Fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a fusion ignition system based on a compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion energy. According to the system, high-speed and high-density compact ring plasma is generated through a symmetrical coaxial gun and injected into a vacuum chamber, cascade theta pinch is triggered by a single-turn ring array, the angular current and the magnetic field of a compact ring are enhanced, a moving magnetic mirror structure is formed by combining a superconducting steady-state magnetic cone, inclination instability is restrained, and the compact ring is pushed to a central collision area. After the compact rings on the two sides are collided and fused, the central magnetic mirror holding coil assembly provides slow theta pinch to maintain fusion conditions, and the plasma density gt is achieved; 1023 / m < 3 > and the ion temperature gt; 15 keV, and energy constraint time gt; and the Lawson criterion is met. The system can be switched to a magnetizing target fusion mode, and axial compression and magnetic reconnection fusion are carried out by impacting a magnetizing target through a secondary compact ring. The power generation module adopts cladding and electromagnetic induction dual-mode energy recovery. The technology has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, convenience in maintenance and the like, and provides a new way for commercial fusion power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of nuclear fusion energy technology, and specifically relates to a fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology, which is suitable for the development of controlled nuclear fusion energy. Background Art

[0002] Deuterium-tritium fusion ignition requires the Lawson criterion of high density, high ion temperature and long energy confinement time, that is, deuterium-tritium fusion ignition requires the fusion triple product Existing experimental devices face challenges in simultaneously meeting these requirements. Controlled nuclear fusion research has primarily focused on two approaches: magnetic confinement and inertial confinement. Magnetic confinement fusion offers a high energy confinement time, as evidenced by the seconds achieved in current tokamaks. However, the plasma density is typically low, five orders of magnitude lower than the particle density in air. Inertial confinement fusion, on the other hand, achieves very high plasma densities through target capsule compression, six orders of magnitude higher than the particle density in air, but with very short energy confinement times, typically measured in nanoseconds. Currently, both approaches remain a long way from commercializing fusion energy.

[0003] Magnetized plasma collisions are a technology for rapidly heating plasmas. Through magnetic reconnection, magnetic energy can be effectively converted into plasma thermal energy, even improving confinement performance. TAE, a US company, uses a field-reversed configuration to collide two field-reversed (FRC) plasmas, merging them into a single field-reversed plasma. A neutral beam is then applied to increase the plasma temperature and confinement performance for a duration of several milliseconds. Helion Energy, a US company, has achieved a plasma temperature of 9 keV (110 million degrees Celsius) through cascade compression of field-reversed plasmas. The company recently announced a power purchase agreement with Microsoft to connect the world's first commercial nuclear fusion generator to the grid and deliver it to Microsoft by 2028.

[0004] Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a fusion energy concept that combines the features of magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Similar to magnetic confinement, when fusion fuel is heated to a plasma, a magnetic field is used to confine the lower-density plasma. Furthermore, drawing on the principles of inertial confinement, the plasma density and temperature can be significantly increased by rapidly squeezing the target material, thereby triggering a fusion reaction. Magnetized target technology combines the advantages of magnetic confinement to mitigate plasma losses with inertial compression heating, opening up a new path for fusion energy development. Xingneng Xuanguang in China uses field inversion and inertial compression to first generate an FRC magnetized target plasma. Then, a field-inverted plasma, formed by four cascaded theta pinches, impacts and compresses the FRC magnetized target, directly converting the plasma's kinetic energy and some of its magnetic energy into heat. This approach is compact and cost-effective. Sandia National Laboratories in the United States has developed MagLIF technology. This technology first pre-sets an axial magnetic field to magnetize the fuel, thereby suppressing electron thermal conduction losses. The deuterium-tritium fuel is then heated to ~100 eV using a laser. Finally, a high-power pulsed current drives the fuel into an implosion, compressing it to a high-temperature, high-density state (commonly known as a Z-pinch), achieving a fusion energy gain, Q, close to unity. General Fusion, a Canadian company, injects a deuterium-tritium spherical plasma mass into a liquid metal liner and then compresses it with a high-power piston. This increases the plasma's transient pressure and density, reducing its reliance on extreme temperatures and achieving the conditions for fusion reactions. Simultaneously, the fusion reaction produces neutrons, which react with lithium in the liquid metal to produce more tritium. The company plans to achieve fusion conditions exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius by 2025, reach break-even by 2026, and provide commercial fusion energy to the power grid in the early to mid-2030s. Magnetized target fusion combines the advantages of extended energy confinement time of magnetic confinement with the high density of inertial confinement, making it an emerging fusion approach with strong market competitiveness.

