User equipment and object associated beam management

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a network node, at least one of a sensing signal or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) for an object associated with the UE. The UE may send an indication of a disconnection association with the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS. The UE may measure a strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS. The UE may measure at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a relative RSRP fallback associated with at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS. The UE may send the indication of disconnection of association in response to the measured strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a signal strength threshold.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 069,184, filed on December 20, 2022, entitled "USER EQUIPMENT TO OBJECT ASSOCIATION BEAM MANAGEMENT", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to communication systems and, more particularly, to a beam management system for a user equipment (UE). Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ a multiple access technology capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time - Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, or even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Additionally, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. It neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device may include a user equipment (UE). The device may receive at least one of a sensing signal or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) for an object associated with the UE from a network node. The device may send an indication of disassociation from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device may include a network node. The device may send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with a UE. The device may receive a reflection of the sensing signal. The device may calculate the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. The device may communicate with the UE based on the calculated location.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects may include the features described in detail hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL) channel within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL) channel within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3Is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 Is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0017] Figure 5 Is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing based on measurements of sensing signals reflected from a target object according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system having multiple wireless devices, multiple objects, and multiple regions of interest according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 7 Is a communication flow diagram illustrating an example of a UE and a network node configured to perform beam management (BM) by utilizing a UE-object association between a UE and an object according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0021] Figure 9 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0022] Figure 10 Is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0023] Figure 11 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.

[0024] Figure 12 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[0025] Figure 13 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. Detailed Description

[0026] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. For the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. However, the concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0027] Various aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0028] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, processes, functions, or any combination thereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms.

[0029] Thus, in one or more example aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. A computer-readable medium includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. For example, such computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium capable of storing computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0030] While aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases are described by way of some examples in this application, additional or different aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may be implemented via integrated chips and other non-module component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically targeted at use cases or applications, the examples described may have broad applicability. Aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level embodiments, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated components, or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0031] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0032] A centralized base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A split base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed among one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0033] Base station operation or network design may consider the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, a split base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Splitting may include distributing functions across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a split base station or a split RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0034] Figure 1 FIG. 100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a split base station architecture. The split base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more split base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a respective midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a respective fronthaul link. The RU 140 may communicate with a respective UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0035] Each unit (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces that are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0036] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as the E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0037] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high Physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation, etc.) at least partially according to a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0038] The lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 can correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, at least in part based on function splitting (such as lower layer function splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane and user plane communication with the RU 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0039] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment and orchestration of RANs for non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125. In some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0040] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logic functions that can implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via the A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logic functions that can implement near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0041] In some specific implementations, to generate the AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0042] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Thus, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides an access point to core network 120 for UE 104. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB) that may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation with a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0043] Some UEs 104 may use a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158 to communicate with each other. D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0044] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, e.g., in an unlicensed spectrum such as the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0045] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although it is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band.

[0046] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating frequency bands for these mid-band frequencies as Frequency Range Designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0047] Considering the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as “sub-6 GHz” are used herein, they may broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as “millimeter wave” are used herein, they may broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0048] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit the beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more reception directions. The UE 104 may also transmit the beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more reception directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception direction and transmission direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmission direction and reception direction of the base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmission direction and reception direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0049] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission and reception point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or may be implemented as a disaggregated base station including one or more of the CU, DU, and / or RU. A set of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0050] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, in general, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / locationing servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more location methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Locating the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, location estimation, and optional speed calculations based on these measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The measured signals may be based on a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or one or more of other satellite positioning / location systems), an LTE signal, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors).

[0051] Examples of the UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in the UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cellular phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually.

[0052] Referring again to Figure 1 , in some aspects, the UE 104 may have a UE-object association monitoring component 198, which may be configured to receive, from a network node, at least one of a sensing signal or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) for an object associated with the UE. The UE-object association monitoring component 198 may be configured to send an indication of a disconnection from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS. In some aspects, the base station 102 may have a UE-object association beam management (BM) component 199, which may be configured to send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with the UE. The UE-object association BM component 199 may be configured to receive a reflection of the sensing signal. The UE-object association BM component 199 may be configured to calculate the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. The UE-object association BM component 199 may be configured to communicate with the UE based on the calculated location. Although the following description may focus on the association between the UE and a target object that can be sensed using a wireless device, the concepts described herein may apply to any wireless device that can be associated with a target object, such as a network node or a roadside unit (RSU). Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar domains, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0053] Figure 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2BFIG. 230 is an illustration of an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG. 250 is an illustration of an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG. 280 is an illustration of an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be frequency division duplexing (FDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL), or can be time division duplexing (TDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL). In Figure 2A 、 Figure 2C the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (where most are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly usable between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (where all are UL). Although subframes 3, 4 are shown as having slot formats 1, 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any one of the various available slot formats 0 - 61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL respectively. The other slot formats 2 - 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (configured dynamically via downlink control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0054] Figures 2A to 2D An example of a frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. One frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more slots. A subframe can also include mini-slots, which can include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot can include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot can include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot can include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL can be cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0055]

[0056] Table 1: Parameter Sets, SCS, and CP

[0057] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for a normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 µ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to , where is for parameter sets 0 to 4. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided of a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0058] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also known as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0059] As Figure 2A illustrates, some of the REs in the RE carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for the UE. The RS can include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (designated as R for one specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS can also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0060] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), where each CCE includes six Resource Element Groups (REGs), and each REG includes 12 consecutive Resource Elements (REs) in the OFDM symbols of a Resource Block (RB). The PDCCH within a Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring occasion on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) can be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) can be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0061] As Figure 2C illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (denoted as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can send DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be sent in the previous or the previous two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is being sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be sent with different configurations. The UE can send a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0062] Figure 2DIllustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH can be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and can additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0063] Figure 3 Is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a media access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with the broadcast of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0064] The transmit (Tx) processor 316 and the receive (Rx) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The Tx processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). The encoded and modulated symbols are then split into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream may be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with reference signals (e.g., pilots) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is precoded in space to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier using the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0065] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (Rx) processor 356. The Tx processor 368 and the Rx processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The Rx processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the Rx processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The Rx processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signals are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. Subsequently, the soft decisions are decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0066] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0067] Similar to the functions described in connection with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0068] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from reference signals or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the Tx processor 368 to select appropriate decoding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the Tx processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via a separate transmitter 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0069] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the Rx processor 370.

[0070] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0071] At least one of Tx processor 368, Rx processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 UE-object association component 198.

[0072] At least one of Tx processor 316, Rx processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 UE-object association BM component 199.

[0073] Figure 4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements. UE 404 may transmit UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_Tx and receive a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 at time T PRS_Rx . TRP 406 may receive UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_Rx and transmit DL-PRS 410 at time T PRS_Tx . UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||T SRS_Rx – T PRS_Tx | – |T SRS_Tx – T PRS_Rx ||. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by UE 404 (i.e., |T SRS_Tx – T PRS_Rx |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), as well as measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406 (i.e., |T SRS_Rx – T PRS_Tx|) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal), and TRP 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and the UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal). These measurements can be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of UE 404. Other methods for determining the RTT are possible, such as using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0074] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of the downlink signals received at UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal, and the resulting measurement, together with the azimuth of departure (A-AoD), zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, is used to position UE 404 relative to the adjacent TRPs 402, 406.

