A method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water

Abstract

To address the low removal efficiency of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate, two common antiviral drugs, in traditional wastewater treatment methods, this invention provides a method for treating ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water using ultraviolet photocatalysis. This invention removes ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate by adding a certain amount of TiO2 and KMnO4 to the water under ultraviolet irradiation. Results show that the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process can efficiently remove ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate, with a treatment effect far exceeding that of UV alone, UV / KMnO4, or UV / TiO2 methods, indicating a significant synergistic effect. Furthermore, since TiO2 is currently the most common photocatalytic material, and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a common oxidant, the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 method is simple, readily available, and easy to implement, making it widely applicable in engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and water treatment methods, and relates to a method for treating ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water by ultraviolet photocatalysis. Background Technology

[0002] Ribavirin (RBV) is a common antiviral drug with in vitro activity against various viruses, particularly hepatitis C. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against many RNA and DNA viruses and can be used to treat various types of viral infections. It has also shown antitumor activity in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the continuous accumulation of RBV in water bodies and the environment, it has recently been considered a newly emerging environmental pollutant. Currently, RBV has been detected in urban wastewater, surface water, groundwater, and sediments. Chloroquine phosphate (CQP), besides being an antiviral drug for treating coronavirus disease, is also an older drug used to treat malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Traditional wastewater treatment methods have low removal efficiency for RBV. Untreated or incompletely treated RBV, CQP, and metabolites are discharged into aquatic systems with the effluent. As they accumulate in the aquatic environment, they become toxic to algae, fish, and other microorganisms, and even pose a serious threat to humans and ecosystems. Therefore, how to effectively remove antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin, is a crucial problem that needs to be solved in water treatment processes.

[0003] Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation, as an advanced treatment process, not only effectively removes conventional pollutants from water but also treats recalcitrant organic matter and micro-pollutants that are difficult to remove using conventional methods. TiO2 is currently the most common photocatalytic material, possessing advantages such as strong chemical stability, low cost, non-toxicity, and long service life. However, due to the relatively large band gap of TiO2 (E... g =3.2eV), when the excitation energy is insufficient, the generated h + and e - It is easy for pollutants to recombine, thus reducing catalytic efficiency. In order to increase catalytic efficiency, in addition to the commonly used TiO2 modification, there are also treatment methods that combine with other oxidants, such as UV / TiO2 / In2O3, UV / TiO2 / periodate (IO4-), UV / TiO2 / H2O2, etc. These methods have played a good synergistic role in the degradation of pollutants. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a common agent and is currently used in the pretreatment and advanced treatment stages of water plants. However, as of now, there are no reports on the UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 treatment method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for treating ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water using ultraviolet photocatalysis. This invention removes ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate by adding a certain amount of TiO2 and KMnO4 to water under ultraviolet irradiation. Results show that the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process can efficiently remove ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate, with a treatment effect far exceeding that of individual UV, UV / KMnO4, or UV / TiO2 methods, indicating a significant synergistic effect. Furthermore, since TiO2 is currently the most common photocatalytic material, and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a common oxidant, the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 method is simple, readily available, and easy to implement, making it widely applicable in engineering practice.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water, characterized by the use of a UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process, that is, adding a certain amount of TiO2 and KMnO4 to water containing ribavirin and / or chloroquine phosphate, and removing ribavirin and / or chloroquine phosphate under ultraviolet irradiation.

[0006] Furthermore, in the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process, the optimal conditions are: UV light intensity of 56.5–206 μw / cm². 2 The TiO2 concentration was 40–100 mg / L, the KMnO4 concentration was 0.02–0.2 mM, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5–7.5 using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Furthermore, the UV light intensity was 206 μw / cm². 2 The optimal degradation effect was achieved when the TiO2 concentration was 80 mg / L, the KMnO4 concentration was 0.02 mM, and the pH was 7.00.

[0007] In this invention, the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process works simultaneously to generate highly efficient and strong degradation groups for removing ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate, mainly including strong oxidizing metals such as Mn(VII), Mn(V), Mn(III) and free radicals h. + , OH· etc.

