Tunnel wall surface self-cleaning system based on electrostatic adsorption principle and design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel cleaning, discloses a tunnel wall surface self-cleaning system based on an electrostatic adsorption principle and a design method, and aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and large potential safety hazard of traditional tunnel cleaning. The system comprises a solar power supply system, an automatic control system and a dust removal system, wherein the automatic control system detects dust concentration by using a laser particulate matter sensor and dynamically adjusts dust removal voltage in combination with a fuzzy PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm; according to the dust removal system, an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collection plate is adopted to be matched with a tunnel curved surface structure, efficient dust removal is achieved through a vibrator and a dust collection box, and a humidity regulation and control function is integrated to inhibit reentrainment of dust. Organic integration of new energy power supply and intelligent dust removal is creatively achieved, the tunnel cleaning system has the advantages of being compact in structure, high in adaptability, capable of saving energy and environmentally friendly, the automation and intelligence level of tunnel cleaning work is remarkably improved, the operation cost is reduced, and an efficient, economical and sustainable solution is provided for tunnel environment governance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel cleaning, and particularly relates to a self-cleaning system for tunnel walls and a design method based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption. Background Art

[0002] The cleanliness of the tunnel environment is extremely important for ensuring driving safety and comfort. Ventilation facilities, lighting facilities, monitoring facilities, etc. are installed in the tunnel, and these facilities can generally function well only in a clean environment. If the tunnel is filled with dust for a long time and dust particles float everywhere, the service life of the fan, lighting facilities, etc. may decrease, the light transmittance of the air in the tunnel will decrease, the lighting efficiency will decrease, and the working reliability of various detectors will decrease. Therefore, only through effective cleaning and maintenance can the good service quality of the tunnel be maintained and a good traffic environment be provided for vehicles.

[0003] However, compared with other highway structures, the tunnel is long and tubular, and pollutants such as soot are not easily dispersed and are easily attached to the surface of the lining structure. Over time, it will cause the tunnel surface to be dirty. Traditional tunnel cleaning mainly relies on manual flushing or mechanical sweeping, which has problems such as low efficiency, high cost, high operation safety risks, and traffic interference.

[0004] In this context, electrostatic dust removal has become an effective means of removing dust particles in soot. However, existing electrostatic dust removal devices are mostly used in industrial flue gas, with complex structures, large volumes, difficult to adapt to the tunnel curved surface structure, and there are safety hazards in the high-voltage power supply system in a closed space. At the same time, there is a lack of an adaptive control mechanism for tunnel dust concentration, which seriously affects the automation and intelligence of tunnel cleaning operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a self-cleaning system for tunnel walls integrating an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collecting plate, intelligent dust concentration detection, and solar power supply, which has the characteristics of compact structure, adapting to the tunnel environment, intelligent concentration feedback, high-efficiency dust removal, and green economy.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A self-cleaning system for tunnel walls based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption. The self-cleaning system for tunnel walls includes a solar power supply system, an automatic control system, and a dust removal system. The solar power supply system is arranged outside the tunnel and is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system by wire. The automatic control system includes a number of detection probes arranged at intervals of 50 m on the inner side walls of the tunnel. A central controller installed in the distribution room at the tunnel entrance or the centralized control room is connected to the detection probes by wire. The central controller is connected to the dust removal system by wire through a high-frequency inverter transformer. The dust removal system includes a number of conductive fiber dust collection plates longitudinally and continuously laid along the inner side walls on both sides of the tunnel, a number of vibrators arranged at intervals of 20 m along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at the corners where the two side walls of the tunnel meet the inspection road, a dust collection box arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and capable of collecting the dust shed by vibration, and a silicone rubber strip insulator arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel between the conductive fiber dust collection plates and the dust collection box.

[0008] Further, the solar power supply system includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a controller, a storage battery, and a power distribution network. The solar photovoltaic panel is located at the top of the tunnel entrance and exit and is installed at an inclination angle of 15°. The controller and the storage battery are located in the distribution room at the tunnel entrance. The storage battery is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel by wire through the controller. The storage battery is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system through the power distribution network laid in pipes along the side wall of the tunnel inspection road.