[0075] DL-TDOA positioning can utilize the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the downlink signals received at UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL RSTD (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signal, and the resulting measurement, together with other configuration information, is used to position UE 404 relative to the adjacent TRPs 402, 406.

[0076] UL-TDOA positioning can utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. TRP 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UL-RTOA (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signal, and the resulting measurement, together with other configuration information, is used to estimate the location of UE 404.

[0077] UL-AoA positioning can utilize the measured azimuth of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of the uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. TRP 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signal, and the resulting measurement, together with other configuration information, is used to estimate the location of UE 404.

[0078] Additional positioning methods can be used to estimate the location of UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques can be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or substitute / provide missing information.

[0079] Figure 5FIG. 500 is an illustration showing examples of sensing based on measurements of sensed signals. In one aspect, a wireless device 502 may perform single - station sensing, where the wireless device 502 may send a set of sensing signals 512 at a target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of sensing signals 512 as a set of reflected sensing signals 516 at the wireless device 502, and the wireless device 502 may measure the set of reflected sensing signals 516 from the target object 503. In another aspect, the wireless device 502 and the wireless device 504 may perform bistatic sensing, where the wireless device 502 may send a set of sensing signals 512 at a target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of sensing signals 512 as a set of reflected sensing signals 514 at the wireless device 504, and the wireless device 504 may measure the set of reflected sensing signals 514 from the target object 503. In another aspect, the wireless device 502 and the wireless device 506 may perform multistatic sensing, where in addition to the wireless device 502 using single - station sensing to measure the set of reflected sensing signals 516 from the target object 503, the wireless device 506 may send a set of sensing signals 518 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of sensing signals 518 as a set of reflected sensing signals 520 at the wireless device 502, and the wireless device 502 may measure the set of reflected sensing signals 520 from the target object 503. In another aspect, the wireless device 502, the wireless device 504, and the wireless device 508 may perform multistatic sensing, where in addition to the wireless device 504 using bistatic sensing to measure the set of reflected sensing signals 514 from the target object 503, the wireless device 508 may send a set of sensing signals 522 at the target object 503, the target object 503 may reflect the set of sensing signals 522 as a set of reflected sensing signals 524 at the wireless device 504, and the wireless device 504 may measure the set of reflected sensing signals 524 from the target object 503. Each wireless device may be any wireless device configured to send or receive wireless signals, such as a UE, a network node, a TRP, or a base station. For example, the wireless device 502 may be a network node configured to send a set of sensing signals 512 at a target object 503 and measure the set of reflected sensing signals 516 from the target object 503. In another example, the wireless device 502 may be a network node configured to send a set of sensing signals 512 at a target object 503, and the wireless device 504 may be a UE configured to measure the set of reflected sensing signals 514 from the target object 503.

[0080] Wireless device 502 may perform one or more sensing measurements on reflected sensing signal set 516 and / or reflected sensing signal set 520. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the distance or range between wireless device 502 and target object 503 based on the round-trip time (RTT) between when wireless device 502 transmits sensing signal set 512 and when wireless device 502 receives reflected sensing signal set 516. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the distance or range that sensing signal set 518 and reflected sensing signal set 520 travel based on the time between when wireless device 506 transmits sensing signal set 518 and when wireless device 502 receives reflected sensing signal set 520. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the position of target object 503 based on multiple range or distance measurements, such as via triangulation using the known positioning of wireless devices 502 and 506 and the calculated range or distance measurements. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the speed of target object 503 based on: the first calculated position of target object 503 based on reflected sensing signal set 516 and / or reflected sensing signal set 520 measured at a first time, and the second calculated position of target object 503 based on reflected sensing signal set 516 and / or reflected sensing signal set 520 measured at a second time. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the AoA of reflected sensing signal set 516 and / or the AoD of sensing signal set 512 based on the multiple ports that transmit sensing signal set 512 and the multiple ports that receive reflected sensing signal set 516. In one aspect, wireless device 502 may calculate the AoA of reflected sensing signal set 520 and / or the AoD of sensing signal set 518 based on the multiple ports that transmit sensing signal set 518 and the multiple ports that receive reflected sensing signal set 520.

[0081] Similarly, the wireless device 504 may perform one or more sensing measurements on the reflected sensing signal set 514 and / or the reflected sensing signal set 524. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the distance or range traveled by the sensing signal set 512 and the reflected sensing signal set 514 based on the time between when the wireless device 502 transmits the sensing signal set 512 and when the wireless device 504 receives the reflected sensing signal set 514. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the distance or range traveled by the sensing signal set 522 and the reflected sensing signal set 524 based on the time between when the wireless device 508 transmits the sensing signal set 522 and when the wireless device 504 receives the reflected sensing signal set 524. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the position of the target object 503 based on multiple range or distance measurements, such as via triangulation using the known positions of the wireless devices 502, 504, and 508 and the calculated range or distance measurements. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the speed of the target object 503 based on: the first calculated position of the target object 503 based on the reflected sensing signal set 514 and / or the reflected sensing signal set 524 measured at a first time, and the second calculated position of the target object 503 based on the reflected sensing signal set 514 and / or the reflected sensing signal set 524 measured at a second time. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the AoA of the reflected sensing signal set 514 and / or the AoD of the sensing signal set 512 based on the multiple ports that transmit the sensing signal set 512 and the multiple ports that receive the reflected sensing signal set 514. In one aspect, the wireless device 504 may calculate the AoA of the reflected sensing signal set 524 and / or the AoD of the sensing signal set 522 based on the multiple ports that transmit the sensing signal set 522 and the multiple ports that receive the reflected sensing signal set 524. To perform Doppler estimation or speed estimation of a target object (such as the target object 503 in Figure 5 or a UE (such as the UE 104 in Figure 1 ), the receiving wireless node may be configured to measure the reflected sensing signal set at multiple time points.

[0082] In some aspects, a wireless device may use the measured sensing signals to generate a localization profile of a target object 503. The localization profile may include multiple attributes related to the localization of the target object 503, such as the position of the target object, the size of the target object, the shape of the target object, the orientation of the target object, the velocity of the target object, the speed of the target object, the acceleration of the target object, the Doppler effect of the target object, the gait of the target object, the routine of the target object, the gesture of the target object, the pose of the target object, the micro-Doppler profile of the target object, or the radar cross section (RCS) of the target object. The wireless device may also measure non-RF wireless signals, such as a temperature signal using a temperature sensor, an audio signal using an audio sensor or a microphone, or a light signal using a light sensor or a camera. The gait of the target object may be determined by measuring a periodic sequence of foot movements made by an animal target object a minimum threshold number of times. The routine of the target object may be determined by measuring a periodic sequence of movements made by a dynamic target object a minimum threshold number of times. The gesture of the target object may be determined by measuring the movement of the dynamic target object and comparing the movement with a known gesture library. Such a gesture library may include human activities, such as keystrokes on a surface or sign language gestures. The micro-Doppler profile of the target object may include a respiration rate based on the expansion and contraction of the chest of a human target object, a heart rate based on an audio signal from the heart of a human target object, or a rotation rate based on the speed of the fan blades of a mobile target object.

