Convenient three-dimensional crocus sativus cultivation device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a convenient three-dimensional crocus sativus cultivation device and method, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. Through the design of a composite drainage structure, the ceramsite layer at the bottom of the box body and the ventilation grooves in the side walls work cooperatively, the occurrence rate of root rot is remarkably reduced, the stability of the growth environment of saffron crocus is ensured, the design of dynamic spectrum regulation and control is matched, the device can automatically adjust light quality according to different growth stages of plants, blue light is dominated in the vegetative period, and the growth environment of saffron crocus is improved. Compared with a traditional field cultivation mode, the saffron crocus cultivation device has the advantages that about 80% of land resources can be saved, the space utilization rate can be remarkably increased, and labor management and labor cost can be reduced by 50% while precise temperature and humidity control is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly to a convenient three-dimensional cultivation device and method for saffron. Background Art

[0002] Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a medicinal plant with high economic value, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine fields. It is particularly valued for its unique curative effects in promoting blood circulation, relieving stress, improving mood, etc. However, there are multiple problems in the traditional saffron cultivation method, mainly manifested in low land resource utilization rate, difficult precise control of cultivation environment, and difficult pest and disease control.

[0003] Problems existing in the traditional cultivation mode:

[0004] Low land utilization rate: The traditional saffron cultivation method usually adopts large-area land leveling for planting, resulting in waste of land resources. The growth cycle of saffron is relatively long (generally about 6 months), and a large amount of land is required for extended planting during the cultivation process, increasing the land demand per unit area and input cost.

[0005] Difficult environmental control: Saffron has relatively strict environmental requirements, especially for temperature and humidity. The traditional ground cultivation method is difficult to precisely control the temperature and humidity, resulting in restricted growth of saffron. In particular, the temperature fluctuation during the flowering period is likely to affect its yield and quality. Especially in some parts of southern and northern China, it is difficult to meet the growth requirements of saffron for temperature and humidity when the weather is unstable.

[0006] Pest and disease management problems: During the saffron cultivation process, especially when the soil humidity is high, soil-borne diseases such as root rot are likely to occur, seriously affecting the yield and quality of saffron. In addition, the saffron cultivation process is vulnerable to pest attacks, especially by pests such as red spiders. In the traditional cultivation mode, the prevention and control are difficult, and often rely on chemical pesticides, increasing the risk of environmental pollution.

[0007] Limitations of existing technologies and equipment:

[0008] Application limitations of vertical farming and three-dimensional cultivation technologies: With the development of vertical farming and intelligent agriculture technologies, some research and application attempts combine three-dimensional cultivation with automatic temperature and humidity control to improve the yield per unit area of crops. However, these systems still have problems such as complex structure, high equipment investment, inaccurate system regulation in actual applications, and most are only applied to conventional leafy vegetables or fruits and vegetables. For medicinal plants like saffron that require special temperature and humidity requirements and refined management, no mature solutions have been formed yet.

[0009] Deficiencies of the intelligent environment control system: Although some current intelligent agricultural equipment can automatically adjust parameters such as temperature, humidity, and irrigation, for crops like saffron that have high requirements for light cycle, temperature, and humidity, the existing environment control systems usually lack the ability of dynamic adjustment. Especially in different growth stages, the automatic control of light intensity and spectral ratio has not been effectively solved.

[0010] Therefore, a new solution needs to be proposed for the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a convenient three-dimensional cultivation device and method for saffron to solve the technical problems raised in the background technology.

[0012] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A convenient method for three-dimensional cultivation of saffron, which at least includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: Carry out the structural design of the cultivation device;

[0014] S2: Carry out substrate design and bulb treatment;

[0015] S3: Configure nutrient solution, build an integrated water and fertilizer system, and irrigate saffron with intelligent circulating nutrient solution;

[0016] S4: Carry out intelligent monitoring and management to ensure temperature and humidity control and pest and disease prevention and control. The pest and disease prevention and control include physical barrier and biological control. The biological control at least includes releasing Amblyseius barkeri, 20 per box, to prevent and control spider mites.

[0017] Furthermore, the design of S1 at least includes the leak design of the cultivation box, the anti-substrate loss design of the cultivation box, the ventilation design of the cultivation box, the environment control system design, and the supplementary lighting design.