[0005] For magnetized plasmas, the energy confinement time is typically between the Bohm ( ) and the gyro-Bohm ( ), while the plasma pressure ratio, which represents the ratio between magnetic pressure and thermal pressure, , so the fusion triple product can be written as , which means that a strong magnetic field and high specific pressure are required to achieve fusion ignition.

[0006] In recent years, the gradual maturity of high-temperature superconducting technology has brought new opportunities for magnetic confinement fusion. Due to the low specific pressures of tokamaks and stellarators (1-5%), they are bulky and require a large amount of superconducting material, resulting in high device costs. Furthermore, the three-dimensional coils of stellarators and the D-shaped coils of tokamaks are constrained by material stress, limiting the magnetic field strength at the fusion reaction site. To maximize the high-magnetic field advantages of high-temperature superconductors, it is necessary to find a way to allow fusion to occur at the center of a circular-cross-section solenoid and reduce the radius of the high-temperature superconducting coil.

[0007] In the field of high-magnetic field generation, the current mainstream solutions rely on two main technical approaches: steady-state high-magnetic field systems based on high-temperature superconducting materials, and pulsed high-magnetic field systems based on low-inductance copper coil architectures. High-temperature superconducting coils, with their high critical current density and negligible Joule heating losses, can maintain steady-state magnetic fields on the order of tens of Teslas at a low temperature of 4.2K. Pulsed high-magnetic field systems, by utilizing optimized coil inductance design and high-power pulse power supplies (peak currents in the order of mA and pulse widths in the μs-ms range), can achieve transient magnetic field intensities exceeding 100 T. By constructing a composite magnetic field generation system, the total field strength can be significantly increased. This dual-mode magnetic field synergy not only overcomes the physical limitations of traditional single-source magnetic fields, but also achieves the complementary advantages of steady-state magnetic field stability and transient magnetic field strength, opening up a technical path with engineering scalability for fusion reactor engineering design.

[0008] For the topological structure of magnetized plasma, all open magnetic line schemes cannot meet the Lawson criterion because the energy confinement time is too short due to terminal losses. At present, three closed magnetic configurations are most promising for achieving fusion energy: tokamaks (including spherical rings, which have the highest technical maturity), stellarators (which have steady-state advantages, but are the most difficult to make), and compact rings (the simplest structure and the lowest cost). The coaxial gun is a flexible tool in nuclear fusion research that uses electromagnetic forces to generate high-speed, high-density compact rings. The compact ring produced by the coaxial gun is similar to a spherical mak plasma, with both toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields, which is more stable than field antiplasma; more importantly, it can achieve a very high plasma pressure ratio. .

[0009] This method uses a coaxial gun to generate a compact ring, a pulse coil assembly cascaded with theta pinch, high-temperature superconducting high-field adiabatic compression, and a magnetic mirror to suppress the instability of the compact ring. The compact ring is compressed to the center of the magnetic cone for collision and fusion, achieving fusion ignition conditions. This solution incorporates the high-temperature superconducting high magnetic field into the field diamagnetic compression technology, combined with the coaxial gun and compact ring, achieving the ultimate in high magnetic field and high specific pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention provides a fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology. Two high-speed and high-density compact rings are generated by a coaxial gun. Axially distributed pulse coils complete the compact ring cascade θ pinch. A moving magnetic mirror formed by the pulse coils and superconducting hybrid magnets constrains the compact rings, suppressing their tilt instability and pushing them into the center of the magnetic cone formed by the superconducting hybrid magnet to complete collision fusion. The magnetic mirror is further maintained and strengthened by a magnetic mirror holding coil group to achieve deuterium-tritium fusion ignition and direct power generation, overcoming the defects of high cost and low efficiency of traditional technologies.