[0083] A network node or UE configured to perform measurements on a set of reflected sensing signals may be configured to send a sensing signal report to a sensing server (e.g., LMF), which coordinates multiple wireless nodes to perform sensing on the target object. Performing sensing on a target object (such as target object 503) may be regarded as a consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, such as sensing both the localization and temperature of the target object. Configuring network nodes to sense such attributes of the target object may be used for contactless or even device-free interaction with a device or system. The network node may use one or more RF signals as sensing signals, allowing the wireless system to perform both communication and sensing through the same signals. For example, in a 3GPP NR wireless system, the network node may use millimeter wave (mmWave) RF signals in the frequency range specifications of FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR2x (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), or FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz) to perform accurate range or distance detection of the target object.

[0084] In some aspects, a network node may be configured to detect and monitor an association or relationship between a UE and an object that can be sensed by a wireless device. For example, a human object may hold the UE or wear a container (such as clothing or a bag) that contains the UE. A human may carry a smart phone UE, a wearable smart watch UE, a wearable head-mounted display (HMD) UE, or a wearable backpack or briefcase that contains a laptop computer UE. In another example, a vehicle object may have a UE mounted on the surface of the vehicle. The vehicle may be a car, a drone, or an automated guided vehicle (AVG). The vehicle may have an infotainment system UE or an electronic control unit (ECU) UE mounted in the vehicle.

[0085] When the object is associated with the UE, the network node may sense the object and the object may act as a proxy for the UE, or the network node may communicate with the UE and the UE may act as a proxy for the target object. This allows the network node to track and manage both the UE and the object either by communicating with the UE without sensing the object, or by sensing the object without communicating with the UE, thereby reducing overhead. The network node may be configured to make such an association permanent or temporary. The network node may use one or more sensing schemes to sense one or more attributes of the object.

[0086] In some aspects, a network node may detect the radar cross section (RCS) of an object, the micro-Doppler profile of the object, the location of the object, or the temperature of the object. Such attributes may then be associated with a UE associated with the object. In one aspect, the network node may perform sensing on the object to assist in beam management (BM) for the associated UE, or to assist in maximum permissible exposure (MPE) detection and / or mitigation for the associated UE. In some aspects, the network node may perform positioning with the UE (e.g., LTE positioning or NR positioning), may perform sensing on the UE (e.g., if the UE is made of a material that reflects the sensing signal better than the object), or may communicate more with the UE (e.g., receive reports from the UE's magnetometer or accelerometer) to determine the attributes of the UE. Such attributes may then be associated with the object associated with the UE. In some aspects, a set of UEs may be associated with a set of objects, and the network node may communicate with one of the UEs or may sense one of the object / UEs to track the entire aggregated set of devices (UEs and objects). In some aspects, the network node may track a lost object or a lost UE by determining when the association between the UE and the object is broken (e.g., the UE and the object are separated by a minimum threshold distance). In some aspects, UE-object association may be used to enhance public safety by using a system that tracks fewer UEs and / or objects in the area of interest. In some aspects, UE-object association may be used to track the health of an object (e.g., an elderly patient wearing or holding a UE), and send an alert to the UE if the monitored vital signs enter a dangerous threshold range, or trigger communication between the UE and an emergency device if the monitored vital signs enter a dangerous threshold range.

[0087] The wireless device may be configured to send a request that associates a potential associated user equipment (PAUE) with an object associated with an area of interest. The network node may receive the request and send queries to a set of network nodes and a set of PAUEs to determine the capabilities of the set of network nodes and the set of PAUEs, respectively. The network node may then select a subset of the set of network nodes and a subset of the set of PAUEs as potential devices that can be used to create an association between the UE and the object. The network node may select the subsets based on the capabilities of the network nodes and the PAUEs (e.g., the ability of the network node to sense an object within the area of interest, the ability of the PAUE to maintain an association with the object). The network node may be configured to send a set of data collection schedules to the subset of network nodes and the subset of PAUEs to obtain a first set of attributes associated with the UE and a second set of attributes associated with the object associated with the area of interest. The subset of PAUEs may include the UE. The network node may receive the first set of attributes and the second set of attributes from the subset of network nodes and the subset of UEs based on the set of data collection schedules. The network node may send the association between the UE and the object based on the first set of attributes and the second set of attributes. The wireless device may receive the association between the UE and the object associated with the area of interest based on the request.

[0088] Figure 6FIG. 600 is an illustration of an example of a wireless communication system having a region of interest 610, a region of interest 630, and a region of interest 650. Each of the regions of interest may be associated with a set of network nodes and a set of UEs. For example, the region of interest 610 may be associated with RSU 602, TRP 604, UEs 612, and UEs 614. The region of interest 630 may be associated with TRP 604, TRP 606, UEs 636, UEs 632, and UEs 634. The region of interest 650 may be associated with TRP 606, UEs 652, and UEs 654. The associated network nodes and / or the associated UEs may be considered wireless devices configured to sense an object within the region of interest 610 using single-site sensing or bistatic sensing. For example, each of RSU 602, TRP 604, UEs 612, and / or UEs 614 may be configured to sense one or both of object 622 or object 624 within the region of interest 610. Each of TRP604, TRP 606, UEs 636, UEs 632, and UEs 634 may be configured to sense one or both of object 642 or object 644 within the region of interest 630. Each of TRP 606, UEs 652, and UEs 654 may be configured to sense one or each of object 662, object 664, object 666, or object 668 within the region of interest 650. The wireless devices may use single-site sensing to send a sensing signal to the object and measure the reflected sensing signal from the object, or may cooperate with each other to send a sensing signal to the object, which may then be measured by another wireless device to measure the reflected sensing signal from the object. The wireless devices may indicate what type of sensors the sensing wireless devices may use to collect data from the target object, such as an RF antenna, a LIDAR sensor, a SONAR sensor, a vision camera, a thermal camera, or an audio microphone. A wireless device located closer to the object may be configured to measure the properties of the object with higher accuracy compared to a wireless device located farther away from the object. For example, UE 612 may be configured to generate a micro-Doppler profile of object 622 (e.g., measure a person's heartbeat or measure a person's breathing rate), while RSU 602 may not be able to measure such properties of object 622 with such high accuracy because UE 612 is physically closer to object 622. In another example, RSU 602 may be configured to detect a gesture or gait of object 622 (e.g., determine whether object 622 is waving or kicking, or determine whether object 622 is bouncing or jumping), but TRP 604 may not be able to measure such properties of object 622 with such high accuracy because RSU 602 is physically closer to object 622 than TRP 604.In some aspects, a wireless device or network node may be configured to calculate the accuracy of the wireless device based on at least one of its distance from an object, the strength of a sensor that receives a reflected sensing signal, or the strength of a sensing signal transmitted to the object.

