Broadband wide-angle circular polarization beam scanning antenna array

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, and relates to the technical field of circularly polarized antennae, the antenna array comprises a broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array and a dielectric anisotropic polarizer, the dielectric anisotropic polarizer comprises a dielectric base and a dielectric block, the dielectric block is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric base, the dielectric block is composed of a plurality of dielectric plates which are arranged in parallel, the plurality of dielectric plates are all perpendicular to the dielectric base, a gap exists between every two adjacent dielectric plates, all the gaps are equal, and the projection line of the dielectric plates on the dielectric base and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam form an angle of 45 degrees. A groove is formed in the lower surface of the dielectric base, the broadband wide-angle linear polarization beam scanning antenna array is located in the groove, and the broadband wide-angle linear polarization beam scanning antenna array is matched with the groove. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided by the invention is low in cost and simple in structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of circularly polarized antennas, and in particular, to a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array based on a dielectric anisotropic polarizer. Background Art

[0002] Circularly polarized (CP) antennas can be widely used in fields such as satellite communication, radio frequency identification, and radar detection due to their characteristics of suppressing multipath interference, avoiding polarization mismatch, and eliminating the Faraday rotation effect. With the continuous development of satellite communication technology, the requirements for CP antennas are constantly increasing. CP antennas are required to have a wide-angle scanning ability to increase the signal coverage range and a wide bandwidth to cover the entire operating frequency band, that is, a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array is needed. In addition, the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array is required to have the advantages of low cost and simple structure.

[0003] However, although the existing non-phase-compensated circularly polarized beam scanning strategy can achieve wide-angle scanning, the bandwidth is narrow. This is mainly because the axial ratio (i.e., the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the propagation trajectory of the circularly polarized radiation beam) is prone to deterioration at wide angles and away from the center frequency of the bandwidth. Therefore, it is difficult for the existing non-phase-compensated circularly polarized beam scanning strategy to achieve broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning. To achieve broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning, a phase-compensated circularly polarized beam scanning strategy can be adopted. Specifically, two ports are set for each antenna element, and by simultaneously exciting the two ports of each antenna element and applying a 90-degree phase difference, broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning can be achieved. However, this greatly increases the complexity of the antenna structure and also significantly increases the cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, which can provide a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array with low cost and simple structure to complete broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, where the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array includes: a broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array and a dielectric anisotropic polarizer;

[0007] The dielectric anisotropic polarizer is used to convert the linearly polarized radiation beam emitted by the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array into a circularly polarized radiation beam; the dielectric anisotropic polarizer includes a dielectric base and a dielectric block, and the dielectric block is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric base; the dielectric block is composed of a plurality of parallel dielectric plates, and all the dielectric plates are perpendicular to the dielectric base, and there are gaps between adjacent two dielectric plates, and all the gaps are equal, and the projection line of the dielectric plate on the dielectric base forms a 45-degree angle with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam; a groove is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric base, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array is located in the groove, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array fits with the groove.

[0008] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0009] The present application provides a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, which includes: a broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array and a dielectric anisotropic polarizer. The dielectric anisotropic polarizer includes a dielectric base and a dielectric block. The dielectric block is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric base. The dielectric block is composed of a plurality of parallel dielectric plates. All the dielectric plates are perpendicular to the dielectric base, and there are gaps between adjacent two dielectric plates, and all the gaps are equal. The projection line of the dielectric plate on the dielectric base forms a 45-degree angle with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam. A groove is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric base, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array is located in the groove, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array fits with the groove. By designing the structure of the dielectric anisotropic polarizer and its positional relationship with the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array, the present application can convert the linearly polarized radiation beam emitted by the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array into a circularly polarized radiation beam through the dielectric anisotropic polarizer, so as to realize broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning. Compared with the phase compensation circularly polarized beam scanning strategy, it is not necessary to set two ports for each antenna unit, nor is it necessary to apply a 90-degree phase difference. Only one dielectric anisotropic polarizer needs to be designed, thus providing a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array with low cost and simple structure. Description of the Drawings

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0011] Figure 1Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0012] Figure 2 Front view of the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0013] Figure 3 Top view of the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0014] Figure 4 Bottom view of the broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0015] Figure 5 Schematic structure diagram of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0016] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0017] Figure 7 Schematic size diagram of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0018] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structural principle of the dielectric anisotropic polarizer (DAP) provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0019] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the relationship between the duty cycle q and the height h for obtaining a 90° phase difference provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0020] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the simulation performance of the DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; where Figure 10 in (a) is the transmission coefficient |t xx | in the x direction, the transmission coefficient |t yy | in the y direction, the reflection coefficient |r xx | in the x direction, and the reflection coefficient |r yy | in the y direction, Figure 10 in (b) is the phase difference |arg(t xx ) - arg(t yy )| and the amplitude difference ||t xx | - |t yy ||.

[0021] Figure 11Schematic diagram of the influence of key parameter changes on the DAP phase difference provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; among them, Figure 11 (a) in it is the influence of the incident angle, Figure 11 (b) in it is the influence of the aperture size W2.

