Tunnel fire emergency sealing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel fire emergency sealing device. The tunnel fire emergency sealing device is used in a tunnel and comprises a spraying unit, a mixed material conveying unit, a data acquisition unit and a control unit. Spraying guns of the spraying unit are distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel and provided with a protective shell and a preset fracture structure. The mixing and conveying unit comprises a resin storage tank, a foaming agent storage tank and an air pump and provides a mixed material for the spray gun; the data acquisition unit is responsible for collecting data in the tunnel; and the control unit controls the mixing and conveying unit according to information of the data acquisition unit. The spraying unit comprises a plurality of spraying guns distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel, a protective shell is arranged on the outer sides of the spraying guns, and a preset fracture structure is arranged on the protective shell. And when the pressure generated by the fire in the protective shell reaches the threshold value, the preset fracture structure is fractured according to the design, so that an opening is formed. The material conveying amount and the spraying mode can be flexibly and timely adjusted according to the actual fire development condition, and the fire extinguishing and sealing effects of the device are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel fire emergency safety, and particularly to a tunnel fire emergency sealing device. Background Art

[0002] Heavy-haul railways, as important freight transportation channels, undertake a large number of material transportation tasks. However, the goods transported by heavy-haul trains are mostly combustible items such as oil, wood, chemicals, coal, etc. In addition, the trains have a large transport volume, high speed, a large number of carriages, and a high traffic density. Once a fire breaks out in a tunnel, the fire is extremely likely to spread rapidly, forming a multi-source fire, causing huge economic losses. Since mechanical smoke exhaust equipment is rarely installed on freight dedicated lines, heavy-haul railway tunnel fires generally belong to the process of ventilation-controlled combustion, and the problem of passenger evacuation does not need to be considered. The key to extinguishing the fire lies in timely blocking the tunnel, cutting off the fresh air flow, and reducing the combustibles required for combustion. There are many deficiencies in the existing technical means for dealing with heavy-haul railway tunnel fires. For example, traditional fire extinguishing devices often cannot quickly and effectively seal the tunnel section in the initial stage of the fire, resulting in the fire not being effectively controlled in the initial stage; some devices have complex structures, require a large amount of civil engineering for installation, are costly, and are inconvenient for installation and maintenance; some devices lack the ability of real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation of the fire scene, and it is difficult to accurately carry out fire extinguishing operations according to the actual fire situation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tunnel fire emergency sealing device with a simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, and intelligent response. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, in view of the problem of the inability to quickly seal during tunnel fires, it is necessary to provide a tunnel fire emergency sealing device.

[0004] A tunnel fire emergency sealing device includes:

[0005] A spraying unit, the spraying unit includes several spray guns distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel. A protective housing is arranged outside the spray gun, and a preset fracture structure is arranged on the protective housing; the preset fracture structure will fracture to generate an opening when the internal pressure of the protective housing reaches a preset fracture threshold;

[0006] A mixed feeding unit, the mixed feeding unit includes a resin storage tank, a foaming agent storage tank, and an air pump communicated with the spray gun;

[0007] A data acquisition unit, arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel, for collecting and outputting data information;

[0008] And a control unit respectively connected to the mixed feeding unit and the data acquisition unit, the control unit is used to send a control signal to the mixed feeding unit according to the data information.

[0009] In one embodiment, the preset fracture structure is provided on the protective housing as one of a groove, a hollowed-out area, or a porous thinning area; when the pressure inside the spray gun reaches the preset fracture threshold, the preset fracture structure fractures directionally along the boundary.

[0010] In one embodiment, the resin storage tank, the foaming agent storage tank, and the air pump are connected to the inside of the spray gun through a parallel three-channel pipeline;

[0011] The spray gun includes a spray port and a mixing chamber;

[0012] The input end of the mixing chamber is connected to the parallel three-channel pipeline, and the output end of the mixing chamber is connected to the spray port;

[0013] A flow controller is arranged between the parallel three-channel pipeline and the mixing chamber, and a spiral mixer is arranged in the mixing chamber; the spiral mixer is used to dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of the resin and the foaming agent.

[0014] In one embodiment, the data acquisition unit includes: a camera, an auxiliary lighting device, a smoke detector, and a gas composition analyzer provided on the inner wall top of the tunnel.

[0015] In one embodiment, the control unit includes: an information processing system, and the information processing system will be respectively connected to the air pump, the camera, the auxiliary lighting device, the smoke detector, and the gas composition analyzer to obtain data information;

[0016] The information processing system is used to send control signals to the air pump and the flow controller according to the data information.

[0017] In one embodiment, pressure sensors and liquid level sensors are provided on the resin storage tank and the foaming agent storage tank for real-time monitoring of the material storage and pumping pressure.