[0089] In addition to performing sensing, a UE in an area of interest may be configured to report attributes associated with the UE. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to report beam and channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) measurements, radio resource management (RRM) measurements, or sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission measurements. Such measurements may be used to indicate which UEs have the strongest or most reliable beam connections to a network node, and the beam directions for positioning measurements. In another aspect, the UE may be configured to report positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements, SRS positioning measurements, or measurements using other sensors (e.g., barometers, GNSS devices, inertial measurement units (IMUs)). Such measurements may be used to indicate the location of the UE, and / or the movement information of the UE.

[0090] A network node may be able to construct an association between a UE and an object based on attributes associated with the object collected by using sensing and based on attributes associated with the UE collected by communicating with the UE or by using sensing. For example, the network node may associate UE 612 with object 622 by determining that the location of UE 612 is within a threshold distance of object 622, and / or by determining that the shape profile of object 622 indicates that object 622 is holding UE 612. In another example, the network node may associate UE 614 with object 626 by determining that object 626 has a shape profile indicating that UE 614 is mounted on object 626. In another example, the network node may associate both UE 632 and UE 634 with object 642 by determining that both UE 632 and UE 634 are within a threshold distance of object 642. In another example, the network node may associate UE 652 with objects 662, 664, and 666 by determining that UE 652 is within a threshold distance of objects 662, 664, and 666 for a certain period of time while objects 652, 662, 664, and 666 are moving. On the other hand, if there is no UE within a threshold distance of object 624, the network node may not associate object 624 with a UE. When the network node associates a set of UEs with a set of objects, the network node may use the attributes of one of the associated UEs or objects to derive the attributes of other associated UEs or objects. For example, if the network node associates object 642 with UE 632 and UE 634, the network node may perform a location of UE 632 to derive the locations of object 642 and UE 634, or may perform sensing on object 642 to derive the locations of UE 632 and UE 634. Similarly, if the network node associates UE 652 with objects (objects 662, 664, and 666), the network node may perform sensing on object 664 to derive the locations of UE 652, objects 662, and 666, or may perform a location of UE 652 to derive the locations of objects 662, 664, and 666. Thus, the network node may be able to track the location or movement of a UE by tracking the location of an object and vice versa, and may be able to track the location or movement of multiple UEs and / or multiple objects by tracking the location or movement of a single UE or a single object.

[0091] Figure 7 FIG. 700 is a communication flow diagram illustrating an example of UE 702 and network node 704 configured to perform BM by leveraging a UE-object association between UE 702 and object 706.

[0092] The network node 704 may send CSI-RS 708 to the UE 702. The UE 702 may receive CSI-RS 708 from the UE 702. The network node 704 may periodically send CSI-RS 708 to the UE 702 according to a period (e.g., every 100 ms or per second). At 710, the UE 702 may measure the CSI-RS 708 to construct a CSI-RS report 712. The CSI-RS report 712 may include, for example, an optimal beam pair based on RSRP measurement. The UE 702 may send the CSI-RS report 712 to the network node 704. The network node 704 may receive the CSI-RS report 712.

[0093] At 714, the network node 704 may perform BM based on the CSI-RS report 712. For example, the network node 704 may select a set of beams to communicate with the UE 702 based on the CSI-RS report 712. The network node 704 and the UE 702 may then communicate with each other using the transmission set 716. The network node 704 may be configured to periodically send CSI-RS 708 to the UE 702, thus repeating the process periodically to maintain its connection with the UE 702. This periodic update may consume power and spectrum resources by the network node 704 sending CSI-RS 708 to the UE 702 and the UE 702 sending the CSI-RS report 712 to the network node 704. In some aspects, the UE 702 may send other transmissions to the network node 704 for BM. For example, the UE 702 may send a sounding reference signal (SRS) to the network node 704. At 714, the network node 704 may use the SRS received from the UE 702 to perform BM. Similarly, the periodic sending of SRS from the UE 702 to the network node 704 may consume power and spectrum resources.

[0094] To reduce the amount of power and spectral resources used by the UE 702 and the network node 704 to perform BM at 714, the UE 702 and the network node 704 may utilize UE-object association. At 718, the network node 704 may obtain the UE-object association between the UE 702 and the object 706. The network node 704 may obtain the UE-object association in a variety of ways. In one aspect, the network node 704 may receive the UE-object association from another network node (such as an LMF or a sensing server that associates a set of UEs with a set of objects). In another aspect, the network node 704 may perform single-site beam sensing to determine the location of the object 706, and may communicate with the UE 702 or sense the UE 702 to determine the location of the UE 702, and may associate the UE 702 with the object 706 based on the retrieved location of the object 706 and the location of the UE 702. In another aspect, the network node 704 may perform two-site beam sensing with another wireless device to determine the location of the object 706, and may communicate with the UE 702 or sense the UE 702 to determine the location of the UE 702, and may associate the UE 702 with the object 706 based on the retrieved location of the object 706 and the location of the UE 702.

[0095] After the network node 704 obtains the UE-object association between the UE 702 and the object 706 at 718, the network node 704 may perform BM autonomously without assistance from the UE 702. Instead of making BM based on the communication beam from the UE 702 (e.g., based on the measurement report from the UE 702 or the RS transmission from the UE 702), the network node 704 may use the object 706 as a proxy for the UE 702 via sensing. The network node 704 may perform sensing with the object 706 to determine the location of the object (e.g., the position of the object relative to the network node 704, the direction of the object relative to the antenna of the network node 704) and perform BM based on the determined location or direction. In some aspects, the network node 704 may perform BM only based on sensing the location or direction of the object 706. In some aspects, the network node 704 may use sensing and use the CSI-RS from the UE 702 to perform BM.

[0096] At 720, network node 704 may configure the CSI-RS regarding UE 702 to have different periodicities. Relative to the CSI-RS 734 sent to UE 702 when network node 704 does not perform sensing on object 706, network node 704 may increase the periodicity of the CSI-RS 708 sent to UE 702 when network node 704 performs sensing in order to reduce the overhead when network node 704 uses sensing to improve its BM. Network node 704 may create a CSI-RS configuration 722 that is updated with a higher periodicity. Network node 704 may send the CSI-RS configuration 722 to UE 702. In some aspects, network node 704 may configure the CSI-RS based on other information associated with UE 702, such as the speed of UE 702, the location of UE 702, the projected path of UE 702 placed in a non-line-of-sight (non-LOS) location (e.g., an obstacle blocking the transmission of interference is between UE 702 and network node 704), or the distance of UE 702 from the non-LOS location. UE 702 may receive the CSI-RS configuration 722 from network node 704.