[0022] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of a 1×4 dual LP (dual Linearly Polarized) antenna array provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0023] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of a 1×4 dual LP antenna array after loading DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0024] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the performance of a 1×4 dual LP antenna array before and after loading DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; among them, Figure 14 (a) in it is the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) before loading DAP, Figure 14 (b) in it is the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio after loading DAP, Figure 14 (c) in it is the gain and Axial Ratio (AR) before loading DAP, Figure 14 (d) in it is the gain and Axial Ratio after loading DAP.

[0025] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the beam scanning performance of a 1×4 dual LP antenna array before loading DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; among them, Figure 15 (a) in it is the gain of HP (Horizontally Polarized), Figure 15 (b) in it is the gain of VP (Vertical Polarization).

[0026] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the performance of a 1×4 dual LP antenna array after loading DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; among them, Figure 16 (a) in it is the gain of RHCP (Right-Hand Circular Polarization), Figure 16 (b) in it is the gain of LHCP (Left-Hand Circular Polarization), Figure 16 (c) in it is the Axial Ratio of RHCP, Figure 16 (d) in it is the Axial Ratio of LHCP.

[0027] Figure 17 This is the performance schematic diagram of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 17 (a) in it is the standing wave ratio and gain, Figure 17 (b) in it is the gain beam in the xoz and yoz planes at 20.0 GHz, Figure 17 (c) in it is the gain beam in the xoz and yoz planes at 25.0 GHz, Figure 17 (d) in it is the gain beam in the xoz and yoz planes at 30.0 GHz.

[0028] Figure 18 This is the performance schematic diagram of the 1×8LP antenna array before and after loading the DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 18 (a) in it is the active voltage standing wave ratio (AVSWR) before loading the DAP, Figure 18 (b) in it is the active voltage standing wave ratio after loading the DAP, Figure 18 (c) in it is the axial ratio and gain before loading the DAP, Figure 18 (d) in it is the axial ratio and gain after loading the DAP.

[0029] Figure 19 This is the beam scanning performance schematic diagram of the 1×8LP antenna array before loading the DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 19 (a) in it is the gain at 21.0 GHz, Figure 19 (b) in it is the gain at 23.0 GHz, Figure 19 (c) in it is the gain at 25.2 GHz.

[0030] Figure 20 This is the beam scanning performance schematic diagram of the 1×8LP antenna array after loading the DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 20 (a) in it is the gain at 21.0 GHz, Figure 20 (b) in it is the gain at 23.0 GHz, Figure 20 (c) in it is the gain at 25.2 GHz.

[0031] Figure 21 This is the axial ratio schematic diagram of the ±1° range corresponding to each beam in the beam scanning of the 1×8LP antenna array after loading the DAP provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 21 (a) in it is the axial ratio at 21.0 GHz, Figure 21 (b) in it is the axial ratio at 23.0 GHz, Figure 21 (c) in it is the axial ratio at 25.2 GHz.

[0032] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of active standing wave ratio when different phase differences exist between adjacent units of a 1×8 LP antenna array before loading DAP according to Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 22 (a) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD (Phase Difference) = 35°, Figure 22 (b) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -35°, Figure 22 (c) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = 70°, Figure 22 (d) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -70°, Figure 22 (e) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = 110°, Figure 22 (f) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -110°.

[0033] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of active standing wave ratio when different phase differences exist between adjacent units of a 1×8 LP antenna array after loading DAP according to Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 23 (a) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = 35°, Figure 23 (b) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -35°, Figure 23 (c) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = 70°, Figure 23 (d) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -70°, Figure 23 (e) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = 110°, Figure 23 (f) in it is the active standing wave ratio when PD = -110°.

[0034] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of test results according to Embodiment 1 of the present application; wherein, Figure 24 (a) in it is the normalized radiation pattern, Figure 24 (b) in it is the axial ratio.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 1 - Wideband wide - angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array; 2 - Dielectric anisotropic polarizer; 3 - Dielectric base; 4 - Dielectric plate; 5 - Connection frame; 6 - First substrate; 7 - Second substrate; 8 - Third substrate; 9 - First metal radiation patch; 10 - Second metal radiation patch; 11 - First metal hole; 12 - Second metal hole; 13 - Coupling slot; 14 - Feeder; 15 - Feeder lead - out plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] Since the existing non-phase-compensated circularly polarized beam scanning strategy is difficult to achieve broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning, although the existing phase-compensated circularly polarized beam scanning strategy can achieve broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning, it greatly increases the cost and structural complexity. With the continuous progress of technologies such as satellite communication, there is an increasing expectation for new technical solutions that can overcome the above limitations, not only achieve wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning within a broadband range, but also have characteristics such as low cost and simple structure, so as to be applicable to a wide range of commercial applications.

[0040] Based on this, considering that in the design process of traditional circularly polarized beam scanning antenna arrays, both the wide-angle beam scanning performance of the antenna array and the axial ratio performance during scanning need to be considered, and the two affect each other and it is difficult to achieve broadband wide-angle simultaneously. The research idea of this embodiment is to separate the two. First, only consider the wide-angle beam scanning performance without considering the axial ratio, and design a linearly polarized antenna array that can achieve wide-angle beam scanning within a broadband range. Then, only consider the axial ratio, and design a broadband dielectric anisotropic polarizer with angular stability, which can convert the linearly polarized radiation beam into a circularly polarized radiation beam. Finally, combine the two to form a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array.