[0011] The system can also operate in magnetized target fusion mode. Before the compact ring formed by collision and fusion disappears, compact rings are launched again from both sides. After cascade compression, they hit the central compact ring magnetized target, compressing it axially, and forming a new compact ring through magnetic reconnection fusion to achieve a higher fusion triple product parameter.

[0012] The English name of the system: MAGIC (Magnetic-cone Adiabatic Gradient-force Impulsive Compressor) Magnetic-cone Adiabatic Gradient-force Impulsive Compressor.

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0014] A fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology, including

[0015] Symmetrically distributed coaxial guns for producing high-speed, high-density compact rings;

[0016] The axial center of the vacuum chamber is the plasma collision zone. Except for the vacuum chamber wall in the collision zone, which is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, the rest is made of quartz. Tungsten tiles are placed on both ends of the vacuum chamber and the inner wall of the collision zone, and a tungsten-copper water-cooling structure is used.

[0017] Conventional pulse coils are arranged symmetrically along the axis of the vacuum chamber and are composed of single-turn niobium copper coils and N50 non-magnetic stainless steel. They are triggered in sequence to generate transient magnetic fields to push the compact ring. The pulse coils near the center will participate in the maintenance of the fusion reaction.

[0018] The magnetic mirror holding coil group is arranged under the superconducting hybrid magnet, generating a confinement field for tens of milliseconds to maintain the fusion reaction;

[0019] The superconducting hybrid magnet is arranged in the collision zone and is composed of a mixture of high-temperature superconducting magnets and low-temperature superconducting magnets to generate a steady-state magnetic cone confinement field;

[0020] The tritium breeder blanket surrounds the vacuum chamber and the coaxial gun port. All corners of the blanket have insulating partitions to facilitate magnetic field penetration, and a staggered structure is used to prevent neutron leakage.

[0021] Low-temperature superconducting reverse magnets are symmetrically arranged around the junction of the coaxial gun outlet and the vacuum chamber to adjust the magnetic field strength at the coaxial gun outlet;

[0022] The power generation module realizes dual-mode power generation through neutron moderation thermal energy generation and electromagnetic induction magnetic energy recovery.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the coaxial guns are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the vacuum chamber to produce a high-speed, high-density compact ring. The working gas is a mixed fuel of deuterium and tritium. The gas is ionized by high-voltage pulses to form plasma and is accelerated by the Lorentz force.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the vacuum chamber is a flat, long cylinder with a circular cross-section. The axial center of the vacuum chamber is the plasma collision zone. The vacuum chamber at the collision position is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, with insulating partitions at the corners and tungsten tiles covering the inner wall. The compact ring channels on both sides of the vacuum chamber along the axial direction of the magnetic field lines are composed of quartz tubes or silicon carbide fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. Tungsten tiles are placed on the inner walls of the collision zone and at both ends of the vacuum chamber to prevent high-energy particles from damaging the vacuum chamber walls along the magnetic field lines. Boronization wall treatment can be used to reduce metal impurities in the plasma.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the plurality of pulse coils are arranged symmetrically along the axis of the vacuum chamber. The pulse coils are triggered in sequence to generate a transient magnetic field. The transient magnetic field and the strong magnetic field generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet together form a moving magnetic mirror structure, which captures and constrains the compact ring and quickly and stably pushes the compact ring to the center area of the magnetic cone. The pulse coil is composed of a plurality of single-turn coils made of niobium-copper or copper-chromium alloy, and its outer surface is welded with N50 non-magnetic stainless steel to enhance mechanical strength.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the superconducting hybrid magnet is arranged in the central tube collision zone. The superconducting hybrid magnet will generate a steady-state strong magnetic field at the axial center of the vacuum chamber. The magnetic lines of force extend to both sides of the collision zone to form a magnetic cone confinement field. The magnetic cone will gradually compress the compact ring during its movement toward the collision zone, increasing the density and temperature of the compact ring. After the compact rings on the left and right ends collide coaxially with each other, the pulse coil group near the center, the adjacent magnetic mirror holding coil group and the superconducting hybrid magnet together form a reinforced magnetic mirror to confine the fusion reaction on the order of tens of milliseconds. The superconducting hybrid magnet is composed of high-temperature superconductors and low-temperature superconductors arranged in parallel from the inside to the outside.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the magnetic mirror holding coil group is arranged below the superconducting hybrid magnet, surrounding the tritium breeding blanket in the central area. The magnetic mirror holding coil group is composed of a wider multi-turn coil. The magnetic mirror holding coil group is externally connected to N50 non-magnetic stainless steel.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the tritium breeder blanket surrounds the entire vacuum chamber and part of the port of the coaxial gun. The vacuum chamber and the superconducting hybrid magnet are also separated by a tritium breeder blanket for neutron moderation and radiation shielding. All tritium breeder blankets are partitioned and insulated in all directions to facilitate the penetration of the magnetic field. At the same time, the tritium breeder blanket adopts a staggered structure to prevent neutron leakage.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the low-temperature superconducting counter magnets are arranged on both sides of the superconducting hybrid magnet, located at the connection between the coaxial gun port and the vacuum chamber, and can generate a magnetic field opposite to that of the superconducting hybrid magnet to control the magnetic field size at the coaxial gun outlet;