[0097] Regardless of whether network node 704 updates the CSI-RS configuration, network node 704 may send a sensing signal 724 at object 706. Object 706 may reflect the sensing signal 724 to network node 704 as a reflected sensing signal 726. At 728, network node 704 may perform sensing on the reflected sensing signal 726. In some aspects, network node 704 may perform bistatic sensing, where another wireless device sends a sensing signal that is reflected by object 706 to network node 704 as a reflected sensing signal 726, or where object 706 reflects the sensing signal 724 to another wireless device that performs sensing measurements that are reported to network node 704 to determine the location or orientation of object 706 relative to network node 704. In some aspects, in addition to or instead of an RF sensor, network node 704 may use other sensors to track the location of object 706, such as a camera or a microphone. Network node 704 may calculate the angle of arrival (AoA) of the reflected sensing signal 726 at network node 704 or the angle of departure (AoD) of the reflected sensing signal 726 at object 706.

[0098] At 730, network node 704 may perform BM based on the sensing measurements. The beam direction of the reflected sensing signal 726 can be used to track both the object 706 and the UE 702, since the object 706 can be considered as a proxy for the UE 702. The network node 704 and the UE 702 can then communicate with each other using the transmission set 732. The network node 704 can be configured to periodically send the sensing signal 724 to the object 706, thus repeating the process periodically in order to maintain its connection with the UE 702. Such periodic updates can consume less power and spectrum resources by the network node 704 compared to when the network node 704 periodically sends the CSI-RS 708.

[0099] The network node 704 may send the CSI-RS 734 at the UE 702 based on the CSI-RS configuration 722. The UE 702 may receive the CSI-RS 734 from the network node 704 based on the CSI-RS configuration 722. The CSI-RS 734 may be sent with a higher periodicity relative to the CSI-RS 708. At 736, the UE 702 may monitor the link quality between the UE 702 and the network node 704 by measuring one of the sensing signal 724 sent by the network node 704, the transmission set 732 from the network node 704, or the CSI-RS 734 from the network node 704. If one of the signals weakens over time, the UE 702 may determine that the UE-object association link between the UE 702 and the object 706 has been disconnected. In other words, the network node 704 may be tracking the location of the object 706, but the UE 702 may no longer be in the vicinity of the object 706, which reduces the efficacy of the BM performed at 730 based on the location of the object 706.

[0100] UE 702 may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association to network node 704. Network node 704 may receive the indication 738 of disconnecting the association from UE 702. UE 702 may send the indication 738 of disconnecting the association based on one or more measurements performed at 736. For example, UE 702 may send the indication 738 of disconnecting the association based on the measured signal being equal to or less than a threshold RSRP value or a threshold relative RSRP fallback. UE 702 may calculate the threshold RSRP value or the threshold relative RSRP fallback based on historical measurements, or may receive the threshold RSRP value or the threshold relative RSRP fallback from network node 704 in a message such as CSI-RS configuration 722. UE 702 may have different thresholds for different measurements. For example, UE 702 may have a first threshold for measurements of sensing signal 724, a second threshold for measurements of transmission set 732, and a third threshold for measurements of CSI-RS 734. In response to UE 702 determining that the monitored link quality is equal to or lower than the threshold, UE 702 may send the indication 738 of disconnecting the association to network node 704. The indication 738 of disconnecting the association may be sent to network node 704 in various ways, such as an uplink control information (UCI) message including the indication 738 of disconnecting the association, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a random access channel (RACH) message, or a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). In some aspects, the indication 738 of disconnecting the association may include a request for network node 704 to perform fallback BM and / or a request for reconfiguring the UE-object association. In response, network node 704 may re-establish the UE-object association with UE 702 at 718, or may perform BM using CSI-RS 708.

[0101] Although the communication flow diagram 700 shows one UE, one network node, and one object (UE 702, network node 704, and object 706, respectively) configured to perform beam management between the network node and the UE using object-UE association, any number of UEs, network nodes, and objects can be used. For example, UE 702 can be associated with multiple objects, and at least one of the objects can be tracked by network node 704 to perform BM on UE 702. If the association between UE 702 and one of the objects is disconnected, UE 702 can send an indication 738 of the disconnected association to network node 704, and network node 704 can continue to use other objects associated with UE 702 to perform BM on UE 702. Similarly, object 706 can be associated with multiple UEs. If the association between object 706 and one of the UEs is disconnected, that one UE can send an indication of the disconnected association to its serving network node, but that network node or other network nodes can use the UE-object association of other UEs associated with object 706 to continue to perform BM on other UEs. On the other hand, UE 702 can change from one serving cell to another serving cell, and if UE 702 changes from a first area with network node 704 to another serving cell of another network node, the other network node can use the UE-object association between UE 702 and object 706 to perform BM regarding UE 702. Network nodes can communicate with each other via a backhaul or midhaul link to perform handovers.

[0102] Figure 8 is a flowchart 800 of a method of wireless communication. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE404, UE 612, UE 614, UE 632, UE 634, UE 636, UE 652, UE 654, UE 702; wireless device 502, wireless device 504, wireless device 506, wireless device 508; apparatus 1104). At 802, the UE can receive at least one of a sensing signal or CSI-RS for an object associated with the UE from a network node. For example, 802 can be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 in, which can receive sensing signal 724 for object 706 associated with UE 702 from network node 704 and / or receive CSI-RS 708 from network node 704. Additionally, 802 can be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 components 198 in.

[0103] At 804, the UE can send an indication of a disconnected association with the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. For example, 804 can be performed by Figure 7is performed by the UE 702 therein, and the UE may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association with the object 706 based on the sensed signal 724 or CSI-RS 734. In addition, 804 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 among the components 198.

[0104] Figure 9 is a flowchart 900 of a method for wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE404, UE 612, UE 614, UE 632, UE 634, UE 636, UE 652, UE 654, UE 702; wireless device 502, wireless device 504, wireless device 506, wireless device 508; apparatus 1104). At 901, the UE may receive a signal strength threshold from a network node. For example, 901 may be performed by Figure 7 the UE 702 therein, and the UE may receive the signal strength threshold from the network node 704 in the CSI-RS configuration 722. In addition, 901 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 among the components 198.

[0105] At 902, the UE may receive at least one of a sensed signal or CSI-RS for an object associated with the UE from a network node. For example, 902 may be performed by Figure 7 the UE 702 therein, and the UE may receive the sensed signal 724 for the object 706 associated with the UE 702 from the network node 704 and / or receive the CSI-RS 708 from the network node 704. In addition, 902 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 among the components 198.

[0106] At 904, the UE may measure the strength of at least one of the sensed signal or CSI-RS. For example, 904 may be performed by Figure 7 the UE 702 therein, and the UE may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association with the object 706 based on the sensed signal 724 or CSI-RS 734. In addition, 904 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 among the components 198.

[0107] At 906, the UE may send an indication of disconnecting the association in response to the strength of at least one of the sensed signal or CSI-RS being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. For example, 906 may be performed by Figure 7is performed by UE 702 therein, and the UE may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association between UE 702 and object 706 in response to the intensity of at least one of the measured sensing signal 724 or CSI-RS 734 being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. In addition, 906 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 the component 198 therein.

[0108] At 908, the UE may measure at least one of the RSRP or the relative RSRP offset associated with at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. For example, 908 may be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 therein, and the UE may measure at least one of the RSRP or the relative RSRP offset associated with at least one of the sensing signal 724 or CSI-RS 734. In addition, 908 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 the component 198 therein.

