A metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, and specifically to a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling, comprising a metal 3D printer, a powder spreading device, a leveling assembly, a leveling plate, and a micro-vibration assembly; the powder spreading device is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer, and the powder spreading device comprises an electric push rod, a roller frame, and a powder spreading roller; the electric push rod is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer, the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the roller frame, a powder spreading roller is rotatably installed on the roller frame, the leveling assembly is located in the metal 3D printer, a leveling plate is provided at one end of the leveling assembly, and the powder spreading roller drives the leveling plate to slide vertically with itself through the leveling assembly; a micro-vibration assembly is provided below the leveling assembly, and the leveling assembly drives the micro-vibration assembly to slide back and forth to realize metal powder vibration. The present invention realizes secondary spreading of metal powder through reciprocating motion, improves the uniformity of metal powder distribution, and improves the quality of metal 3D printing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, and in particular to a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling. Background Art

[0002] Metal 3D printing technology is the most cutting-edge and promising technology in the field of 3D printing, and is an important direction for the development of additive manufacturing technology. Current metal 3D printing methods include selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, which use high-energy sources such as lasers or electron beams to directly melt and deposit metal powders.

[0003] For metal 3D printers that use selective laser sintering, they are mainly composed of a frame, a laser device and a powder spreading roller. The frame is provided with a powder feeding area and a working area, and metal powder is placed in both the powder feeding area and the working area. When the metal 3D printer is working, the laser device emits a laser to sinter the metal powder in the working area. After the laser sintering is completed, the metal powder in the working area drops one layer, and the metal powder in the powder feeding area rises one layer. Then the powder spreading roller slides horizontally to spread the metal powder in the powder feeding area onto the sintered metal powder in the working area. The laser device sinters the newly laid metal powder in the working area, and then repeats the above steps, thereby stacking layer by layer to complete the printing of the required object.

[0004] However, during the process of spreading metal powder by the powder roller, the powder roller will push the metal powder to move toward the two ends of the powder roller, resulting in less metal powder in the middle area than at the two ends, causing the powder roller to spread the metal powder unevenly, resulting in insufficient laser sintering thickness, and affecting the quality of the finished product of metal 3D printing.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling to solve the problem of uneven metal powder laying raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling:

[0008] A metal 3D printing device based on multi-energy field coupling, comprising a metal 3D printer, a powder spreading device, a leveling component, a leveling plate, and a micro-vibration component;

[0009] The metal 3D printer is provided with a working area and a powder replenishing area side by side. Metal powder is placed in the working area and the powder replenishing area. A laser device is provided above the working area. The laser device emits laser to sinter the metal powder in the working area. The powder replenishing area is used to replenish powder in the working area to cover the sintered metal powder so as to perform the next laser sintering, thereby stacking layers to complete the 3D printing of metal powder.

[0010] The powder spreading device is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer, and the powder spreading device includes an electric push rod, a roller frame and a powder spreading roller; the electric push rod is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer, the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the roller frame, and the powder spreading roller is rotatably installed on the roller frame. When the metal powder in the current working area is sintered, the working area drops one layer and the powder replenishing area rises one layer. At this time, the electric push rod pushes the roller frame to slide horizontally, and the roller frame drives the powder spreading roller to synchronously displace and slide from the powder replenishing area to the working area. During the sliding process, the powder spreading roller pushes the metal powder on the powder replenishing area into the working area, covers the sintered metal powder, and then performs the next metal sintering;

[0011] The powder spreading roller is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer, and the powder spreading roller is located between the leveling components; the leveling component is located in the metal 3D printer, and a leveling plate is provided at one end of the leveling component. When the powder spreading roller spreads metal powder, the powder spreading roller drives the leveling plate to slide vertically with itself through the leveling component. In the process of spreading metal powder from the powder feeding area to the working area, the metal powder moves toward both ends along the powder spreading roller, and then edge accumulation occurs. At this time, the leveling component drives the leveling plate and the powder spreading roller to slide vertically relative to each other, and the metal powder accumulated on the edge is evenly spread in the working area;

[0012] A micro-vibration component is provided under the leveling component, and the micro-vibration component is located in the working area. The leveling component drives the micro-vibration component to slide back and forth to realize the vibration of the metal powder. When the leveling plate spreads the metal powder accumulated on the edge, the micro-vibration component knocks on the working area to generate vibration, and transmits the vibration to the metal powder in the working area, so that the metal powder is evenly spread under the action of vibration, reducing the gap between the metal powders, making the metal powder spread more evenly, and at the same time, the metal powder accumulated on the edge slides into the working area under the action of vibration and is smoothed by the leveling plate, avoiding waste of metal powder.

[0013] Preferably, the leveling assembly includes a transmission rack, a driving wheel, a reciprocating rod, a return spring, a driving wheel, a driving shaft and a bushing;

[0014] The transmission rack is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer, and a driving wheel is provided above the transmission rack;

