Friction stir welding equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to friction stir welding equipment which comprises a rack, a linear rail and an arc-shaped rail are arranged on the rack in the welding direction, the sliding position of the arc-shaped rail is located below the linear rail, the arc-shaped rail is located in front of the linear rail, and a rail switching assembly is connected between the linear rail and the arc-shaped rail. A stirring friction welding machine is installed on the rail switching assembly, the rail switching assembly switches the stirring friction welding machine from a linear rail to an arc-shaped rail to slide, the arc-shaped rail is arranged on one side of the stirring friction welding machine, and the radian of the arc-shaped rail is consistent with the bending radian of a sheet metal part; the arc-shaped rail is arranged in front of the linear rail, and the friction stir welding machine is switched from the linear rail to the arc-shaped rail through the rail switching assembly, so that the curved surface of the sheet metal part is welded, and the purpose that a stirring head is deflected to the rotating side of the vertical line of the welding line by 3-5 DEG C can be achieved through welding on the curved surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, and in particular to a friction stir welding device. Background Art

[0002] Friction stir welding means that the heat generated by the friction between a high-speed rotating welding tool and the workpiece causes the material to be welded to melt locally. When the welding tool moves forward along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front of the welding tool to the back under the action of the rotational friction force of the welding tool, and a dense solid-phase weld seam is formed under the extrusion of the welding tool. The specific process is that a stirring pin in the shape of a cylinder or other shape (such as a threaded cylinder) extends into the joint of the workpiece, and through the high-speed rotation of the welding head, it frictions with the material of the welding workpiece, so that the temperature of the material at the connection part rises and softens.

[0003] Most of the current friction stir welding devices are used to weld sheet metal materials on a plane. For the sheet metal combined with a plane and an arc surface, that is, the end of the plane sheet metal is a downward-sloping arc surface. Since the stirring head moves linearly on the rack and cannot move in the vertical direction, when the stirring head welds this arc surface, its stirring pin cannot extend into the predetermined position in the weld seam or even cannot extend into the weld seam, thus affecting the quality of the weld seam. In addition, during welding, in order to ensure the stability during the welding process and the quality of the weld seam, the stirring head generally deflects 3°C - 5°C relative to the perpendicular line of the weld seam towards the rotation side. When welding an arc surface, since the existing stirring head is suitable for plane sheet metal and its deflection angle is small, when welding an arc surface, it cannot deflect the weld seam with a certain inclination angle (relative to the plane) by a predetermined angle.

[0004] The patent with the application number 202322607558.3 discloses a new type of friction stir welding device. By setting a friction stir welding machine spindle angle adjustment bolt on the side of the turntable installed on the spindle of the friction welding machine, the rotational movement of the friction stir welding machine around its center can be realized by adjusting the friction stir welding machine spindle angle adjustment bolt before friction stir welding, so as to realize the adjustment of the angle of the friction stir welding machine spindle. Although this device can drive the friction stir welding machine to rotate, during the rotation process, it will get farther and farther away from the weld seam of the arc surface, resulting in its inability to make the deflection angle reach the predetermined value, and its spindle cannot extend into the predetermined position in the weld seam or even cannot extend into the weld seam.

[0005] Regarding the above related technologies, the inventor believes that there are defects that the deflection angle of the existing stirring head cannot reach the predetermined value when welding an arc surface and its stirring pin cannot extend into the predetermined position in the weld seam or even cannot extend into the weld seam. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides a friction stir welding device.

[0007] A friction stir welding device provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: A friction stir welding device includes a frame. A linear track and an arc track are arranged on the frame along the welding direction. The sliding position of the arc track is below the linear track, and the arc track is in front of the linear track. A track switching component is connected between the linear track and the arc track. A friction stir welding machine is installed on the track switching component, and the track switching component switches the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to slide on the arc track. The arc track is arranged on one side of the friction stir welding machine, and the radian of the arc track is consistent with the bending radian of the sheet metal part.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, an arc track is arranged in front of the linear track, and the track switching component is used to switch the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to the arc track, so as to realize the welding of the curved surface of the sheet metal part. Moreover, for the welding on the curved surface, the purpose of deflecting the stirring head 3°C - 5°C towards the rotation side of the weld perpendicular line can also be achieved.