[0008] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus used in this invention is a parallel beam apparatus, with a 70W ultraviolet low-pressure mercury lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 254nm. The beam passes through a circular tube and shines directly into the reaction solution below. A 200mL reaction dish is used, placed at a fixed position for each experiment. The ultraviolet dose is precisely measured using a light intensity meter, with a commonly used ultraviolet dose of 206μW / cm². 2 .

[0009] This invention has the following characteristics:

[0010] 1) When t=45min, the present invention can achieve a RBV removal efficiency of over 86%, which can effectively reduce the further accumulation of RBV in water.

[0011] 2) When t=5min, the present invention can achieve a removal efficiency of over 91% for chloroquine phosphate, which can effectively reduce the further accumulation of ribavirin in water.

[0012] 3) For the removal of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate, the treatment effect is far greater than that of UV alone, UV / KMnO4, or UV / TiO2 methods, indicating that the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process has a significant synergistic effect. For RBV removal, the pseudo-first-order degradation rate constant of UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 is 0.0426 min. -1 >>0.0233min -1 (pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / TiO2 degradation) +0.002 min -1 (Pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / KMnO4 degradation); For CQP removal, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 degradation is 0.473 min⁻¹ >> 0.1919 min⁻¹ (pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / TiO2 degradation) + 0.0032 min⁻¹ -1 (Pseudo-first-order rate constant for the degradation of UV / KMnO4).

[0013] This invention has good safety, is simple to operate, and the reaction environment is easy to achieve. The added chemical reagents are common products in water treatment, so it is feasible and operable, and it is also easy to promote and implement in reality. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction apparatus;

[0015] Figure 2 The results of the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process for the degradation of RBV under three quenchers are shown; (a) shows the C / CO results, and (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results.

[0016] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows the degradation results of RBV by the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process under different KMnO4 concentrations; (a) shows the C / CO results, (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results, and (c) shows the RBV removal rate test results.

[0017] Figure 4Figure 1 shows the degradation results of RBV by the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process under different TiO2 concentrations; (a) shows the C / CO results, (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results, and (c) shows the RBV removal rate test results.

[0018] Figure 5 The results of UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 degradation experiments on RBV under different UV light intensities are shown; (a) shows the C / CO results, and (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results.

[0019] Figure 6 The degradation results of RBV by UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 are compared with those of UV alone, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2; (a) shows the C / CO result, (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) result, and (c) shows the RBV removal rate test result.

[0020] Figure 7 The results of the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process for the degradation of CQP under three quenchers are shown; (a) shows the C / CO result, and (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) result.

[0021] Figure 8 The results of UV / KMnO4 process for CQP degradation under different KMnO4 concentrations are shown in Figure (a) for C / CO and Figure (b) for -ln(C / CO).

[0022] Figure 9 Figure 1 shows the degradation results of CQP by the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process under different KMnO4 concentrations; (a) shows the C / CO results, (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results, and (c) shows the CQP removal rate test results.

[0023] Figure 10 The figures show the degradation results of CQP by the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process under different TiO2 concentrations; (a) shows the C / CO results, (b) shows the -ln(C / CO) results, and (c) shows the CQP removal rate test results.

[0024] Figure 11 The results of the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process for the degradation of CQP under different UV light intensities are shown in Figure (a) for C / CO and Figure (b) for -ln(C / CO).

[0025] Figure 12 The degradation results of CQP by UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 are compared with those of UV alone, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2 alone. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The effects are illustrated below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction apparatus, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the ultraviolet experimental apparatus of the present invention includes an ultraviolet lamp, a movable support, a magnetic stirrer, a rotor, etc., wherein the ultraviolet lamp is connected to a power source via a power connection line to generate ultraviolet light.

[0028] The experimental setup used in this invention is a parallel beam apparatus, with a 70W ultraviolet low-pressure mercury lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 254nm. The beam passes through a circular tube and shines directly into the reaction solution below. A 200mL reaction dish is used and placed at a fixed position for each experiment. The ultraviolet dose is precisely measured using a light intensity meter, with a commonly used ultraviolet dose of 206μW / cm². 2 .