[0015] The driving wheel is connected to the powder spreading roller, and when the powder spreading roller slides horizontally under the action of the electric push rod, the powder spreading roller drives the driving wheel to move synchronously, thereby making the driving wheel mesh with the transmission rack, so that the driving wheel rotates, and then drives the powder spreading roller to rotate, thereby increasing the pressure of the powder spreading roller on the metal powder, improving the spreading effect of the powder spreading roller on the metal powder, reducing the gap between the metal powder and improving the uniformity of the powder spreading; the other end of the powder spreading roller is connected to the reciprocating rod, and the powder spreading roller slides from the powder feeding area to the working area to push the metal powder to be spread. When the powder spreading roller finishes spreading the metal powder and continues to move forward when leaving the working area, the powder spreading roller contacts the reciprocating rod, pushing the reciprocating rod to slide synchronously; the reciprocating rod is divided into a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the vertical section is provided with an arc groove that cooperates with the powder spreading roller, and the arc groove increases the contact area between the reciprocating rod and the powder spreading roller, thereby increasing the interaction force between the powder spreading roller and the reciprocating rod, which is convenient for the powder spreading roller to push the reciprocating rod to move synchronously, and the horizontal section The paving roller is connected to the inner wall of the metal 3D printer by a reset spring. The reset spring is used to complete the laser sintering. When the powder roller is reset to start the next metal powder laying, the reciprocating rod is pushed to reset. The horizontal section is provided with gear teeth, and two driving wheels are provided above the horizontal section. When the reciprocating rod slides horizontally, the gear teeth on the horizontal section engage with the driving wheel, thereby driving the two driving wheels to rotate synchronously; the driving wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area, and the driving shaft is fixedly installed on the driving wheel; the driving shaft is provided with a driving thread, and the driving shaft is slidably installed on the driving shaft; a driving screw groove matching the driving shaft is provided in the shaft sleeve, and the shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the screed plate, and when the driving wheel rotates, the driving shaft is driven to move synchronously. When the driving shaft rotates, the driving thread on it engages with the driving screw groove in the shaft sleeve, thereby driving the shaft sleeve to slide horizontally, so that the shaft sleeve pushes the screed plate to slide and lay the metal powder for a second time, and evenly lays the metal powder accumulated on the edge in the working area.

[0016] Preferably, the transmission rack is a right-angled trapezoidal gear tooth, the driving wheel is a telescopic wheel, a telescopic cavity is opened on the driving wheel, and telescopic gear teeth are slidably installed in the telescopic cavity. The telescopic gear teeth are isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth, and the telescopic wheel is connected to the telescopic cavity by a telescopic spring. The transmission rack and the driving wheel are one-way transmission, so that the powder spreading roller can rotate when moving from the powder replenishing area to the working area, and the powder spreading thread pushes the metal powder to move toward the center. When the powder spreading roller slides and resets from the working area to the powder replenishing area, the powder spreading roller does not rotate, thereby avoiding the rotation of the powder spreading roller, affecting the metal powder that has been sintered, destroying the metal powder that has been sintered, and causing a decrease in printing quality.

[0017] Preferably, one end of the powder spreading roller is provided with a powder spreading thread, and the smoothing plate is located away from the end of the powder spreading roller with the powder spreading thread. During the rotation of the powder spreading roller, the powder spreading thread on the powder spreading roller will push the metal powder to slide horizontally along the axial direction of the powder spreading roller, thereby reducing the edge accumulation phenomenon. The powder spreading thread is opened at one end of the powder spreading roller, so that the metal powder slides only in one direction, avoiding the metal powder from sliding in the center, which causes the metal powder to accumulate in the center area, resulting in less metal powder on both sides of the working area, resulting in uneven distribution of the metal powder. The smoothing plate is located away from the end of the powder spreading roller with the powder spreading thread, so that the powder spreading thread pushes the metal powder to move in the direction of the smoothing plate. At the same time, the end without the powder spreading thread will push the metal powder to accumulate at the edge, thereby causing the metal powder to move only in the direction of the smoothing plate, thereby causing the metal powder to accumulate in front of the smoothing plate. When the smoothing plate slides, the accumulated metal powder can be evenly spread on the working area. At the same time, the texture generated by the rotation of the powder spreading thread is smoothed to ensure the flatness of the metal powder surface in the working area.

[0018] Preferably, the powder spreading roller is sprayed with antistatic coating. When the powder spreading roller pushes the metal powder to move for spreading, friction will be generated between the powder spreading roller and the metal powder, and static electricity will be generated through friction, so that the metal powder is adsorbed on the powder spreading roller under the action of static electricity, resulting in gaps between the metal powders, which prevents the metal powder in the working area from being uneven. By spraying antistatic coating on the powder spreading roller, static electricity can be avoided, and the metal powder can be prevented from adhering to the powder spreading roller, thereby improving the uniformity of the metal powder spreading by the powder spreading roller.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom end of the screed plate is a triangular structure, and gathering blocks are provided at both ends of the screed plate. The triangular structure at the bottom end of the screed plate reduces the contact area between the screed plate and the metal powder, thereby enhancing the force of the screed plate on the metal powder and improving the paving effect of the screed plate on the metal powder. At the same time, the gathering blocks at both ends of the metal plate enable the metal powder moving to both sides to accumulate at the gathering blocks during the metal paving process of the screed plate, and move toward the middle end along the inclined surface of the gathering blocks, thereby improving the uniformity of the secondary paving.