[0018] In one embodiment, at least three spray guns are provided on the same cross-section of the tunnel, and are respectively installed at the springing of the tunnel, the roof of the tunnel, and the side wall of the tunnel, forming a layout of circular or symmetric distribution;

[0019] The spray guns with circular distribution are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel by using a hollowed-out bracket. The hollowed-out structure of the hollowed-out bracket can reduce the wind resistance, and a pneumatic device is connected to the air pump, and the pneumatic device can convert wind energy into the power of the air pump.

[0020] In one embodiment, the auxiliary lighting device is coaxially arranged with the camera, and the auxiliary lighting device is configured as a waterproof and dustproof device.

[0021] In one embodiment, the control unit further includes a relay group and a signal transmission module. The relay group is used to control the start and stop of the air pump and the injection valve of the spray gun, and the signal transmission module is used to transmit the image and data signals of the camera, the smoke detector, and the gas composition analyzer to the information processing system in real time.

[0022] In one embodiment, a leakage self-checking device is provided between the flow controller and the parallel three-channel pipeline.

[0023] The above tunnel fire emergency sealing device is used in a tunnel and includes an injection unit, a mixing and feeding unit, a data acquisition unit, and a control unit. The spray guns of the injection unit are distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel and have a protective shell and a preset fracture structure; the mixing and feeding unit includes a resin storage tank, a foaming agent storage tank, and an air pump to provide a mixed material for the spray guns; the data acquisition unit is responsible for collecting data in the tunnel; the control unit controls the mixing and feeding unit according to the information of the data acquisition unit. The injection unit includes several spray guns distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel. There is a protective shell outside the spray gun, and a preset fracture structure is provided on the protective shell. When the pressure generated inside the protective shell due to a fire reaches the threshold value, the preset fracture structure will break according to the design, thus generating an opening. The mixing and feeding unit includes a resin storage tank, a foaming agent storage tank, and an air pump that are connected to the spray gun through pipelines. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the injection unit and the mixing and feeding unit in the tunnel fire emergency sealing device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the data acquisition unit and the control unit in the tunnel fire emergency sealing device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the protective shell provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Reference Numerals in the Drawings:

[0028] 1. Spray gun; 2. Protective shell; 3. Preset fracture structure; 4. Resin storage tank; 5. Foaming agent storage tank; 6. Air pump; 7. Camera; 8. Auxiliary lighting device; 9. Smoke detector; 10. Gas composition analyzer; 11. Mixing chamber; 12. Parallel three-channel pipeline; 13. Spiral mixer; 14. Flow controller; 15. Hollowed-out bracket; 16. Pneumatic device; 17. Leakage self-checking device; 18. Information processing system. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. A lot of specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0031] In addition, if terms such as "first" and "second" appear, these terms are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, if the term "plurality" appears, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0032] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if terms such as "install", "connect", "couple", "fix", etc. appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, when a first feature is described as being "on" or "under" a second feature or the like, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0034] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. If present, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation.

[0035] Refer to Figures 1 - 3 as shown Figure 1 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the injection unit and the mixing and feeding unit in the tunnel fire emergency sealing device provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the data acquisition unit and the control unit in the tunnel fire emergency sealing device provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the protective housing provided by the embodiment of the present application. The shown tunnel fire emergency sealing device is used in a tunnel and includes an injection unit, a mixing and feeding unit, a data acquisition unit and a control unit. The spray guns 1 of the injection unit are distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel and have a protective housing 2 and a preset fracture structure 3; the mixing and feeding unit includes a resin storage tank 4, a foaming agent storage tank 5 and an air pump 6, which provide a mixing material for the spray guns 1; the data acquisition unit is responsible for collecting data in the tunnel; the control unit controls the mixing and feeding unit according to the information of the data acquisition unit. In addition, the spray guns 1 are fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel in a detachable manner.

[0036] The injection unit includes several spray guns 1 distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel. There is a protective housing 2 outside the spray guns 1, and a preset fracture structure 3 is provided on the protective housing 2. Through a large number of experiments and precise calculations, the preset fracture threshold of the preset fracture structure 3 is determined. When the pressure generated inside the protective housing 2 due to a fire reaches this threshold, the preset fracture structure 3 will break reliably according to the design, thereby generating an opening.

[0037] The mixed feeding unit consists of a resin storage tank 4, a foaming agent storage tank 5, and an air pump 6 that are connected to the spray gun 1 through specially designed pipelines. During installation, factors such as the actual usage scenario of the tunnel, the scale of possible fires, and the spraying requirements of the spray gun 1 should be considered to reasonably plan the capacities of the resin storage tank 4 and the foaming agent storage tank 5, and accurately debug parameters such as the pressure and conveying flow rate of the air pump 6 to ensure that the materials can be smoothly and stably conveyed to the spray gun 1.

[0038] The data acquisition unit is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The installation location needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the length, width, curvature, and daily traffic flow of the tunnel to ensure that various data information in the tunnel can be collected comprehensively, without dead angles, and accurately and output.