[0030] In the above-mentioned technical solution, the power generation module not only converts neutrons into thermal energy through slowing and absorption in the tritium breeding blanket, but also directly generates electricity through electromagnetic induction. After a fusion reaction occurs, the thermal pressure of the plasma increases, its volume expands, and it preferentially escapes the confinement of the magnetic mirror in the axial direction where the magnetic confinement is weaker. The magnetic fluid flows through the coil array channel, where electromagnetic induction causes changes in the coil current, which is directly converted into electrical energy. Energy is then recovered through insulated gate bipolar transistors. Simultaneously, after alpha particles generated by the fusion escape through the loss cone of the magnetic mirror, they move axially along the magnetic field lines, generating a current. Through electromagnetic induction, this energy is fed back to the capacitor through a single-turn loop, thereby recovering the energy.

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention provides a fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology, which injects a high-speed and high-density compact ring into a vacuum chamber through coaxial gun technology. Subsequently, the cascade pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse coil group is coupled with the stable magnetic cone generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet to jointly construct a dynamic magnetic mirror structure. The compact ring is effectively captured and constrained by the magnetic mirror, undergoing a cascaded θ pinch compression and heating process. At the same time, driven by the magnetic mirror force, it moves toward the central collision area, and finally collides and fuses with the compact ring at the other end that has also undergone this process. The pulse coil group and magnetic mirror holding coil group on both sides of the central axis of the magnetic cone, close to the center, and the superconducting hybrid magnet jointly generate a reinforced magnetic mirror structure of tens of milliseconds to constrain the high-temperature, high-density compact ring and realize deuterium-tritium fusion ignition. In the pulse coil and superconducting magnetic cone field, the plasma follows the principle of magnetic flux conservation. The volume of the compact ring is inversely proportional to the magnetic field, and the density and magnetic field are positively correlated, which can increase the plasma density to , the ion temperature reaches , energy constraint time , meeting the fusion triple product required for deuterium-tritium fusion ignition The compact ring's own magnetic field superimposed on the 30T background magnetic field will produce a magnetic field of more than 50T, and its magnetic pressure is sufficient to balance the thermal pressure of the fusion plasma. At such a strong magnetic field, some plasma turbulence and instabilities are not easy to occur, for example, due to the Alfven velocity It is very high under strong magnetic fields, and some Alfven eigenmodes excited by high-energy particles are not easily excited.

[0033] Furthermore, because the magnetic cone compresses and guides the compact ring to the center of the vacuum chamber, the fusion site is moved away from the vacuum chamber walls, reducing plasma-wall interaction and damage to the walls from high-energy particles. Furthermore, because the pulse coil is energized for a very short time, the magnetic energy stored in the coil inductance is recovered through the circuit, resulting in very low energy consumption for the coil system. The niobium-copper coil, insulation, and vacuum chamber components have a lifespan of over three years under neutron irradiation, making replacement costs low. Furthermore, the lack of an auxiliary heating system is a significant advantage. Auxiliary heating systems in tokamaks and stellarators are not only costly but also generally lack operational reliability. The modular design of the device's main components offers a simple and compact structure, facilitating routine maintenance, assembly, and replacement. The overall fusion reactor is only one-hundredth the size and cost of tokamaks and stellarators, significantly enhancing the economic competitiveness of fusion energy and reducing the cost per kilowatt-hour. This present invention possesses enormous potential value. Therefore, the present invention possesses novelty, inventiveness, and practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a transverse vertical cross-sectional view of a compact annular magnetic cone pulse compressor;

