Method for evaluating health of protected tomato soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating the health of protected tomato soil. The evaluation method comprises the following steps: S1, calculating a seedling strengthening index; s2, soil sample collection: collecting a plurality of soil samples from target soil; s3, related index determination: carrying out parameter detection on the collected soil sample; s4, performing assignment and calculation: performing assignment by adopting an equation; s5, statistics and evaluation: finally, soil quality indexes are calculated through a formula, and soil health index values can be divided into five different categories: SHI is greater than or equal to 0.80, and evaluation is very high; 0.80 gt, 0.80 gt; if the SHI is greater than or equal to 0.60, the evaluation is high; 0.60 gt, 0.60 gt; if SHI is greater than or equal to 0.40, the evaluation is medium; 0.40 gt, 0.40 gt; if the SHI is not less than 0.20, the evaluation is low; sHIlt is carried out; 0.20, the evaluation is very low. The method is easy to operate, the evaluation result is visual, the method is applied to improvement or conservation guidance of greenhouse tomato continuous cropping planting soil, and whether the soil needs to be improved or not can be directly determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil evaluation, and specifically relates to a method for evaluating the health of facility tomato soil. Background Technique

[0002] The evaluation methods for soil health generally include physical indicators, chemical indicators, biological indicators, and output indicators of the soil. Chinese patent document CN109115992A discloses a method for evaluating the health of farmland soil, specifically: (1) scoring the parameters of the health evaluation indicators of the soil sample according to the preset indicator scoring rules; the physical indicators include: soil texture, soil water content, soil surface hardness, soil subsurface hardness, and aggregate stability; the chemical indicators include: pH value, extractable phosphorus, extractable potassium, trace elements, and heavy metals; the biological indicators include: organic matter content, activated carbon content, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, and root health level; the output indicators include: crop yield, crop quality, and crop commodity qualification rate. (2) Obtaining the optimal parameters of the health evaluation indicators that the soil sample can reach in a preset future time period according to the parameters of the health evaluation indicators of the soil sample; (3) scoring the optimal parameters of the health evaluation indicators that the soil sample can reach in the preset future time period according to the preset indicator scoring rules to obtain the optimal score of the soil sample.

[0003] Obviously, for soils with different planting objectives, the evaluation indicators or their assignments will be different. Moreover, the existing methods for evaluating the health of cultivated land soil often ignore the impact of pathogenic bacteria on crops.

[0004] Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. It is native to South America and contains rich nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, and soluble sugars, which can strengthen the body and prevent diseases. In recent years, the planting scale of protected tomatoes has been continuously expanding, and the multiple cropping index per unit area has also been increasing. During the protected cultivation process, the problem of continuous cropping has become increasingly serious. In particular, the balance state of the microbial community in the protected soil has been severely damaged by continuous planting and unscientific fertilization and pesticide application. Harmful pathogens and pests have multiplied, and soil-borne diseases have occurred frequently and continuously worsened. Therefore, for the tomato planting industry, many indicators such as soil fertility index, trace elements, heavy metal element content, and soil-borne disease pathogens are important factors affecting tomato survival rate, quality, and yield. Current research has found that the diseases occurring in tomato continuous cropping are mainly caused by fungi, bacteria, and root-knot nematodes. Among them, the pathogenic fungi include Ralstonia solanacrarum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, etc.; the pathogenic bacteria include Ralstonia solanacearum, etc.

[0005] In addition, in the traditional health evaluation model, the crop output index system includes two major aspects. Macroscopically, it includes yield and income, and microscopically, it is product quality, among which the most commonly used is the yield index. However, during the protected cultivation process, seedling raising and transplanting are important links to improve crop survival rate and yield. Soil-borne diseases easily lead to the growth inhibition of tomato seedlings after transplanting, affecting transplanting survival rate and yield and quality. The present invention focuses on the personalized health evaluation method for protected tomato soil, aiming to achieve the goals of early prevention, reducing diseases, reducing pesticide usage, and improving tomato quality and yield. The change of soil environment will not only inhibit the root development of seedlings, but also reduce photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in weak seedling stems and decreased stress resistance. Therefore, the present invention incorporates the strong seedling index reflecting the developed degree of tomato roots and the strong level of seedling stems as the crop health index for the growth of tomatoes after transplanting.