[0039] The control unit is connected to the mixed feeding unit and the data acquisition unit respectively through stable and reliable lines, and a special control program is written inside. This control unit can quickly and accurately analyze the data information output by the data acquisition unit, and send corresponding control signals to the mixed feeding unit in a timely manner according to the analysis results.

[0040] The spray gun 1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel in a detachable manner. The connection methods include rivet connection, bolt connection, or snap connection. During actual installation, the most suitable connection method needs to be selected according to the building materials, structural characteristics of the tunnel, and the expected impact of the harsh fire environment. This detachable fixing method can greatly improve work efficiency when maintaining the device daily and replacing the spray gun 1 in case of failure. And through a specially designed connection structure, it can ensure that the spray gun 1 can still be stably fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel in a harsh fire environment without loosening or falling off.

[0041] When a fire occurs, the preset fracture structure 3 of the spraying unit reaches the preset pressure and fractures to open. Materials such as resin and foaming agent conveyed by the mixed feeding unit are quickly ejected through the spray gun 1 to quickly form a closed structure, effectively blocking the spread of the fire and the diffusion of smoke, and winning precious time for personnel evacuation and rescue. The data acquisition unit collects data information in real time, and the control unit accurately controls the mixed feeding unit based on this information. It can flexibly and timely adjust the material conveying volume and spraying method according to the actual development of the fire, significantly improving the fire extinguishing and airtight effects of the device. The detachable fixing design of the spray gun 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel is convenient for daily maintenance and equipment replacement, ensuring the reliability and stability of the long-term use of the device, and can also ensure that the equipment is stable in a harsh fire environment and does not easily fail. The spraying unit, the mixed feeding unit, the data acquisition unit, and the control unit cooperate with each other to form a complete and efficient system, greatly improving the automation degree and work efficiency of the device, comprehensively enhancing the emergency handling ability for tunnel fires, and providing strong support for ensuring the life and property safety in the tunnel.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, the preset fracture structure 3 is provided on the protective housing 2 in the form of a groove, a hollowed-out area, or a porous thinning area. This structure has a specific working mechanism, that is, when the internal pressure of the spray gun 1 reaches the preset fracture threshold, the preset fracture structure 3 will fracture directionally along its boundary.

[0043] When the preset fracture structure 3 is set as a groove, on the surface of the protective housing 2, a groove with a certain depth, width, and shape is precisely fabricated by means of machining or die forming. The depth and width of the groove need to be determined through rigorous mechanical calculations based on factors such as the maximum pressure that may be generated inside the spray gun 1 and the material strength of the protective housing 2. The shape design should ensure that under the action of pressure, the stress can be concentrated at the boundary of the groove, guiding the fracture to occur along the predetermined direction. For example, for a spray gun 1 with relatively uniform pressure, a continuous annular groove can be designed; if the pressure distribution has a specific direction, linear or segmented grooves are used.

[0044] When the preset fracture structure 3 is set as a hollowed-out area, regular or irregular hollowed-out areas are created on the protective housing 2 by using processes such as laser cutting and stamping. The size, shape, and distribution density of the hollowed-out areas should be planned according to the distribution law of the internal pressure of the spray gun 1 and the overall strength requirements of the protective housing 2. Generally speaking, the hollowed-out area in the pressure concentration area is relatively large and has a high density to ensure that these areas fracture first when the fracture threshold is reached, thus achieving the directional fracture effect. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the connecting parts between the hollowed-out areas still have a certain strength to maintain the integrity of the protective housing 2 under normal circumstances.

[0045] When the preset fracture structure 3 is set as a porous thinning area, a porous structure is locally formed on the protective housing 2 by using techniques such as chemical corrosion and micro-drilling, and the thickness of this area is appropriately thinned. The diameter, spacing of the holes, and the degree of thinning need to be accurately set by simulating and analyzing the internal pressure change of the spray gun 1 and combining with the material characteristics of the protective housing 2. Ensure that when the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the porous thinning area becomes the weak link in the structure, fractures first, and the fracture direction is controlled by the distribution of the holes and the boundary of the thinning area, achieving directional fracture.

[0046] The preset fracture structure 3 can trigger fracture quickly and reliably when the internal pressure of the spray gun 1 reaches the precisely set fracture threshold. This precise pressure response mechanism ensures that when a fire occurs and the internal pressure of the spray gun 1 reaches a dangerous level, the device can start the spraying function in a timely manner, avoiding affecting the fire extinguishing and airtight effects due to premature or delayed activation. The characteristic of directional fracture along the boundary enables the protective shell 2 to form an opening with a specific shape and size after fracture. This can ensure that materials such as resin and foaming agent sprayed from the spray gun 1 can be sprayed out in a predetermined direction and range, more effectively covering the fire area, improving the utilization efficiency of the materials, and enhancing the airtight and fire extinguishing effects. For example, the opening formed by directional fracture can make the materials be concentrated and sprayed in the direction of the most intense fire, quickly blocking the spread path of the fire.