[0109] At 910, the UE may send an indication of disconnecting the association in response to the RSRP or the relative RSRP offset of at least one of the measured sensing signal or CSI-RS being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. For example, 910 may be performed by Figure 7 UE702 therein, and the UE may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association between UE 702 and object 706 in response to the RSRP or the relative RSRP offset of at least one of the measured sensing signal 724 or CSI-RS 734 being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. In addition, 910 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 the component 198 therein.

[0110] At 912, the UE may measure the intensity of the sensing signal. For example, 912 may be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 therein, and the UE may measure the intensity of the sensing signal 724 at 736. In addition, 912 may be performed by Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 the component 198 therein.

[0111] At 914, the UE may send an indication of disconnecting the association in response to the intensity of the measured sensing signal being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. For example, 914 may be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 therein, and the UE may send an indication 738 of disconnecting the association between UE 702 and object 706 in response to the intensity of the measured sensing signal 724 being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. In addition, 914 may be performed by Figure 1 ,Figure 3 or Figure 11 performed by component 198 in

[0112] At 916, the UE may measure the strength of the CSI-RS. For example, 916 may be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 performed by component 198 in

[0113] At 918, the UE may send an indication of disconnecting the association in response to the measured strength of the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a second signal strength threshold. For example, 918 may be performed by Figure 7 UE 702 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 11 performed by component 198 in

[0114] Figure 10 is a flowchart 1000 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; TRP 402, TRP 406, TRP 604, TRP 606; wireless device 502, wireless device 504, wireless device 506, wireless device 508; RSU; network node 704; network entity 1102, network entity 1202, network entity 1360). At 1002, the network node may send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with the UE. For example, 1002 may be performed by Figure 7 network node 704 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 or Figure 13 performed by component 199 in

[0115] At 1004, the network node may receive a reflection of the sensing signal. For example, 1004 may be performed by Figure 7 network node 704 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 orFigure 13 The component 199 in

[0116] At 1006, the network node can calculate the position of the object based on the reflection of the received sensing signal. For example, 1006 can be executed by Figure 7 the network node 704 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 or Figure 13 the component 199 in

[0117] At 1008, the network node can communicate with the UE based on the calculated position. For example, 1008 can be executed by Figure 7 the network node 704 in Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 or Figure 13 the component 199 in

[0118] Figure 11FIG. 1100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1104. Apparatus 1104 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1104 may include a cellular baseband processor 1124 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1122 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1124 may include on-chip memory 1124'. In some aspects, apparatus 1104 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1120 and an application processor 1106 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1108 and a screen 1110. The application processor 1106 may include on-chip memory 1106'. In some aspects, apparatus 1104 may also include a Bluetooth module 1112, a WLAN module 1114, an SPS module 1116 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1118 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), additional memory modules 1126, a power source 1130, and / or a camera 1132. The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include on-chip transceivers (TRXs) (or in some cases, only receivers (Rx)). The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize antenna 1180 for communication. The cellular baseband processor 1124 communicates with UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with network entity 1102 via transceiver 1122 through one or more antennas 1180. The cellular baseband processor 1124 and the application processor 1106 may each separately include computer-readable media / memory 1124', 1106'. The additional memory module 1126 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1124', 1106', 1126 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1124 and the application processor 1106 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106, causes the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1104 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1124 and / or the application processor 1106, and in another configuration, the device 1104 may be the entire UE (e.g., see Figure 3 the UE 350) and include additional modules of the device 1104.

[0119] As discussed above, component 198 can be configured to receive at least one of a sensing signal or CSI-RS for an object associated with a UE from a network node. Component 198 can be configured to send an indication of disassociation from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Component 198 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1124, the application processor 1106, or both the cellular baseband processor 1124 and the application processor 1106. Component 198 can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, device 1104 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1104 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1124 and / or the application processor 1106) includes means for receiving at least one of a sensing signal or CSI-RS for an object associated with a UE from a network node. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Device 1104 can include means for measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation in response to the measured strength of at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS being less than or equal to a signal strength threshold. Device 1104 can include means for measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS by measuring at least one of the RSRP or relative RSRP backoff associated with at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Device 1104 can include means for receiving a signal strength threshold from a network node. Device 1104 can include means for receiving a signal strength threshold from a network node. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation in response to the measured strength of the sensing signal being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. Device 1104 can include means for measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS by measuring the strength of the CSI-RS. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation in response to the measured strength of the CSI-RS being less than or equal to the signal strength threshold. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation from the object by sending at least one of a UCI message, SRS, RACH message, or MAC-CE including the indication of disassociation. Device 1104 can include means for sending an indication of disassociation from the object by sending at least one of a UCI message, SRS, RACH message, or MAC-CE including the indication of disassociation.The apparatus 1104 may include components for sending an indication of disassociation with an object by sending a request to configure an association between the UE and at least one other object. The apparatus 1104 may include components for receiving a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity. The apparatus 1104 may include components for receiving a first CSI-RS from a network node. The apparatus 1104 may include components for receiving an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity. The apparatus 1104 may include components for receiving a sensing signal after receiving the updated CSI-RS configuration. The apparatus 1104 may include components for measuring the CSI-RS. The apparatus 1104 may include components for sending a CSI-RS report based on the CSI-RS. The apparatus 1104 may include components for receiving a second indication of an association between the UE and an object. The apparatus 1104 may include components for sending an indication of disassociation based on the second indication of an association between the UE and an object. The components may be component 198 of the apparatus 1104 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the apparatus 1104 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, these components may be the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by these components.