[0009] Further, the solar photovoltaic panel adopts a double-glass monocrystalline silicon module. The efficiency of the double-glass monocrystalline silicon module is ≥22%, the single-group power is 600 Wp, and it has an n+1 redundant configuration. The controller adopts a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D analog-to-digital converter for precise control of the charge and discharge conditions. The storage battery adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery pack. The capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is 50 kWh, the cycle life is ≥3000 times, the charge and discharge efficiency is >95%, and it integrates a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200 kW. The cable of the power distribution network is selected as a YJV62-26 / 35 kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cable, which can withstand 100 kA and an 8 / 20 μs waveform.

[0010] Further, the detection probe is internally provided with a laser particle sensor with an accuracy of ±5 μg / m 3 to accurately capture the change of dust concentration. The central controller adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, which intelligently adjusts the voltage response speed according to the dust concentration gradient. The ripple coefficient of the high-frequency inverter transformer is ≤1%, and it is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency >5 times / min.

[0011] Furthermore, the conductive fiber dust collecting plate covers the side walls on both sides of the tunnel inner wall within a range of 40-50° arc, and its distance from the tunnel side wall surface is ≤ 2 mm; the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is an arc-shaped plate made of carbon fiber or nano silver wire composite conductive film, with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a surface resistance of ≤ 20 Ω / sq, and a surface coated with fluorosilicon modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf-like effect; the vibrator uses a micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration driven by an electric vibrator, with a frequency of 700 times / min and a duration of 1 minute.

[0012] Furthermore, the cross-section of the dust collection box is L-shaped, and a humidity sensor and a humidifier are installed inside; the trigger threshold of the humidity sensor is 20%, and when the humidity < 20%, the humidifier is started to maintain the dust humidity in the box at 20% - 50%.

[0013] A design method for a tunnel wall self-cleaning system, which is aimed at the above-mentioned tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, and this design method for the tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: Based on the tunnel parameters, analyze the diffusion law of pollutants in the tunnel through CFD fluid simulation, and combine the finite element electric field simulation to determine the coverage arc α and thickness of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate. Taking the dust removal efficiency ≥ 90% and the lowest energy consumption as the goals, solve the optimal voltage combination.

[0015] Step S2: According to the NASA photovoltaic irradiance data, simulate and calculate the capacity of the storage battery of the solar power supply system to ensure the power supply redundancy for 7 consecutive rainy days.

[0016] Step S3: Establish the mapping relationship between the dust concentration gradient C and the dust removal voltage of the high-frequency inverter transformer through the fuzzy PID algorithm of the central controller to achieve dynamic adjustment.

[0017] Furthermore, the CFD simulation parameters in Step S1 include: traffic volume, ventilation wind speed, and vehicle braking dust emissions; the finite element simulation outputs the dust removal efficiency surface of the thickness - coverage arc - voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate, and select the working conditions with an efficiency ≥ 90% and an energy consumption ≤ 5 kW.

[0018] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the dust concentration gradient C in Step S3 is:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, C is the change rate of the dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time, reflecting the dynamic change trend of dust pollution; represents the change amount of the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; It represents the change in PM10 particle concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration detections;

[0021] When C>10mg / m 3 h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is increased to 35V through the central controller to control the high-frequency inverter transformer;

[0022] When 2≤C<10mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is controlled by the central controller to control the high-frequency inverter transformer to maintain it at 20V;

[0023] When C<2mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is reduced to 5V through the high-frequency inverter transformer controlled by the central controller.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention provides a tunnel wall self-cleaning system and design method based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, which has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Strong adaptability: The electrostatic dust collection structure on the tunnel side wall adopts an arc-shaped conductive fiber dust collection plate, which breaks through the limitations of traditional flat-plate dust collection and perfectly adapts to the curved surface structure of the tunnel, effectively solving the problem that ceiling-type, bypass-type and shaft-type electrostatic dust removal stations are bulky and difficult to install.

[0027] 2. Intelligent and efficient: Through the dynamic coupling control model of dust concentration gradient and electric field strength, combined with fuzzy PID algorithm, intelligent adjustment of dust removal voltage and optimization of start-stop cycle are realized, while ensuring dust removal efficiency ≥ 90% and reducing energy consumption ≤ 5kW, significantly saving operating costs.