[0047] The three setting methods of grooves, hollowed-out areas or porous thinning areas can be flexibly selected and optimized according to factors such as the environmental characteristics of different tunnels, the installation position and usage requirements of the spray gun 1, and the material and manufacturing process of the protective shell 2. It has wide applicability and can meet the requirements of tunnel fire emergency airtight devices under various complex working conditions.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the resin storage tank 4, the foaming agent storage tank 5, and the air pump 6 are connected to the inside of the spray gun 1 through a parallel three-channel pipeline 12. The spray gun 1 is composed of a spray port and a mixing chamber 11. The input end of the mixing chamber 11 is connected to the parallel three-channel pipeline 12, and the output end is connected to the spray port. A flow controller 14 is installed between the parallel three-channel pipeline 12 and the mixing chamber 11, and a spiral mixer 13 is configured in the mixing chamber 11. The spiral mixer 13 can dynamically adjust the mixing ratio of the resin and the foaming agent.

[0049] According to the relative positions of the resin storage tank 4, the foaming agent storage tank 5, and the air pump 6 and the spray gun 1, reasonably plan the routing of the parallel three-channel pipeline 12. Select pipeline materials that meet the requirements of pressure resistance and corrosion resistance to ensure that there will be no leakage or damage during transportation. Connect the three ports of the three-channel pipeline to the output interfaces of the resin storage tank 4, the foaming agent storage tank 5, and the air pump 6 respectively, ensuring tight connection and good sealing.

[0050] For the mixing chamber 11 of the spray gun 1, its volume and internal structure should be precisely designed according to the required mixing effect and spraying flow rate. The connection part between the input end of the mixing chamber 11 and the parallel three-channel pipeline 12 should adopt a special sealing and shunting structure to enable the three substances to enter the mixing chamber 11 evenly. The design of the spray port needs to consider factors such as spraying distance, coverage range, and spraying angle. By optimizing the shape and size of the port, ensure that the mixed materials can be sprayed out at an appropriate speed and form.

[0051] Install a flow controller 14 at a suitable position between the parallel three-channel pipeline 12 and the mixing chamber 11. The flow controller 14 should have high-precision flow monitoring and adjustment functions, and be able to adjust the flow rates of resin, foaming agent, and gas in real time according to the signals sent by the control unit. During installation, ensure that the flow controller 14 is tightly connected to the pipeline, and its sensor can accurately sense the flow rate changes of materials and gas.

[0052] Inside the mixing chamber 11, install the spiral mixer 13 at a position where it can fully stir the resin and foaming agent. Parameters such as the blade shape, pitch, and rotation speed of the spiral mixer 13 need to be optimized according to the physical properties of the resin and foaming agent, the required mixing ratio, and the size of the mixing chamber 11. Drive the spiral mixer 13 through a motor so that it can dynamically mix the resin and foaming agent during the material flow process to ensure the accuracy and stability of the mixing ratio.

[0053] By configuring the spiral mixer 13 inside the mixing chamber 11, the resin and foaming agent can be fully stirred, realizing dynamic adjustment of the mixing ratio. This ensures that the two substances can be evenly mixed under different working conditions, thereby producing high-quality foam materials and improving the sealing and fire extinguishing effects. For example, at the initial stage of a fire and when the fire is large, the mixing ratio can be adjusted according to actual needs to make the foam material better meet the requirements of fire extinguishing and blocking the fire.

[0054] The setting of the flow controller 14 enables the flow rates of resin, foaming agent, and gas to be precisely adjusted. According to the data collected by the data acquisition unit and the control signals sent by the control unit, the flow controller 14 can adjust the flow rates of various substances in real time to ensure that the material ratio in the mixing chamber 11 is always in the best state. This not only improves the utilization efficiency of materials, avoids waste, but also further enhances the fire extinguishing and sealing performance of the device.

[0055] The design of the parallel three-channel pipeline 12 ensures that resin, foaming agent, and gas can be independently and stably transported to the mixing chamber 11 of the spray gun 1. This design avoids mutual interference between different substances and ensures that each substance can enter the mixing chamber 11 with a stable flow rate and pressure, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the operation of the entire device.

[0056] The dynamic adjustment function of the mixing ratio by the spiral mixer 13 and the precise control of the flow rate by the flow controller 14 enable the device to flexibly adapt to different fire situations in the tunnel. Whether it is a small fire or a large-scale fire, the mixing ratio and flow rate can be adjusted to provide the most suitable foam material, enhancing the device's ability to respond to complex fire scenarios.