[0041] This embodiment provides a broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array includes: a broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 and a dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2. The broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 can achieve broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning, and the dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2 is used to convert the linearly polarized radiation beam emitted by the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 into a circularly polarized radiation beam, so as to achieve broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning.

[0042] The dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2 includes a dielectric base 3 and a dielectric block. The dielectric block is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric base 3. The dielectric block is composed of a plurality of dielectric plates 4 arranged in parallel. The plurality of dielectric plates 4 are all perpendicular to the dielectric base 3, and there are gaps between adjacent two dielectric plates 4, and all the gaps are equal. The projection line of the dielectric plate 4 on the dielectric base 3 forms a 45-degree angle with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam refers to the polarization direction after the linearly polarized radiation beam is incident on the dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2. A groove is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric base 3. The broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 is located in the groove, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 fits with the groove.

[0043] In this embodiment, the side surface of the dielectric block coincides with the side surface of the dielectric base 3, that is, the shapes of the dielectric block and the dielectric base 3 are exactly the same, only the heights are different. The dielectric block and the dielectric base 3 can be of any shape, such as a cuboid, a cylinder, etc.

[0044] Considering that the linearly polarized radiation beam can only complete the polarization conversion process and become a circularly polarized radiation beam after experiencing a certain propagation path in the dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2, in this embodiment, the length of the dielectric block is designed according to a preset principle. The preset principle is to enable the linearly polarized radiation beam to have enough propagation path to complete the polarization conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization. Based on this preset principle, those skilled in the art can very easily determine the length of the dielectric block.

[0045] In this embodiment, the width of the dielectric block is set to 1.6λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of air at the center frequency, and the center frequency is the center frequency of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1, so as to achieve high gain.

[0046] In this embodiment, in order to achieve a 90-degree phase difference and complete the polarization conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization, the calculation formula for the height of the dielectric block is:

[0047]

[0048] Where h is the height of the dielectric block; εx is the equivalent dielectric constant parallel to the direction of the dielectric plate 4; εy is the equivalent dielectric constant perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric plate 4.

[0049] In the ideal case, an equal sign is taken, but in the actual case, the value near the calculated h will be taken according to the user's requirements. Therefore, the calculation formula for the height of the dielectric block can also be:

[0050]

[0051] In this embodiment, the duty cycle of the dielectric block is 0.5 - 0.56. The duty cycle is the ratio of the thickness of the dielectric plate 4 to the distance between two adjacent dielectric plates 4. The distance between two adjacent dielectric plates 4 is equal to the sum of the thickness of the dielectric plate 4 and the gap between two adjacent dielectric plates 4.

[0052] In this embodiment, the dielectric anisotropic polarizer 2 further includes a connection frame 5. The connection frame 5 is connected to each dielectric plate 4 and is used to fix the dielectric plate 4. For example, the connection frame 5 can be rectangular. The rectangular connection frame 5 is located on the top of the dielectric plate 4 and is connected to all dielectric plates 4 to fix all dielectric plates 4.

[0053] In this embodiment, the materials of the dielectric base 3, the dielectric block, and the connection frame 5 are all dielectric materials with a dielectric constant less than a preset value. The smaller the preset value, the better. Specifically, it can be determined according to user requirements. The dielectric material can be any dielectric material. For example, polylactic acid (PLA) with a dielectric constant of 2.72 can be used.

[0054] In this embodiment, the groove can be located at the center of the dielectric base 3.

[0055] In this embodiment, the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 includes a plurality of broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna elements arranged in an array. The size of the array can be set arbitrarily. For example, Figure 5 as shown, it can be a 1×8 antenna array.

[0056] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element includes a first substrate 6, a second substrate 7, and a third substrate 8 stacked in sequence from top to bottom. The materials of the first substrate 6, the second substrate 7, and the third substrate 8 can all be dielectric materials. On the upper surface of the first substrate 6, a first metal radiation patch 9 and a second metal radiation patch 10 are provided. Inside the first substrate 6, a first metal hole 11 and a second metal hole 12 are formed. The lower surface of the first substrate 6 is a metal surface, and a coupling groove 13 is formed on the metal surface. The first metal radiation patch 9 is connected to the first metal hole 11, and the second metal radiation patch 10 is connected to the second metal hole 12. The first metal radiation patch 9 and the first metal hole 11 are located on the first side of the coupling groove 13, and the second metal radiation patch 10 and the second metal hole 12 are located on the second side of the coupling groove 13. The first side and the second side are opposite sides. On the lower surface of the third substrate 8, a feeder 14 is provided. The feeder 14 is located directly below the coupling groove 13. The feeder 14 is connected to an external device, and the radio frequency energy provided by the external device is coupled to the first metal radiation patch 9 and the second metal radiation patch 10 through the coupling groove 13 to generate a linearly polarized radiation beam.

[0057] Due to the small size of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1, in order to facilitate the connection of the feeder 14, the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 of this embodiment further includes a feeder lead-out board 15. The feeder lead-out board 15 is respectively connected to each broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna unit, and the feeder 14 extends outward through the feeder lead-out board 15.

[0058] In this embodiment, the number of broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna units can be 8.