[0029] Example 1: Experimental study on the degradation of ribavirin (RBV) by UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process

[0030] 1. Free radical identification

[0031] The initial concentration of RBV was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM. Degradation experiments of RBV using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process were conducted under three different quenchers. The experimental procedure for treating RBV with the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Ribavirin] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer (PBS), phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0032] The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, in water containing RBV, excess tert-butanol (TBA) was added to quench OH·, excess PSMO (methyl phenyl sulfoxide) was added to quench Mn(V) and OH·, and excess ammonium oxalate (AO) was added to quench holes (h). + The results showed that hydroxyl radicals (OH·) were the main direct reactants with RBV, accounting for about 85%.

[0033] 2. Effect of different KMnO4 concentrations on the reaction

[0034] The initial concentration of RBV was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM, and degradation experiments of RBV were conducted at different KMnO4 concentrations. The experimental procedure for treating RBV using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2[Ribavirin] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0–0.2 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in water containing RBV, with a fixed TiO2 dosage of 80 mg / L and KMnO4 dosages of 0 mM, 0.01 mM, 0.02 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.2 mM, the results demonstrate that when the KMnO4 dosage is 0.02 mM, the removal rate reaches a maximum of 86% at a reaction time t = 45 min, and the reaction rate constant K0 is [missing value]. obs =0.0426, which increases the removal rate by 20% compared to no KMnO4 addition. When the KMnO4 dosage is 0.05 mM, the removal rate for RBV can reach up to 91%, and the reaction rate constant K... obs =0.0531.

[0036] 3. Effect of different TiO2 concentrations on the reaction

[0037] The initial concentration of RBV was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM, and degradation experiments of RBV were conducted at different TiO2 concentrations. The experimental procedure for treating RBV using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Ribavirin] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 0–100 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0038] The results are as follows Figure 4 As shown, in water containing RBV, with a fixed KMnO4 dosage of 0.02 mM and TiO2 dosages of 0 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 80 mg / L, and 100 mg / L, the results demonstrate that when the TiO2 dosage is 80 mg / L, the removal rate reaches its highest level of 86% at a reaction time t = 45 min, and the reaction rate constant K0... obs =0.0426, which means the removal rate can be increased by 77% compared to when TiO2 is not added.

[0039] 4. Effects of different ultraviolet light intensities

[0040] The initial concentration of RBV was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM, and degradation experiments of RBV under different UV light intensities were conducted. The experimental procedure for treating RBV using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [ribavirin] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH was adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer (5 mM), and [UV light intensity] was adjusted to 56.5–206 μw / cm². 2 .

[0041] The results are as follows Figure 5 As shown, in water containing RBV, the dosage of KMnO4 was fixed at 0.02 mM, and the dosage of TiO2 was 80 mg / L. The ultraviolet light intensity [UV light intensity] was adjusted to 56.5, 103, and 206 μw / cm. 2 The results showed that the UV light intensity was 56.5 μw / cm². 2 At that time, the removal rate was 47%, and the reaction rate constant K obs =0.0133; UV light intensity is 206 μw / cm 2 At the reaction time t = 45 min, the removal rate was 86%, and the reaction rate constant K obs =0.0426.

[0042] 5. Comparison of UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process with UV alone, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2.

[0043] The initial concentration of RBV was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM. Degradation experiments of RBV under four processes (UV / KMnO4 / TiO2, UV, UV / KMnO4, UV / TiO2) were conducted. The experimental procedure for the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [ribavirin] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer (5 mM), and [UV light intensity] adjusted to 206 μw / cm². 2 The UV, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2 processes are performed with the corresponding experimental conditions removed, while the rest is the same as the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process.

[0044] Table 1. Effects of different combinations of UV advanced oxidation processes on RBV treatment.