[0028] 3. Green and environmentally friendly: The integrated solar power supply system uses double-glass monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels and lithium iron phosphate battery packs, combined with supercapacitor modules, to ensure power supply redundancy for 7 consecutive days of rainy weather, achieve green and low-carbon operation, and comply with the concept of sustainable development.

[0029] 4. Safe and reliable: Equipped with high-frequency inverter transformer and arc detection module, it will automatically reduce the operating capacity when the discharge frequency is too high to ensure system safety; the dust collection box has a built-in humidity sensor and humidification system to maintain the dust humidity at 20%-50%, avoid secondary dusting, and improve environmental protection performance.

[0030] 5. High economy: Design parameters are optimized through CFD fluid simulation and finite element electric field simulation to balance dust removal efficiency and energy consumption; the vibrator and dust collection box work together to reduce the frequency of manual maintenance and reduce long-term operating costs.

[0031] In summary, the present invention realizes the organic integration of new energy power supply and dust removal system. By combining the solar power supply system with the tunnel wall self-cleaning system, the characteristics of green, low-carbon, economical and efficient are achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of each subsystem of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure, 1 - solar power supply system, 11 - solar photovoltaic panel, 12 - controller, 13 - storage battery, 14 - power distribution network; 2 - automatic control system, 21 - detection probe, 22 - central controller, 23 - high-frequency inverter transformer; 3 - dust removal system, 31 - conductive fiber dust collection plate, 32 - vibrator, 33 - dust collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. can be used here to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and another element or feature. It should be understood that in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, the spatial terms are intended to include different orientations during the use or operation of the device. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, the element described as being "below" other elements or features will be located "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term "lower" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device can be positioned in other ways, and the spatial relative descriptions used here can be interpreted accordingly.

[0038] Aiming at the problems of low traditional tunnel cleaning efficiency, high cost and great potential safety hazards, this embodiment provides a tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the tunnel wall self-cleaning system mainly includes a solar power supply system 1, an automatic control system 2 and a dust removal system 3.

[0039] Among them, the solar power supply system 1 is arranged outside the tunnel and is wired to the automatic control system 2 and the dust removal system 3. In this embodiment, the solar power supply system 1 provides green and reliable energy support for the entire tunnel wall self-cleaning system, solving the problems of high energy consumption and poor economy of traditional cleaning methods. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the solar power supply system 1 includes a solar photovoltaic panel 11, a controller 12, a storage battery 13, and a power distribution network 14. The solar photovoltaic panel 11 is located at the top of the tunnel entrance and exit, and is installed at a 15° inclination angle; the solar photovoltaic panel 11 uses a double-glass monocrystalline silicon module, the efficiency of the double-glass monocrystalline silicon module is ≥22%, the single-group power is 600Wp, and it has an n+1 redundant configuration to ensure power supply stability. The controller 12 and the storage battery 13 are located in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance. The controller 12 uses a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D analog-to-digital converter to precisely control the charging and discharging conditions; the storage battery 13 uses a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, the capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is 50kWh, the cycle life is ≥3000 times, the charge and discharge efficiency is >95%, and it integrates a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200kW to meet the instantaneous high-power demand; the storage battery 13 is wired to the solar photovoltaic panel 11 through the controller 12, and the storage battery 13 is connected to the automatic control system 2 and the dust removal system 3 through the power distribution network 14 laid along the side wall of the tunnel maintenance road through pipes. The cable of the power distribution network 14 is selected as the YJV62-26 / 35kV type cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cable, which can withstand 100kA and an 8 / 20μs waveform, and can prevent lightning in three levels to ensure the safety of system operation.

[0040] In the solar power supply system 1, the solar photovoltaic panel 11 converts solar energy into electrical energy to provide clean energy for the entire system. The controller 12 controls the charging process of the photovoltaic panel to the storage battery 13 and adjusts the electrical energy output according to the load demand. The storage battery 13 stores the electrical energy generated by solar power to provide continuous power support for the system. The power distribution network 14 safely and stably transports the electrical energy to each subsystem.