[0020] Preferably, the micro-vibration assembly includes a push plate, an active plate, a reciprocating spring, a rotating wheel and a driven plate;

[0021] The push plate is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer, and the push plate is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the reciprocating rod. When the reciprocating rod slides, the push plate is driven to move synchronously, and a linear array of extrusion protrusions is provided on the push plate, and an active plate is provided on the side of the extrusion protrusion; the active plates are two, and the two active plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area, and one end of the active plate is slidably connected to the metal 3D printer through a reciprocating spring, and the other end of the active plate is provided with an extrusion groove that cooperates with the extrusion protrusion. The active plate pushes the extrusion groove through the extrusion protrusion and then drives itself to slide horizontally through the extrusion groove. A vibrating protrusion is provided at the middle end of the active plate near the working area, and a collision protrusion that cooperates with the vibrating protrusion is provided on the working area. When the push plate follows the synchronous movement of the reciprocating rod, the push plate pushes the extrusion groove on the active plate through the extrusion protrusion to push the active plate to slide horizontally, and the active plate extrusion reciprocating spring contracts. When the extrusion protrusion separates from the extrusion groove, the active plate is reset under the action of the reset spring, and then is squeezed by the next extrusion protrusion. The driving mechanism is to push the movable plate to move horizontally, thereby realizing the reciprocating motion of the active rod. During the reciprocating motion of the active plate, the active plate drives the vibrating protrusion thereon to contact the collision protrusion on the working area, and then generates slight vibration through collision. The slight vibration is transmitted to the metal powder in the working area, so that the gap between the metal powders is reduced, the uniformity of the metal powder laying is improved, and the printing effect is ensured. The active plate is connected to the return spring at one end and is provided with a rotary wheel; the rotary wheel is engaged with the active plate, and a driven plate is provided on the other side of the rotary wheel; the driven plate is arranged vertically to the active plate, and the driven plate is located outside the working area. A vibrating protrusion is provided on the upper end surface of the driven plate. During the reciprocating sliding process of the active plate, it is engaged with the rotary wheel, thereby driving the rotary wheel to rotate, thereby driving the driven plate to reciprocate synchronously through the rotary wheel. During the reciprocating motion of the driven plate, the vibrating protrusion thereon contacts with the collision protrusion to generate vibration. The vibration generated by the driven plate acts on the metal powder accumulated on the edge, so that the metal powder accumulated on the edge moves toward the center.

[0022] Preferably, the vibration bump and the collision bump are both made of rubber material, and the collision bump has a conical structure. The rubber material avoids hard contact between the vibration bump and the collision bump, reduces the intensity of the vibration, and avoids high-intensity vibration from affecting the sintered metal powder, causing the sintered metal powder to slip. At the same time, the conical structure of the collision bump guides slight vibrations, so that slight vibrations are evenly transmitted in the working area.

[0023] Preferably, the active plate is located directly below the screed plate, and a resonance reed is provided on the screed plate. When the active plate reciprocates so that the vibration bump contacts the collision bump and generates vibration, the vibration is transmitted along the metal 3D printer to the screed plate directly above the active plate. The resonance reed on the screed plate receives the vibration and vibrates, and the resonance reeds on the gathering blocks at both ends resonate, thereby enhancing the vibration of the upper surface of the working area, and then promoting the metal powder between the gathering blocks to vibrate and move toward the middle section, thereby promoting the guiding effect of the gathering blocks, reducing the edge accumulation phenomenon of the screed plate during movement, and improving the uniformity of metal powder distribution.

[0024] A metal 3D printing method based on multi-energy field coupling includes the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Add metal powder to the working area and powder replenishing area of ​​the metal 3D printer;

[0026] Make the metal powder fill the working area and powder replenishing area, which is convenient for subsequent processing

[0027] Step 2: The powder spreading roller starts to spread the powder in the working area, and at the same time, drives the leveling component and the micro-vibration component to perform secondary leveling;

[0028] The powder spreading roller, leveling assembly and micro-vibration assembly spread the metal powder to ensure the uniformity of the metal powder in the working area;

[0029] Step 3: The laser device sintered the metal powder in the working area;

[0030] The laser device emits laser to sinter the metal powder in the working area to complete the sintering of the current layer;

[0031] Step 4: Reset the powder spreading roller, leveling assembly and micro-vibration assembly;

[0032] The powder spreading roller is reset, and the leveling component and micro-vibration component are reset to complete the sintering work of the current layer;

[0033] Step 5: The working area descends, the powder replenishing area ascends, and the powder spreading roller spreads powder in preparation for the next sintering;

[0034] The powder replenishing area rises to withdraw the metal powder. At this time, the powder spreading roller drives the leveling component and the micro-vibration component to evenly spread the metal powder into the working area, completing the spreading of the metal powder and then laser sintering.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] A metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling. The present invention realizes secondary laying of metal powder through the cooperation of a powder spreading roller and a leveling component, avoids the occurrence of edge accumulation, improves the uniformity of metal powder laying, and thus improves the 3D printing quality.

[0037] A metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling. The present invention achieves micro-displacement of metal powder by cooperating with a leveling component and a micro-vibration component, thereby reducing the gaps between metal powders, improving the uniformity of metal powders in the vertical direction, and ensuring the quality of 3D printing.

[0038] A metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling. The present invention uses a micro-vibration component to vibrate the molten pool during laser sintering, thereby stirring the molten pool, thereby improving the uniformity of metal 3D printing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A half-section diagram of the metal 3D printer of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A local enlarged view of point A;

[0041] Figure 3 A horizontal cross-sectional view of the metal 3D printer of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is an overall schematic diagram of the leveling assembly and the micro-vibration assembly of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A half-section schematic diagram of a leveling assembly of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A local enlarged view of point B;

[0045] Figure 7 A half-section schematic diagram of the driving wheel of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 It is an overall schematic diagram of the micro-vibration assembly of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A local enlarged view of point C;

[0048] Figure 10 A half-section view of the working area of ​​the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 A local enlarged view of point D;

[0050] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 10 A local enlarged view of point E.

