Testing device and testing method for underwater suspended tunnel viewing window

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of marine engineering and bridge and tunnel engineering, and relates to a testing device and a testing method for a viewing window of a submerged floating tunnel, which comprises: a prefabricated reverse-arc structure formed by integral molding and pouring, and provided with an opening for installing the viewing window to simulate a water pressure environment outside a tunnel segment, and side plates installed at both ends of the reverse-arc structure to form a closed space; the viewing window is made of acrylic material and arranged in a reverse-arc structure, and arranged at the opening of the prefabricated reverse-arc structure for installing the viewing window and closing the opening; and a sealing device comprising a silica gel sealing gasket and a baffle, wherein the silica gel sealing gasket is arranged between the viewing window and the prefabricated reverse-arc structure, the baffle is fixed to the prefabricated reverse-arc structure by expansion bolts, and the viewing window is fixed at the opening of the prefabricated reverse-arc structure. The present application innovatively realizes performance testing of the viewing window of the submerged floating tunnel through the prefabricated reverse-arc structure and the advanced sealing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical fields of marine engineering and bridge and tunnel engineering, and relates to a testing device and test method for a viewing window in a suspended tunnel underwater. Background Technology

[0002] Suspended tunnels, also known as Archimedes bridges, are a new type of waterway transportation structure that demonstrates unique advantages in crossing deep-sea straits, large rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. They cleverly utilize their own buoyancy to distribute the tunnel's weight and traffic load. Compared to traditional cross-sea bridges and immersed tunnels, they offer numerous advantages, including a gentler longitudinal gradient, shorter overall structural length, and the ability to operate in all weather conditions, making them one of the most competitive cross-sea engineering solutions in the 21st century.

[0003] In recent years, with the increasing demand for aesthetically pleasing underwater architecture, the application of underwater viewing windows has become increasingly widespread. For example, the underwater tunnels in aquariums that immerse visitors in the underwater world, the unique underwater suites at the Atlantis Sanya Hotel, and the distinctive water-view rooms at the InterContinental Shanghai Shimao Hotel all utilize underwater viewing window technology, bringing novel and wonderful visual experiences. However, current underwater viewing window technology mostly focuses on small-scale underwater structures. For viewing windows used in large underwater suspended tunnels, especially in deep-sea environments, they face more stringent and complex performance requirements. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of systematic performance testing research and mature experimental schemes for viewing windows in such large underwater suspended tunnels.

[0004] Currently, research on underwater viewing windows mainly focuses on material properties and structural design. Among these, acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) is widely used in the field due to its high transparency, excellent weather resistance, and good chemical corrosion resistance. However, it should be noted that for viewing devices in underwater suspended tunnels, simply focusing on material properties is far from sufficient; the structural safety performance under various complex conditions, such as continuous high water pressure and impacts from solid transport, must also be fully considered.

[0005] In view of this, in order to ensure the safety and aesthetics of underwater suspended tunnel viewing windows in complex marine environments and to fill the gap in existing technology in this field, this invention aims to provide a testing device and method for underwater suspended tunnel viewing windows, so as to effectively test the performance of underwater suspended tunnel viewing windows in complex marine environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a testing device and test method for underwater suspended tunnel viewing windows, so as to effectively test the performance of underwater suspended tunnel viewing windows in complex marine environments, thereby ensuring the safety, stability and viewing effect of the viewing windows in complex marine environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A testing device for a floating tunnel viewing window in water includes:

[0009] The prefabricated inverted arc structure is cast in one piece and has an opening reserved for installing viewing windows to simulate the water pressure environment on the outside of the tunnel section. Side plates are installed at both ends to form a closed space, and water injection and pressurization are used to simulate the actual underwater water pressure load.

[0010] The viewing window is made of acrylic material and is designed with an inverted arc shape. It is placed at the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure for installing the viewing window and the opening is closed.

[0011] The sealing device includes a silicone sealing gasket and a baffle. The silicone sealing gasket is placed between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure. The baffle is fixed to the prefabricated inverted arc structure by expansion bolts, and the viewing window is fixed at the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the prefabricated inverted arc structure is also provided with an inlet and an outlet for water injection and drainage.

[0013] Furthermore, the side panel is a transparent side panel.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0015] The measurement system, including pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors and DIC detectors, is used to measure the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the viewing window, deformation, dynamic response and visual effect.

[0016] The external measuring structure, made of high-strength steel, is used to fix the measuring instrument.