[0041] The automatic control system 2 in this embodiment realizes the real-time monitoring and dynamic regulation of the dust concentration in the tunnel through intelligent means, significantly improving the dust removal efficiency and reducing the system operation cost. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the automatic control system 2 includes a number of detection probes 21 arranged at intervals of 50m on the side walls of the inner wall of the tunnel; the detection probes 21 are built-in with an accuracy of ±5μg / m 3The laser particulate matter sensor accurately captures changes in dust concentration. The detection probe 21 monitors the dust concentration in the tunnel in real time, namely PM2.5 and PM10, as well as the electric field strength, and transmits the data to the central controller 22. The central controller 22 is installed in the power distribution room at the tunnel entrance or the centralized control room, and is wired to the detection probe 21. The central controller 22 uses an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, which intelligently adjusts the voltage response speed according to the dust concentration gradient. The central controller 22 receives the data from the detection probe 21 and dynamically adjusts the working voltage and start-stop cycle of the dust removal system 3. The central controller 22 is wired to the dust removal system 3 through a high-frequency inverter transformer 23. The ripple factor of the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 is ≤1%, and it is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency > 5 times / min. The high-frequency inverter transformer 23 boosts the low-voltage direct current to a high voltage suitable for electrostatic adsorption: 0 - 30 kV DC.

[0042] In this embodiment, the dust removal system 3 realizes efficient cleaning of the tunnel wall surface through links such as electrostatic adsorption, mechanical vibration, and dust collection. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the dust removal system 3 includes a number of conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 longitudinally and continuously laid along the two side walls of the tunnel inner wall. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 cover the radian range α of the two side walls of the tunnel inner wall, and α is in the range of 40 - 50° radian. The distance between the conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 and the tunnel side wall surface is ≤2 mm, and the joints overlap by 20 mm and are sealed with conductive glue. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 are arc-shaped plates made of carbon fiber or nano silver wire composite conductive film, with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a surface resistance of ≤20 Ω / sq, and a surface coated with fluorosilicon modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf-like effect. The conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 capture dust particles in the air through electrostatic adsorption to achieve gas-dust separation. The dust removal system 3 also includes a number of vibrators 32 located at the corners where the two side walls of the tunnel meet the inspection road and arranged at intervals of 20 m along the tunnel longitudinal direction. The vibrators 32 use micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration driven by an electric vibrator, with a frequency of 700 times / min and a duration of 1 minute. The dust adsorbed on the collection plate is shed through mechanical vibration for easy collection. Considering dust collection, in this embodiment, a dust collection box 33 that can collect the dust shed by vibration is arranged longitudinally along the tunnel. The cross-section of the dust collection box 33 is L-shaped, with a bottom plate length of 40 cm and a baffle height of 20 cm, for collecting the dust shed by vibration. In addition, to ensure the safety of the system, in this embodiment, a silicone rubber strip insulator is arranged longitudinally between the conductive fiber dust collection plates 31 and the dust collection box 33. The silicone rubber strip insulator has a withstand voltage level of ≥10 kV / cm, and the corrugated groove design enhances the creepage distance ≥200 mm. The silicone rubber strip insulator can isolate the high-voltage dust collection plate from the dust collection box 33 to prevent electric leakage or short circuit, thereby ensuring the safety of the system.

[0043] Further, as a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, a humidity sensor and a humidifier are also installed inside the dust collection box 33 in this embodiment, which are not shown in the figure; the humidifier is wired to the humidity sensor. The humidity sensor monitors the humidity inside the box in real time, and its trigger threshold is 20%. When the humidity < 20%, the humidifier is started to maintain the dust humidity inside the box at 20% - 50%, suppressing secondary dust flying; through humidity regulation, secondary dust flying is effectively suppressed, improving the overall environmental protection performance.

[0044] Further, based on the above tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, this embodiment also proposes a design method for the tunnel wall self-cleaning system, as Figure 3 shown, the design method of this tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S1, parameter optimization design of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31:

[0046] First, perform CFD fluid simulation analysis:

[0047] Input tunnel parameters, including traffic volume, ventilation wind speed, vehicle braking dust emissions, etc., to simulate the diffusion law of pollutants in the tunnel. Through simulation, determine the distribution characteristics of pollutants in the tunnel cross-section, and clarify the optimal coverage arc range of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31, that is, α = 40 - 50°.