[0006] In the prior art, there has been no publicly disclosed health evaluation method for protected tomato soil. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a personalized health evaluation method for protected tomato soil.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] The health evaluation method for protected tomato soil includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Calculation of the vigorous seedling index: Select tomato seedlings with uniform size and the same growth vigor, plant them in the target soil that needs to be evaluated for health, for at least 2 weeks, and calculate the vigorous seedling index of the seedlings according to the following formula:

[0011] SI = TDW × (PH / SD + SDW / RDW),

[0012] In the formula: SI is the vigorous seedling index, TDW, SDW, and RDW are the total dry weight, underground dry weight, and aboveground dry weight of the seedlings respectively, and PH and SD are the stem diameter and plant height of the seedlings;

[0013] S2. Collection of soil samples: Collect several soil samples from the target soil;

[0014] S3. Determination of relevant indicators: Detect the parameters of the collected soil samples. The detected parameters include physical and chemical property indicators, common and trace element indicators, heavy metal indicators, and microbial indicators; Physical and chemical property indicators include soil water content, Ec value, pH value, organic matter, active organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium; Common and trace element indicators include exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available silicon, available boron, available iron, available manganese, and available selenium; Heavy metal indicators include cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel; Microbial indicators include microbial diversity and pathogen abundance (Pseudomonas solanacearum, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides), and the detection methods are shown in Table 1;

[0015] Table 1 Detection methods for relevant indicators

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] S4. Assignment and calculation: Use the following equations for assignment: The soil water content, Ec value, pH value, organic matter, active organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium in the physical and chemical property indicators, as well as the trace element indicators and microbial diversity are assigned using the SSF1 formula;

[0019] SSF1:

[0020] The heavy metal indicators and pathogen abundance are assigned using the SSF2 formula:

[0021] SSF2:

[0022] Among them, x is the measured value of the soil index; f(x) is the index score; L and U are the upper and lower threshold values of the soil index respectively; establish the logical relationship between the strong seedling index and the measured value x of the soil index, and assign values and calculate according to the variable values corresponding to 40% and 80% of the strong seedling index y as the L value and U value of the soil index x;

[0023] Among them, the calculation formula of 40%y is: 40%y = 40% * (y max -y min ) + y min , and the calculation formula of 80%y is: 80%y = 80% * (y max -y min ) + y min ;

[0024] S5. Statistics and evaluation:

[0025] Finally, calculate the soil quality index (SHI) through the formula:

[0026]

[0027] Among them: W i is the weight value of each index; S i is the score of each index; n is the number of indexes in the dataset; the weight distribution

[0028] The weights of the indexes are calculated from the results of principal component analysis. The calculation method is the ratio of the communality of a certain index to the sum of the communalities of all indexes. The soil health index value can be divided into five different categories: SHI≥0.80, evaluated as very high; 0.80>SHI≥0.60, evaluated as high; 0.60>SHI≥0.40, evaluated as medium; 0.40>SHI≥0.20, evaluated as low; SHI<0.20, evaluated as very low.

[0029] Obviously, step S1 can also be moved after step S3.

[0030] As an improvement, in the said step S1, collection and measurement are carried out 15 days after the seedling transplantation.

[0031] As an improvement, in the said step S2, the sampling is carried out in 3 layers. The sampling is carried out in 3 layers. The tillage layer is sampled in layers of 0 - 10 cm and 11 - 20 cm, and the non-tillage layer is sampled in the 21 - 40 cm layer. After sampling, the 3 soil layers are mixed evenly.

[0032] The inventive concept of the present invention lies in the fact that considering that the changes in the soil environment will not only inhibit the root development of seedlings, but also reduce the photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in weak seedling stems and decreased stress resistance. Therefore, the seedling vigor index reflecting the developed degree of tomato roots and the healthy level of stems can become a crop health index for the growth of tomatoes after transplantation. Secondly, adding the five pathogenic bacteria currently affecting the continuous cropping of greenhouse tomatoes to the soil health evaluation index enriches the perspective of pathogenic bacteria in the evaluation of greenhouse tomato soil health, making the entire evaluation system more suitable for application in actual production construction and improving the scientific nature of evaluation results.

