects of selecting different light-emitting films 3, adjusting the position of the diffuser 4, and selecting the filter 5.

[0093] When sterilization is required, the regulator control system 9 is used to simultaneously turn off the light-emitting diaphragm 3 and the filter 5, or simultaneously turn off the light-emitting diaphragm 3, the diffuser 4 and the filter 5, so that ultraviolet light directly enters the fish tank 12. The position and irradiation effect of the ultraviolet laser 2 are adjusted to achieve controllable irradiation range for sterilization. The user uses the dynamic monitoring data on the calculation and controller 14 to guide the adjustment of sterilization parameters to ensure the sterilization effect. The water quality detector 13 monitors parameters such as the water temperature, acidity, and pH value in the fish tank 12 in real time and transmits the data to the calculation and controller 14. The calculation and controller 14 stores and displays the monitoring data on the display screen 15, or displays it on a mobile terminal device through a remote connection method for the user to observe and analyze. The image capture device 11 captures the changes in the scattered light spots. The calculation and controller 14 analyzes the relationship between the current light spot size and brightness change according to the function expression describing the relationship between the plankton density and the light spot size obtained and stored, and calculates the plankton density in real time. The monitoring results are displayed on the display screen 15 or the mobile terminal device in real time, and the user can understand the change in the microalgae density at any time. Through the regulator control system 9, the user can connect the system to a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone to achieve remote control and parameter adjustment.

[0094] In this embodiment, the light-emitting diaphragm 3 is in a thin sheet shape for easy light transmission. When selecting the light-emitting diaphragm 3, its optical properties such as luminous color, full width at half maximum, quantum efficiency, and stability need to be considered simultaneously. Among various light conversion materials used for lighting and display, such as commercial phosphors, organic dyes, perovskites, carbon dots, and quantum dots, quantum dot materials with high quantum efficiency, good monochromaticity, stable luminescence, and fast modulation rate can be selected. Taking cadmium selenide quantum dots as an example, they can generate most of the luminous wavelengths in the visible light range under blue light or ultraviolet light excitation, and can achieve stable luminescence under high temperature conditions, meeting the requirements for testing the microalgae density with multiple different light conversion wavelengths in this embodiment.

[0095] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) Technically, the present invention utilizes conventional materials such as quantum dots and phosphors to prepare a light-emitting film under the support of the existing technology, which has the characteristics of high stability and easy preparation. These materials can be efficiently converted into visible light under ultraviolet light excitation, providing rich color choices for fish tank lighting while ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. (2) Technically, the present invention uses the projection spot characteristics of the light beam as the monitoring object for feedback of the plankton particle density, which has the advantages of simple operation and high accuracy. The spot size is positively correlated with the degree of light scattering, and the degree of light scattering is affected by the real-time plankton particle density. Therefore, the spot size can directly reflect the dynamic changes of the plankton particle density, without sampling, convenient to observe and with high accuracy. (3) Theoretically, this embodiment proposes a multi-step method for testing the plankton particle density. First, the light-emitting film, ultraviolet light intensity, plankton in the fish tank, etc. are characterized; then the spots under different plankton particle densities are obtained under different conditions; the fitting function relationship between the spot and the plankton particle density is obtained; the unknown plankton particle density and the accuracy rate of the present invention under different test conditions are calculated. (4) Theoretically, the present invention proposes an algorithm for calculating the accuracy rate of the plankton particle density calculated by the present invention. This algorithm can evaluate the universality of the present invention under different conditions such as ultraviolet laser light intensity, light scattering degree, and light-emitting color, providing theoretical support for the optimization and application of the system. (5) The present invention is highly feasible and scalable technically. After the technology is mature, the present invention can not only be used for fish tank lighting and water quality monitoring, but also be extended to scientific research and marine environmental monitoring. Under outdoor test conditions, all the test instruments involved in the present invention can be waterproofed and can conduct underwater detection, providing strong support for marine ecological research. (6) The function of the present invention is not limited to monitoring the density of a single type of plankton particle, but also applicable to the density monitoring of multiple plankton particles. For different types of plankton particles, the present invention can re-evaluate the spot change law caused by the change of different plankton particle densities by adjusting the light source type and image processing algorithm, so as to obtain a new function relationship. This flexibility enables the present invention to provide a comprehensive and accurate solution for the monitoring of complex water ecosystem.