[0059] As an example, as Figure 2 shown, the height h of the dielectric block d3 = 23 mm, the height h5 of the dielectric base 3 = 2.53 mm, and the height h of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 s1 = 1.827 mm. As Figure 3 shown, the width R of the dielectric block L3 = 24.4 mm, half of the length of the dielectric block R3 = 44 mm, the thickness q4 of the dielectric plate 4 = 0.8 mm, and the distance p4 between two adjacent dielectric plates 4 = 1.6 mm. As Figure 4 shown, the length L of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 d2 = 38.4 mm, the width W of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array 1 d1 = 9 mm, and the width d3 of the groove on the dielectric base 3 corresponding to the feeder lead-out board 15 = 2.2 mm. As Figure 5 shown, the distance d between two adjacent broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna units = 4.2 mm, the length g of the metallized via = 2.6 mm, and the width d2 of the feeder lead-out board 15 located in the dielectric base 3 = 2 mm. As Figure 6 shown, the height h1 of the first substrate 6 = 1.524 mm, the height h2 of the second substrate 7 = 0.1 mm, and the height h3 of the third substrate 8 = 0.203 mm. As Figure 7 shown, the length L of the first substrate 6, the second substrate 7, and the third substrate 8 = 9 mm, the width W of the first substrate 6, the second substrate 7, and the third substrate 8 = 9 mm, the length L1 of the first metal radiation patch 9 and the second metal radiation patch 10 = 1.1 mm, the width W1 of the first metal radiation patch 9 and the second metal radiation patch 10 = 1.5 mm, the diameter b1 of the first metal hole 11 and the second metal hole 12 = 0.45 mm, the length L s of the coupling slot 13 = 3.2 mm, the width W s of the coupling slot 13 = 0.5 mm, the length L f of the feeder 14 = 5.35 mm, and the width W f of the feeder 14 = 0.4 mm.

[0060] The anisotropic polarizer 2 of this embodiment is integrally formed by 3D printing, which has significant low cost and good angular stability, and does not require complex co-design when combined with the antenna array. Hereinafter, a simulation experiment on the anisotropic polarizer 2 of this embodiment will be carried out:

[0061] The generation of a broadband circularly polarized radiation beam requires that two mutually orthogonal horizontal and vertical electric field components meet the requirements of equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° within a broadband range, as Figure 8 shown. For an LP-to-CP anisotropic polarizer unit composed of air-dielectric-air, when an LP plane wave E i (which is an HP wave at this time) is incident on the anisotropic polarizer unit at an oblique angle of 45°, E i can be decomposed into mutually orthogonal E x and E y components. Among them, E x is parallel to the dielectric plate 4, and E y is perpendicular to the dielectric plate 4, resulting in different equivalent dielectric constants ε x and ε y in the directions of E x and ε y . After passing through a certain height h, the phase of E y leads that of E x by 90°. If the dielectric loss is ignored, then the amplitudes of E x and E y are approximately equal, thus enabling the realization of an RHCP wave. Similarly, when the direction of E i is rotated by 90°, which is a VP wave at this time, then an LHCP wave can be realized. Therefore, by setting an appropriate height h, LP-to-CP conversion can be achieved in any target frequency band.

[0062] It should be noted that the direction of E i is the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam. As an example, the thickness q1 of the dielectric plate 4 is 0.8 mm, and the distance p1 between two adjacent dielectric plates 4 is 1.6 mm.

[0063] ε x and ε y approximately satisfy the following relationship:

[0064] ε x = 1 + q(εr - 1);

[0065]

[0066] where q is the duty cycle, and the value of q will directly affect ε x and ε y ; ε ris the dielectric constant of the dielectric material. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired 90° phase difference, the height h of the DAP unit should satisfy the following conditions:

[0067]

[0068] Since the higher the dielectric constant of the material, the greater the difference between the wave impedance of air and the wave impedance of the medium, it is easy to cause impedance mismatch. Therefore, in order to obtain a high transmission coefficient, a dielectric material with a low dielectric constant should be preferred. This embodiment uses low-cost PLA with a dielectric constant of 2.72. Then, by combining the above three formulas, the effect of the change in duty cycle q on the height h is calculated, as shown in Figure 9 As shown, when q = 0.5-0.56, the required height h is about 1.60-1.61λ0, which is the approximate lowest profile. Therefore, considering the profile of the dielectric anisotropic polarizer and the time cost and material cost of 3D printing, the duty cycle q = 0.5 can be finally determined.

[0069] According to the target frequency band, the height h is determined to be 22 mm, q is set to 0.5, and the dielectric constant of the selected dielectric material is 2.72, such as Figure 10 As shown, the transmission coefficient of the DAP unit was simulated using CST software and calculated using Matlab. xx |、|t yy | and reflection coefficient |r xx |、|r yy |, and then the phase difference |arg(t xx )-arg(t yy )| and amplitude difference||t xx |-|t yy ||, it can be observed that in the broadband range the transmission coefficient |t xx | and |t yy | are both greater than 0.9, the amplitude difference || t xx |-|t yy || is approximately 0, the phase difference |arg(t xx )-arg(t yy )| satisfies 90°±20° in the 15-27 GHz frequency band, which reveals that in the 15-27 GHz frequency band, both E x and E y The amplitudes of the two phases are approximately equal, and the phase difference |arg(t xx )-arg(t yy )| is about 90°, so that the desired LP-to-CP conversion can be achieved near the 15-27GHz frequency band.