[0009] Preferably, the track switching component includes a first slider slidably connected to the linear track, a second slider slidably connected to the arc track, and a connecting member arranged between the first slider and the second slider. The friction stir welding machine is fixedly connected to the front end face of the second slider. A linear segment is arranged at the left end of the arc track. On the linear welding line, the second slider is arranged on the linear segment, and the rear end face of the second slider is arranged opposite to the front end face of the first slider front and back. The connecting member includes two grooves arranged up and down and opposite to each other on the rear end face of the second slider, two turntables respectively slidably connected in each groove, two first rotating cylinders respectively rotatably connected to each turntable, two positioning grooves respectively arranged on the front end face of the first slider and corresponding to each groove one by one, two second rotating cylinders arranged in each positioning groove, and a driving motor for driving the second rotating cylinder to rotate. The first rotating cylinder is arranged in the second rotating cylinder and is screwed to it.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the first slider and the second slider are respectively connected to the linear track and the arc track, and the fixing and separation of the first slider and the second slider are realized by the separation and combination of the first rotating cylinder and the second rotating cylinder, so as to realize the rapid switching from the linear track to the arc track.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting member further includes a rotating shaft disposed on the turntable, a first spring sleeved on the rotating shaft, a second spring disposed at the bottom of the groove, a rotating shaft respectively disposed on the left end face of each second rotating cylinder, a connecting groove vertically disposed between the two positioning grooves, and a connecting shaft disposed in the connecting groove; the right end face of the first rotating cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft, one end of the first spring is connected to the turntable, and the other end is connected to the first rotating cylinder, and the other end of the second spring is connected to the turntable; both ends of the connecting shaft are respectively rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove and respectively extend into the two positioning grooves, a first gear is sleeved on the part of the connecting shaft extending into the positioning groove, second gears are respectively sleeved on the two rotating shafts, and the first gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the second gear.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first slider and the second slider are separated, the first spring and the second spring are used to drive the first rotating cylinder to reverse and move into the second slider. The setting of the connecting shaft can realize the coaxial rotation of the two second rotating cylinders, thereby saving costs.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting member further includes two first electromagnets, the two first electromagnets are respectively disposed on the front end face of the first slider and the rear end face of the arc track, and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two first electromagnets are opposite.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, using the first electromagnet to connect the first slider and the arc track can enhance the supporting force for the arc track.

[0015] Preferably, the track switching assembly includes a third slider and two switching members. The friction stir welding machine is installed on the front end face of the third slider. The two switching members are respectively disposed between the third slider and the linear track and between the third slider and the arc track. The third slider includes a connecting portion and four sliding portions vertically arranged with the connecting portion. The connecting portion is connected to the friction stir welding. Two of the sliding portions are slidably connected to the linear track, and the other two sliding portions are connected to the arc track; the switching member includes four switching grooves disposed on the rear end face of the connecting portion, a telescopic rod disposed in the switching groove, a telescopic spring wound around the outer wall of the telescopic rod, and a plurality of second electromagnets. The telescopic rod is vertically disposed in the switching groove, and the top of the telescopic rod is connected to the bottom end face on the right side of the sliding portion. The second electromagnets are respectively disposed in the track grooves of the arc track, the track grooves of the linear track, and the opposite sides of the sliding portions and the track grooves, and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two second electromagnets located in the same track groove are opposite.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, a third slider is used to connect the linear track and the arc track, and two switching members that do not work simultaneously are utilized to enable the third slider to select to connect with the linear track or the arc track, thereby realizing the switching of the tracks.

[0017] Preferably, the switching member further includes two third electromagnets, which are respectively arranged at the arc track and the position of the connecting portion opposite to the arc track, and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two third electromagnets are opposite.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, using the third electromagnet to connect the third slider and the arc slide rail can enhance its stability on the basis of driving it to move along the linear track.

[0019] Preferably, the track switching assembly further includes a fourth slider arranged on the right side of the third slider. The fourth slider is fixed to the rear end face of the arc track and is slidably connected to the linear track.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the fourth slider can be used to further support the arc track.

[0021] Preferably, a probe is also slidably connected to the linear track. The probe is arranged on the right side of the friction stir welding machine, and the bottom of the probe contacts the top end face of the sheet metal part and detects the change in the end face shape. The probe is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the track switching assembly, the power mechanism of the linear track, and the power mechanism of the arc track.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the probe is used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part. When the surface of the sheet metal part is detected to be a straight line, the linear track works; when the surface of the sheet metal part is detected to have a curvature, the arc track is switched to work.

[0023] Preferably, the friction stir welding machine includes a fuselage, a stirring head rotatably connected to the bottom of the fuselage, a stirring pin arranged below the stirring head, and a fine-tuning structure arranged between the stirring head and the stirring pin. The fine-tuning structure includes a fine-tuning groove arranged on the lower end face of the stirring head, a fine-tuning spring arranged in the fine-tuning groove, two oppositely arranged clamping grooves arranged on the side wall of the fine-tuning groove, an arc-shaped clamping block arranged in the clamping groove, and a driving cylinder for driving the arc-shaped clamping block to move in the clamping groove. The other end of the fine-tuning spring is fixed to the top of the stirring pin. The diameter of the fine-tuning groove is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, and the concave surface of the arc-shaped clamping block is clamped on the outer wall of the stirring pin.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the fine-tuning spring can be used to adjust the depth of the stirring pin entering the weld seam.