[0057] The spiral mixer 13 is arranged in the mixing chamber 11 for spiral mixing to fully mix the resin and the foaming agent before spraying. Moreover, a liquid-repellent coating is provided on the inner wall of the mixing chamber 11 to improve the mixing efficiency of the resin and the foaming agent.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the data acquisition unit is composed of a camera 7, an auxiliary lighting device 8, a smoke detector 9, and a gas composition analyzer 10 arranged on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel. These devices work together to collect data on the fire location, smoke concentration, and toxic gas in real time. Moreover, the camera, the auxiliary lighting device 8, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 are all installed on the roof of the tunnel section where the spray gun 1 is located.

[0059] Setting of the camera 7: Select an installation position on the roof of the tunnel section to ensure that the camera's field of view can cover a large range of the tunnel space without obvious obstruction. Fix the camera to the roof using a special installation bracket, and the bracket should have good seismic resistance and adjustment functions to fine-tune the camera's angle according to actual needs. Connect the power supply and data transmission lines of the camera to ensure stable power supply and real-time data transmission to the control unit. At the same time, debug the parameters of the camera, such as focal length, sensitivity, etc., so that it can clearly capture the thermal imaging picture during a fire and accurately determine the fire location.

[0060] Setting of the auxiliary lighting device 8: Install the auxiliary lighting device 8 adjacent to the camera 7 to provide sufficient light to ensure that the camera can still obtain clear images in low visibility environments such as when there is smoke. The lighting device can choose high-brightness, low-power LED lights with waterproof and dustproof performance. Similarly, fix it to the roof using an installation bracket and adjust its irradiation angle so that its light can evenly cover the camera's field of view. Connect the power supply line of the lighting device and set a suitable brightness adjustment mechanism to automatically adjust the brightness according to the ambient light to ensure that the shooting requirements can be met in different situations.

[0061] Setting of the smoke detector 9: Evenly distribute the smoke detectors 9 on the roof of the tunnel section, determine the installation quantity according to the length and width of the tunnel, and ensure that the smoke situation in the tunnel can be comprehensively monitored. Use fixing devices such as expansion bolts to firmly install the smoke detector 9 on the roof to ensure its stability and reliability. Connect the signal transmission line of the smoke detector 9 to the control unit, calibrate the detector and test its sensitivity so that it can accurately sense the change in smoke concentration and timely feedback the data to the control unit.

[0062] Gas composition analyzer 10 installation: Select a location with good ventilation that can represent the overall gas environment inside the tunnel. Install the gas composition analyzer 10 on the roof of the tunnel cross-section. Fix the analyzer with professional installation fittings to ensure its stable installation. Connect the sampling pipeline of the analyzer so that it can effectively collect gas samples inside the tunnel. At the same time, connect the power supply and data transmission lines to ensure the normal operation of the analyzer and real-time transmission of the detected toxic gas data to the control unit. Calibrate and maintain the analyzer regularly to ensure the accuracy of its detection data.

[0063] The camera 7 can visually present the fire location. The auxiliary lighting device 8 ensures the shooting effect of the camera in complex environments. The smoke detector 9 monitors the smoke concentration in real time, and the gas composition analyzer 10 detects toxic gas data. Multiple devices work together to provide comprehensive and accurate data for the control unit, enabling it to more accurately judge the fire situation.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present application, the core of the control unit is the information processing system 18. This system is respectively connected to the air pump 6, the camera 7, the auxiliary lighting device 8, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 to obtain various data information. Based on these data information, the information processing system 18 sends control signals to the air pump 6 and the flow controller 14. At the same time, the control unit establishes a connection with the monitoring room of the bridge and tunnel office to which the tunnel belongs, analyzes the module data with the help of machine learning algorithms, generates spray parameter instructions for the spray gun 1, and then remotely controls the air pump 6 and the flow controller 14, and realizes real-time monitoring and remote regulation of the entire device through Internet of Things technology.

[0065] Select a powerful industrial computer as the hardware carrier of the information processing system 18 to ensure that it has sufficient computing power and memory capacity to handle the rapid processing of a large amount of data. According to the number of connected devices, configure the corresponding number of communication interface expansion cards, such as RS485, Ethernet interface cards, etc., to ensure stable connection with devices such as the air pump 6, various detectors, and analyzers.

[0066] Use special data transmission cables to connect the signal output interfaces of the camera 7, the auxiliary lighting device 8, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 to the corresponding input interfaces of the information processing system 18 respectively. For the air pump 6, if it has an intelligent control interface, it is also connected to the information processing system 18 through a suitable cable; if it is an ordinary air pump 6, the start and stop control of the air pump 6 is achieved by connecting a control relay and controlling the opening and closing of the relay by the information processing system 18.

[0067] The camera is installed on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel through an adjustable bracket. This bracket has the function of adjusting the shooting angle of the camera, aiming to enable the camera to cover the spraying range of the spray gun 1 and the entire area of the tunnel cross-section. At the same time, the camera, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 will transmit the collected images and detection data back to the monitoring room, and the monitoring room uses these data to analyze the fire source location and fire situation in real time, providing data support for the control system.