[0096] In addition, as auxiliary evidence of the novelty of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0097] The expected benefits and commercial value after the transformation of the present invention are as follows: 1) The fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system has broad application prospects in the fields of home aquarium market, commercial aquariums, research institutions and aquaculture. With the improvement of people's requirements for the aquarium breeding environment, this system can meet the users' needs for efficient lighting, precise sterilization and real-time water quality monitoring, and has great market potential. 2) The present invention simultaneously realizes the wavelength transformation and emission angle adjustment of ultraviolet laser through a light-emitting film, a diffuser, a filter, etc.; combined with an image capture device and a constructed mathematical model, it realizes the precise monitoring of the density of plankton. This innovative technology not only improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, but also simplifies the operation process and reduces the use cost. 3) In the field of aquaculture, traditional breeding models often face problems of resource waste and environmental pollution. The present invention improves the resource utilization efficiency, reduces the water change frequency and energy consumption, and at the same time reduces the environmental pollution through precise light and water quality control. This environmentally friendly design meets the requirements of sustainable development and has significant social and environmental benefits.

[0098] The present invention fills the technical gaps in the domestic and international industries: 1) Most of the existing fish tank lighting systems have single functions and cannot meet the multiple requirements of lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring at the same time. The present invention realizes the dual functions of fish tank lighting and ultraviolet sterilization through wavelength transformation and emission angle adjustment of ultraviolet laser by using light conversion materials and a condenser, and real-time monitors the water quality through an image capture device. 2) Traditional fish tank water quality monitoring systems mainly focus on basic parameters such as water temperature and pH value, lacking precise monitoring of the density of plankton. The present invention realizes the real-time monitoring of the density of plankton in the fish tank, fills the technical gap in this field, and can effectively prevent problems such as excessive algae growth. 3) The existing intelligent fish tank systems at home and abroad generally have problems such as low integration, complex operation and high price. The present invention integrates multiple functions into one, and combines technologies such as manual, automatic and remote control to realize the intelligent management of the fish tank. Users can view parameters such as light intensity, plankton density, water temperature, water depth and pH value of the fish tank in real time through a display screen or a mobile phone APP, and perform remote control.

[0099] Whether the technical solution of the present invention solves the current technical problems: All along, people have hoped to obtain a multi-functional and integrated fish tank lighting system. However, there are currently three major technical problems: 1) Fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps, etc. have problems such as short lifespan, large heat generation, and high energy consumption. 2) In the fish tank water quality sterilization technology, the chemical method and the filtration method for sterilization respectively have problems such as being prone to generating harmful secondary chemical products, the ceramic filter element being easily blocked, and the maintenance being cumbersome. 3) In the monitoring of the density of planktonic particles, there are problems such as the manual cell counting method and the dry weight method being cumbersome to operate and having a large workload. The present invention uses a laser as the light-emitting source to form an adjustable light beam, which naturally has the dual functions of landscape lighting and sterilization. Secondly, through manual or automatic adjustment, the light-emitting film, the filter, and the scattering film respectively perform wavelength conversion, light filtering treatment, and adjustment of the projected spot size on the ultraviolet laser. In this way, the system can generate a light-emitting beam with an adjustable divergence angle suitable for fish tank lighting and ultraviolet sterilization. With the help of an image capturer, the spots generated by the light beam are captured and analyzed to study the influence law of the density of different plankton in the fish tank on the spot size, and a mathematical model is constructed to reveal the quantitative relationship between the plankton density and the spot size. The present invention achieves three main functions: provides an adjustable landscape lighting source, provides an ultraviolet light source with sterilization function, and provides an optical monitoring means for the density of planktonic particles, thus effectively solving the problems in the monitoring of the density of planktonic particles by traditional methods.

[0100] Whether the technical solution of the present invention overcomes the technical prejudice: First of all, in the traditional fish tank lighting and water quality monitoring systems, technicians generally believe that the functions of lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring need to be realized independently. This cognition has led to the low integration, complex operation, and high cost of the existing systems. However, the present invention realizes the dual functions of fish tank lighting and ultraviolet sterilization through the wavelength transformation and emission angle adjustment of the ultraviolet laser by the light-emitting film, the filter, and the scattering film, and combines an image capturer to monitor the water quality in real time. This multi-functional integrated design breaks through the limitations of traditional cognition, overcomes the technical prejudice, and combines various technical means to solve the existing technical problems. Secondly, most of the existing technologies only focus on the basic water quality parameters and consider the monitoring of planktonic particles to be difficult. The present invention realizes the accurate monitoring of the plankton density by analyzing the change law of the spot size and constructing a mathematical model, providing important technical support for maintaining the ecological balance of the fish tank.