[0070] To evaluate the polarization conversion performance of the DAP unit during beam scanning at different angles, it is necessary to analyze the angular stability of the DAP unit. As shown in (a) of Figure 11 , the phase difference |arg(t i ) - arg(t xx )| of the DAP unit is given when the incident angle of the plane wave E yy gradually increases from 0° to 60°. It can be observed that as the incident angle increases, the frequency band with PD = 90° ± 20° gradually shifts to lower frequencies, but the change in the relative bandwidth is very small, and it can still maintain an approximate 90° phase difference within a wide frequency band. This is mainly because as the incident angle gradually increases, the propagation path of the incident wave in the DAP unit gradually increases, resulting in the working frequency band shifting to lower frequencies. The results show that the DAP unit has good angular stability. It should be noted that the reason for using the phase difference to represent LP-to-CP is that in the case of neglecting dielectric losses, the amplitude difference ||t xx | - |t yy || easily satisfies the condition of being approximately 0. Therefore, when the phase difference is also approximately 90°, LP-to-CP conversion can be achieved.

[0071] Figure 11 (b) of Figure 8 shows the influence of the change in the aperture size W2 of the DAP unit (i.e., p1 in Figure 8 ) on PD. When W2 decreases or increases, W1 (i.e., q1 in Figure 8 ) also decreases or increases proportionally to ensure that the duty cycle q remains constant, and at the same time, ensure that the height h also remains constant. It can be observed that when the aperture size gradually increases from W2 = 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, the value of PD and the working frequency band hardly change, indicating that the aperture size W2 of the DAP unit has little effect on the performance. Therefore, this characteristic can be used to realize the miniaturization and customization of the polarizer aperture size. However, to avoid Wood anomalies, it should be ensured that W2 of the DAP unit is much smaller than the working wavelength of the DAP unit.

[0072] To study the dual CP beam scanning ability of the proposed DAP-based CP beam scanning antenna array, the following simulation experiments are carried out in this embodiment:

[0073] First, a 1×4 dual LP beam scanning antenna array is selected, as shown in Figure 12 . Then, the size of the DAP is set according to the working frequency band and aperture size of the dual LP beam scanning antenna array, and the DAP and the dual LP beam scanning antenna array are co-designed. Specifically, to keep the cost low, the overall structure needs to be as simple as possible. The combination method of directly placing the dual LP beam scanning antenna array below the DAP is adopted, as shown in Figure 13As shown, an electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is then used for optimized design. To prove that the DAP combined with a linearly polarized antenna array does not require complex co-design, a separate design of the DAP and the linearly polarized antenna array can be achieved. During the HFSS simulation process, only the DAP is optimized without changing the structural parameters of the linearly polarized antenna array.

[0074] Figure 14 The standing wave ratio, axial ratio, and gain performance of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array with and without DAP loading in the horizontal polarization and vertical polarization states at equal phase are given. It can be observed that in the HP and VP states, the change in the VSWR < 3 frequency band of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array with and without DAP loading is very small. At the 26 GHz frequency point, after loading the DAP, the AR of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array in the HP and VP states is reduced from 29.3 dB and 32.0 dB to 1.3 dB and 1.6 dB respectively. In addition, within the entire VSWR < 3 bandwidth, after loading the DAP, the AR of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array is always lower than 3 dB. The results show that the polarization state of the antenna array is transformed from LP to CP. Specifically, it can be seen from the change in CP gain that after loading the DAP, the polarization states of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array are transformed from VP and HP to RHCP and LHCP respectively. Among them, when ports 1, 3, 5, and 7 are excited, the polarization state of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array is HP, and after loading the DAP, the polarization state of the antenna array is transformed from HP to RHCP. When ports 2, 4, 6, and 8 are excited, the polarization state of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array is VP, and after loading the DAP, the polarization state of the antenna array is transformed from VP to LHCP. The results reveal that by simply changing the polarization state of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array, the CP state of the antenna array after loading the DAP can be changed, and the dual-LP to dual-CP conversion can be flexibly achieved. In addition, after loading the DAP, the peak gains of the original 1×4 dual LP antenna array are increased from 12.4 dBi and 13.9 dBi in the VP and HP states to 16.5 dBic and 16.3 dBic respectively, with the gains increased by 4.1 dB and 2.4 dB respectively. The results show that loading the DAP helps to improve the gain of the antenna array, which is mainly because some incident waves (i.e., linearly polarized radiation beams) will refract during the process of entering and leaving the DAP, making the angle between the refracted wave and the normal direction when leaving the DAP smaller than the angle between the incident wave and the normal direction, thus increasing the gain.

[0075] Figure 15 and Figure 16The beam scanning performance of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array with and without loading DAP in the HP and VP states is given respectively. To facilitate the comparison of the radiation beam changes of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array before and after loading DAP, the phase and amplitude settings corresponding to each radiation beam of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array with and without loading DAP are kept consistent. It can be observed that the 1×4 dual LP antenna array can achieve beam scanning of approximately ±32° and ±31° in the HP and VP states respectively. After loading DAP, when the polarization of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array is HP, the polarization of the antenna array loaded with DAP becomes RHCP. When the polarization of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array is switched to VP, the polarization of the antenna array loaded with DAP becomes LHCP. Among them, the RHCP and LHCP beams can achieve CP beam scanning of approximately ±31°. Throughout the scanning range of the RHCP and LHCP beams, the AR of the antenna array is always lower than 3 dB. In addition, after loading DAP, the gain of the radiation beam of the antenna array is significantly improved, the beam sidelobe does not deteriorate significantly, and the radiation angle remains almost unchanged. In summary, by loading DAP above the 1×4 dual LP antenna array and switching the polarization state of the 1×4 dual LP antenna array, dual CP beam scanning can be achieved. At the same time, the presence of DAP will not only not reduce the beam angle of the LP antenna, but also will not significantly deteriorate the beam performance, and can also significantly improve the gain of the antenna array.