[0068] Install specially developed control software in the information processing system 18. This software includes functional modules such as data acquisition, analysis and processing, instruction generation, and equipment control. Configure the parameters of the data acquisition module so that it can accurately identify and receive the data formats and contents transmitted by each device. Set up the analysis and processing module, introduce a machine learning algorithm library, and train and optimize the algorithm according to the historical data and simulated scenario data of tunnel fires to accurately analyze the currently collected data and generate reasonable control instructions. In the equipment control module, set the control protocols and parameters corresponding to the air pump 6 and the flow controller 14 to ensure that control signals can be accurately sent.

[0069] Connect the information processing system 18 to the server in the monitoring room of the bridge and tunnel office through a high-speed network link, such as an optical fiber. Configure the network communication protocol and security authentication mechanism on both devices to ensure the security and stability of data transmission. In the monitoring software in the monitoring room of the bridge and tunnel office, set up a data interaction interface with the control unit information processing system 18 to achieve data sharing and the integration of the remote control operation interface.

[0070] Integrate an Internet of Things communication module, such as a 4G / 5G communication module or a LoRa module, in the information processing system 18, and select a suitable communication method according to the network coverage situation at the tunnel site. Configure the Internet of Things communication parameters, including access point information, data encryption methods, etc., to ensure that the control unit can upload real-time data to the cloud platform through the Internet of Things and receive control instructions sent by remote users through the cloud platform to achieve remote monitoring and regulation.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present application, pressure sensors and level sensors are respectively provided on the resin storage tank 4 and the foaming agent storage tank 5. These sensors can monitor in real time the storage volume of the materials in the storage tank (through the level sensor) and the pumping pressure (through the pressure sensor), and transmit the monitored signals to the information processing system 18 of the control unit for real-time monitoring of the status of the storage tank. Openings are made at positions near the bottom of the resin storage tank 4 and the foaming agent storage tank 5 that are convenient for installation and maintenance, and this position should accurately reflect the pressure condition when the materials in the tank are being pumped. Usually, the side of the tank body near the discharge port is selected, avoiding installation in areas prone to vortex or large pressure fluctuations. The pressure sensor is tightly fixed to the opening of the tank body using a matching mounting flange to ensure a good seal at the connection and prevent material leakage. During the installation process, attention should be paid to the installation direction of the sensor to ensure that its pressure sensing surface is in direct contact with the materials in the tank and can accurately sense the pressure changes.

[0072] The level sensor can be installed vertically downward into the tank from the top of the tank body, or installed at an appropriate height on the side of the tank body. For the level sensor installed at the top, it is necessary to ensure that it can detect the liquid level vertically and without obstruction; when installed on the side, the installation height needs to be accurately calculated according to the shape of the tank body and the liquid level measurement range to ensure that the entire liquid level range can be accurately measured.

[0073] If it is installed at the top, the probe of the level sensor can be slowly inserted into the tank to an appropriate depth by means of threaded connection or flange connection, ensuring firm fixation and no shaking that may affect the measurement accuracy. When installed on the side, first make an opening on the side of the tank body, and then install the level sensor at the opening using a sealing washer and fastening bolts to ensure a tight seal during installation and prevent material leakage.

[0074] By monitoring the pumping pressure and the material storage volume in the storage tank in real time through the pressure sensor and the level sensor, the staff can understand the working status of the storage tank at any time on the interface of the information processing system 18. This helps to promptly discover potential problems. For example, an abnormal increase in pressure may mean that the discharge pipeline is blocked, and a too low liquid level indicates that materials need to be replenished, thus avoiding affecting the normal operation of the device due to equipment failures or material shortages.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present application, at least three spray guns 1 are arranged on the same cross-section of the tunnel. These spray guns 1 are respectively installed at the springing of the tunnel, at the roof, and on the side walls, forming an annular or symmetric distribution layout. The spray guns 1 with annular distribution are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel through the hollowed-out brackets 15, and the hollowed-out structure of the brackets can reduce the wind resistance. In addition, a pneumatic device 16 is connected to the air pump 6, and this pneumatic device 16 can convert wind energy into the power of the air pump 6. The nozzle angle and spraying pressure of the spray gun 1 can be adjusted according to the specific situation of the fire, so as to achieve effective coverage of the tunnel cross-section. According to the structural characteristics of the tunnel and the distribution of possible fire locations, accurately determine the installation positions of the spray guns 1 on the same cross-section of the tunnel. At the springing, select a stable position close to the intersection of the bottom of the tunnel and the side wall to ensure that the spray gun 1 is firmly installed and the spraying direction can effectively cover the bottom area of the tunnel; at the roof, install it at the center line of the tunnel top or at symmetrically distributed positions according to needs to ensure that it can spray downward to cover the middle and upper spaces of the tunnel; on the side walls, select appropriate heights and intervals so that the spray gun 1 can spray on the side walls and surrounding areas of the tunnel. Through reasonable layout, the spraying ranges of the spray guns 1 are connected to each other to form a comprehensive coverage of the tunnel cross-section.