[0025] Preferably, the fine-tuning structure further includes a limiting plate disposed in the clamping groove, and a through hole for the fine-tuning spring to pass through is formed on the limiting plate.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the limiting plate is provided to limit the movement amount of the stirring needle and prevent it from moving up or down beyond the adaptive amount.

[0027] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By providing a linear track and an arc track, and disposing the arc track on one side of the friction stir welding machine, in this way, the arc track can move together with the friction stir welding machine to weld the plane of the sheet metal part. When the plane welding is completed and it is necessary to enter the arc surface, the friction stir welding machine is switched from the linear track to the arc track through the track switching component for welding the curved surface weld.

[0028] 2. When the friction stir welding machine starts to weld the curved surface, since the bending radian of the arc track is the same as that of the arc surface, therefore, when the friction stir welding machine moves vertically along the arc track, it can be the same as the plane welding, deflect the stirring head 3° - 5° to the rotation side of the weld perpendicular line, and at this time, the stirring needle can extend into the established position of the weld like on the plane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the track switching component according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the track switching component according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fine-tuning structure of the present invention.

[0034] Description of reference numerals: 1, frame; 2, linear track; 3, arc track; 4, track switching assembly; 41, first slider; 42, second slider; 43, connecting member; 431, groove; 432, turntable; 433, first rotating cylinder; 434, positioning groove; 435, second rotating cylinder; 436, driving motor; 437, rotating shaft; 438, first spring; 439, second spring; 440, rotating shaft; 441, connecting groove; 442, connecting shaft; 443, first gear; 444, second gear; 445, first electromagnet; 45, third slider; 451, connecting portion; 452, sliding portion; 46, switching member; 461, switching groove; 462, telescopic rod; 463, telescopic spring; 464, second electromagnet; 465, third electromagnet; 47, fourth slider; 5, friction stir welding machine; 51, fuselage; 52, stirring head; 53, stirring pin; 54, fine-tuning structure; 541, fine-tuning groove; 542, fine-tuning spring; 543, clamping groove; 544, arc-shaped clamping block; 545, driving cylinder; 546, limiting plate; 6, probe. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The following further elaborates on this application Figures 1-5 in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] An embodiment of this application discloses a friction stir welding device. Referring to Figures 1-5 , it includes a frame 1. A linear track 2 and an arc track 3 are provided on the frame 1 along the welding direction. The sliding position of the arc track 3 is below the linear track 2, and the arc track 3 is in front of the linear track 2. A track switching assembly 4 is connected between the linear track 2 and the arc track 3. A friction stir welding machine 5 is installed on the track switching assembly 4, and the track switching assembly 4 switches the friction stir welding machine 5 from the linear track 2 to slide on the arc track 3. The arc track 3 is provided on one side of the friction stir welding machine 5, and the curvature of the arc track 3 is consistent with the bending curvature of the sheet metal part.

[0037] In this embodiment, the linear track 2 and the arc track 3 are provided, and the arc track 3 is provided on one side of the friction stir welding machine 5. In this way, the arc track 3 can move together with the friction stir welding machine 5 to weld the plane of the sheet metal part. When the plane welding is completed and it is necessary to enter the arc surface, the friction stir welding machine 5 is switched from the linear track 2 to the arc track 3 through the track switching assembly 4, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 starts to move in an arc. Since the bending curvature of the arc track 3 is consistent with the bending curvature of the arc surface, when the friction stir welding machine 5 moves perpendicular to the arc track 3, it can be the same as the plane welding, with the stirring head 52 deflected 3°C - 5°C to the side of the weld perpendicular line rotation, and at this time the stirring pin 53 can extend into the established position of the weld in the same way as on the plane.

[0038] Specifically, the moving distance of the friction stir welding machine 5 on the linear track 2 and the position for switching to the arc track 3 can be preset on the controller in advance, or a detection component can be slidably connected to the linear track 2 to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part in real time, determine whether it is a flat surface or an arc surface, and give instructions to the linear track 2, the arc track 3, and the track switching component 4 to start or stop working through the controller.

[0039] Specifically, the arc track 3 is slidably connected to the frame 1. A chute or a slide rail can be provided on the frame 1, and the arc track 3 slides therein or thereon to provide further support for the arc track 3, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 can move stably on the arc track 3.