[0120] Figure 12FIG. 1200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1202. Network entity 1202 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1202 may include at least one of CU 1210, DU 1230, or RU 1240. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1202 may include CU 1210; both CU 1210 and DU 1230; each of CU 1210, DU 1230, and RU 1240; DU 1230; both DU 1230 and RU 1240; or RU 1240. CU 1210 may include CU processor 1212. CU processor 1212 may include on-chip memory 1212'. In some aspects, CU 1210 may also include additional memory module 1214 and communication interface 1218. CU 1210 communicates with DU 1230 via a midhaul link, such as the F1 interface. DU 1230 may include DU processor 1232. DU processor 1232 may include on-chip memory 1232'. In some aspects, DU 1230 may also include additional memory module 1234 and communication interface 1238. DU 1230 communicates with RU 1240 via a fronthaul link. RU 1240 may include RU processor 1242. RU processor 1242 may include on-chip memory 1242'. In some aspects, RU 1240 may also include additional memory module 1244, one or more transceivers 1246, antenna 1280, and communication interface 1248. RU 1240 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1212', 1232', 1242' and additional memory modules 1214, 1234, 1244 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1212, 1232, 1242 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0121] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with a UE. Component 199 may be configured to receive a reflection of the sensing signal. Component 199 may be configured to calculate the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. Component 199 may be configured to communicate with the UE based on the calculated location. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1210, DU 1230, and RU 1240. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. Network entity 1202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1202 may include components for sending a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with a UE. Network entity 1202 may include components for receiving a reflection of the sensing signal. Network entity 1202 may include components for calculating the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. Network entity 1202 may include components for communicating with the UE based on the calculated location. Network entity 1202 may include components for performing BM on the UE based on the calculated location. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a sensing signal by periodically sending the sensing signal. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a first set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the first periodicity. Network entity 1202 may include components for associating the UE with the object. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a sensing signal after sending the updated CSI-RS configuration. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a second set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the second periodicity. Network entity 1202 may include components for receiving a CSI-RS report based on the first set of CSI-RS. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending CSI-RS. Network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of dis-association from the UE with the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a signal strength threshold to the UE. Network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of dis-association based on the signal strength threshold. Network entity 1202 may include components for sending a first signal strength threshold associated with the sensing signal.The network entity 1202 may include components for sending a second signal strength threshold associated with CSI-RS. The network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of disassociation based on at least one of the first signal strength threshold or the second signal strength threshold. The network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of disassociation with an object (which may include receiving at least one of a UCI message, an SRS, a RACH message, or a MAC-CE including an indication of disassociation). The network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of disassociation with an object by receiving a request to trigger a fallback BM procedure. The network entity 1202 may include components for initiating a BM procedure in response to a request to trigger a fallback BM procedure. The network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of disassociation with an object by receiving a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object. The network entity 1202 may include components for initiating a UE-object association procedure in response to a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object. The network entity 1202 may include components for sending a second indication of the association between the UE and the object. The network entity 1202 may include components for receiving an indication of disassociation based on the second indication of the association between the UE and the object. The components may be component 199 of the network entity 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the network entity 1202 may include a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the components may be the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0122] Figure 13 FIG. 1300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1360. In one example, network entity 1360 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1360 may include a network processor 1312. Network processor 1312 may include on-chip memory 1312'. In some aspects, network entity 1360 may also include additional memory modules 1314. Network entity 1360 communicates with CU 1302 directly (e.g., a fronthaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via RIC) via network interface 1380. On-chip memory 1312' and additional memory modules 1314 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Processor 1312 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the respective processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0123] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with the UE. Component 199 may be configured to receive a reflection of the sensing signal. Component 199 may be configured to calculate the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. Component 199 may be configured to communicate with the UE based on the calculated location. Component 199 may be within processor 1312. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. Network entity 1360 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1360 may include components for sending a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with the UE. Network entity 1360 may include components for receiving a reflection of the sensing signal. Network entity 1360 may include components for calculating the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. Network entity 1360 may include components for communicating with the UE based on the calculated location. Network entity 1360 may include components for performing BM on the UE based on the calculated location. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a sensing signal by periodically sending the sensing signal. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a first set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the first periodicity. Network entity 1360 may include components for associating the UE with the object. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a sensing signal after sending the updated CSI-RS configuration. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a second set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the second periodicity. Network entity 1360 may include components for receiving a CSI-RS report based on the first set of CSI-RS. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending CSI-RS. Network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnection from the object from the UE based on at least one of the sensing signal or CSI-RS. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a signal strength threshold to the UE. Network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnection based on the signal strength threshold. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a first signal strength threshold associated with the sensing signal. Network entity 1360 may include components for sending a second signal strength threshold associated with CSI-RS.The network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnecting the association based on at least one of a first signal strength threshold or a second signal strength threshold. The network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnecting the association with an object (which may include receiving at least one of a UCI message, SRS, RACH message, or MAC-CE including an indication of disconnecting the association). The network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnecting the association with an object by receiving a request to trigger a fallback BM process. The network entity 1360 may include components for initiating a BM process in response to a request to trigger a fallback BM process. The network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnecting the association with an object by receiving a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object. The network entity 1360 may include components for initiating a UE-object association process in response to a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object. The network entity 1360 may include components for sending a second indication of the association between the UE and the object. The network entity 1360 may include components for receiving an indication of disconnecting the association based on the second indication of the association between the UE and the object. The components may be component 199 of the network entity 1360 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0124] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of example methods. It should be understood that based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy given.

[0125] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, and the singular forms of the elements are not intended to mean "one and only one" but "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise. Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not denote a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...," do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limitation for the action to occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or their combinations," including any combination of A, B, and / or C, may include multiple A's, multiple B's, or multiple C's. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or their combinations" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be construed as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. do not substitute for the word "component." Thus, no claim element will be construed as a functional component unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0126] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed to mean a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A", unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0127] A device configured to "output" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) can (for example) transmit the data with a transceiver, or can convey the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as, a transmission, a signal, or a message) can (for example) receive data with a transceiver, or can obtain the data from a device that receives the data.

[0128] The following aspects are merely illustrative and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0129] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, where the method can include receiving, from a network node, at least one of a sensing signal or a CSI-RS for an object associated with the UE. The method can include transmitting an indication of disassociation from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

[0130] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, where the method can include measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS. Transmitting the indication of disassociation can be responsive to the measured strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a signal strength threshold.

[0131] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, where measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS can include measuring at least one of an RSRP or a relative RSRP offset associated with at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

[0132] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of aspects 2 or 3, where the method can include receiving the signal strength threshold from the network node.

[0133] Aspect 5 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein measuring the intensity of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS may include measuring the intensity of the sensing signal. Sending the indication of the disconnection association may be responsive to the measured intensity of the sensing signal being less than or equal to a first signal intensity threshold. Measuring the intensity of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS may include measuring the intensity of the CSI-RS. Sending the indication of the disconnection association may be responsive to the measured intensity of the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a second signal intensity threshold.

[0134] Aspect 6 is the method according to Aspect 5, wherein the first signal intensity threshold and the second signal intensity threshold may be different.

[0135] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein sending the indication of the disconnection association with the object may include sending at least one of a UCI message, an SRS, a RACH message, or a MAC-CE including the indication of the disconnection association.

[0136] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein sending the indication of the disconnection association with the object may include sending a request to trigger a fallback BM procedure.

[0137] Aspect 9 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein sending the indication of the disconnection association with the object may include sending a request to configure an association between the UE and at least one other object.

[0138] Aspect 10 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the method may include receiving a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity. The method may include receiving a first CSI-RS from the network node. The method may include receiving an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity. The second periodicity may be greater than the first periodicity. The method may include receiving the sensing signal after receiving the updated CSI-RS configuration.

[0139] Aspect 11 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the method may include measuring the CSI-RS. The method may include sending a CSI-RS report based on the CSI-RS.

[0140] Aspect 12 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the method may include receiving a second indication of the association between the UE and the object. Sending the indication of the disconnection association may be based on the second indication of the association between the UE and the object.

[0141] Aspect 13 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, wherein the method may include sending a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with a UE. The method may include receiving a reflection of the sensing signal. The method may include calculating the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal. The method may include communicating with the UE based on the calculated location.

[0142] Aspect 14 is the method according to aspect 13, wherein communicating with the UE may include performing BM on the UE based on the calculated location.

[0143] Aspect 15 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 or 14, wherein sending the sensing signal may include periodically sending the sensing signal.

[0144] Aspect 16 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15, wherein the method may include sending a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity. The method may include sending a first set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the first periodicity. The method may include associating the UE with the object. The method may include sending an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity. The second periodicity may be greater than the first periodicity. The method may include sending the sensing signal after sending the updated CSI-RS configuration. The method may include sending a second set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the second periodicity.