[0076] Since the purpose of this embodiment is to study the broadband beam scanning performance of the CP beam scanning antenna array based on DAP, therefore, a broadband LP beam scanning antenna array needs to be designed first, and its premise is to require an LP antenna element with a broadband half-power beamwidth. Therefore, this embodiment first designs an LP magnetoelectric dipole antenna element with a broadband half-power beamwidth, that is Figure 6 The broadband angular linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element shown has a wider impedance bandwidth and a wider half-power beamwidth.

[0077] The simulation results of the broadband angular linearly polarized beam scanning antenna element are as Figure 17 shown. It can be observed that the VSWR of this antenna element is less than 3 in the frequency band of 20.4 - 37.0 GHz, and it can maintain a stable gain within the bandwidth of 20 - 33 GHz. However, when the frequency is about 33 GHz, the gain of the antenna element deteriorates rapidly. Therefore, when using this antenna element, only the performance of the antenna array when the frequency is less than 33 GHz is concerned. Figure 17Figures (b)-(d) therein respectively show the gains of the antenna element varying with the angle in the xoz plane and yoz plane at 20 GHz, 25 GHz, and 30 GHz to evaluate the half-power beamwidth of the antenna element. The results show that the half-power beamwidths of the designed antenna element at 20 GHz, 25 GHz, and 30 GHz are approximately 97.5° (-48.8° to +48.7°), 116.9° (-58.6° to +58.3°), and 117.0° (-59.2° to +57.8°), respectively. The results reveal that the proposed antenna element has a wide half-power beam, stable gain, and low VSWR in the broadband range, making the antenna element suitable for the design of broadband LP beam scanning antenna arrays.

[0078] This embodiment further studies the ability of broadband wide-angle CP beam scanning. The simulation experiment is as follows:

[0079] An antenna array with broadband wide-angle LP beam scanning needs to be designed first. Therefore, based on the LP magnetoelectric dipole antenna element discussed above, a 1×8 LP antenna array is designed. There is a thin base under the DAP to fix each dielectric plate. The thin base is made of PLA dielectric material. The thin base of the DAP is optimized according to the structure of the 1×8 LP antenna array, so that the 1×8 LP antenna array can be exactly embedded in the thin base of the DAP. The thin base can be optimized according to the aperture of different antenna arrays to achieve matching with any antenna aperture. The ports of the designed 1×8 LP antenna array are extended to match the actual tooling. Since the beam scanning angle of the 1×8 LP antenna array is relatively large at low frequencies, in order to ensure wide-angle performance, the height of the DAP is increased during the design, so that the operating frequency of the DAP moves towards the low frequency to obtain broadband wide-angle beam scanning characteristics.

[0080] Figure 18 The AVSWR, AR, and gain of the 1×8 LP antenna array without loading and with loading the DAP are given when each port of the 1×8 LP antenna array is fed in phase. It can be observed from the results that, compared with the 1×8 LP antenna array without loading the DAP, after loading the DAP, the AVSWR in the low-frequency band of the 1×8 LP antenna array is significantly improved, further verifying that the proposed DAP helps to reduce the AVSWR of the antenna array. On the other hand, after loading the DAP, the AR value of the 1×8 LP antenna array drops significantly, and in the frequency band of 19.0 - 26.5 GHz, the AR value is less than 3, realizing the broadband LP to CP conversion.

[0081] As Figure 19 and Figure 20As shown, the beam scanning performance of the 1×8 LP antenna array before and after loading the DAP is given under the same phase and amplitude settings in HFSS. Among them, the phase differences between adjacent units are set to -110°, -75°, -35°, 0°, +35°, +70° and +110°, respectively. It can be observed that at the frequencies of 21.0 GHz, 23.0 GHz and 25.2 GHz, the beam scanning ranges of the 1×8 LP antenna array are -64° - +64°, -59° - +59° and -57° - +57°, respectively. The results show that the 1×8 LP antenna array achieves wide-angle beam scanning in the frequency band of 21.0 - 25.2 GHz (18.2%).

[0082] After loading the DAP, it can be first observed from Figure 20 that the polarization of each original beam has been changed from LP to CP. In addition, at the frequencies of 21.0 GHz, 23.0 GHz and 25.2 GHz, the CP beam scanning ranges are -67° - +67°, -62° - +64° and -61° - +60°, respectively. Compared with the beam scanning angles of the LP antenna array without loading the DAP, after loading the DAP, the beam scanning angles of the antenna array have been slightly improved, and generally have good consistency. Figure 21 The AR within the range of ±1° near the main lobe of each CP beam in Figure 20 is given. It can be observed that within the wide-angle CP beam scanning range in the frequency band of 21.0 - 25.2 GHz (18.2%), the AR value always remains below or very close to 3 dB. The above results reveal that the new scheme of CP beam scanning based on DAP proposed in this embodiment can achieve wide-angle CP beam scanning in a wide frequency band, which is difficult to achieve by traditional antenna schemes. This is mainly due to the fact that the LP antenna array has broadband wide-angle beam scanning characteristics, while the DAP has good angular stability and broadband characteristics.