[0017] Furthermore, the pressure sensor in the measurement system is installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the viewing window, the displacement sensor is installed on the external measurement structure, the strain sensor is installed on the prefabricated inverted arc structure, the acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the viewing window, and the DIC detector is installed on the external measurement structure, all for evaluating the visual effect of the viewing window and providing high-precision deformation and stress measurement data.

[0018] A test method for a floating tunnel viewing window in water, using the aforementioned test device, includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Construct a test model of the testing device, including a viewing window, sealing device, prefabricated inverted arc structure, and measurement system;

[0020] Step 2: Inject water and pressurize the viewing window to simulate the operating conditions of an underwater suspended tunnel. Gradually increase the water pressure and observe the deformation and sealing performance of the viewing window.

[0021] Step 3: Conduct an impact test on the viewing window to simulate the impact load of solid objects falling from the sea surface, and record the stress and deformation of the viewing window.

[0022] Step 4: Conduct a deflection test on the viewing window to simulate the water pressure under deep water conditions in a marine environment and observe the safety performance of the viewing window under continuous high water pressure.

[0023] Step 5: Dynamically collect and analyze various performance data of the viewing test device through the measurement system.

[0024] Furthermore, the water injection and pressurization test in step two includes:

[0025] a. Expansion bolt adjustment: By controlling the torque of the expansion bolts, the compression value of the baffle on the silicone sealing gasket is adjusted. Different compression values ​​are set to simulate different preload states.

[0026] b. Water injection and pressurization: Under different compression values, water was gradually injected and water pressures of 0 MPa, 0.5 MPa, and 1 MPa were applied, and the experimental results were recorded;

[0027] c. Observe the sealing performance: Under each water pressure level, observe the sealing performance between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure, and check for water leakage;

[0028] d. Record data: Record sealing performance data under different compression values ​​and water pressures, and analyze the impact of the compression value of the silicone gasket on the sealing performance.

[0029] Furthermore, the impact test in step three includes: setting up an impact device to simulate impact loads of different directions and speeds, applying impact loads to the viewing test device, and recording the stress and deformation of the viewing window.

[0030] Furthermore, the deflection test in step four includes: by applying different water pressures and maintaining the pressure for 48 hours, evaluating the structural performance of viewing window structures of different thicknesses under deep ocean conditions.

[0031] Furthermore, the data acquisition and analysis in step five includes: acquiring various performance data of the testing device in real time through pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors and DIC detectors, and processing and analyzing the data to evaluate the performance indicators of the viewing window.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This technical solution uses acrylic material to fabricate the viewing window, which is installed on a hexahedral sealing device with a reverse-curved surface. By injecting water into the sealed cavity and applying pressure, it simulates different marine water depth environments, innovatively realizing the performance testing of a suspended tunnel viewing window in water. This pressure test, conducted in a closed environment on land, makes the test more focused and effective compared to large-scale structural tests in underwater or deep-water environments, enabling rapid verification and optimization of the viewing window's design and installation process. The test device is relatively simple, facilitating parallel testing and iterative optimization, significantly reducing test costs and time, and improving test safety and operability. This design not only represents a technological breakthrough but also provides an efficient and reliable testing method for the practical application of viewing windows.

[0034] 2. This solution comprehensively verified the performance of the viewing window in complex marine environments through water pressure testing, water injection pressurization testing, impact testing, and deflection testing. The water injection pressurization test evaluated its sealing performance and structural stability under different water pressures; the impact test verified its resistance to external impacts; and the deflection test evaluated the deformation of the viewing window under different water depths. This multi-dimensional and systematic testing method provides a scientific basis for the design optimization of the viewing window, fully demonstrating its practical value.

[0035] 3. This technical solution is equipped with an advanced measurement system including pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors, and a DIC (Diverterless Computing) detector, significantly improving testing accuracy. In particular, the use of the DIC detector not only evaluates the visual effect of the viewing window but also provides high-precision deformation and stress data. This comprehensive monitoring capability provides reliable support for performance analysis, further enhancing the innovation and practicality of the technical solution and laying a solid foundation for the application of viewing windows in underwater tunnel engineering.

[0036] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a test device for a floating tunnel viewing window in an embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end face of a test device for a floating tunnel viewing window in an embodiment.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of bolt anchor points on the baffle in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of an experimental method for a floating tunnel viewing window in water, as described in the embodiment.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1-casting part; 2-baffle; 3-transparent acrylic sheet; 4-silicone sealing gasket; 5-expansion bolt; 6-transparent side plate. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0044] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0045] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1: Structure and Installation of a Test Device for a Floating Tunnel Viewing Window in Water

[0047] This embodiment details the structure, material selection, and installation process of the testing device to ensure the stability and sealing of the viewing window in a simulated underwater environment.