[0076] Customize the hollowed-out brackets 15 according to the installation positions of the spray guns 1 and the shape of the inner wall of the tunnel. The brackets are made of materials with high strength and corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel. The design of the hollowed-out structure needs to comprehensively consider reducing wind resistance and ensuring the bearing capacity of the brackets. Through mechanical calculations and simulation analyses, determine the shape, size, and distribution of the hollows. For example, use regular-shaped hollow patterns such as rhombuses and circles, and evenly distribute them on the surface of the brackets.

[0077] Select a suitable specification of the pneumatic device 16 according to the power requirement of the air pump 6 and the wind energy resources in the tunnel. The pneumatic device 16 generally includes a wind turbine, an energy conversion and storage unit, and a power transmission component connecting to the air pump 6. Install the wind turbine at a position in the tunnel with good ventilation, stable wind speed, and no impact on traffic, such as near the ventilation opening at the tunnel top. Ensure that the wind turbine is firmly installed through brackets and shock-absorbing devices, and can stably capture wind energy.

[0078] Convert and store the electric energy or mechanical energy generated by the wind turbine through the energy conversion and storage unit, and then connect it to the power input interface of the air pump 6 through power transmission components such as drive shafts, belts, or cables. During the installation process, ensure that the power transmission components are tightly connected, the transmission is smooth, and the energy conversion and storage unit works stably, and can efficiently convert wind energy into the power required by the air pump 6.

[0079] The spray gun 1 forms an annular or symmetric distribution on the tunnel cross-section, and can spray materials such as resin and foaming agent into the fire area from multiple angles simultaneously, achieving a comprehensive coverage of the tunnel cross-section. The spray guns 1 at different positions cooperate with each other, enabling the materials to be more evenly distributed at the fire scene, quickly forming an effective airtight structure, blocking the spread of fire and smoke, and improving the fire extinguishing and airtight effects.

[0080] The use of the hollow support 15 effectively reduces the influence of the ventilation air flow in the tunnel on the spray gun 1 and the installation structure. In the strong air flow environment generated during normal ventilation or fire in the tunnel, the hollow structure reduces the wind resistance suffered by the support, avoiding the spray gun 1 from shaking, shifting or even being damaged due to excessive wind resistance, ensuring the stability and reliability of the installation of the spray gun 1, and enabling it to work continuously and stably.

[0081] The pneumatic device 16 converts the wind energy in the tunnel into the power of the air pump 6, realizing the rational utilization of energy. This not only reduces the dependence on external power supply, reduces energy consumption and operation costs, but also in the case of the interruption of the external power supply caused by a fire, the pneumatic device 16 can still provide power for the air pump 6, ensuring that the spray gun 1 can continue to work, and improving the emergency response ability of the tunnel fire emergency airtight device in an emergency.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present application, the resin storage tank 4 and the foaming agent storage tank 5 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel by means of a fixing frame. The distance between the chamber where the storage tank is located and the cross-section where the spray gun 1 is located does not exceed 50 meters, and they are connected to the spray gun 1 through rigid or flexible pipelines.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present application, the auxiliary lighting device 8 is coaxially arranged with the camera. The auxiliary lighting device 8 belongs to a waterproof and dustproof device, and its function is to provide a clear field of view for the spraying area in a low-light environment. Moreover, the lighting device has an intelligent adjustment function and can automatically adjust the brightness according to the light intensity in the tunnel. The coaxial arrangement of the auxiliary lighting device 8 and the camera ensures that the lighting light can evenly and accurately illuminate the shooting area of the camera. Especially in a low-light environment, such as when there is thick smoke during a fire causing dim light, it can provide sufficient and uniform light for the camera, enabling the camera to obtain clear images of the spraying area.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present application, the control unit includes a relay group and a signal transmission module. The relay group undertakes the key responsibilities of controlling the start and stop of the air pump 6 and the injection valve of the spray gun 1. The signal transmission module is responsible for transmitting the image and data signals collected by the camera, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 to the information processing system 18 in real time. In addition, the control unit uses a machine learning algorithm based on a convolutional neural network. The input data of this algorithm includes historical fire scene data and real-time sensor data, and the final output is a three-dimensional heat map of the optimal injection pressure and angle, mixing ratio, and coverage range.

[0085] The relay group can accurately control the start and stop of the air pump 6 and the opening and closing of the injection valve of the spray gun 1, ensuring that in case of a fire, the air pump 6 can be started in time to provide power for the spray gun 1, and the spray gun 1 can accurately spray materials according to the control instructions, improving the response speed and control accuracy of the device, and effectively enhancing the timeliness and accuracy of fire extinguishing and airtight work.