[0045] RBV removal process <![CDATA[k obs min -1 ]]> Multiple K <![CDATA[UV / TiO2 / KMnO4]]> 0.0426 1.00 <![CDATA[UV / TiO2]]> 0.0233 0.55 <![CDATA[UV / KMnO4]]> 0.002 0.05 UV 0.0015 0.04

[0046] Through Table 1 and Figure 6 As shown: For RBV removal, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the degradation of UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 is 0.0426 min. -1>>0.0233min -1 (pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / TiO2 degradation) +0.002 min -1 (The pseudo-first-order rate constant of UV / KMnO4 degradation) indicates that UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 has a good synergistic promoting effect compared to both UV / TiO2 and UV / KMnO4.

[0047] Example 2: Experimental study on the degradation of chloroquine phosphate (CQP) by UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process

[0048] 1. Free radical identification

[0049] CQP was initially prepared at a concentration of 2.5 μM using ultrapure water, and degradation experiments were conducted on CQP using a UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process with three different quenchers. The experimental procedure for treating CQP using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0050] The results are as follows Figure 7 As shown, in water containing CQP, excess tert-butanol (TBA) and isopropanol (IPA) were added to quench OH·, excess PSMO was added to quench Mn(V) and OH·, and excess ammonium oxalate (AO) was added to quench holes (h). + The results proved that: holes (h) + () is the main substance that reacts directly with CQP, accounting for approximately 61.82%.

[0051] 2. Effect of different KMnO4 concentrations on the reaction under UV / KMnO4 process

[0052] CQP was initially prepared at a concentration of 2.5 μM using ultrapure water, and degradation experiments were conducted on CQP at different KMnO4 concentrations. The experimental procedure for CQP treatment using UV / KMnO4 was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM

[0053] [KMnO4] = 0-0.2 mM, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0054] as follows Figure 8As shown, in water containing CQP, the dosage of TiO2 was 0 mg / L, and the dosages of KMnO4 were 0 mM, 0.02 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.2 mM, respectively. The results showed that when the KMnO4 dosage was 0.02 mM, the removal rate was only 18%, and the reaction rate constant K... obs =0.0032. When the KMnO4 dosage is 0.20 mM, the removal rate of CQP at a reaction time t = 60 min is approximately 60%, and the reaction rate constant K is 0.0032. obs =0.0136.

[0055] 3. Effect of different KMnO4 concentrations on the reaction under UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process

[0056] CQP was initially prepared at a concentration of 2.5 μM using ultrapure water, and degradation experiments were conducted on CQP at different KMnO4 concentrations. The experimental procedure for treating CQP using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0-0.2 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration was 5 mM.

[0057] The results are as follows Figure 9 As shown, in water containing CQP, with a fixed TiO2 dosage of 80 mg / L, and KMnO4 dosages of 0 mM, 0.01 mM, 0.02 mM, 0.04 mM, 0.08 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.2 mM, the results demonstrate that when the KMnO4 dosage is 0.02 mM, the removal rate reaches a maximum of 91% at a reaction time t = 5 min, and the reaction rate constant K0 is [missing value]. obs =0.473, which is 25% higher than when no KMnO4 is added. When the KMnO4 dosage is 0.20 mM, the removal rate for CQP can reach up to 98%, and the reaction rate constant KQP is... obs =0.7636.

[0058] 4. Effect of different TiO2 concentrations on the reaction

[0059] CQP was initially prepared at a concentration of 2.5 μM using ultrapure water, and degradation experiments were conducted on CQP at different TiO2 concentrations. The experimental procedure for treating CQP using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2 [Chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 0–100 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer concentration 5 mM.

[0060] The results are as follows Figure 10 As shown, with a fixed KMnO4 dosage of 0.02 mM, and TiO2 dosages of 0 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 80 mg / L, and 100 mg / L, the results demonstrate that when the TiO2 dosage is 80 mg / L, the removal rate reaches a maximum of 91% at a reaction time t = 5 min, and the reaction rate constant K0 is [missing value]. obs =0.473, which means the removal rate can be increased by 73% compared to when TiO2 is not added.