[0051] In the picture:

[0052] 1. Metal 3D printer; 11. Working area; 111. Collision bump; 1111. Conical structure; 12. Powder replenishing area;

[0053] 2. Powder spreading device; 21. Electric push rod; 22. Roller frame; 23. Powder spreading roller; 231. Powder spreading thread;

[0054] 3. Leveling assembly; 31. Transmission rack; 311. Right-angled trapezoidal gear teeth; 32. Driving wheel; 321. Telescopic chamber; 322. Isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth; 323. Telescopic spring; 33. Reciprocating rod; 331. Vertical section; 3311. Arc groove; 332. Horizontal section; 34. Return spring; 35. Driving wheel; 36. Driving shaft; 361. Driving thread; 37. Bushing; 371. Driving screw groove;

[0055] 4. Screed plate; 41. Triangular structure; 42. Gathering block; 43. Resonant reed;

[0056] 5. Micro-vibration assembly; 51. Push plate; 511. Extrusion bump; 52. Active plate; 521. Extrusion groove; 522. Vibration bump; 53. Reciprocating spring; 54. Rotary wheel; 55. Driven plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] The frame of the metal 3D printer is equipped with a powder feeding area and a working area. Metal powder is placed in both the powder feeding area and the working area. Electric push rods are installed under the powder feeding area and the working area. When the metal 3D printer is working, the laser device emits a laser to sinter the metal powder in the working area. After the laser sintering is completed, the electric push rod drives the metal powder in the working area to drop one layer, and the metal powder in the powder feeding area to rise one layer. Then the powder spreading roller slides horizontally to spread the metal powder in the powder feeding area on the sintered metal powder in the working area. The laser device sinters the newly laid metal powder in the working area, and then repeats the above steps, thereby stacking layer by layer to complete the printing of the required object.

[0059] During the metal powder 3D printing process, a multi-energy field can be added to the magnetic field and vibration field and the thermal field of laser sintering to form an auxiliary metal powder 3D printing. The vibration and magnetic field work together to stir the molten pool, thereby improving the uniformity of the material. The application of the magnetic field helps the formation of equiaxed crystals, thereby improving the plasticity of the material. The use of the thermal field can form strengthening precipitates in situ in the material, thereby obtaining better strength.

[0060] However, during the process of spreading metal powder by the powder roller, the powder roller will push the metal powder to move toward the two ends of the powder roller, resulting in less metal powder in the middle area than at the two ends, causing the powder roller to spread the metal powder unevenly, resulting in insufficient laser sintering thickness, and affecting the quality of the finished product of metal 3D printing. At the same time, when the powder roller is spreading the metal powder, some metal powder will adhere to the powder roller, resulting in unevenness, which affects the uniform spreading of the metal powder.

[0061] The present invention provides a technical solution: a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling:

[0062] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a metal 3D printing method and device based on multi-energy field coupling, a metal 3D printing device based on multi-energy field coupling, including a metal 3D printer 1, a powder spreading device 2, a leveling component 3, a leveling plate 4, and a micro-vibration component 5; the metal 3D printer 1 is provided with a working area 11 and a powder replenishing area 12 side by side, and metal powder is placed in the working area 11 and the powder replenishing area 12; the powder spreading device 2 is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer 1, and the powder spreading device 2 includes an electric push rod 21, a roller frame 22 and a powder spreading roller 23; the electric push rod 21 is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer 1, and the electric push rod 2 1 is fixedly connected to the roller frame 22, and a powder spreading roller 23 is rotatably mounted on the roller frame 22; the powder spreading roller 23 is slidably mounted in the metal 3D printer 1, and the powder spreading roller 23 is located between the leveling components 3; the leveling component 3 is located in the metal 3D printer 1, and a leveling plate 4 is provided at one end of the leveling component 3. When the powder spreading roller 23 spreads metal powder, the powder spreading roller 23 drives the leveling plate 4 to slide vertically relative to itself through the leveling component 3; a micro-vibration component 5 is provided below the leveling component 3, and the micro-vibration component 5 is located in the working area 11. The leveling component 3 drives the micro-vibration component 5 to slide back and forth to achieve metal powder vibration;

[0063] Specifically, a laser device is provided above the working area 11 of the metal 3D printer 1. The laser device emits a laser to sinter the metal powder in the working area 11. The powder replenishing area 12 is used to replenish the powder in the working area 11 to cover the sintered metal powder, so as to carry out the next laser sintering, thereby stacking layer by layer to complete the 3D printing of the metal powder. When the metal powder in the working area 11 is sintered, the working area 11 drops one layer and the powder replenishing area 12 rises one layer. At this time, the electric push rod 21 pushes the roller frame 22 to slide horizontally, and the roller frame 22 drives the powder spreading roller 23 to move synchronously and slide from the powder replenishing area 12 to the working area 11. During the sliding process, the powder spreading roller 23 pushes the metal powder on the powder replenishing area 12 into the working area 11 to cover the sintered metal powder, and then carry out the next metal sintering. The powder spreading roller 23 covers the metal powder on the powder replenishing area 12. In the process of spreading the metal powder from the powder feeding area 12 to the working area 11, the metal powder moves toward both ends along the powder spreading roller 23, and the edge accumulation phenomenon occurs. At this time, the leveling component 3 drives the leveling plate 4 and the powder spreading roller 23 to slide vertically relative to each other, and the metal powder accumulated on the edge is evenly spread in the working area 11, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the metal powder spreading, thereby ensuring the processing quality of 3D printing. When the leveling plate 4 spreads the metal powder accumulated on the edge, the micro-vibration component 5 knocks on the working area 11 to generate vibration, and transmits the vibration to the metal powder in the working area 11, so that the metal powder is evenly spread under the action of vibration, reducing the gap between the metal powders, making the metal powder spread more evenly, and at the same time, the metal powder accumulated on the edge slides into the working area 11 under the action of vibration and is smoothed by the leveling plate 4, thereby avoiding waste of metal powder;

[0064] Preferably, the metal 3D printer 1 is provided with a recovery hole (not shown in the figure) on one side of the sliding direction of the screed 4, which is used to recycle excess metal powder for next use and reduce the use of metal powder.