[0048] Then, perform finite element electric field simulation optimization:

[0049] Establish a relationship model between the thickness, coverage arc and working voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31, and output the dust removal efficiency surface diagram. On the premise of ensuring that the dust removal efficiency ≥ 90% and the energy consumption ≤ 5kW, select the optimal working condition combination.

[0050] For example: dust collection plate thickness: 0.3mm; coverage arc: 45°; working voltage: 20V, that is: conventional mode.

[0051] Step S2, energy storage design of the solar power supply system 1:

[0052] First, perform photovoltaic irradiance data analysis:

[0053] Utilize the NASA photovoltaic irradiance database, combined with the lighting conditions in the area where the tunnel is located, to calculate the daily average power generation of the solar photovoltaic panel 11.

[0054] Then, calculate the capacity of the storage battery 13

[0055] According to the daily average power consumption of the system and the power supply redundancy requirements for continuous 7-day rainy weather, the capacity of the battery 13 is determined to be 50 kWh, and a lithium iron phosphate battery pack is adopted with a cycle life of ≥ 3000 times. A supercapacitor module is configured with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200 kW to meet the instantaneous high-power requirements of the vibrator 32.

[0056] Step S3, intelligent dust removal control strategy design:

[0057] First, calculate the dust concentration gradient:

[0058] Collect the concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 in real time, and calculate the dust concentration gradient C using the formula; the calculation formula for the dust concentration gradient C is:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, C is the change rate of the dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time, reflecting the dynamic change trend of dust pollution; represents the change amount of the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; represents the change amount of the PM10 particulate matter concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration detections.

[0061] Then, dynamic voltage regulation:

[0062] According to the dust concentration gradient C, the dust removal voltage is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy PID algorithm of the central controller 22:

[0063] When C > 10 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is controlled by the central controller 22 to control the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 to raise it to 35 V;

[0064] When 2 ≤ C < 10 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is controlled by the central controller 22 to control the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 to maintain it at 20 V;

[0065] When C < 2 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate 31 is controlled by the central controller 22 to control the high-frequency inverter transformer 23 to lower it to 5 V.

[0066] Finally, safety protection mechanism:

[0067] The transformer is equipped with an arc detection module, and when the discharge frequency > 5 times / min, it automatically derates by 10% to operate, ensuring the safety of the system.

[0068] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning system for tunnel walls based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption, characterized in that: The tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes a solar power supply system, an automatic control system, and a dust removal system; the solar power supply system is arranged outside the tunnel and is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system by wire; the automatic control system includes several detection probes arranged at intervals of 50 m on the side walls of the inner tunnel wall, a central controller installed in the distribution room at the tunnel entrance or the centralized control room and connected to the detection probes by wire, and the central controller is connected to the dust removal system by wire through a high-frequency inverter transformer; the dust removal system includes several conductive fiber dust collection plates longitudinally and continuously laid along the two side walls of the inner tunnel wall, several vibrators arranged at intervals of 20 m longitudinally at the corners where the two side walls of the tunnel meet the inspection road, a dust collection box arranged longitudinally along the tunnel and capable of collecting the dust falling off after vibration, and a silicone rubber strip insulator arranged longitudinally between the conductive fiber dust collection plates and the dust collection box.

2. The self-cleaning system for tunnel wall surfaces based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to claim 1, wherein: The solar power supply system includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a controller, a battery, and a power distribution network; the solar photovoltaic panel is located at the top of the tunnel entrance and exit and is installed at an inclination angle of 15°; the controller and the battery are located in the distribution room at the tunnel entrance, the battery is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel by wire through the controller, and the battery is connected to the automatic control system and the dust removal system through the power distribution network laid through pipes along the side wall of the tunnel inspection road.