[0061] 5. Effects of different ultraviolet light intensities

[0062] The initial concentration of CQP was prepared using ultrapure water at 2.5 μM, and degradation experiments of CQP under different UV light intensities were conducted. The experimental procedure for treating CQP using the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH was adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer solution with a concentration of 5 mM, and [UV light intensity] was adjusted to 56.5–206 μw / cm². 2 .

[0063] like Figure 11 As shown, in water containing CQP, the dosage of KMnO4 was fixed at 0.02 mM, and the dosage of TiO2 was 80 mg / L. The ultraviolet light intensity [UV light intensity] was adjusted to 56.5, 103, and 206 μw / cm. 2 The results showed that the UV light intensity was 56.5 μw / cm². 2 At that time, the removal rate was approximately 53%, and the reaction rate constant K obs =0.154; UV light intensity is 206 μw / cm 2 At the time t = 5 min, the removal rate was 91%, and the reaction rate constant K obs =0.473.

[0064] 6. Comparison of UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process with UV alone, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2.

[0065] CQP was initially prepared at a concentration of 2.5 μM using ultrapure water, and degradation experiments were conducted on CQP under four different processes (UV / KMnO4 / TiO2, UV, UV / KMnO4, UV / TiO2). The experimental procedure for the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process was as follows: [UV light intensity] = 206 μw / cm². 2The concentrations were: [chloroquine phosphate] = 2.5 μM, [KMnO4] = 0.02 mM, [TiO2] = 80 mg / L, pH adjusted to 7.00 using phosphate buffer solution with a concentration of 5 mM. The UV, UV / KMnO4, and UV / TiO2 processes were performed with the corresponding experimental conditions removed, otherwise the process remained the same as the UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process.

[0066] Table 2. Effects of different combinations of UV advanced oxidation processes on CQP treatment

[0067] CQP processing technology <![CDATA[k obs min -1 ]]> Multiple K <![CDATA[UV / TiO2 / KMnO4]]> 0.473 1.00 <![CDATA[UV / TiO2]]> 0.1919 0.41 <![CDATA[UV / KMnO4]]> 0.0032 0.01 UV 0.0022 0.007

[0068] Through Table 2 and Figure 12 As shown: For CQP removal, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the degradation of UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 is 0.473 min. -1 >>0.1919min -1 (Pseudo-first-order rate constant for UV / TiO2 degradation) +0.0032 min -1 (The pseudo-first-order rate constant of UV / KMnO4 degradation) indicates that UV / TiO2 / KMnO4 has a good synergistic promoting effect compared to both UV / TiO2 and UV / KMnO4.

Claims

1. A method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water, characterized in that, The UV / KMnO4 / TiO2 process is adopted, specifically: a certain amount of TiO2 and KMnO4 are added to water containing ribavirin and / or chloroquine phosphate, and ribavirin and / or chloroquine phosphate are removed under ultraviolet irradiation.

2. The method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in claim 1, characterized in that the UV... The simultaneous action of the KMnO4 / TiO2 process generates highly efficient and strong degradation groups for removing ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate.

3. The method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The strongly degrading groups include strong oxidizing metals including Mn(VII), Mn(V), Mn(III) and free radicals h. + ,OH·.

4. The method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in claim 1, characterized in that the UV... In the KMnO4 / TiO2 process, the UV light intensity is 56.5–206 μw / cm². 2 The TiO2 concentration was 40–100 mg / L, the KMnO4 concentration was 0.02–0.2 mM, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5–7.

5.

5. The method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in claim 4, characterized in that the UV... In the KMnO4 / TiO2 process, the UV light intensity is 206 μw / cm. 2 The concentration of TiO2 was 80 mg / L, the concentration of KMnO4 was 0.02 mM, and the pH was 7.

00.

6. A method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A parallel beam apparatus was used, with a low-pressure ultraviolet mercury lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 254 nm. The beam was directed through a circular tube directly into the reaction solution below.

7. The method for ultraviolet photocatalytic treatment of ribavirin and chloroquine phosphate in water as described in claim 6, characterized in that, During each test, it was placed at a fixed location, and the ultraviolet dose was precisely measured using a light intensity meter.

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