[0035] Figure 2 Current waveforms for the microsecond pulse coil, the pulse coil near the center, and the magnetic mirror holding coil group;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the 1×10 structure in a single-turn ring and 3×10 terminal block;

[0037] Figure 4 Maintaining the spatial distribution of the magnetic field generated by the coil group in the axial direction for the magnetic mirror;

[0038] Figure 5 This is the spatial distribution diagram of the steady-state magnetic field generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet in the axial direction;

[0039] Figure 6 Axial distribution diagram of mixed magnetic field in the vacuum chamber at different times;

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the magnetic mirror capturing the compact ring magnetic field structure;

[0041] Figure 8 This is the parameterized simulation result diagram of COMSOL particle tracking;

[0042] Figure 9This is a simulation result diagram showing the variation of fusion burning fraction with time under different constraint time constants.

[0043] In the picture:

[0044] 1: Coaxial gun; 2: Vacuum chamber; 3: Conventional pulse coil group; 4: Pulse coil group near the center; 5: Superconducting hybrid magnet; 6: Magnetic mirror holding coil group; 7: Low-temperature superconducting reverse magnet; 8: Tritium growth blanket; 9: Gas injection port; 10: Single-turn coil; 11: N50 non-magnetic stainless steel; 12: Power generation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology. A high-speed compact ring is generated by a coaxial gun. The pulse coil group utilizes the cascaded θ pinch effect and couples with the magnetic cone of the superconducting hybrid magnet to collaboratively complete the confinement, compression, and collision of the compact ring, achieving deuterium-tritium fusion ignition. Neutron-moderated thermal energy generation and electromagnetic induction magnetic energy recovery achieve dual-mode power generation. The system includes a coaxial gun 1, a pulse coil group (3, 4), a magnetic mirror holding coil group 6, a superconducting hybrid magnet 5, a low-temperature superconducting reverse magnet 7, a vacuum chamber 2, a tritium proliferation blanket 8, and a water cooling system.

[0048] The coaxial gun 1 is symmetrically distributed at both ends of the vacuum chamber 2, and forms plasma by ionizing the gas through high-voltage pulses, and uses the Lorentz force to generate high-speed (40-400 km / s), high-density (≈1×10 22 ) compact ring, the repetitive pulse frequency can reach up to 50Hz, the upper end of the coaxial gun 1 is provided with a fuel injection port 9, the fuel gas is a mixed fuel of deuterium and tritium accounting for 50% each, and the caliber of the coaxial gun 1 can be set to 10-30cm according to actual needs;

[0049] The vacuum chamber 2 is arranged at the center of the entire device. The overall axial length of the vacuum chamber is 8m, the outer diameter is 38cm, and the wall thickness is 2cm. The entire vacuum chamber 2 is made of quartz material except for the collision zone. The axial center of the vacuum chamber 2 is the plasma collision zone. The vacuum chamber wall at the collision position is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, and the inner wall is covered with tungsten tiles. A tungsten-copper water-cooling structure is used, and there are insulating partitions at the corners to avoid electromagnetic shielding. The strong magnetic field of 20T limits the expansion of the plasma across the magnetic field lines to weaken the interaction between the plasma and the wall. An important advantage of using magnetic cone compression instead of conical conductor wall compression is that the compressed plasma group is kept away from the device wall. In particular, the volume of the plasma group will expand after fusion occurs, which can reduce the interaction between the plasma and the wall, reduce impurity radiation, and extend the life of the internal components of the vacuum chamber.

[0050] The inner walls of the cylindrical vacuum chamber at the exit of the coaxial gun 1 on either side of the vacuum chamber 2 are tungsten tiles, using a tungsten-copper water-cooled structure to withstand the interaction of particles escaping along the magnetic field lines. A circle of gaps around the edges of the cylindrical vacuum chamber serves as an exhaust port, similar to the divertor structure of a tokamak. External exhaust systems such as cryopumps or adsorption pumps are connected to remove fusion products and unreacted fusion fuel gas, forming a fuel cycle.