[0083] The CP beam scanning strategy based on DAP proposed in this embodiment provides a new idea for realizing broadband wide-angle beam scanning. Different from the traditional antenna scheme where the axial ratio of the antenna is prone to deterioration, making it difficult to achieve broadband wide-angle CP scanning, the combination of the LP antenna array and the DAP with broadband angular stability gets rid of the limitation of the axial ratio. By simply optimizing the structure of the DAP, the conversion from LP to CP in broadband wide-angle can be achieved.

[0084] Figure 22 and Figure 23The AVSWR of the 1×8 LP antenna array without and with DAP loading is given respectively. Among them, the phase differences between adjacent units are set to -110°, -75°, -35°, +35°, +70° and +110° respectively. It can be observed that, compared with the AVSWR of the LP antenna array without DAP loading, the AVSWR of the LP antenna array still obtains significant improvement after loading DAP. Specifically, before and after loading DAP, when the phase gradients are -110°, -75°, -35°, +35°, +70° and +110°, the maximum AVSWR of the LP antenna array in the 20.4 - 29.0 GHz frequency band is reduced from 26.7, 3.9, 4.6, 4.7, 3.9 and 27.1 to <3.2, <3, <3, <3, <3 and <3 respectively, and the maximum AVSWR is reduced by at least 23.5, 0.9, 1.6, 1.7, 0.9 and 24.1 respectively. In addition, after loading DAP, the operating bandwidth with AVSWR <3 is significantly broadened, further proving that loading DAP can reduce the AVSWR of the antenna array.

[0085] In this embodiment, after loading DAP, it will not only not deteriorate the beam scanning angle and beam gain of the LP antenna, but also improve the beam scanning angle and beam gain of the original antenna array to a certain extent. At the same time, it can greatly improve the scanning loss problem, with a simple structure and no need for complex co-design. Using PLA material also has the advantages of low cost, etc. This is because the coupling between antenna elements is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the AVSWR. The reason for the reduced coupling may be that electromagnetic waves will transmit and reflect in DAP. When the phase of a part of the reflected wave is opposite to the phase of the coupling wave between antenna elements, part of the coupling wave will be cancelled, thus reducing the coupling between antenna elements.

[0086] This embodiment proposes a new CP beam scanning scheme based on a dielectric anisotropic polarizer, which overcomes the problem that it is difficult to achieve wide-bandwidth and wide-angle CP scanning in traditional schemes and has the following advantages: First, a 1×8 linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array with wide bandwidth and wide angle is combined with a broadband DAP with angular stability, and wide-angle CP beam scanning of ±60° and above is achieved in the frequency range of 21.0 - 25.3 GHz (18.2%). Compared with the existing CP scanning schemes without additional phase compensation, the proposed scheme shows significant advantages in the working bandwidth. Second, by combining a dual LP antenna array and a DAP, dual CP radiation can be flexibly achieved by switching the polarization state of the dual LP antenna. Third, the DAP can reduce the coupling between antenna elements in the LP array, thereby improving the active standing wave ratio of the antenna array. In addition, the DAP can also increase the gain of the low-gain antenna array. Fourth, since the aperture size of the DAP unit does not affect the operating frequency and performance, the DAP can be flexibly matched with antenna arrays of different apertures and has good flexibility. Fifth, the DAP proposed in this embodiment uses PLA as the 3D printing material and has a very low cost. In addition, the LP beam scanning antenna array is also easy to implement at low cost. Therefore, the broadband wide-angle CP beam scanning scheme based on the DAP proposed in this embodiment is easy to implement at low cost, has significant low-cost characteristics, and is suitable for a wide range of commercial applications.

[0087] To verify the accuracy of the simulation results, a 1×8 LP antenna array prototype was fabricated using high-precision PCB technology, and a DAP prototype was fabricated using 3D printing technology based on a low-cost PLA material with a relative permittivity of 2.72 and a loss tangent of 0.008. Performance measurements were carried out in a microwave anechoic chamber. As Figure 24 shown in (a) of [], the measured normalized radiation patterns of each antenna element of the 1×8 LP antenna array loaded with the DAP at the frequencies of 21 GHz, 23 GHz, and 25.2 GHz under in-phase excitation are given. It can be observed that the radiation pattern of the 1×8 LP antenna array loaded with the DAP is RHCP. Figure 24 (b) of [] gives the measured AR. It can be observed that in the measured frequency band of 20.0 - 26.0 GHz, the AR is always lower than 3 dB, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. The above results prove that the proposed DAP converts the LP wave of the 1×8 LP antenna array into a CP wave and verifies the polarization conversion characteristics.