[0040] Specifically, the linear track 2 and the arc track 3 can be arranged according to the shape of the sheet metal part, that is, the arc track 3 is arranged at the right end of the linear track 2. At this time, the track switching component 4 is a sliding block with pulleys, and its pulleys can move on the linear track 2 and the arc track 3 and can be switched between the two. However, since the flat lengths of different sheet metal parts are different, when the arc track 3 is arranged at the end of the linear track 2, welding of the curved surface cannot be achieved. At this time, the linear track 2 and the arc track 3 are separated and switched through the track switching component 4. The track switching component 4 can be sliding blocks respectively slidably connected to the linear track 2 and the arc track 3, and the two sliding blocks are detachably connected. When welding a flat surface, the two sliding blocks are fixed, driving the arc track 3 to move on the linear track 2 together until reaching the curved surface. The linear track 2 stops moving, the arc track 3 stops moving on the frame 1, and the two sliding blocks are separated. At this time, the friction stir welding machine 5 switches to move on the arc track 3. Since the sliding block is used to drive its movement and the friction stir welding machine 5 is connected in parallel with the sliding block, it can slide perpendicular to the arc track 3, thus being perpendicular to the curved surface. At this time, the relationship between the friction stir welding machine 5 and the curved surface is the same as that with the flat surface, and welding can be carried out by deflecting the stirring head 52 by a certain angle.

[0041] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-2, the track switching component 4 includes a first slider 41 slidably connected to the linear track 2, a second slider 42 slidably connected to the arc track 3, and a connecting member 43 disposed between the first slider 41 and the second slider 42. The friction stir welding machine 5 is fixedly connected to the front end face of the second slider 42. A linear segment is provided at the left end of the arc track 3. On the linear welding line, the second slider 42 is disposed on the linear segment, and the rear end face of the second slider 42 is disposed opposite to the front end face of the first slider 41 front and back. The connecting member 43 includes two grooves 431 disposed on the rear end face of the second slider 42 and opposite up and down, two turntables 432 respectively slidably connected to the respective grooves 431, two first cylinders 433 respectively rotatably connected to the respective turntables 432, two positioning grooves 434 disposed on the front end face of the first slider 41 and corresponding to the respective grooves 431 one by one, two second cylinders 435 disposed in the respective positioning grooves 434, and a driving motor 436 for driving the second cylinder 435 to rotate. The first cylinder 433 is disposed in the second cylinder 435 and is screwed thereto.

[0042] This embodiment is one of the structures of the track switching component 4. This structure uses two first sliders 41 and second sliders 42 disposed opposite to each other front and back and connected to each other, and the first slider 41 and the second slider 42 are connected by a connecting member 43. When welding the plane of the sheet metal part, the first slider 41 and the second slider 42 are fixed to drive the arc track 3 to move on the linear track 2. When it is predetermined to reach the position where the slide rail needs to be switched, the two sliders are separated. At this time, the linear track 2 stops moving, and the second slider 42 starts to drive the friction stir welding machine 5 to move and weld on the arc track 3; the connecting member 43 uses the connection method of screwing two cylinders to achieve stable fixation and rapid separation of the first slider 41 and the second slider 42.

[0043] Specifically, when the first slider 41 and the second slider 42 need to be fixed, the driving motor 436 is started, and the end of the first cylinder 433 is extended into the second cylinder 435. At this time, the rotation of the driving motor 436 can drive the second cylinder 435 to rotate, and then the first cylinder 433 moves along the axial direction of the second cylinder 435 until it extends into the inside of the second cylinder 435. After the first cylinder 433 completely enters the second cylinder 435, the first cylinder 43 and the second cylinder 435 are locked. At this time, the driving motor 436 drives the first cylinder 433 and the second cylinder 435 to rotate together, thereby strengthening the connection between the first slider 41 and the second slider 42. When it needs to be separated, the driving motor 436 rotates in reverse.

[0044] In some embodiments, the connecting member 43 further includes a rotating shaft 437 provided on the turntable 432, a first spring 438 sleeved on the rotating shaft 437, a second spring 439 provided at the bottom of the groove 431, a rotating shaft 440 respectively provided on the left end face of each of the second cylinders 435, a connecting groove 441 provided between the two positioning grooves 434 and vertically arranged, and a connecting shaft 442 provided in the connecting groove 441; the right end face of the first cylinder 433 is connected to the rotating shaft 437, one end of the first spring 438 is connected to the turntable 432, and the other end is connected to the first cylinder 433, and the other end of the second spring 439 is connected to the turntable 432; two ends of the connecting shaft 442 are respectively rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove 441 and respectively extend into the two positioning grooves 434, a first gear 443 is sleeved on the part of the connecting shaft 442 extending into the positioning groove 434, and second gears 444 are respectively sleeved on the two rotating shafts 440, and the first gear 443 is perpendicular to and meshes with the second gear 444.