[0086] The signal transmission module ensures that the data collected by the camera, the smoke detector 9, and the gas composition analyzer 10 can be transmitted to the information processing system 18 in real time and stably.

[0087] The machine learning algorithm based on a convolutional neural network can output a three-dimensional heat map of the optimal injection parameters and coverage range through the analysis of historical fire scenes and real-time sensor data.

[0088] In an embodiment of the present application, a leakage self-checking device 17 is provided between the flow controller 14 and the parallel three-channel pipeline 12. And this device is equipped with a self-checking module, which will automatically trigger an airtightness test and a pipeline blockage detection every 24 hours, and upload the test results to the monitoring system in the monitoring room.

[0089] According to the working pressure, pipe diameter, conveying medium and other parameters of the flow controller 14 and the parallel three-channel pipeline 12, a suitable leakage self-checking device 17 is selected. The leakage self-checking device 17 is installed on the connecting pipeline between the flow controller 14 and the parallel three-channel pipeline 12. The signal output line of the leakage self-checking device 17 is connected to the signal acquisition interface of the control unit. The leakage self-checking device 17 and the self-checking module can regularly detect the pipeline system and timely discover leaks and blockages in the pipeline. Through regular airtightness tests and pipeline blockage detections, potential safety hazards of the equipment, such as aging of seals and pipeline wear, can be discovered in time. The self-checking module uploads the test results to the monitoring system in the monitoring room, and maintenance personnel can understand the operating status and test results of the equipment in real time.

[0090] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0091] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present application. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An emergency airtight device for tunnel fires, characterized in that, The tunnel fire emergency sealing device includes: A spraying unit, which includes several spray guns (1) distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel. A protective housing (2) is arranged outside the spray gun (1), and a preset fracture structure (3) is arranged on the protective housing (2); the preset fracture structure (3) will fracture to generate an opening when the internal pressure of the protective housing (2) reaches a preset fracture threshold. A mixed feeding unit, which includes a resin storage tank (4), a foaming agent storage tank (5) and an air pump (6) communicated with the spray gun (1). A data acquisition unit, which is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel and is used for collecting and outputting data information. And a control unit respectively connected to the mixed feeding unit and the data acquisition unit. The control unit is used for sending a control signal to the mixed feeding unit according to the data information.

2. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset fracture structure (3) is set as one of a groove, a hollow area or a porous thinning area on the protective housing (2); when the pressure inside the spray gun (1) reaches the preset fracture threshold, the preset fracture structure (3) fractures directionally along the boundary.

3. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resin storage tank (4), the foaming agent storage tank (5) and the air pump (6) are connected to the inside of the spray gun (1) through a parallel three-channel pipeline (12). The spray gun (1) includes a spraying port and a mixing chamber (11). The input end of the mixing chamber (11) is communicated with the parallel three-channel pipeline (12), and the output end of the mixing chamber (11) is communicated with the spraying port. A flow controller (14) is arranged between the parallel three-channel pipeline (12) and the mixing chamber (11), and a spiral mixer (13) is arranged in the mixing chamber (11); the spiral mixer (13) is used for dynamically adjusting the mixing ratio of the resin and the foaming agent.

4. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit includes: a camera (7), an auxiliary lighting device (8), a smoke detector (9) and a gas component analyzer (10) arranged at the top of the inner wall of the tunnel.

5. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit includes: an information processing system, which is respectively connected to the air pump (6), the camera (7), the auxiliary lighting device (8), the smoke detector (9) and the gas component analyzer (10) to obtain the data information. The information processing system is used for sending the control signal to the air pump (6) and the flow controller (14) according to the data information.

6. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 4, wherein Pressure sensors and liquid level sensors are arranged on the resin storage tank (4) and the foaming agent storage tank (5) for real-time monitoring of the material storage and pumping pressure.

7. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least three spray guns (1) are arranged on the same cross-section of the tunnel, and are respectively installed at the arch foot of the tunnel, the roof of the tunnel and the side wall of the tunnel, forming a layout of circular or symmetric distribution. The annularly distributed spray guns (1) are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel by means of a hollowed-out support (15). The hollowed-out structure of the hollowed-out support (15) can reduce wind resistance, and a pneumatic device (16) is connected to the air pump (6). The pneumatic device (16) can convert wind energy into the power of the air pump (6).

8. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The auxiliary lighting device (8) is coaxially arranged with the camera (7), and the auxiliary lighting device (8) is configured as a waterproof and dustproof device.

9. The emergency airtight device for tunnel fire according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control unit further includes a relay group and a signal transmission module. The relay group is used to control the start and stop of the air pump (6) and the spray valve of the spray gun (1), and the signal transmission module is used to transmit the image and data signals of the camera (7), the smoke detector (9) and the gas composition analyzer (10) to the information processing system in real time.

10. The tunnel fire emergency airtight device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A leakage self-checking device (17) is arranged between the flow controller (14) and the parallel three-channel pipeline (12).

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