[0065] In this embodiment, the leveling assembly 3 includes a transmission rack 31, a driving wheel 32, a reciprocating rod 33, a return spring 34, a driving wheel 35, a driving shaft 36 and a sleeve 37; the transmission rack 31 is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer 1, and a driving wheel 32 is provided above the transmission rack 31; the driving wheel 32 is connected to the powder spreading roller 23; the other end of the powder spreading roller 23 is connected to the reciprocating rod 33; the reciprocating rod 33 is divided into a vertical section 331 and a horizontal section 332, and the vertical section 331 is provided with an arc groove 331 that cooperates with the powder spreading roller 23 1. The horizontal section 332 is connected to the inner wall of the metal 3D printer 1 via a return spring 34. The horizontal section 332 is provided with gear teeth. Two drive wheels 35 are provided above the horizontal section 332. The drive wheels 35 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area 11. A drive shaft 36 is fixedly mounted on the drive wheels 35. The drive shaft 36 is provided with a drive thread 361. A shaft sleeve 37 is slidably mounted on the drive shaft 36. A drive screw groove 371 is defined in the shaft sleeve 37 for mating with the drive shaft 36. The shaft sleeve 37 is fixedly connected to the screed plate 4.

[0066] Specifically, when the working area 11 is processed and needs to be replenished with powder, the powder spreading roller 23 slides horizontally under the action of the electric push rod 21. During the sliding process, the powder spreading roller 23 drives the driving wheel 32 to slide synchronously, thereby making the driving wheel 32 mesh with the transmission rack 31, so that the driving wheel 32 rotates, and then drives the powder spreading roller 23 to rotate, thereby increasing the pressure of the powder spreading roller 23 on the metal powder, improving the spreading effect of the powder spreading roller 23 on the metal powder, reducing the gap between the metal powders, and improving the uniformity of the powder spreading; when the powder spreading roller 23 has finished spreading the metal powder and leaves the working area 11, the powder spreading roller 23 contacts the reciprocating rod 33, and the arc-shaped groove 3311 on the reciprocating rod 33 contacts the powder spreading roller 23, thereby increasing the contact area between the reciprocating rod 33 and the powder spreading roller 23, thereby increasing the interaction force between the powder spreading roller 23 and the reciprocating rod 33, making it easier for the powder spreading roller 23 to push the reciprocating rod 3 3 synchronous movement, the reciprocating rod 33 squeezes the return spring 34 during the horizontal sliding process, and the return spring 34 is used to realize the completion of laser sintering. When the powder spreading roller 23 is reset to spread the metal powder next time, the reciprocating rod 33 is pushed to reset. At the same time, when the reciprocating rod 33 slides horizontally, the gear teeth on the horizontal section 332 engage with the driving wheel 35, thereby driving the two driving wheels 35 to rotate synchronously. When the driving wheel 35 rotates, it drives the driving shaft 36 to move synchronously. When the driving shaft 36 rotates, the driving thread 361 thereon engages with the driving groove 371 in the shaft sleeve 37, and then the shaft sleeve 36 slides horizontally, so that the shaft sleeve 37 pushes the screed plate 4 to slide and spread the metal powder for the second time, so that the metal powder accumulated on the edge is evenly spread in the working area 11. When the screed plate 4 finishes moving, the screed plate 4 is just at the edge of the working area 11 and will not interfere with the sintering of the metal powder by the laser device;

[0067] Preferably, the distance between the powder spreading roller 23 and the inner wall of the metal 3D printer 1 is greater than the distance between the screed plate 4 and the inner wall of the metal 3D printer 1 when the screed plate 4 is in the initial position.

[0068] In this embodiment, the transmission rack 31 is a right-angled trapezoidal gear 311, and the driving wheel 32 is a telescopic wheel. A telescopic cavity 321 is formed on the driving wheel 32, and telescopic gear teeth are slidably installed in the telescopic cavity 321. The telescopic gear teeth are isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322, and the telescopic wheel and the telescopic cavity 321 are connected by a telescopic spring 323.