[0051] There are 26 conventional pulse coil groups 3, which are arranged symmetrically along the axis of the vacuum chamber 2. The material of the conventional pulse coil group 3 can be changed according to actual requirements. For example, niobium-copper alloy with high yield strength and suitable for high mechanical stress environment can be selected first, or copper-chromium alloy with excellent radiation resistance can be selected. The reason why niobium-copper alloy is preferred for single-turn ring pulse coils is mainly due to its high yield strength (up to 800 MPa or more), strong fatigue resistance and long service life under repeated pulse operation conditions, and when the niobium content is below 1%, the resistivity is low. However, the neutron radiation resistance of niobium-copper alloy is not as good as that of copper-chromium alloy, and the yield strength of copper-chromium alloy is low (about 500-700 MPa). If the conventional pulse coil group 3 is composed of copper-chromium alloy, it is estimated that it will be about 10 4 -10 5 Fatigue cracks appear after the first pulse. Future work is underway to develop niobium-copper nanocrystalline alloys to extend the coil's cycle life. Each pulse coil is welded to the outside with N50 non-magnetic stainless steel 11 to enhance mechanical strength. Because the current flows through the coil for a short time, the coil's temperature rise is negligible.

[0052] The conventional pulse coil group 3 and the pulse coil group 4 near the center are triggered in sequence to generate transient magnetic fields, which are coupled with the strong magnetic field generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet 5 and can be regarded as an axially moving magnetic mirror structure. The current rise time constant in the conventional pulse coil group 3 is about 2 microseconds, and the fall time constant is about 50 microseconds. The coil current of the conventional pulse coil group 3 gradually decreases from the two ends to the middle. The current in the pulse coil group 4 near the center rises in about 2 microseconds and decreases in about 1 millisecond. The currents in all coils are .

[0053] In a strong magnetic field, the time of instantaneous change of the magnetic field is much longer than the cyclotron period of the particle, which satisfies the conservation condition of magnetic moment, and the vertical velocity is proportional to the square of the magnetic field. The rapid change of the magnetic field generated by the single-turn pulse coil group 3 realizes energy transfer through the non-equilibrium interaction between the electromagnetic field and the particles. The change of the magnetic field generates an induced electric field, which rapidly adiabatically compresses the particles, increasing the vertical velocity of the particles and converting the magnetic energy into particle energy. The increase in vertical pressure caused by rapid adiabatic magnetic compression is in a square relationship with the magnetic field strength, that is, the vertical thermal pressure and magnetic pressure are increased synchronously. At the same time, since the compact ring before the magnetic cone compression is already a compact ring with high β, the compression will produce In the initial compact ring, even if the initial directional kinetic energy of the particles is completely converted into thermal energy, the temperature increase is only less than 1 keV, so the directional kinetic energy is not the main source of energy supply.

[0054] The most critical thing about the linear device is to suppress the loss in the axial direction. The combination of the self-constraint of the compact ring and the dynamic magnetic mirror in the present invention realizes the dual suppression of axial transport. On the one hand, the closed magnetic field topology of the compact ring can effectively reduce the terminal loss of particles in the axial direction. On the other hand, the dynamic magnetic mirror is used to constrain the compact ring in the axial direction, and the axial loss of particles is further reduced by the magnetic mirror. At the same time, because the plasma temperature at the compression starting point is very low at the outlet of the coaxial gun, the axial speed is very low. During the movement of the compact ring, there is no effective acceleration mechanism for the compact ring in the axial direction, and the collision energy exchange time in the parallel and vertical directions is much longer than the compression time. The axial direction will always maintain low temperature and low speed, so a shallower magnetic mirror can well constrain the compact ring. Since the thermal conductivity of electrons in the direction parallel to the magnetic lines of force is much greater than that of ions, and the collision energy exchange time between electrons and ions is also much longer than the compression time, a higher ion temperature can be obtained, and the ion temperature in the magnetic mirror is kept much higher than the electron temperature, and the lower electron temperature can reduce the energy loss of Bremsstrahlung and cyclotron radiation. If The state can be maintained stably. As long as the required fusion triple product can be achieved, deuterium-deuterium fusion (including helium-3) and proton-boron fusion are also feasible in principle, which means inexhaustible fusion fuel and avoids the radioactive safety issues of tritium.