[0048] 1.1 Structure of the testing device

[0049] like Figure 1 (Cross-section diagram) and Figure 2 As shown in the end-face diagram, the testing device includes the following main parts:

[0050] Precast inverted arc structure 1: Constructed as a single piece of reinforced concrete, simulating the water pressure environment on the outside of a suspended tunnel segment. The structure is inverted arc shape, with the curvature and dimensions optimized according to the design water depth (e.g., 100 meters) and water pressure (1 MPa). An opening is reserved in the middle of the structure during prefabrication for installing a viewing window. Transparent side panels 6 are installed at both ends to form a closed space, facilitating water injection and pressurization to simulate the underwater environment.

[0051] Furthermore, a support frame made of high-strength steel is provided at the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure 1 for installing the viewing window 3. The support frame is fixed to the prefabricated inverted arc structure 1 through connectors, and thus serves as the support frame for installing the viewing window 3.

[0052] Viewing Window 3: Made of transparent PMMA sheet, with a thickness calculated based on the design water pressure (e.g., 50mm at a water depth of 100 meters) to ensure strength and transparency. The shape of the viewing window matches the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure, and the opening is completely sealed during installation.

[0053] Sealing device: includes a silicone sealing gasket 4 and a baffle 2. The silicone sealing gasket is placed between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure. The baffle is fixed to the prefabricated inverted arc structure by expansion bolts 5, pressing the silicone sealing gasket to ensure a tight seal. Figure 3 As shown, the force is evenly distributed to provide a stable clamping force.

[0054] Furthermore, a silicone sealing gasket 4 is also provided between the baffle 2 and the viewing window 3 to further improve the sealing performance.

[0055] Inlet and outlet: Located on a prefabricated inverted arc structure, used for injecting and draining water into the enclosed space to simulate different water pressure conditions.

[0056] Measurement system: includes:

[0057] Pressure sensor: Installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the viewing window to measure the water pressure difference.

[0058] Displacement sensor: Installed on an external measuring structure to measure the deformation of the viewing window.

[0059] Strain sensor: Installed on a prefabricated inverted arc structure to measure structural strain.

[0060] Accelerometer sensor: Installed in the center of the viewing window to measure dynamic response.

[0061] DIC (Digital Injection) detector: Installed on an external measurement structure, it evaluates visual effects and provides high-precision deformation data.

[0062] External measuring structure: Made of high-strength steel, it is fixed to the outside of the prefabricated inverted arc structure and is used to install displacement sensors and DIC detectors to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0063] 1.2 Installation Process

[0064] Fabrication of prefabricated inverted arc structure: According to the design drawings, reinforced concrete is used for integral casting, with reserved openings for viewing windows and water inlets and outlets.

[0065] Install transparent side panels 6: Install transparent side panels at both ends of the prefabricated inverted arc structure to form a closed space.

[0066] Install the first layer of silicone sealing gasket 4: Lay the silicone sealing gasket at the opening edge of the prefabricated inverted arc structure.

[0067] Install the viewing window 3: Place the acrylic viewing window on the silicone sealing pad, ensuring that the opening is completely covered.

[0068] Install a second layer of silicone sealing gasket 4: Lay another layer of silicone sealing gasket between the viewing window and the baffle.

[0069] Install baffle 2: Place the baffle above the viewing window and fix it to the prefabricated inverted arc structure with expansion bolts 5. Tighten the bolts evenly to compress the sealing gasket.

[0070] Installation of measurement system: Pressure sensors are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the viewing window, displacement sensors and DIC detectors are installed on the external measurement structure, strain sensors are installed on the prefabricated inverted arc structure, and an acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the viewing window.

[0071] Through the above steps, the testing device can operate stably and simulate the underwater environment, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent experiments.

[0072] Example 2: Experimental method for underwater suspended tunnel viewing window

[0073] This embodiment describes in detail the test method for evaluating the performance of the viewing window using the test device in Embodiment 1, including water injection pressurization test and impact test.

[0074] 2.1 Overview of Test Methods

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown in the schematic diagram of the test method, the test method includes the following steps:

[0076] Fabrication of test model: Fabricate a test model of the test device according to the device structure and installation process in Example 1.

[0077] Water pressure test: Conduct a water pressure test on the viewing device, gradually increase the water pressure, and observe the deformation and sealing performance of the viewing window.