[0145] Aspect 17 is the method according to aspect 16, wherein the method may include receiving a CSI-RS report based on the first set of CSI-RS. The second periodicity may be based on the CSI-RS report.

[0146] Aspect 18 is the method according to aspect 17, wherein the CSI-RS report may include at least one of speed, positioning, or a projected path towards a non-LOS positioning. The second periodicity may be further based on at least one of the speed, the positioning, or the projected path towards the non-LOS positioning.

[0147] Aspect 19 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 18, wherein the method may include sending CSI-RS. The method may include receiving an indication of disconnection from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

[0148] Aspect 20 is the method according to aspect 19, wherein the method may include sending a signal strength threshold to the UE. Receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association may be based on the signal strength threshold.

[0149] Aspect 21 is the method according to any one of aspects 19 or 20, wherein the method may include sending a first signal strength threshold associated with the sensed signal. The method may include sending a second signal strength threshold associated with the CSI-RS. Receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association may be based on at least one of the first signal strength threshold or the second signal strength threshold.

[0150] Aspect 22 is the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 21, wherein the method of receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association with the object includes receiving at least one of a UCI message, an SRS, a RACH message, or a MAC-CE including the indication of the disconnection of the association.

[0151] Aspect 23 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 and 22, wherein receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association with the object may include receiving a request to trigger a fallback BM process. The method may include initiating a BM process in response to the request to trigger the fallback BM process.

[0152] Aspect 24 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 23, wherein receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association with the object may include receiving a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object. The method may include initiating a UE-object association process in response to the request to construct the association between the UE and the at least one other object.

[0153] Aspect 25 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 24, wherein the method may include sending a second indication of the association between the UE and the object. Receiving the indication of the disconnection of the association may be based on the second indication of the association between the UE and the object.

[0154] Aspect 26 is a device for wireless communication, the device includes: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 25.

[0155] Aspect 27 is the device according to aspect 26, the device further includes at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0156] Aspect 28 is a device for wireless communication, the device including components for implementing any one of Aspects 1 to 25.

[0157] Aspect 29 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, where the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 25.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured at least in part based on information stored in the memory to: receive from a network node at least one of a sensing signal or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) for an object associated with the UE; and send an indication of disconnection from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Measure the intensity of at least one of the sensed signal or the CSI-RS, wherein, for sending the indication of disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of disconnection in response to the measured strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a signal strength threshold.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein For measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS, the at least one processor is configured to: measure at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a relative RSRP backoff associated with at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive the signal strength threshold from the network node.

5. The device according to claim 2, wherein For measuring the strength of at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS, the at least one processor is configured to: measure the strength of the sensing signal, wherein for sending the indication of disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of disconnection in response to the measured strength of the sensing signal being less than or equal to a first signal strength threshold; and measure the strength of the CSI-RS, wherein for sending the indication of disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of disconnection in response to the measured strength of the CSI-RS being less than or equal to a second signal strength threshold.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first signal strength threshold and the second signal strength threshold are different.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein For sending the indication of disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to: send at least one of an uplink control information (UCI) message, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a random access channel (RACH) message, or a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) including the indication of disconnection.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein, For sending the indication of disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to: send a request to trigger a fallback beam management (BM) process.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein For sending the indication of disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to: Send a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity; Receive a first CSI-RS from the network node; Receive an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity, wherein the second periodicity is greater than the first periodicity; and Receive the sensing signal after receiving the updated CSI-RS configuration.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Measure the CSI-RS; and Send a CSI-RS report based on the CSI-RS.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a second indication of the association between the UE and the object, where To send the indication of disconnecting the association, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of disconnecting the association based on the second indication of the association between the UE and the object.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, the apparatus further includes a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the transceiver is configured to: Receive at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS for the object associated with the UE from the network node; and Send an indication of disconnecting the association with the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus includes: A memory; And At least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: Send a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with the UE; Receive a reflection of the sensing signal; Calculate the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal; And Communicate with the UE based on the calculated location.

15. The device according to claim 14, wherein, To communicate with the UE, the at least one processor is configured to: Perform beam management (BM) on the UE based on the calculated location.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, To send the sensing signal, the at least one processor is configured to: Periodically send the sensing signal.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Send a first channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) including a first indication of a first periodicity; Send a first set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the first periodicity; Associate the UE with the object; Send an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity, wherein the second periodicity is greater than the first periodicity; Send the sensing signal after sending the updated CSI-RS configuration; And Send a second set of CSI-RS to the UE based on the second periodicity.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a CSI-RS report based on the first set of CSI-RS, wherein the second periodicity is based on the CSI-RS report.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the CSI-RS report includes at least one of speed, location, or a projected path towards a non-line-of-sight (non-LOS) location, and wherein the second periodicity is further based on at least one of the speed, the location, or the projected path towards the non-LOS location.

20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Transmit a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); and Receive an indication of disconnection from the UE based on at least one of the sensed signal or the CSI-RS.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Send a signal strength threshold to the UE, where For receiving the indication of the disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the disconnection based on the signal strength threshold.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Transmit a first signal strength threshold associated with the sensed signal; and Transmit a second signal strength threshold associated with the CSI-RS, wherein, For receiving the indication of the disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the disconnection based on at least one of the first signal strength threshold or the second signal strength threshold.

23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, For receiving the indication of the disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to: Receive at least one of an uplink control information (UCI) message, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a random access channel (RACH) message, or a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) including the indication of the disconnection.

24. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, For receiving the indication of the disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to receive a request to trigger a fallback beam management (BM) process, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Initiate a BM process in response to the request to trigger the fallback BM process.

25. The device according to claim 20, wherein, For receiving the indication of the disconnection from the object, the at least one processor is configured to receive a request to construct an association between the UE and at least one other object, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Initiate a UE-object association process in response to the request to construct the association between the UE and the at least one other object.

26. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Send a second indication of the association between the UE and the object, wherein, For receiving the indication of the disconnection, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the disconnection based on a second indication of the association between the UE and the object.

27. The apparatus according to claim 14, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the transceiver being configured to: transmit the sensing signal to determine the location of the object associated with the UE; receive the reflection of the sensing signal; and communicate with the UE based on the calculated location.

28. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, from a network node, at least one of a sensing signal or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) for an object associated with the UE; and sending an indication of dissociation from the object based on at least one of the sensing signal or the CSI-RS.

29. The method according to claim 28, the method further comprising: receiving a first CSI-RS configuration including a first indication of a first periodicity; receiving a first CSI-RS from the network node; receiving an updated CSI-RS configuration including a second indication of a second periodicity, wherein the second periodicity is greater than the first periodicity; and receiving the sensing signal after receiving the updated CSI-RS configuration.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a sensing signal to determine the location of an object associated with a UE; receiving the reflection of the sensing signal; calculating the location of the object based on the received reflection of the sensing signal; and performing beam management (BM) on the UE based on the calculated location.

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