[0018] Furthermore, the substrate in S2 at least includes a base layer, a planting layer, and a covering layer;

[0019] The base layer is filled with 5 cm of ceramsite at the bottom inside the cultivation device. The base layer is used for drainage, and the particle size of the ceramsite is 1 cm - 2 cm;

[0020] The planting layer includes coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure. The ratio of coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure is 6:3:1. The pH value of the planting layer is 6.5 - 7.0, and the EC value ≤ 1.2 mS / cm;

[0021] The covering layer is 1 cm thick pine scale, and the covering layer is used for moisturizing and inhibiting bacteria.

[0022] Furthermore, the bulb optimization at least includes the following steps:

[0023] Pre-treatment: After removing the outer membrane, soak in 0.3% carbendazim for 20 minutes, air dry, and then refrigerate at 4°C for vernalization for 30 days.

[0024] Dense planting layout: Place 60 - 80 bulbs in each box, plant them according to a row spacing of 8 cm and a plant spacing of 5 cm, with 1 / 3 of the bulb top exposed above the substrate.

[0025] Furthermore, the configured nutrient solution is divided into the growth stage and the flowering stage;

[0026] The nutrient solution in the growth stage is:

[0027] N - P2O5 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20 + 5 mg / L of chelated iron, EC 1.8 mS / cm;

[0028] The nutrient solution in the flowering stage is:

[0029] N - P2O5 - K2O = 5 - 15 - 30 + 2 mg / L of borax, pH adjusted to 6.8.

[0030] A convenient three - dimensional cultivation device for saffron, comprising a three - dimensional support, a lower baffle, a cultivation box assembly, a horizontal baffle, a temperature and humidity control component, a water and fertilizer integration system, a water collection tank, and a top cover plate. The top of the three - dimensional support is fixedly connected with the top cover plate. Multiple horizontal baffles are arranged on both sides of the three - dimensional support. The bottom of the horizontal baffle is fixedly connected with the temperature and humidity control component. Multiple groups of lower baffles are sequentially arranged from bottom to top inside the three - dimensional support. The top of the lower baffle is fixedly connected with the water collection tank. One end of the water collection tank is provided with a water and fertilizer integration system. The cultivation box assembly is placed on the top of the water collection tank;

[0031] The temperature and humidity control component includes a temperature sensor, a micro axial - flow fan, and a soil humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and the micro axial - flow fan are used to maintain the temperature, which is 15°C - 25°C during the growth stage and ≤18°C during the flowering stage. The soil humidity sensor controls and senses the humidity, and the humidity is controlled at 40% - 60%. When the humidity is lower than 30%, it triggers the control of the water and fertilizer integration system to start water diversion irrigation, which is reduced to once a week during the flowering stage;

[0032] Hooks are provided at the bottom of the top cover plate and the bottom of the lower baffle for hanging full - spectrum LED light strips. The full - spectrum LED light strips are used to provide different - colored supplementary light for saffron according to different growth stages. The supplementary light duration is 4 hours, with blue light dominant during the vegetative period and red light dominant during the flowering period, maximizing the light energy utilization rate.

[0033] Furthermore, the cultivation box assembly includes drain holes, ventilation slots, and a detachable insect-proof net. The cultivation box body is placed on the top of the water collection tank, and the bottom of the cultivation box body is completely attached to the top of the water collection tank. The water collection tank is used to collect the excess nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation box body. Multiple drain holes are provided at the bottom of the cultivation box body. The diameter of the drain holes is 1 cm, and the spacing between the drain holes is 8 cm. PP non-woven fabric is laid inside the cultivation box body, and the PP non-woven fabric is used to prevent the loss of the substrate;

[0034] Detachable insect-proof nets are provided on both sides of the cultivation box body. The width of the detachable insect-proof net is 2 cm, and the length is 30 cm.

[0035] Furthermore, ventilation slots are inserted inside both sides of the cultivation box body, and the ventilation slots are 50 mesh.

[0036] Furthermore, the integrated water and fertilizer system includes a water pump, a water guide pipe, a three-way connector, a booster pump, a water distribution pipe, and a microspray belt. The input end of the water pump is fixedly connected to the water collection tank. A water guide pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump. The top of the water guide pipe is connected to the three-way connector. A booster pump is connected to one side of the three-way connector. A water distribution pipe is connected to one side of the booster pump. Multiple microspray belts are sequentially arranged from one side to the other side at the top of the water distribution pipe. The flow rate of the microspray belt is L / h. The other input end of the three-way connector is used to connect to a nutrient solution storage device. Through the design of the three-way connector, it is convenient to pump the recycled nutrient solution and the new nutrient solution into the water distribution pipe through the booster pump at the same time, and then spray them again into the cultivation box body through the microspray belt.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] Through the design of the composite drainage structure, the present invention works in coordination with the ceramsite layer at the bottom of the box body and the ventilation slots on the side walls, significantly reducing the incidence of root rot disease and ensuring the stability of the growth environment of saffron. With the design of dynamic spectrum regulation, the device can automatically adjust the light quality according to different growth stages of plants. Blue light dominates during the vegetative period, and red light dominates during the flowering period, maximizing the utilization rate of light energy, promoting the healthy growth and flowering of saffron. Compared with the traditional field planting mode, this device can save about 80% of land resources, significantly improve the space utilization rate, and while ensuring accurate control of temperature and humidity, reduce manual management and reduce labor costs by 50%. Description of the Drawings