[0033] In summary, the method described in the present invention is simple to operate, scientifically sound, and the evaluation results are intuitive. When applied to the improvement or conservation guidance of the soil for continuous cropping of greenhouse tomatoes, it can directly determine whether the soil needs to be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a scatter plot corresponding to the data of available potassium and seedling vigor index. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] 1. Numerical detection

[0038] Collect soil samples from continuously cropped greenhouse tomatoes for 1 year (LZ) and greenhouse empty land (KD), and set up plot experiments. Each plot is 25m 2 , with 4 replicates, totaling 8 plots. 80 tomato seedlings are planted in each plot. Other management is the same during the experiment. Before planting tomato seedlings, soil samples from the 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, and 20-40 cm soil layers are collected downward from the ground surface in each plot to form a representative sample of the mixed soil environment characteristics. The average values of the collected sample indicators are shown in Table 2-5 below.

[0039] Table 2 Measured values of physical and chemical properties of soil samples

[0040]

[0041] Table 3 Measured values of trace elements in soil samples

[0042]

[0043] Table 4 Measured values of heavy metal indicators in soil samples

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Table 5 Measured values of microbial indicators in soil samples

[0047]

[0048] 2. Calculation of strong seedling index

[0049] Tomato seedlings with uniform growth and the same size were transplanted into the soil of 2 target plots. After 15 days, 4 tomato seedlings were randomly selected from each plot for collection, and then taken back to the laboratory to measure the stem diameter and plant height of the fresh seedlings. After drying in an oven, the above-ground and underground plants were weighed and recorded. The dead seedling rate of the remaining tomato seedlings in the plot was recorded during the growth period, and the tomato yield in each plot was recorded at the harvest stage.

[0050] Strong seedling index: SI = TDW × (PH / SD + SDW / RDW),

[0051] In the formula: SI is the strong seedling index, TDW, SDW and RDW are the total dry matter weight, underground dry matter weight and above-ground dry matter weight of the seedlings respectively, and PH and SD are the stem diameter and plant height of the seedlings respectively.

[0052] The average values of the strong seedling index of the 2 target soils are 0.546 (KD) and 0.337 (LZ) respectively.

[0053] 3. Calculation and evaluation

[0054] The weight (w) of the index is calculated from the results of principal component analysis. The calculation method is the ratio of the common factor variance of a certain index to the sum of the common factor variances of all indexes. The weights of different indexes are mainly obtained through principal component analysis. First, the common factor variances of the evaluation indexes are extracted, and then the ratio of the common factor variance of each index to the sum of the common factor variances of all indexes is used as the weight of each data set. Through dimensionality reduction analysis by spass software, principal components are extracted, and the ratio of the variance interpretation degree of each index to the sum of the variance interpretation degrees of all indexes is the weight.

[0055]

[0056] In the formula: Wi is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; Ci is the common factor variance of the i-th evaluation index; n is the number of evaluation indexes.

[0057] Table 6 Variance interpretation degree table for principal component extraction of each factor

[0058]

[0059] The weights of each index are shown in Table 7:

[0060] Table 7 Corresponding Assignments and Weights of Indexes in Soil Samples

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] The comprehensive soil quality SQIs of the 2 soil samples obtained in this example are 0.38 and 0.62 respectively, and they are evaluated as medium and high respectively.

[0064] Taking soil available potassium as an example, the calculation process of score assignment is described as follows:

[0065] Step 1: According to all the measured available potassium (x) and strong seedling index (y) values, a scatter plot is made to fit a linear equation as follows: y = 0.0078x - 1.4545

[0066] where y represents the strong seedling index and x represents the measured value of soil available potassium.

[0067] Table 8 Table for Calculating L and U Values of Soil Available Potassium Index

[0068]

[0069] Step 2: According to the linear equation (y = 0.0078x - 1.4545), the corresponding L and U (the x values corresponding to 40% and 80% of the y value are the upper limit L and the lower threshold U) are calculated, and the results are 243 and 265.