[0045] In this embodiment, after the first cylinder 433 completely enters the second cylinder 435, the driving motor 436 can slow down the rotation speed, drive the first cylinder 433 and then the second cylinder 435 to rotate slowly together, so as to maintain the stability of their connection. The rotation of the first cylinder 433 will drive the first spring 438 to wind and stretch circumferentially around the rotating shaft 437; when switching to the arc-shaped slide rail 3, the driving motor 436 stops working and does not need to reverse, then the second cylinder 435 stops rotating. At this time, the first cylinder 433 rotates in the reverse direction driven by the elastic force of the first spring 438. During the reverse rotation process, it can move into the groove 431. At the same time, the second spring 439 gives a pulling force to the first cylinder 433, so that it can quickly return to the groove 431, thereby separating the first slider 41 and the second slider 42.

[0046] Specifically, a positioning groove 434 is provided on the first slider 41, a connecting shaft 442 is provided in the positioning groove 434, and gears are provided on both the connecting shaft 442 and the rotating shaft 440, so as to realize the coaxial rotation of the two second cylinders 435, thereby saving the use cost.

[0047] Specifically, the driving motor 436 is electrically connected to the linear motor of the driving linear track 2, so as to realize the simultaneous power-on and power-off of the driving motor 436 and the linear motor. Thus, when switching to the arc-shaped track 3, the first slider 41 and the second slider 42 can be quickly separated, and the linear motor can stop working at the same time, avoiding the movement of the arc-shaped track 3 on the frame 1 due to its movement, so that the arc of the arc-shaped track 3 cannot be aligned with the arc of the arc-shaped surface.

[0048] In some embodiments, the connecting member 43 further includes two first electromagnets 445. The two first electromagnets 445 are respectively disposed on the front end face of the first slider 41 and the rear end face of the arc-shaped track 3, and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two first electromagnets 445 are opposite.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first electromagnet 445 is used to connect the first slider 41 and the arc-shaped track 3, which can reduce the pressure of the arc-shaped track 3 on the second slider 42, thereby enhancing the stability of the friction stir welding machine 5; the first electromagnet 445 is electrically connected to the drive motor 436 to achieve simultaneous power on and off, thus simplifying the circuit.

[0050] In another embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 , the track switching assembly 4 includes a third slider 45 and two switching members 46. The friction stir welding machine 5 is installed on the front end face of the third slider 45. The two switching members 46 are respectively disposed between the third slider 45 and the linear track 2 and between the third slider 45 and the arc-shaped track 3. The third slider 45 includes a connecting portion 451 and 4 sliding portions 452 perpendicular to the connecting portion 451. The connecting portion 451 is connected to the friction stir welding. Two of the sliding portions 452 are slidably connected to the linear track 2, and the other two sliding portions 452 are connected to the arc-shaped track 3; the switching member 46 includes 4 switching grooves 461 disposed on the rear end face of the connecting portion 451, a telescopic rod 462 disposed in the switching groove 461, a telescopic spring 463 wound around the outer wall of the telescopic rod 462, and a plurality of second electromagnets 464. The telescopic rod 462 is vertically disposed in the switching groove 461, and the top of the telescopic rod 462 is connected to the bottom end face on the right side of the sliding portion 452. The second electromagnets 464 are respectively disposed in the track grooves of the arc-shaped track 3, the track grooves of the linear track 2, and the opposite sides of the sliding portions 452 and the track grooves. The polarities of the opposite sides of the two second electromagnets 464 located in the same track groove are opposite.

[0051] This embodiment is another structure of the track switching assembly 4. The third slider 45 is adopted, that is, the above-mentioned first slider 41 and second slider 42 are vertically and oppositely arranged and then combined into one piece. The third slider 45 is slidably connected to the linear track 2 and the arc-shaped track 3 respectively, and is switched by the switching member 46; during planar welding, the switching member in the arc-shaped track 3 is opened, and the switching member 46 on the linear track 2 works. At this time, the third slider 45 is fixed to the linear track 2 and separated from the arc-shaped track 3 to realize moving welding on the linear track 2. When it is necessary to switch to the arc-shaped track 3, the two switching members 46 work in the reverse direction. This device can quickly switch between the linear track 2 and the arc-shaped track 3.