[0069] Specifically, the transmission rack 31 and the driving wheel 32 are one-way transmission, so that the powder spreading roller 23 can rotate when it moves from the powder replenishing area 12 to the working area 11, and the powder spreading thread 231 pushes the metal powder to move toward the center. When the powder spreading roller 23 slides and resets from the working area 11 to the powder replenishing area 12, the powder spreading roller 23 does not rotate, thereby preventing the powder spreading roller 23 from rotating, affecting the metal powder that has been sintered, destroying the metal powder that has been sintered, and causing a decrease in printing quality. When the driving wheel 32 follows the powder spreading roller 23 to move from the powder replenishing area 12 to the working area 11, the isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322 on the driving wheel 32 and the right-angled trapezoidal gear teeth 322 on the transmission rack 31 The inclined surfaces of the teeth 311 mesh with each other, thereby pushing the driving wheel 32 to rotate. At this time, the force between the meshing of the isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322 and the right-angled trapezoidal gear teeth 311 is less than the force of the deformation of the tension spring. When the powder spreading roller 23 is reset and moves from the working area 11 to the powder replenishing area 12, the driving wheel 32 moves synchronously with the powder spreading roller 23. At this time, the inclined surface of the isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322 contacts the right-angled surface of the right-angled trapezoid. At this time, the force between the isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322 and the right-angled trapezoidal gear teeth 311 increases, and the isosceles trapezoidal gear teeth 322 squeeze the telescopic spring 323 to slide into the telescopic cavity 321. The driving wheel 32 does not rotate, and the powder spreading roller 23 also does not rotate.

[0070] In this embodiment, one end of the powder spreading roller 23 is provided with a powder spreading thread 231, and the screed plate 4 is located away from the end of the powder spreading roller 23 provided with the powder spreading thread 231;

[0071] Specifically, the powder spreading thread 231 on the powder spreading roller 23 will push the metal powder to slide horizontally along the axial direction of the powder spreading roller 23 during the rotation of the powder spreading roller 23, thereby reducing the edge accumulation phenomenon. The powder spreading thread 231 is opened at one end of the powder spreading roller 23, so that the metal powder slides only in one direction, avoiding the metal powder from sliding in the center, thereby causing the metal powder to accumulate in the central area, resulting in less metal powder on both sides of the working area 11, resulting in uneven distribution of the metal powder. The leveling plate 4 is located away from the powder spreading roller 23 and is provided with a powder spreading thread One end of the pattern 231 causes the powder spreading thread 231 to push the metal powder toward the smoothing plate 4. At the same time, the end without the powder spreading thread 231 will push the metal powder to accumulate at the edge, so that the metal powder only moves along the direction of the smoothing plate 4, and the metal powder accumulates in front of the smoothing plate 4. When the smoothing plate 4 slides, the accumulated metal powder can be evenly spread on the working area 11. At the same time, the patterns generated by the rotation of the powder spreading thread 231 are smoothed to ensure the flatness of the metal powder surface in the working area 11.

[0072] In this embodiment, the powder spreading roller 23 is sprayed with antistatic paint;

[0073] Specifically, when the powder spreading roller 23 pushes the metal powder to move for spreading, friction will be generated between the powder spreading roller 23 and the metal powder, and static electricity will be generated through friction, so that the metal powder is adsorbed on the powder spreading roller 23 under the action of static electricity, resulting in gaps between the metal powders, causing the metal powder in the working area 11 to avoid being uneven. By spraying antistatic agent on the powder spreading roller 23, static electricity can be avoided, and the metal powder can be prevented from adhering to the powder spreading roller 23, thereby improving the uniformity of the metal powder spreading by the powder spreading roller 23.

[0074] In this embodiment, the bottom end of the screed plate 4 is a triangular structure 41, and gathering blocks 42 are provided at both ends of the screed plate 4;

[0075] Specifically, the triangular structure 41 at the bottom of the screed plate 4 reduces the contact area between the screed plate 4 and the metal powder, thereby enhancing the force of the screed plate 4 on the metal powder and improving the paving effect of the screed plate 4 on the metal powder. At the same time, the gathering blocks 42 at both ends of the metal plate enable the metal powder moving to both sides of the screed plate 4 to accumulate at the gathering blocks 42 during the metal paving process, and move along the inclined surface of the gathering blocks 42 toward the middle end, thereby improving the uniformity of the secondary paving.

[0076] In this embodiment, the micro-vibration assembly 5 includes a push plate 51, an active plate 52, a reciprocating spring 53, a rotating wheel 54 and a driven plate 55; the push plate 51 is slidably installed in the metal 3D printer 1, and the push plate 51 is fixedly connected to the horizontal section 332 of the reciprocating rod 33. The push plate 51 has a linear array of extrusion protrusions 511, and an active plate 52 is provided on the side of the extrusion protrusion 511; there are two active plates 52, and the two active plates 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area 11. One end of the active plate 52 is slidably connected to the metal 3D printer 1 through the reciprocating spring 53, and the other end of the active plate 52 is provided with an extrusion protrusion. The protrusion 511 cooperates with the extrusion groove 521, the middle end of the active plate 52 close to the working area 11 is provided with a vibration protrusion 522, and the working area 11 is provided with a collision protrusion 111 that cooperates with the vibration protrusion 522. When the push plate 51 moves synchronously with the reciprocating rod 33, the active plate 52 is connected to the return spring 34 at one end and is provided with a rotating wheel 54; the rotating wheel 54 is engaged with the active plate 52, and the other side of the rotating wheel 54 is provided with a driven plate 55; the driven plate 55 is arranged perpendicular to the active plate 52, the driven plate 55 is located outside the working area 11, and the upper end surface of the driven plate 55 is provided with a vibration protrusion 522;

[0077] Specifically, when the reciprocating rod 33 slides, it drives the push plate 51 to move synchronously. During the movement of the push plate 51, the extrusion protrusion 511 squeezes the extrusion groove 521 on the active plate 52, thereby pushing the active plate 52 to slide. The active plate 52 squeezes the reciprocating spring 53 to contract. When the extrusion protrusion 511 separates from the extrusion groove 521, the active plate 52 is reset under the action of the return spring 34, and then is squeezed and pushed by the next extrusion protrusion 511 to slide horizontally, thereby realizing the reciprocating motion of the active rod. During the reciprocating motion of the active plate 52, the active plate 52 drives the vibration protrusion 522 thereon to collide with the collision protrusion on the working area 11. The active plate 52 engages with the intermediate wheel 54 during its reciprocating sliding, thereby driving the intermediate wheel 54 to rotate, thereby driving the driven plate 55 to reciprocate synchronously through the intermediate wheel 54. During the reciprocating motion of the driven plate 55, the vibration protrusion 522 thereon contacts the collision protrusion 111 to generate vibration. The vibration generated by the driven plate 55 acts on the metal powder accumulated on the edge, causing the metal powder accumulated on the edge to move toward the center.