[0055] Conventionally, the pulse coil group 3 and the pulse coil group 4 near the center preferably use a single-turn coil 10 of niobium-copper alloy containing 1% niobium, with an inner diameter of 40 cm, an axial height of 15 cm, and a radial thickness of 7 cm. Taking into account the current skin effect of microsecond pulse current in a single-turn ring, it is possible to consider silver plating on the surface of the single-turn ring to reduce its surface resistance. Multiple strands of insulated thin wire can be connected in parallel (Litz wire structure) to disperse the high-frequency current path. The total surface area of multiple strands of wire is larger, which can weaken the skin effect and reduce the overall inductance by parallel connection. It is planned to use a 20-meter-long coaxial cable to connect the capacitor to power the coil. The outer diameter of the cable is 4 cm, and the total resistance is 20. , total cable inductance The resistance and inductance of a single-turn loop are much smaller than those of the loop, so the resistance and inductance of a single-turn loop can be ignored. There are two types according to the different power circuits. The conventional 26 coils are powered by low-inductance fast-discharge capacitors, and the voltage across the capacitors is about 100kV. , through a resistor in series R~0.5 , the current rise time constant of the RLC circuit , fall time constant ,like Figure 2 As shown in (a) in the figure. The four pulse coils 4 near the center have too high currents, with a total current of 6mA, and the maintenance time needs to be in the order of milliseconds. Therefore, 30 power supplies are connected in parallel to power a single-turn loop. Each power supply is 200kA, and the connectors are designed in a 3×10 array, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown in (a) and (b) in the figure. Ultra-high voltage power capacitors can be used for power supply. , the current rise time of the RLC circuit , fall time constant , the discharge waveform is as follows Figure 2 The repetition frequency of the entire system depends on the capacitor charging time. Theoretically, the maximum repetition frequency can reach 50Hz.

[0056] In a compact ring, the Lorentz force between the angular current and the background magnetic field is the core confining force maintaining plasma equilibrium. This electromagnetic force, through a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium mechanism, effectively counteracts two primary expansion effects: the radial expansion force driven by the thermal pressure gradient and the magnetic tension generated by the interaction of the poloidal current and the self-generated angular magnetic field. The pulsed coil system employs a dual mechanism for electromagnetic field confinement. First, the transient magnetic field of the coil couples with the two magnetic fields generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet to form a dynamic magnetic mirror confinement configuration, which captures the compact ring and suppresses its tilt instability through the magnetic mirror force, thereby steadily pushing the compact ring from the low-field to the high-field region of the magnetic cone. Second, as the compact ring passes through the pulsed coil array, a cascaded theta pinch effect is generated, continuously enhancing the angular current within the compact ring, compressing and stabilizing the compact ring structure. Furthermore, the short pulse duration of the pulsed coil array mitigates rotational instabilities and prevents cracking.

[0057] The two magnetic mirror holding coil groups 6 are arranged outside the pulse coil group 4 near the center to compensate for the magnetic field drop of the four pulse coils 4 near the center during the current drop period. Each magnetic mirror holding coil group 6 consists of five parallel sub-coils with an inner diameter of 70 cm, an outer diameter of 142 cm, and a height of 50 cm. Each sub-coil is a multi-turn coil with 360 turns. The coil current is , use 5 power supplies to supply power synchronously, inductor ,resistance , the loop resistance is configured to 17.6 by connecting resistors in series Coil driving voltage . Discharge current waveform Current rise time , and maintain the flat top for more than 10 milliseconds. When the coil current of the magnetic mirror holding coil group reaches the peak value, its magnetic field distribution is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it is Figure 5 The background magnetic field shown here couples to form a quasi-steady-state magnetic mirror capable of confining a compact ring. The capacitor energy storage used to power the pulse coil can be replaced with superconducting inductor energy storage, significantly reducing the size of the power supply. This could potentially be used in applications requiring miniaturization, such as spacecraft and aircraft carriers.