[0101] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare light-emitting diaphragms of different colors according to lighting requirements, and characterize the light-emitting characteristics of the light-emitting diaphragms; Set the power and position of the ultraviolet laser so that ultraviolet light can pass through the light-emitting diaphragm and then pass through the water body in the fish tank, and obtain scattered light spots at the image capture end; Step 2: Debug the position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet, collect the light spots, and obtain light spot pictures under different scattering conditions; Obtain the discrete relationship data set F1 between the scattered light spot size and the position of the scattering sheet, and the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot size and the scattering degree of the scattering sheet through the light spot pictures; Step 3: When the scattering position and scattering degree of the scattering sheet are certain, further study the change of the scattered light spot size under different plankton particle density conditions, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F3 between the plankton particle density and the scattered light spot size; Step 4: Fit the discrete relationship data sets F1, F2 and F3, and store the obtained function expressions into the calculation and controller for subsequent calls; Step 5: When the landscape lighting function is enabled, turn on the filter so that the converted light other than ultraviolet light enters the fish tank, and adjust the light emission angle through the scattering sheet to present a continuously changing light-emitting effect, so as to achieve beautiful landscape lighting; Step 6: When the ultraviolet sterilization function is enabled, turn off the filter and the light-emitting diaphragm, and turn on the light-transmitting diaphragm so that ultraviolet light directly enters the fish tank; Through the adjustment of the laser controller and the scattering sheet, make the light emission intensity and the light emission angle present a continuously changing function, so as to control the power and the illumination range for sterilizing the water body and achieve efficient sterilization; Step 7: Transmit the light-emitting parameters of the ultraviolet laser and the detection parameters of the water quality detector to the calculation and controller, and output the parameters of the illumination intensity, illumination emission angle, plankton particle density, water temperature, acidity and alkalinity, pH value on its screen, so as to facilitate the user to monitor the water quality and lighting state of the fish tank in real time; Step 8: Use traditional methods such as the counting method, microscopic counting method or turbidimetry to test the plankton particle density, and compare it with the plankton particle density obtained by the method using the ultraviolet laser to obtain the detection accuracy of the plankton particle density by the ultraviolet laser method. If the accuracy is not high, return to step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3 and start step 4 again to optimize the detection accuracy.

2. The method for fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 1 specifically includes: Step 11: Select cadmium selenide quantum dots as the light conversion material, and mix the cadmium selenide quantum dots with silica gel solution; Through conventional methods such as high-temperature curing, cooling, and demolding, make green, orange, and red cadmium selenide quantum dots into light-emitting diaphragms about 2 mm for light conversion; Prepare an ultraviolet laser with a wavelength range of about 254 nm for testing the light conversion effect of different emission wavelengths on the cadmium selenide quantum dot diaphragm; Characterize the luminescence performance of the above quantum dot diaphragm, and measure the parameters of the luminescence spectrum, luminescence peak wavelength, full width at half maximum, and light conversion efficiency of the light conversion material; Step 12: According to the light conversion efficiency and light transmittance of the light-emitting film, directly modulate the ultraviolet laser to emit light or adjust the position of the ultraviolet laser to adjust the light intensity, so as to ensure that sufficient ultraviolet light can be converted into the required visible light. At the same time, considering the absorption and scattering characteristics of the water in the fish tank, it is necessary to appropriately increase the light intensity to compensate for the attenuation of light in water, so as to ensure the brightness and clarity of the light spot. Step 13: Debug the position of the image capturer. If the sensitivity of the image capturer is low, it is necessary to increase the light intensity of the ultraviolet laser to obtain a brighter light spot. If the sensitivity is high, the light intensity can be appropriately reduced to avoid overexposure of the light spot. Through repeated debugging and optimization, a suitable power value is finally determined, so that after the ultraviolet light passes through the light-emitting film and water, an ideal scattered light spot can be formed at the image capturer end.

3. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and an image capture device is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; Step 21, taking the selected light spot diameter D as the observation object, the specific operations are as follows: First, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding light spot diameter D; through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the light spot diameter D and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , D i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the light spot diameter D again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot diameter D and the scattering degree S, and the form is F2 = {(S j , D j )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation method of the light spot diameter D is as follows: Process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area, cutting the non-light spot area and removing the non-light spot area, and only retaining the image part containing the light spot; set a gray threshold D T to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T are considered as the effective calculation range of the light spot; perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; calculate the minimum circumscribed circle of the area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T , and take the diameter of this circumscribed circle as the light spot diameter D.

4. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scattering sheet, and an image capture device is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scattering sheet specifically refers to the distance between the scattering sheet and the light source; Step 22, taking the selected light spot area M as the observation object, the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position α of the scattering sheet and the scattering degree S of the scattering sheet, then gradually change the position of the scattering sheet, and measure the corresponding light spot area M; Through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the light spot area M and the position α of the scattering sheet, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , M i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; Then, fix the position of the scattering sheet, change the scattering degree S, and measure the light spot area M again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the light spot area M and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , M i )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; The specific calculation method of the light spot area M is as follows: Process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area, and removing the non-light spot area, and only keep the part of the image containing the light spot; Set a gray threshold D T , which is used to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T are considered as the effective calculation range of the light spot; Perform a binary operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; Measure the area M of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T , which can be achieved by calculating the area of the minimum circumscribed circle of this area.

5. A method for fish tank lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes: In the experiment, the degree of light scattering is changed by adjusting the position of the scatterer, and an image capturer is used to record the scattered light spot pictures under different conditions; the position of the scatterer specifically refers to the distance between the scatterer and the light source; in step 23, the ratio of the overexposed light spot area M1 to the total light spot area M is selected as the observation object; among them, the overexposed light spot is located inside the total light spot M and the overexposed light spot area M1 is always smaller than the total light spot area M, and the size of the overexposed light spot area depends on the light intensity entering the image capturer; the specific operation is as follows: First, fix the position α of the scatterer and the scattering degree S of the scatterer, then gradually change the position of the scatterer, and measure the corresponding overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M; through the above method, a series of discrete data points are obtained, and these data points reflect the relationship between the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M and the position α of the scatterer, denoted as the discrete relationship data set F1, and its form is F1 = {(α i , M i , M 1i )}, where the subscript i is the number of a certain test; then, fix the position of the scatterer, change the scattering degree S, and measure the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M again, so as to obtain the discrete relationship data set F2 between the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M and the scattering degree S, and its form is F2 = {(S j , M j , M 1j )}, where the subscript j is the number of a certain test; the specific calculation methods of the overexposed light spot area M1 and the total light spot area M are as follows: Process the captured light spot image, including filtering the image, selecting the light spot area and removing the non-light spot area, and only retaining the image part containing the light spot; set two gray thresholds D T1 and D T2 to distinguish the pixel points in the light spot area from the background. The pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 are considered the total effective calculation range of the light spot, and the pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 are considered the effective calculation range of the overexposed area inside the light spot; among them, D T2 > D T1 , that is, the gray value of the overexposed area inside the light spot is higher than the gray value of other areas inside the light spot; perform a binarization operation on the preprocessed image to convert the image into an image containing only black and white colors, where white represents the light spot area and black represents the background; measure the total area M of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T1 , which can be achieved by calculating the total circumscribed circle area of the circular area; similarly, measure the total area M1 of the circular area composed of pixel points with gray values greater than D T2 ; calculate the ratio of M1 divided by M, and observe the change of the ratio of M1 divided by M with the scattering degree S.

6. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, Step 3 specifically includes: First, under the condition of keeping the position α of the diffuser and the scattering degree S of the diffuser unchanged, gradually change the density ρ of the floating particles in the fish tank; the value range of the density ρ of the floating particles is set as a series of discrete values according to experimental requirements, such as ρ0, ρ1, ρ2,..., ρn, where the subscript n is the number of the nth test; for each set density ρ of the floating particles i , the subscript i is the number of a certain test; measure the diameter D of the scattering light spot through an image capturer i , and record these data; these data points form a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , D i )}; or, measure the area M of the scattering light spot through an image capturer i , and record these data, these data points form a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , M i )}; or, measure the total light spot area M i and the overexposed light spot area M 1i , and record these data, these data points form a discrete relationship data set F3, and its form is F3 = {(ρ i , M i , M 1i )}.