[0078] In this embodiment, the vibration bump 522 and the collision bump 111 are both made of rubber, and the collision bump 111 is a conical structure 1111;

[0079] Specifically, the rubber material avoids hard contact between the vibration bump 522 and the collision bump 111, reduces the intensity of the vibration, and prevents high-intensity vibration from affecting the sintered metal powder, causing the sintered metal powder to slip. At the same time, the conical structure 1111 of the collision bump 111 guides the slight vibration, so that the slight vibration is evenly transmitted in the working area 11.

[0080] In this embodiment, the active plate 52 is located directly below the screed plate 4, and the screed plate 4 is provided with a resonant reed 43;

[0081] Specifically, when the active plate 52 reciprocates so that the vibration bump 522 contacts the collision bump 111 and vibrates, the vibration is transmitted along the metal 3D printer 1 to the leveling plate 4 directly above the active plate 52. The resonance reed 43 on the leveling plate 4 receives the vibration and vibrates. The resonance reed 43 located on the gathering blocks 42 at both ends resonates, thereby enhancing the vibration of the upper surface of the working area 11, and then promoting the metal powder between the gathering blocks 42 to vibrate and move toward the middle section, thereby promoting the guiding effect of the gathering blocks 42, reducing the edge accumulation phenomenon of the leveling plate 4 during movement, and improving the uniformity of metal powder distribution.

[0082] When the metal 3D printing device based on multi-energy field coupling of the present invention is in use, after the laser sintering of the working area 11 is completed, the height of the working area 11 is lowered by one layer, thereby driving the metal powder in the working area 11 to drop synchronously, and the powder replenishing area 12 to rise by one layer, thereby causing the metal powder to exceed the powder replenishing area 12, making it easier for the powder spreading roller 23 to replenish the powder in the working area 11;

[0083] The electric push rod 21 starts to push the roller frame 22 to slide horizontally, and the roller frame 22 drives the powder spreading roller 23 to slide synchronously, and the powder spreading roller 23 moves along the powder replenishing area 12 to the working area 11. During the movement of the powder spreading roller 23, the driving wheel 32 is driven to move synchronously, and the driving wheel 32 is engaged with the transmission rack 31 to rotate, thereby driving the powder spreading roller 23 to rotate synchronously. When the powder spreading roller 23 rotates, the powder spreading thread 231 thereon rotates synchronously to transport the metal powder toward the leveling plate 4. When the powder spreading roller 23 disengages from the working area 11, the powder spreading roller 23 contacts the reciprocating rod 33, and the powder spreading roller 23 pushes the reciprocating rod 33 to move synchronously. The reciprocating rod 33 squeezes the reset spring 34. At the same time, the reciprocating rod 33 drives the two driving wheels 35 to rotate synchronously. The driving shaft 36 rotates synchronously, and the driving shaft 36 pushes the sleeve 37 to slide horizontally through the driving thread 361. The sleeve 37 pushes the screed plate 4 to slide horizontally to spread the metal powder accumulated on the edge. The reciprocating rod 33 drives the push plate 51 to move synchronously during its movement. The push plate 51 drives the active plate 52 to reciprocate through the cooperation of the extrusion protrusion 511 and the reciprocating spring 53. The active plate 52 drives the driven plate 55 to reciprocate through the rotating wheel 54. During the reciprocating movement of the active plate 52 and the driven plate 55, the vibration protrusions 522 on the active plate 52 and the driven plate 55 contact the collision protrusion 111 on the working area 11 and vibrate, thereby promoting the movement of the metal powder, reducing the gap between the metal powders, and improving the uniformity of the metal powder distribution.