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the whole of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a side view of the whole of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cultivation box assembly of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the integrated water and fertilizer system of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: XX. Specific embodiments

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.

[0046] Embodiment 1:

[0047] A method for convenient three-dimensional cultivation of saffron includes at least the following steps:

[0048] S1: Design the structure of the cultivation device;

[0049] S2: Design the substrate and process the seed bulbs;

[0050] S3: Configure the nutrient solution, build an integrated water and fertilizer system, and irrigate saffron with intelligent circulating nutrient solution;

[0051] S4: Conduct intelligent monitoring and management to ensure temperature and humidity control and pest and disease prevention and control. Pest and disease prevention and control include physical barrier and biological control.

[0052] Intelligent monitoring uses a data middle platform,

[0053] Hardware: The ESP32 main control board is connected to each layer of sensors, and the data is uploaded to the cloud;

[0054] Software: Customize the APP to generate a growth curve, and an outlier (such as temperature > 28°C) triggers a buzzer alarm.

[0055] Biological control includes at least releasing Amblyseius barkeri, at 20 per box, to control spider mites.

[0056] The design of S1 at least includes the design of water leakage prevention in the incubator, the design of preventing substrate loss in the incubator, the design of ventilation in the incubator, the design of the environmental control system, and the design of supplementary lighting.

[0057] The substrate in S2 at least includes a base layer, a planting layer, and a covering layer;

[0058] The base layer is filled with 5 cm of ceramsite at the bottom in the cultivation device. The base layer is used for drainage, and the particle size of the ceramsite is 1 cm - 2 cm;

[0059] The planting layer includes coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure. The ratio of coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure is 6:3:1. The pH value of the planting layer is 6.5 - 7.0, and the EC value ≤ 1.2 mS / cm;

[0060] The covering layer is 1 cm thick pine scales, and the covering layer is used for moisturizing and antibacterial.

[0061] The optimization of the bulbs at least includes the following steps:

[0062] Pretreatment: After removing the outer membrane, soak it in 0.3% carbendazim for 20 minutes, air dry, and then refrigerate and vernalize at 4°C for 30 days;

[0063] Dense planting layout: Place 60 - 80 bulbs in each box, plant them according to a row spacing of 8 cm and a plant spacing of 5 cm, and expose 1 / 3 of the bulb top above the substrate.

[0064] The preparation of the nutrient solution is divided into the growth period and the flowering period;

[0065] The nutrient solution in the growth period is:

[0066] N - P205 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20 + 5 mg / L of chelated iron, EC 1.8 mS / cm;

[0067] The nutrient solution in the flowering period is:

[0068] N - P2O5 - K2O = 5 - 15 - 30 + 2 mg / L of borax, pH adjusted to 6.8.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] Refer to Figures 1 - 4, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment proposes a convenient three-dimensional cultivation device for saffron, including a three-dimensional support 1, a lower baffle 2, a cultivation box assembly 3, a horizontal baffle 4, a temperature and humidity control component 5, a water and fertilizer integration system 6, a water collection tank 11 and a top cover plate 18. The top end of the three-dimensional support 1 is fixedly connected with the top cover plate 18. A plurality of horizontal baffles 4 are arranged on both sides of the three-dimensional support 1. The bottom end of the horizontal baffle 4 is fixedly connected with the temperature and humidity control component 5. A plurality of groups of lower baffles 2 are sequentially arranged inside the three-dimensional support 1 from bottom to top. The top end of the lower baffle 2 is fixedly connected with the water collection tank 11. One end of the water collection tank 11 is provided with a water and fertilizer integration system 6. The cultivation box assembly 3 is placed on the top end of the water collection tank 11;

[0071] The temperature and humidity control component 5 includes a temperature sensor, a micro axial flow fan and a soil humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and the micro axial flow fan are used to maintain the temperature, which is 15°C - 25°C during the growth period and ≤18°C during the flowering period. The soil humidity sensor controls and senses the humidity, and the humidity control is 40% - 60%. When the humidity is lower than 30%, it triggers the control to turn on the water diversion irrigation of the water and fertilizer integration system 6, and it is reduced to once a week during the flowering period

[0072] Hook are provided at the bottom end of the top cover plate 18 and the bottom end of the lower baffle 2 for hanging full-spectrum LED light strips. The full-spectrum LED light strips are used to provide different colors of supplementary light for saffron according to different growth stages. The supplementary light duration is 4 hours. Blue light is dominant during the vegetative period, and red light is dominant during the flowering period to maximize the light energy utilization rate.