[0088] In terms of broadband, the CP beam scanning scheme proposed in this embodiment has a significantly wider bandwidth, and at the same time has a wider scanning angle. In terms of wide-angle CP scanning, the antenna array based on DAP proposed in this embodiment can achieve CP beam scanning of -60°-+60° and above in a broadband range of 21.0-25.2GHz (18.2%), and has an overwhelming advantage in bandwidth. In terms of polarization diversity, the scheme proposed in this embodiment can achieve dual CP radiation simply by switching the polarization state of the dual LP antenna. After removing the DAP, dual LP radiation can be achieved. The scheme proposed in this embodiment can also improve the AVSWR of the antenna array, and at the same time, it can also improve the gain of the antenna array. The scheme proposed in this embodiment can achieve broadband CP scanning without complex collaborative design, and can also flexibly adjust the size of the DAP to adapt to different antenna array calibers according to the different caliber sizes of different antenna arrays, and has strong flexibility. In terms of cost, the DAP based on PLA medium has a very low cost, and broadband CP scanning can be achieved using a simple LP antenna and DAP, so the cost of the antenna array is also low. Therefore, the system cost of realizing wide bandwidth angle CP scanning based on DAP has a significant low-cost characteristic.

[0089] In summary, the CP scanning strategy proposed in this embodiment overcomes the difficulties of existing antenna arrays in realizing wide-bandwidth angle CP scanning, and provides a new and promising solution for the realization of wide-bandwidth angle CP scanning antenna arrays. This solution also has many excellent characteristics such as low cost and polarization diversity, which will help promote the widespread low-cost application and development of CP beam scanning antenna arrays.

[0090] This embodiment proposes a new type of DAP-based antenna array for realizing CP beam scanning with wide bandwidth angle, which has both low cost and polarization diversity. First, the working principle of the DAP unit is deeply analyzed to prove that it can realize the conversion from LP to CP in a wide bandwidth range, and show excellent angle stability and the characteristics that the operating frequency is independent of the aperture size. Then, by integrating the dual LP antenna array and the wide-angle 1×8 LP beam scanning antenna array with the DAP, it is verified that the DAP-based antenna array can not only realize dual CP beam scanning, but also realize ±60° and above CP beam scanning in the 21.0-25.2GHz (18.2%) frequency band. In addition, the introduction of DAP not only improves the gain of the antenna array, but also weakens the coupling between antenna units, thereby reducing the active standing wave ratio of the antenna array. It also has the significant advantages of high flexibility and low cost, and is suitable for LP antenna arrays of various calibers and suitable for a wide range of commercial applications.

[0091] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data that have been authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with relevant regulations.

[0092] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as within the scope described in this specification.

[0093] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

Claims

1. A broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array, characterized in that, The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array includes: a broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array and a dielectric anisotropic polarizer; The dielectric anisotropic polarizer is used to convert the linearly polarized radiation beam emitted by the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array into a circularly polarized radiation beam; the dielectric anisotropic polarizer includes a dielectric base and a dielectric block, and the dielectric block is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric base; the dielectric block is composed of a plurality of dielectric plates arranged in parallel, and all the dielectric plates are perpendicular to the dielectric base, and there are gaps between adjacent two of the dielectric plates, and all the gaps are equal, and the projection line of the dielectric plate on the dielectric base forms a 45-degree angle with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized radiation beam; a groove is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric base, the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array is located in the groove, and the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array fits with the groove.

2. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of the dielectric block is designed according to a preset principle, and the preset principle is to enable the linearly polarized radiation beam to have a sufficient propagation path to complete the polarization conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization; The width of the dielectric block is 1.6λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of air at the center frequency, and the center frequency is the center frequency of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array; The calculation formula for the height of the dielectric block is: where h is the height of the dielectric block; εx is the equivalent dielectric constant parallel to the direction of the dielectric plate; εy is the equivalent dielectric constant perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric plate.

3. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric block has the same shape as the dielectric base.

4. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duty cycle of the dielectric block is 0.5 - 0.56, and the duty cycle is the ratio of the thickness of the dielectric plate to the distance between adjacent two of the dielectric plates, and the distance between adjacent two of the dielectric plates is equal to the sum of the thickness of the dielectric plate and the gap between adjacent two of the dielectric plates.

5. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that The dielectric anisotropic polarizer further includes a connecting frame, and the connecting frame is connected to each of the dielectric plates, and the connecting frame is used to fix the dielectric plates.

6. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 5, wherein The materials of the dielectric base, the dielectric block and the connecting frame are all dielectric materials with a dielectric constant less than a preset value.

7. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 3, wherein The groove is located at the center of the dielectric base.

8. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array includes a plurality of broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna units arranged in an array, and each broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna unit includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate stacked in sequence from top to bottom; On the upper surface of the first substrate, a first metal radiation patch and a second metal radiation patch are provided. Inside the first substrate, a first metal hole and a second metal hole are formed. The lower surface of the first substrate is a metal surface, and a coupling groove is formed on the metal surface. The first metal radiation patch is connected to the first metal hole, and the second metal radiation patch is connected to the second metal hole. The first metal radiation patch and the first metal hole are located on a first side of the coupling groove, and the second metal radiation patch and the second metal hole are located on a second side of the coupling groove. The first side and the second side are opposite sides; On the lower surface of the third substrate, a feeder is provided, and the feeder is located directly below the coupling groove.

9. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 8, wherein The broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna array further includes a feeder lead-out board, and the feeder lead-out board is respectively connected to each of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna units, and the feeder extends outward through the feeder lead-out board.

10. The broadband wide-angle circularly polarized beam scanning antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number of the broadband wide-angle linearly polarized beam scanning antenna units is eight.

Images