[0070] Step 3: According to the function of soil available potassium to support crop growth, which is an index with the higher the better, the SSF1 index score assignment formula is used to assign scores to it. The specific score assignment results are as follows:

[0071] SSF1:

[0072] Substituting the measured average value into SSF1, it can be seen that the available potassium indexes of continuous cropping soil and greenhouse empty land soil are assigned scores of 0.1 and 0.83 respectively.

[0073] Table 9 Score Assignment Table for Soil Available Potassium Index

[0074]

[0075] 4. Validity Verification

[0076] Continue to conduct the cherry tomato planting experiment, record the death seedling rate of tomatoes and the tomato yield. According to the records of the tomato growth period, the death seedling rate of tomatoes planted in the empty space of the greenhouse is about 20% lower than that of tomatoes planted in the greenhouse with continuous cropping for 1 year. During the tomato harvesting period, the actual yield of tomatoes planted in the empty space of the greenhouse is more than 30% higher than that of tomatoes with continuous cropping for 1 year.

[0077] The above can draw the conclusion that: in Example 1, the comprehensive soil quality SQIs of the two soil samples (LZ and KD) evaluated according to the method of the present invention are medium and high respectively, and subsequent tomato experiments show that the death seedling rate and yield performance of tomatoes are consistent with the previous quality evaluation results. Therefore, the method for evaluating the health of greenhouse tomato soil in this patent is worthy of reference.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the health of tomato-growing soil, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Calculation of the seedling vigor index: Select tomato seedlings of uniform size and growth vigor, and plant them in the target soil that needs to be evaluated for health for at least 2 weeks. Calculate the seedling vigor index according to the following formula: SI = TDW×(PH / SD + SDW / RDW), where: SI is the seedling vigor index, TDW, SDW, and RDW are the total dry weight, underground dry weight, and aboveground dry weight of the seedlings respectively, and PH and SD are the stem diameter and plant height of the seedlings; This step can also be moved after step S3; S2. Collection of soil samples: Collect several soil samples from the target soil; S3. Determination of relevant indicators: Detect the parameters of the collected soil samples. The detected parameters include physical and chemical property indicators, trace element indicators, heavy metal indicators, and microbial indicators; Physical and chemical property indicators include soil moisture content, Ec value, pH value, organic matter, active organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium; Trace element indicators include exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available silicon, available boron, available iron, available manganese, and available selenium; Heavy metal indicators include cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel; Microbial indicators include microbial diversity and the abundances of Pseudomonas solanacearum, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Cladosporium cladosporioides; S4. Assignment and calculation: Use the following equations for assignment: The soil moisture content, Ec value, pH value, organic matter, active organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium in the physical and chemical property indicators, as well as the trace element indicators and microbial diversity are assigned using the SSF1 formula, and the heavy metal indicators and pathogen abundances are assigned using the SSF2 formula; SSF1: SSF2: where x is the measured value of the soil index; f(x) is the index score; L and U are the upper and lower threshold values of the soil index respectively; Establish the logical relationship between the seedling vigor index and the measured value x of the soil index, and perform assignment calculation using the variable values corresponding to 40% and 80% of the seedling vigor index as the L value and U value of the soil index x; S5. Statistics and evaluation: Finally, calculate the soil health index (SHI) through the formula: Among which W i is the weight value of each index; S i is the score of each index; n is the number of indexes in the smallest dataset; The soil health index value can be divided into five different categories: SHI≥0.80, evaluated as very high; 0.80>SHI≥0.60, evaluated as high; 0.60>SHI≥0.40, evaluated as medium; 0.40>SHI≥0.20, evaluated as low; SHI<0.20, evaluated as very low.

2. The method for evaluating the health of the soil of protected tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, collection and measurement are carried out 15 days after the transplantation of the seedlings.

3. The method for evaluating the health of the soil of protected tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the plough layer is sampled in layers of 0 - 10 cm and 11 - 20 cm, and the non - plough layer is sampled at 21 - 40 cm. After sampling, the three soil layers are mixed evenly.

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