[0073] The cultivation box assembly 3 includes drainage holes 8, ventilation grooves 9 and a detachable insect-proof net 10. The cultivation box main body 7 is placed on the top end of the water collection tank 11. The bottom of the cultivation box main body 7 is completely attached to the top end of the water collection tank 11. The water collection tank 11 is used to collect the excess nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation box main body 7. A plurality of drainage holes 8 are provided at the bottom of the cultivation box main body 7. The diameter of the drainage holes 8 is 1 cm, and the spacing between the drainage holes 8 is 8 cm. PP non-woven fabric is laid inside the cultivation box main body 7, and the PP non-woven fabric is used to prevent the loss of the substrate;

[0074] Detachable insect-proof nets 10 are provided on both sides of the cultivation box main body 7. The width of the detachable insect-proof net 10 is 2 cm and the length is 30 cm.

[0075] Ventilation grooves 9 are inserted inside both sides of the cultivation box main body 7, and the ventilation grooves 9 are 50 mesh.

[0076] The integrated water and fertilizer system 6 includes a water pump 12, a water pipe 13, a three-way connector 14, a booster pump 15, a water distribution pipe 16 and a micro-spray belt 17. The input end of the water pump 12 is fixedly connected to the water collection tank 11. The output end of the water pump 12 is connected with a water pipe 13. The top end of the water pipe 13 is connected to the three-way connector 14. One side of the three-way connector 14 is connected with a booster pump 15. One side of the booster pump 15 is connected with a water distribution pipe 16. The top ends of the water distribution pipes 16 are provided with a plurality of micro-spray belts 17 in sequence from one side to the other side. The flow rate of the micro-spray belt 17 is 2 L / h. The other input end of the three-way connector 14 is used to connect to the nutrient solution storage device. Through the design of the three-way connector 14, it is convenient to pump the recycled nutrient solution and the new nutrient solution into the water distribution pipe 16 through the booster pump 15 at the same time, and then spray them again into the cultivation box main body 7 through the micro-spray belt 17.

[0077] Based on the above-mentioned second embodiment, a further third embodiment is proposed:

[0078] Home version

[0079] Streamlined to 3 layers + manual irrigation, suitable for balcony agriculture;

[0080] Based on the above-mentioned second embodiment, a further fourth embodiment is proposed:

[0081] Factory version: Adopt row-by-row erection + AGV handling robot to realize fully automated production.

[0082] The above-mentioned production capacity calculation

[0083] The annual output of fresh saffron stigmas per box is 8 - 12 g (equivalent to 1 - 1.5 g of dry product). The annual income of a 100-box scale with a detachable insect-proof net exceeds 100,000 yuan (the average price of saffron is 80 yuan / g in the following 2 lower baffles for 25 years).

[0084] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A convenient three-dimensional cultivation method for saffron, characterized in that: It includes at least the following steps: S1: Conduct the structural design of the cultivation device; S2: Conduct the substrate design and bulb treatment; S3: Configure the nutrient solution, build a water and fertilizer integration system, and intelligently circulate the nutrient solution to irrigate saffron; S4: Conduct intelligent monitoring and management to ensure temperature and humidity control and pest and disease prevention and control, and the pest and disease prevention and control includes physical barrier and biological control.

2. The convenient three-dimensional cultivation method of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design of S1 at least includes the leakage design of the incubator, the anti-substrate loss design of the incubator, the ventilation design of the incubator, the environmental control system design, and the supplementary lighting design.