[0078] Water injection and pressurization test: Simulate underwater operating conditions, gradually increase water pressure, and evaluate the deformation and sealing performance of the viewing window.

[0079] Impact test: Simulate solid impact loads such as falling objects from the sea surface to evaluate the impact resistance of the viewing window.

[0080] Viewing window deflection test: to evaluate the deformation of the viewing window under different water pressure conditions.

[0081] Data Acquisition and Analysis: Data is collected in real time through a measurement system to analyze the performance indicators of the viewing window.

[0082] 2.2 Water pressure test

[0083] The specific steps for water pressure testing are as follows:

[0084] 2.2.1 Install the test model in the water pressure testing device and ensure that the viewing window is firmly connected to the supporting structure.

[0085] 2.2.2. Gradually increase the water pressure, starting from 0 MPa and gradually increasing it to 1.5 times the design working water pressure.

[0086] 2.2.3. Under each water pressure level, observe the deformation of the viewing window and record the deformation data.

[0087] 2.2.4. Check the sealing performance of the sealing device to ensure there is no water leakage.

[0088] 2.3 Water Injection and Pressure Test

[0089] 2.3.1 Adjustment of expansion bolts

[0090] Objective: To determine the appropriate compression value of the silicone gasket to ensure sealing performance.

[0091] Operation: Control the torque of the expansion bolts with a torque wrench, and set the compression values ​​to 2mm, 4mm and 6mm respectively to simulate different preload states.

[0092] 2.3.2 Water Injection and Pressurization

[0093] Operation: At each compression value, water is injected into the enclosed space through the inlet, and water pressure of 0MPa, 0.5MPa and 1MPa is gradually applied.

[0094] Observation: Under each water pressure level, observe the sealing performance between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure, and check for water leakage.

[0095] Record: Record the sealing performance data under different compression values ​​and water pressures.

[0096] 2.4 Impact Test

[0097] 2.4.1 Test Setup

[0098] Impact device: A controllable impact device is set up to simulate the impact of a 10kg object at a speed of 5m / s.

[0099] 2.4.2 Test Operation

[0100] Operation: Apply an impact load to the viewing window and record the stress and deformation before and after the impact.

[0101] Measurement: An accelerometer was used to record the acceleration changes during the impact, and a displacement sensor was used to measure the permanent deformation after the impact. A DIC was used to accurately record the deformation of the viewing window structure during the test. The degree of damage to the surface of the viewing window material before and after the impact was observed, as well as whether there was any water leakage.

[0102] 2.5 Viewing Window Deflection Test

[0103] The deflection test of the viewing window aims to evaluate its deformation under different water pressure conditions, ensuring that it does not deform excessively under operating water pressure, thereby guaranteeing both the viewing experience and structural safety. The test procedures are as follows:

[0104] Selection of viewing window thickness: Experiments were conducted using viewing windows of different thicknesses to evaluate the impact of different thicknesses on the deflection of the viewing window.

[0105] Water injection and pressurization: Under different viewing window thicknesses, water was gradually injected and water pressures of 0MPa, 0.5MPa, and 1MPa were applied, and the pressure was maintained for 48 hours. The experimental results were recorded.

[0106] Deflection measurement: At each water pressure level, the deflection of the viewing window was measured using a displacement detector (DIC), and the deformation data was recorded.

[0107] Observe the visual effects: Obtain images of the target through the viewfinder from different angles and evaluate the impact of viewfinder distortion on the viewing experience.

[0108] 2.6 Data Acquisition and Analysis

[0109] Data acquisition: Various data are acquired in real time through pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors and DIC detectors.

[0110] Data analysis: Process the collected data to evaluate the deformation, sealing performance, impact resistance and dynamic response of the viewing window.

[0111] Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive analysis results, the viewing window performs well in the simulated underwater environment and meets the design and operational requirements.

[0112] Analysis of experimental results:

[0113] By conducting water pressure tests, water injection and pressurization tests (bonding strength test of water-stopping material), impact tests, and viewing window deflection tests on the viewing device, its performance in complex marine environments can be comprehensively evaluated. The test results show that:

[0114] Water pressure test: The viewing window maintains good sealing performance under the designed operating water pressure, with no water leakage. Under the maximum test water pressure, the deformation of the viewing window is within the allowable range and meets the design requirements.

[0115] Bond strength test of water-stopping material: By adjusting the compression value of the silicone sealing gasket, a suitable pre-tightening bolt torque was determined to ensure the sealing performance between the viewing window and the supporting structure. The test results show that the compression value that prevents water leakage under working water pressure is a suitable pre-tightening value.