[0052] Specifically, the switching member 46 is realized by a telescopic rod 462, a telescopic spring 463 and a second electromagnet 464. When the switching member 46 needs to work, the corresponding connecting portion 451 and the second electromagnet 464 in the track groove are energized. Using the principle of attraction between opposite poles, the connecting portion 451 is tightly attracted in the track groove to move with the track groove. At this time, the telescopic spring 463 is in a stretched state. When the switching member 46 does not need to work, the second electromagnet 464 is de-energized, and the right end of the connecting portion 451 moves downward under the action of the elastic force of the telescopic spring 463, and the other side moves upward, so as to leave the track groove.

[0053] Specifically, since the sliding portion 452 generally slides in the track groove through a pulley in the arc track 3, at this time, the pulley is fixed in the track groove, and the second electromagnet 464 is arranged on the top of the pulley. When switching the arc track 3, the sliding portion 452 is fixed to the top of the pulley through the second electromagnet 464, and then a driving force is given to the pulley to make it slide; of course, when the sliding portion 452 slides on the straight track 2, it can slide directly in the track groove or use a pulley to slide. If it slides directly in the track groove, at this time, the track groove uses a transmission structure of a belt and a belt pulley, then the second electromagnet 464 is arranged in the track groove, the sliding portion 452 is attracted to it and moves through the belt. If it uses a pulley to slide, it is the same as the sliding structure of the arc slide rail.

[0054] In some embodiments, the switching member 46 further includes two third electromagnets 465. The two third electromagnets 465 are respectively arranged at the arc track 3 and the position of the connecting portion 451 opposite to the arc track 3, and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two third electromagnets 465 are opposite.

[0055] In this embodiment, the third electromagnet 465 is used to connect the third slider 45 and the arc slide rail 3, which can enhance its stability on the basis of driving it to move along with the straight track 2.

[0056] In some embodiments, the track switching assembly 4 further includes a fourth slider 47 arranged on the right side of the third slider 45. The fourth slider 47 is fixed to the rear end face of the arc track 3 and is slidably connected to the straight track 2.

[0057] In this embodiment, the fourth slider 47 is used to connect the arc track 3 to the straight track 2, which can enhance its stability. Under the double support of the straight track 2 and the frame 1, the friction stir welding machine 5 can move more stably on the arc track 3, thus avoiding affecting the welding quality of the weld seam.

[0058] In some embodiments, a probe 6 is also slidably connected to the linear track 2. The probe 6 is disposed on the right side of the friction stir welding machine 5, and the bottom of the probe 6 contacts the top end face of the sheet metal part and detects changes in the end face shape. The probe 6 is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the track switching assembly 4, the power mechanism of the linear track 2, and the power mechanism of the arc track 3.

[0059] In this embodiment, the probe 6 is used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part. During operation, it always contacts the surface of the sheet metal part and sends the detection result to the controller. If the surface of the sheet metal part is detected to be a straight line, it moves through the linear track 2. If the surface of the sheet metal part starts to show an arc, it switches to work on the arc track 3. The probe 6 can be a pressure sensor, a laser sensor, or other detection devices capable of detecting the surface shape of the sheet metal part.

[0060] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 , the friction stir welding machine 5 includes a machine body 51, a stirring head 52 rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine body 51, a stirring pin 53 disposed below the stirring head 52, and a fine-tuning structure 54 disposed between the stirring head 52 and the stirring pin 53. The fine-tuning structure 54 includes a fine-tuning groove 541 disposed on the lower end face of the stirring head 52, a fine-tuning spring 542 disposed in the fine-tuning groove 541, two oppositely disposed clamping grooves 543 disposed on the side wall of the fine-tuning groove 541, an arc-shaped clamping block 544 disposed in the clamping groove 543, and a driving cylinder 545 for driving the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move in the clamping groove 543. The other end of the fine-tuning spring 542 is fixed to the top of the stirring pin 53. The diameter of the fine-tuning groove 541 is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin 53, and the concave surface of the arc-shaped clamping block 544 is clamped to the outer wall of the stirring pin 53.

[0061] In this embodiment, after switching to welding on the arc track 3, since there will be slight changes in the distances between the arc track 3 and the sheet metal part and between the bottom of the friction stir welding machine 5 and the sheet metal part, and also because the thickness of the sheet metal part changes after transitioning to a curved surface, it is necessary to adjust the depth of the stirring pin 53 extending into the weld. The present invention uses the fine-tuning spring 542 to adjust the position of the stirring pin 53 and thus adjust its extending depth. When adjustment is required, the driving cylinder 545 starts to work, driving the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move along the inner direction of the clamping groove 543, thus separating from the stirring pin 53. At this time, the stirring pin 53 moves up and down under the action of the fine-tuning spring 542 to adjust its position. After the adjustment is completed, the driving cylinder 545 drives the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move in the reverse direction, making it clamped to the outer wall of the stirring pin 53, thereby restricting its displacement and enabling stable welding.