3. The convenient three-dimensional cultivation method of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate in S2 at least includes a base layer, a planting layer, and a covering layer; The base layer is to fill 5 cm of ceramsite at the bottom in the cultivation device, and the base layer is used for drainage. The particle size of the ceramsite is 1 cm - 2 cm; The planting layer includes coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure. The ratio of coconut coir, perlite, and decomposed sheep manure is 6:3:

1. The pH value of the planting layer is 6.5 - 7.0, and the EC value ≤ 1.2 mS / cm; The covering layer is 1 cm thick pine scales, and the covering layer is used for moisture preservation and antibacterial; 4. A convenient three-dimensional cultivation method for saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization of the bulbs at least includes the following steps: Pretreatment: After removing the outer membrane, soak it in 0.3% carbendazim for 20 minutes, and refrigerate and vernalize at 4°C for 30 days after drying; Dense planting layout: Place 60 - 80 bulbs in each box, plant them according to a row spacing of 8 cm and a plant spacing of 5 cm, and expose 1 / 3 of the bulb top above the substrate.

5. A convenient three-dimensional cultivation method for saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that: The configuration of the nutrient solution is divided into the growth period and the flowering period; The nutrient solution in the growth period is: N - P205 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20 + 5 mg / L of chelated iron, EC 1.8 mS / cm; The nutrient solution in the flowering period is: N - P2O5 - K2O = 5 - 15 - 30 + 2 mg / L of borax, pH adjusted to 6.

8.

6. A convenient three-dimensional cultivation device for saffron, which is used for the convenient three-dimensional cultivation method of saffron described in any one of the above claims 1-5, and is characterized in that: It includes a three - dimensional bracket (1), a lower baffle (2), a cultivation box assembly (3), a horizontal baffle (4), a temperature and humidity control component (5), a water and fertilizer integration system (6), a water collection tank (11), and a top cover plate (18). The top of the three - dimensional bracket (1) is fixedly connected with the top cover plate (18). A plurality of horizontal baffles (4) are arranged on both sides of the three - dimensional bracket (1). The bottom end of the horizontal baffle (4) is fixedly connected with the temperature and humidity control component (5). A plurality of groups of lower baffles (2) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top inside the three - dimensional bracket (1). The top end of the lower baffle (2) is fixedly connected with the water collection tank (11). One end of the water collection tank (11) is provided with a water and fertilizer integration system (6). The cultivation box assembly (3) is placed on the top of the water collection tank (11); The temperature and humidity control component (5) includes a temperature sensor, a micro axial - flow fan, and a soil humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and the micro axial - flow fan are used to maintain the temperature. The soil humidity sensor controls and senses the humidity. The humidity control is 40% - 60%. When the humidity is lower than 30%, it triggers the control to turn on the water diversion irrigation for the water and fertilizer integration system (6); Hooks are provided at the bottom ends of the top cover plate (18) and the lower baffle (2) for hanging a full-spectrum LED light strip, and the full-spectrum LED light strip is used to supplement light of different colors to saffron according to different growth stages.

7. The convenient saffron three-dimensional cultivation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation box assembly (3) includes a drain hole (8), a ventilation groove (9) and a detachable insect-proof net (10). The cultivation box main body (7) is placed on the top end of the water collection tank (11). The bottom of the cultivation box main body (7) is completely attached to the top end of the water collection tank (11). The water collection tank (11) is used to collect the excess nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation box main body (7). A plurality of drain holes (8) are provided at the bottom of the cultivation box main body (7). A PP non-woven fabric is laid inside the cultivation box main body (7), and the PP non-woven fabric is used to prevent the loss of the substrate. Detachable insect-proof nets (10) are provided on both sides of the cultivation box main body (7).

8. The convenient three-dimensional cultivation device for saffron according to claim 7, wherein: Ventilation grooves (9) are inserted inside both sides of the cultivation box main body (7), and the ventilation grooves (9) are 50 mesh.

9. The convenient saffron three-dimensional cultivation device according to claim 8, wherein: The integrated water and fertilizer system (6) includes a water pump (12), a water guide pipe (13), a three-way connector (14), a booster pump (15), a water distribution pipe (16) and a micro-spray belt (17). The input end of the water pump (12) is fixedly connected to the water collection tank (11). The output end of the water pump (12) is connected to a water guide pipe (13). The top end of the water guide pipe (13) is connected to the three-way connector (14). One side of the three-way connector (14) is connected to a booster pump (15). One side of the booster pump (15) is connected to a water distribution pipe (16). A plurality of micro-spray belts (17) are sequentially arranged from one side to the other side at the top end of the water distribution pipe (16). The flow rate of the micro-spray belt (17) is 2 L / h. The other input end of the three-way connector (14) is used to connect to a nutrient solution storage device. Through the design of the three-way connector (14), it is convenient to pump the recycled nutrient solution and the new nutrient solution into the water distribution pipe (16) through the booster pump (15) at the same time, and then spray them again into the cultivation box main body (7) through the micro-spray belt (17).

Images