7. A method for fish tank lighting, sterilization, and water quality monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 4 specifically includes: In order to extract more general laws from these discrete data, the data sets F1 and F2 are respectively fitted. For F1, it is assumed that there is a non-linear relationship between the light spot diameter D and the position α of the scattering sheet, and the function D(α) = a×sin(b×α)+c is used for fitting, where a, b, and c are parameters optimized by the least squares method. For F2, it is assumed that there is a quadratic relationship between the light spot diameter D and the scattering degree S, and the function D(S) = d×S2+e×S+f is used for fitting, where d, e, and f are parameters that can be optimized by the least squares method. Through fitting, two function expressions D(α) and D(S) are obtained and stored in the calculation and controller, so as to quickly predict the light spot diameter D in practical applications, thereby realizing precise control of the light spot. The light spot diameter D may show non-linear changes with the increase of the density ρ of floating particles. Therefore, a general fitting function form is selected to describe this relationship: D(ρ) = A×ρk+B; where A and B are fitting parameters used to adjust the amplitude and offset of the function; k is another fitting parameter used to describe the sensitivity of the floating particle density to the change of the light spot diameter. By adjusting these parameters, the fitting function can better match the experimental data. Store the function expressions D(α), D(S), and D(ρ) obtained by fitting into the calculation and controller. In practical applications, by measuring the light spot diameter D, the density ρ of floating particles in the fish tank can be deduced inversely using this function, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of water quality. In addition, this function can also be used to optimize the lighting and sterilization effects by adjusting the floating particle density to achieve the best light scattering effect.

8. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 8 specifically includes: testing the density of planktonic particulate matter in the fish tank using traditional methods such as the counting method, microscopic counting method, or turbidity method to obtain a set of reference data, denoted as ρ t ; at the same time, detecting the same water sample using the method of an ultraviolet laser to obtain another set of data ρ m ; by calculating the difference between the two sets of data and quantifying it as an accuracy rate index to evaluate the detection accuracy of the method of the present invention, the calculation formula for the accuracy rate is: where N is the number of test samples, and ρ t,i is the density of the floating particles of the i-th sample measured by the traditional method, and ρ m,i is the density of the floating particles measured by the method of the ultraviolet laser; the value of the accuracy rate ranges from 0 to 1. The closer the accuracy rate value is to 1, the closer the detection result of the method of the ultraviolet laser is to the reference value of the traditional method, and the higher the accuracy rate. If the calculated accuracy rate is lower than the predefined threshold, it is considered that the detection accuracy is not ideal, and the system needs to be optimized. At this time, return to step 3 to correct the discrete relationship data set F3, including adding more test samples of the floating particle density to enrich the data set, or recalibrating the existing data to ensure its accuracy and consistency. Subsequently, perform mathematical fitting again using the corrected data set, update the relationship model between the floating particle density and the spot size, and store the new function expression in the calculation and controller.

9. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system for implementing a fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring method as described in claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes an aquarium (12), a computing and controller (14), and a power supply (16). A water quality detector (13) is arranged inside the aquarium (12). An ultraviolet laser device is arranged on the right side of the aquarium (12), and an image capturer (11) is arranged on the left side of the aquarium (12). The ultraviolet laser device includes a lamp housing (10). A laser controller (1) and an ultraviolet laser (2) electrically connected to the laser controller (1) are arranged on the right side wall of the lamp housing (10). In the direction of the aquarium (12), a laser controller (1), an ultraviolet laser (2), a light-emitting film (3), a scattering sheet (4), and a filter (5) are sequentially arranged on the lamp housing (10). A regulator control system (9) is arranged at the bottom of the lamp housing (10). A rotary light-emitting film regulator (6), a rotary scattering sheet regulator (7), and a rotary filter regulator (8) are sequentially arranged on the top housing of the lamp housing (10). The power supply (16) powers the monitoring system. The computing and controller (14) is used for: storing the measured discrete data set, the fitted function expression, and the calculated data set; calculating parameters such as the light intensity, light divergence angle, plankton density, water temperature, acidity and alkalinity, pH value, etc. of the aquarium. Connecting to a display screen (15) and displaying the above parameters on the display screen (15) for users to observe; remotely connecting to an intelligent terminal device and displaying the above parameters on the intelligent terminal device for users to observe.

10. A fish tank lighting, sterilization and water quality monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The wavelength range of the ultraviolet laser (2) is selected from the ultraviolet light band for disinfection, and the wavelength range of the UVC band is between 200 - 280 nm. The material of the light-emitting film (3) is any one of the light conversion materials such as phosphor, quantum dot, perovskite, and organic dye. The scattering sheet (4) is a combined structure of a glass substrate and a polymer, carbonate polyester, frosted glass, or acrylic material layer.

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