3. The self-cleaning system for tunnel wall surfaces based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solar photovoltaic panel adopts a double-glass monocrystalline silicon module, the efficiency of the double-glass monocrystalline silicon module is ≥22%, the single-group power is 600 Wp, and it has an n+1 redundant configuration; the controller adopts a high-speed CPU microprocessor and a high-precision A / D analog-to-digital converter to precisely control the charging and discharging conditions; the battery adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, the capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is 50 kWh, the cycle life is ≥3000 times, the charging and discharging efficiency is >95%, and it integrates a supercapacitor module with an instantaneous discharge capacity of 200 kW; the cable of the power distribution network is selected as a YJV62-26 / 35 kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated armored cable, which can withstand 100 kA and an 8 / 20 μs waveform.

4. The self-cleaning system for tunnel wall surfaces based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to claim 1, wherein: The detection probe is built-in with a laser particle sensor with an accuracy of ±5 μg / m 3 , which accurately captures the change in dust concentration; the central controller uses an industrial-grade PLC controller with a built-in fuzzy PID algorithm, which intelligently adjusts the voltage response speed according to the dust concentration gradient; the high-frequency inverter transformer has a ripple coefficient ≤1%, and is equipped with an arc detection module, which automatically derates by 10% when the discharge frequency > 5 times / min.

5. The self-cleaning system for tunnel wall surfaces based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to claim 1, wherein: For the conductive fiber dust collection plate, it covers a 40-50° radian range on the two side walls of the inner tunnel wall, and the distance between it and the tunnel side wall surface is ≤2 mm; the conductive fiber dust collection plate is an arc-shaped plate made of carbon fiber or a nano-silver wire composite conductive film, with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a surface resistance of ≤20 Ω / sq, and a surface coated with fluorosilicon-modified epoxy resin to form a lotus leaf-like effect; the vibrator adopts a micro-amplitude high-frequency vibration driven by an electric vibrator, with a frequency of 700 times / min and a duration of 1 minute.

6. The self-cleaning system for tunnel wall surfaces based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to claim 1, wherein: The cross-section of the dust collection box is L-shaped, and a humidity sensor and a humidifier are installed inside it; the trigger threshold of the humidity sensor is 20%, and when the humidity <20%, the humidifier is started to maintain the dust humidity in the box at 20% - 50%.

7. A design method for a tunnel wall self-cleaning system, the design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system being directed to the tunnel wall self-cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic adsorption according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The design method of this tunnel wall self-cleaning system includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the tunnel parameters, analyze the diffusion law of pollutants in the tunnel through CFD fluid simulation, and determine the coverage radian α and thickness of the conductive fiber dust collection plate in combination with the finite element electric field simulation. With the goal of a dust removal efficiency of ≥90% and the lowest energy consumption, solve the optimal voltage combination. Step S2: According to the NASA photovoltaic irradiance data, simulate and calculate the capacity of the battery in the solar power supply system to ensure power supply redundancy for continuous seven-day rainy weather; Step S3: Establish the mapping relationship between the dust concentration gradient C and the dust removal voltage of the high-frequency inverter transformer through the fuzzy PID algorithm of the central controller to achieve dynamic adjustment.

8. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The CFD simulation parameters in Step S1 include: traffic volume, ventilation wind speed, and vehicle braking dust emissions; the finite element simulation outputs the dust removal efficiency surface of the thickness - coverage radian - voltage of the conductive fiber dust collection plate, and select the working conditions with an efficiency ≥ 90% and an energy consumption ≤ 5 kW.

9. The design method of the tunnel wall self-cleaning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the dust concentration gradient C in Step S3 is: In the formula, C is the change rate of the dust concentration in the tunnel per unit time, reflecting the dynamic change trend of dust pollution; represents the change amount of the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; represents the change amount of the PM10 particulate matter concentration in the tunnel within the time interval Δt; Δt represents the time difference between two dust concentration detections; When C > 10 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is controlled by the central controller to control the high-frequency inverter transformer to raise it to 35 V; When 2 ≤ C < 10 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate controls the high-frequency inverter transformer through the central controller to maintain it at 20 V; When C < 2 mg / m 3 ·h, the voltage of the conductive fiber dust collecting plate is controlled by the central controller to control the high-frequency inverter transformer to reduce it to 5V.

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