[0084] When the laser device completes sintering, the electric push rod 21 pulls the roller frame 22 to reset, and the roller frame 22 drives the powder spreading roller 23 to reset, and the powder spreading roller 23 drives the driving wheel 32 to move synchronously and reset. At this time, the driving wheel 32 is not engaged with the transmission rack 31, so that the powder spreading roller 23 does not rotate. During the reset process of the powder spreading roller 23, the powder spreading roller 23 no longer pushes the reciprocating rod 33. The reciprocating rod 33 resets and moves under the action of the reset spring 34. The reset of the reciprocating rod 33 drives the driving wheel 35 to reverse, and the driving wheel 35 drives the driving shaft 36 to reverse. The driving shaft 36 pulls the shaft sleeve 37 to reset, and the shaft sleeve 37 drives the smoothing plate 4 to reset. When the smoothing plate 4 is reset, the powder spreading roller 23 just moves to the edge of the working area 11, and the electric push rod 21 continues to pull the powder spreading roller 23 to reset. The reset of the powder spreading roller 23 is completed, and the above actions are continued to complete layer-by-layer printing.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A metal 3D printing device based on multi-energy field coupling, characterized by: It includes a metal 3D printer (1), a powder spreading device (2), a leveling component (3), a leveling plate (4), and a micro-vibration component (5); The metal 3D printer (1) is provided with a working area (11) and a powder replenishing area (12) side by side, and metal powder is placed in the working area (11) and the powder replenishing area (12); The powder spreading device (2) is slidably mounted in the metal 3D printer (1), and the powder spreading device (2) comprises an electric push rod (21), a roller frame (22), and a powder spreading roller (23); the electric push rod (21) is fixedly mounted in the metal 3D printer (1), the electric push rod (21) is fixedly connected to the roller frame (22), and the powder spreading roller (23) is rotatably mounted on the roller frame (22); The powder spreading roller (23) is slidably mounted in the metal 3D printer (1), and the powder spreading roller (23) is located between the leveling components (3); The leveling component (3) is located in the metal 3D printer (1), and a leveling plate (4) is provided at one end of the leveling component (3). When the powder spreading roller (23) spreads metal powder, the powder spreading roller (23) drives the leveling plate (4) to slide vertically with itself through the leveling component (3); The leveling assembly (3) includes a transmission rack (31), a driving wheel (32), a reciprocating rod (33), a return spring (34), a driving wheel (35), a driving shaft (36) and a shaft sleeve (37); The transmission rack (31) is fixedly installed in the metal 3D printer (1), and a driving wheel (32) is provided above the transmission rack (31); The transmission rack (31) is a right-angled trapezoidal gear tooth (311), the driving wheel (32) is a telescopic wheel, a telescopic cavity (321) is provided on the driving wheel (32), an isosceles trapezoidal gear tooth (322) is slidably mounted in the telescopic cavity (321), and the isosceles trapezoidal gear tooth (322) and the telescopic cavity (321) are connected via a telescopic spring (323); The driving wheel (32) is connected to the powder spreading roller (23); The other end of the powder spreading roller (23) is connected to the reciprocating rod (33); The reciprocating rod (33) is divided into a vertical section (331) and a horizontal section (332). The vertical section (331) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (3311) that cooperates with the powder spreading roller (23). The horizontal section (332) is connected to the inner wall of the metal 3D printer (1) via a return spring (34). The horizontal section (332) is provided with gear teeth. Two driving wheels (35) are provided above the horizontal section (332). The driving wheels (35) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area (11), and a driving shaft (36) is fixedly mounted on the driving wheels (35); The drive shaft (36) is provided with a drive thread (361), and a shaft sleeve (37) is slidably mounted on the drive shaft (36); A driving screw groove (371) is provided in the shaft sleeve (37) for engaging with the driving shaft (36), and the shaft sleeve (37) is fixedly connected to the screed plate (4); A micro-vibration component (5) is provided below the leveling component (3), and the micro-vibration component (5) is located in the working area (11). The leveling component (3) drives the micro-vibration component (5) to slide back and forth to achieve vibration of the metal powder.

2. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder spreading roller (23) is sprayed with antistatic paint.

3. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the powder spreading roller (23) is provided with a powder spreading thread (231), and the leveling plate (4) is located away from the end of the powder spreading roller (23) provided with the powder spreading thread (231).

4. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the screed plate (4) is a triangular structure (41), and gathering blocks (42) are provided at both ends of the screed plate (4).

5. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-vibration assembly (5) comprises a push plate (51), an active plate (52), a reciprocating spring (53), a rotating wheel (54) and a driven plate (55); The push plate (51) is slidably mounted in the metal 3D printer (1), the push plate (51) is fixedly connected to the horizontal section (332) of the reciprocating rod (33), a linear array of extrusion protrusions (511) is provided on the push plate (51), and an active plate (52) is provided on the side of the extrusion protrusions (511); There are two active plates (52), and the two active plates (52) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the working area (11). One end of the active plate (52) is slidably connected to the metal 3D printer (1) via a reciprocating spring (53). The other end of the active plate (52) is provided with an extrusion groove (521) that cooperates with the extrusion protrusion (511). A vibration protrusion (522) is provided at the middle end of the active plate (52) on the side close to the working area (11). A rotating wheel (54) is provided at one end of the active plate (52) connected to the return spring (34). The rotating wheel (54) is engaged with the driving plate (52), and a driven plate (55) is provided on the other side of the rotating wheel (54); The driven plate (55) is arranged perpendicularly to the active plate (52), the driven plate (55) is located outside the working area (11), and a vibration bump (522) is provided on the upper end surface of the driven plate (55); The working area (11) is provided with a collision bump (111) that cooperates with the vibration bump (522).

6. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration bump (522) and the collision bump (111) are both made of rubber, and the collision bump (111) is a conical structure (1111).

7. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The active plate (52) is located directly below the screed plate (4), and a resonant reed (43) is provided on the screed plate (4).

8. A metal 3D printing method based on multi-energy field coupling, used for the metal 3D printing device based on multi-energy field coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Add metal powder to the working area (11) and powder replenishing area (12) of the metal 3D printer (1); Step 2: The powder spreading roller (23) is started to spread the powder in the working area (11), and at the same time, it drives the leveling component (3) and the micro-vibration component (5) to perform secondary leveling; Step 3: The laser device sintering the metal powder in the working area (11); Step 4: the powder spreading roller (23) is reset, and the leveling component (3) and the micro-vibration component (5) are reset; Step 5: The working area (11) descends, the powder replenishing area (12) rises, and the powder spreading roller (23) spreads powder to prepare for the next sintering.

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