[0062] Specifically, the fine-tuning spring 542 is in an extended or compressed state before adjustment. During adjustment, it drives the stirring needle 53 to move up or down. Of course, in order to enable the up and down movement during adjustment, a push plate can be slidably connected along the axial direction of the inner wall of the fine-tuning groove 541, and the push plate is driven by a cylinder. The other end of the push plate is connected to the stirring needle 53, thereby pushing the stirring needle 53 to move up and down.

[0063] Specifically, a sensor for detecting the thickness of the sheet metal part can be provided on the frame 1, and the depth of the stirring needle 53 entering the weld seam can be determined according to the detection result, so as to determine its adjustment length.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fine-tuning structure 54 further includes a limiting plate 546 disposed in the clamping groove 543, and a through hole for the fine-tuning spring 542 to pass through is formed on the limiting plate 546.

[0065] In this embodiment, the limiting plate 546 is provided to limit the movement amount of the stirring needle 53 and prevent it from moving up or down beyond the adaptive amount.

[0066] Specifically, in the present invention, the arc-shaped track can be hinged to the fourth slider. At this time, the arc-shaped track is disposed on the bottom end face of the fourth slider. Through the hinge, the connection angle between the arc-shaped track and the fourth slider can be changed, thereby changing the direction of the arc-shaped track, so as to adapt to sheet metal parts with various bending angles or bending directions. Based on this, the arc-shaped track is no longer connected to the second slider or the third slider by an electromagnet.

[0067] The working principle of a friction stir welding device in this application is as follows: A linear track 2 and an arc track 3 are provided, and the arc track 3 is arranged on one side of the friction stir welding machine 5. In this way, the arc track 3 can move together with the friction stir welding machine 5 to weld the plane of the sheet metal part, and a probe 6 is used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part. When the detected surface shape is a curved surface, the friction stir welding machine 5 is switched from the linear track 2 to the arc track 3 through the track switching component 4, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 starts to move in an arc; The track switching component 4 can adopt two first sliders 41 and second sliders 42 that are arranged opposite to each other front and back and are connected to each other. When moving on the linear track 2, the driving motor 436 drives the second rotating cylinder 435 to be screwed with the first rotating cylinder 433 to fix the first slider 41 and the second slider 42. During the switching, the driving motor 436 does not rotate, and the first spring 438 drives the second rotation to reverse and return to the second slider 42 under the drive of the second spring 439 to separate from the first slider 41; The track switching component 4 can also adopt a third slider 45, and the energization of the second electromagnet 464 and the track groove and the stretching of the telescopic spring 463 on the sliding part 452 of the third slider 45 are used to separate or fix it from the linear track 2 or the arc track 3; After the friction stir welding machine 5 enters the arc track 3, the fine adjustment spring 542 is used to adjust the depth of the stirring pin 53 entering the weld seam.

[0068] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application, and the protection scope of this application is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A friction stir welding device, characterized in that: It includes a frame (1). A linear track (2) and an arc track (3) are provided on the frame (1) along the welding direction. The sliding position of the arc track (3) is below the linear track (2), and the arc track (3) is in front of the linear track (2). A track switching component (4) is connected between the linear track (2) and the arc track (3). A friction stir welding machine (5) is installed on the track switching component (4), and the track switching component (4) switches the friction stir welding machine (5) to slide from the linear track (2) to the arc track (3). The arc track (3) is provided on one side of the friction stir welding machine (5), and the radian of the arc track (3) is consistent with the bending radian of the sheet metal part.

2. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track switching component (4) includes a first slider (41) slidably connected to the linear track (2), a second slider (42) slidably connected to the arc track (3), and a connecting member (43) provided between the first slider (41) and the second slider (42). The friction stir welding machine (5) is fixedly connected to the front end face of the second slider (42). A linear segment is provided at the left end of the arc track (3). On the linear welding line, the second slider (42) is arranged on the linear segment, and the rear end face of the second slider (42) is arranged opposite to the front end face of the first slider (41) front and back. The connecting member (43) includes two grooves (431) arranged up and down and opposite to each other on the rear end face of the second slider (42), two turntables (432) respectively slidably connected to each of the grooves (431), two first rotating cylinders (433) respectively rotatably connected to each of the turntables (432), two positioning grooves (434) respectively corresponding to each of the grooves (431) and provided on the front end face of the first slider (41), two second rotating cylinders (435) provided in each of the positioning grooves (434), and a driving motor (436) for driving the second rotating cylinder (435) to rotate. The first rotating cylinder (433) is arranged in the second rotating cylinder (435) and is screwed thereto.