[0116] Impact test: The viewing device can withstand the impact load of solid movement such as simulated falling objects from the sea surface. The stress and deformation of the viewing window are within the design range, and the impact resistance is good.

[0117] Viewing window deflection test: By measuring the deflection of viewing windows of different thicknesses under different water pressures, the appropriate viewing window thickness was determined. The test results show that under the working water pressure, the maximum deflection of the viewing window does not exceed 1 / 150 of the total span, ensuring good viewing effect and structural safety.

[0118] Through the above embodiments, this invention demonstrates the practical application of the underwater suspended tunnel viewing window testing device and its testing method. Embodiment 1 details the structure and installation process of the testing device, ensuring its stability and sealing. Embodiment 2 comprehensively evaluates the performance of the viewing window in a simulated underwater environment through water injection pressure testing, impact testing, and deflection testing.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for a floating tunnel viewing window in water, characterized in that, include: The prefabricated inverted arc structure is cast in one piece and has an opening reserved for installing viewing windows to simulate the water pressure environment on the outside of the tunnel section. Side plates are installed at both ends to form a closed space, and water injection and pressurization are used to simulate the actual underwater water pressure load. The viewing window is made of acrylic material and is designed with an inverted arc shape. It is placed at the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure for installing the viewing window and the opening is closed. The sealing device includes a silicone sealing gasket and a baffle. The silicone sealing gasket is placed between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure. The baffle is fixed to the prefabricated inverted arc structure by expansion bolts, and the viewing window is fixed at the opening of the prefabricated inverted arc structure. The measurement system, including pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors and DIC detectors, is used to measure the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the viewing window, deformation, dynamic response and visual effect. The external measuring structure, made of high-strength steel, is used to fix the measuring instrument. The pressure sensor in the measurement system is installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the viewing window, the displacement sensor is installed on the external measurement structure, the strain sensor is installed on the prefabricated inverted arc structure, the acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the viewing window, and the DIC detector is installed on the external measurement structure. It is used to evaluate the visual effect of the viewing window and provide high-precision deformation and stress measurement data.

2. The testing device for the underwater suspended tunnel viewing window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated inverted arc structure is also provided with an inlet and an outlet for water injection and drainage.

3. The testing device for the underwater suspended tunnel viewing window according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side panel is a transparent side panel.

4. A test method for a floating tunnel viewing window in water, characterized in that, The testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Construct a test model of the testing device, including a viewing window, sealing device, prefabricated inverted arc structure, and measurement system; Step 2: Inject water and pressurize the viewing window to simulate the operating conditions of an underwater suspended tunnel. Gradually increase the water pressure and observe the deformation and sealing performance of the viewing window. Step 3: Conduct an impact test on the viewing window to simulate the solid transport impact load of falling objects from the sea surface, and record the stress and deformation of the viewing window; Step 4: Conduct a deflection test on the viewing window to simulate the deformation of the viewing window structure under different water pressures; Step 5: Dynamically collect and analyze various performance data of the viewing test device through the measurement system.

5. The test method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water injection and pressurization test in step two includes: a. Expansion bolt adjustment: By controlling the torque of the expansion bolts, the compression value of the baffle on the silicone sealing gasket is adjusted. Different compression values ​​are set to simulate different preload states. b. Water injection and pressurization: Under different compression values, water was gradually injected and water pressures of 0 MPa, 0.5 MPa, and 1 MPa were applied, and the experimental results were recorded; c. Observe the sealing performance: Under each water pressure level, observe the sealing performance between the viewing window and the prefabricated inverted arc structure, and check for water leakage; d. Record data: Record sealing performance data under different compression values ​​and water pressures, and analyze the impact of the compression value of the silicone gasket on the sealing performance.

6. The test method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The impact test in step three includes: setting up an impact device in an underwater simulated environment to simulate impact loads of different directions and speeds, applying impact loads to the viewing test device, and recording the stress and deformation of the viewing window.

7. The test method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deflection test in step four includes: simulating the coupling effect of waves and ocean currents, the water pressure effect under the action of deep water in the marine environment, and observing the dynamic response of the viewing window under the continuous action of high water pressure in a complex marine environment.

8. The test method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition and analysis in step five includes: real-time acquisition of various performance data of the testing device through pressure sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, acceleration sensors and DIC detectors, and processing and analysis of the data to evaluate the performance indicators of the viewing window.

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