3. A friction stir welding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting member (43) further includes a rotating shaft (437) provided on the turntable (432), a first spring (438) sleeved on the rotating shaft (437), a second spring (439) provided at the bottom of the groove (431), a rotating shaft (440) respectively provided on the left end faces of the second cylinders (435), a connecting groove (441) provided between the two positioning grooves (434) and vertically arranged, and a connecting shaft (442) provided in the connecting groove (441); the right end face of the first cylinder (433) is connected to the rotating shaft (437), one end of the first spring (438) is connected to the turntable (432), and the other end is connected to the first cylinder (433), and the other end of the second spring (439) is connected to the turntable (432); the two ends of the connecting shaft (442) are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of the connecting groove (441) and respectively extend into the two positioning grooves (434), a first gear (443) is sleeved on the part of the connecting shaft (442) extending into the positioning groove (434), second gears (444) are respectively sleeved on the two rotating shafts (440), and the first gear (443) is perpendicular to and meshes with the second gear (444).

4. A friction stir welding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting member (43) further includes two first electromagnets (445), and the two first electromagnets (445) are respectively provided on the front end face of the first slider (41) and the rear end face of the arc track (3), and the polarities of the opposite sides of the two first electromagnets (445) are opposite.

5. A friction stir welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track switching component (4) includes a third slider (45) and two switching members (46). The friction stir welding machine (5) is installed on the front end face of the third slider (45). The two switching members (46) are respectively arranged between the third slider (45) and the linear track (2) and between the third slider (45) and the arc track (3). The third slider (45) includes a connecting portion (451) and four sliding portions (452) vertically arranged with respect to the connecting portion (451). The connecting portion (451) is connected to the friction stir welding. Two of the sliding portions (452) are slidably connected to the linear track (2), and the other two sliding portions (452) are connected to the arc track (3). The switching member (46) includes four switching grooves (461) arranged on the rear end face of the connecting portion (451), a telescopic rod (462) arranged in the switching groove (461), a telescopic spring (463) wound around the outer wall of the telescopic rod (462), and a plurality of second electromagnets (464). The telescopic rod (462) is vertically arranged in the switching groove (461), and the top of the telescopic rod (462) is connected to the bottom end face on the right side of the sliding portion (452). Each of the second electromagnets (464) is respectively arranged in the track groove of the arc track (3), the track groove of the linear track (2), and the opposite side of each sliding portion (452) and the track groove. The polarities of the opposite sides of the two second electromagnets (464) located in the same track groove are opposite.

6. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The switching member (46) further includes two third electromagnets (465). The two third electromagnets (465) are respectively arranged at the arc track (3) and the position of the connecting portion (451) opposite to the arc track (3). The polarities of the opposite sides of the two third electromagnets (465) are opposite.

7. A friction stir welding device according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that: The track switching component (4) further includes a fourth slider (47) arranged on the right side of the third slider (45). The fourth slider (47) is fixed to the rear end face of the arc track (3) and is slidably connected to the linear track (2).

8. A friction stir welding device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A probe (6) is also slidably connected to the linear track (2). The probe (6) is arranged on the right side of the friction stir welding machine (5), and the bottom of the probe (6) contacts the top end face of the sheet metal part and detects the change in the end face shape. The probe (6) is electrically connected to the controller. The controller is electrically connected to the track switching component (4), the power mechanism of the linear track (2), and the power mechanism of the arc track (3).

9. A friction stir welding device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The friction stir welding machine (5) includes a fuselage (51), a stirring head (52) rotatably connected to the bottom of the fuselage (51), a stirring pin (53) disposed below the stirring head (52), and a fine-tuning structure (54) disposed between the stirring head (52) and the stirring pin (53). The fine-tuning structure (54) includes a fine-tuning groove (541) provided on the lower end face of the stirring head (52), a fine-tuning spring (542) disposed in the fine-tuning groove (541), two oppositely disposed clamping grooves (543) provided on the side wall of the fine-tuning groove (541), an arc-shaped clamping block (544) disposed in the clamping groove (543), and a driving cylinder (545) for driving the arc-shaped clamping block (544) to move in the clamping groove (543). The other end of the fine-tuning spring (542) is fixed to the top of the stirring pin (53). The diameter of the fine-tuning groove (541) is larger than the diameter of the stirring pin (53). The concave surface of the arc-shaped clamping block (544) is clamped on the outer wall of the stirring pin (53).

10. A friction stir welding device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fine-tuning structure (54) further includes a limiting plate (546) disposed in the clamping groove (543), and a through hole for the fine-tuning spring (542) to pass through is provided on the limiting plate (546).

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