[0058] The superconducting hybrid magnet 5 is arranged in the central collision zone. The superconducting hybrid magnet 5 is a mixture of high-temperature superconductors and low-temperature superconductors arranged side by side from the inside to the outside. The superconducting hybrid magnet 5 will generate a steady-state strong magnetic field at the axial center of the vacuum chamber 2. The magnetic lines of force extend to both sides of the collision zone to form a magnetic cone structure. The maximum magnetic field strength at the peak of the magnetic cone can reach 20T. Figure 5 As shown. Under the action of the transient magnetic field generated by the pulse coil 3, the compact ring will be pushed toward the center and gradually compressed during the movement. When the magnetic compression time is shorter than the magnetic diffusion time , the magnetic freezing condition is satisfied, and the magnetic flux is conserved Assume that the length of the compact ring along the direction of magnetic field lines is If the magnetic field increases, the volume decreases. , and then according to the particle number conservation law constant, the density increases with the magnetic field At the top of the magnetic cone, the inner diameter of the compact ring is compressed to 1 / 20 of that at the exit of the coaxial gun, which makes the compact ring away from the vacuum chamber wall, reduces the interaction between the plasma and the wall, and also increases the density of the compact ring to According to the conservation of magnetic moment, the vertical temperature increases with the increase of magnetic field. , the vertical pressure increases with the square of the magnetic field . In this process, the external magnetic pressure does work, and the electromagnetic field energy is transferred to the plasma, achieving compression and heating at the same time. After the compact rings at the left and right ends collide coaxially, the magnetic field undergoes a magnetic reconnection process, releasing a large amount of magnetic energy that is converted into thermal energy. This process not only enhances the confinement capacity of the total magnetic field, but also further heats the plasma. In fact, the magnetic field at the collision and fusion point is the superposition of the steady-state magnetic field of the superconducting hybrid magnet 5, the magnetic field generated by the four pulse coils 4 closest to the center, the magnetic mirror holding coil group 6, and the residual magnetic field after the compact ring magnetic reconnection. The mixed magnetic field jointly constrains the fusion reaction for more than 5 times the energy confinement time. The parameter range of the compact ring at the coaxial gun exit, the parameter range of the compact ring in the central collision zone, and the parameter change multiples are shown in the following table.

[0059] Table 1 Compact ring parameter range and parameter change multiple

[0060] The system can also operate in the magnetized target fusion mode. Before the high-beta compact ring formed by the initial collision and fusion decays and disappears, secondary compact rings are injected synchronously from both sides again. After cascade compression, they hit the central compact ring magnetized target, compressing it axially, and forming a new compact ring through magnetic reconnection fusion to achieve a higher fusion triple product parameter.

[0061] The heating scheme of the pulse coil array + high-temperature superconducting magnetic cone has many unique innovations. Compared with the plasma mass produced by FRC, the compact ring generated by the coaxial gun has a significantly enhanced angular magnetic field component, and its angular magnetic field and polar magnetic field show comparable intensity characteristics. This unique magnetic topology structure facilitates the pulse coil to induce a stronger angular induced current in the compact ring plasma through the magnetic flux compression effect. The compact ring can be regarded as the moving secondary winding of a dynamic magnetic coupling transformer, forming an electromagnetic induction coupling system with precise temporal and spatial modulation with the primary winding composed of the pulse coil array. When the compact ring passes through the pulse coil group axially, each primary unit is excited by the transient magnetic flux controlled by time sequence, producing a cascaded theta pinch effect. The theta pinch of a compact ring resembles a tokamak poloidal field system, where a rapidly rising current generates poloidal magnetic flux penetration, inducing electron currents along the spiral magnetic field lines in the plasma ring. This in turn forms a radially inward, self-contracting potential well through E×B drift. The centrifugal motion of electrons in the strong spiral magnetic field generates a nonlinear coupling between a paramagnetic poloidal current component and a diamagnetic angular (toroidal) current component, generating stronger angular (toroidal) and reversed axial magnetic fields. As the compact ring continuously traverses multiple coils, the cascaded theta pinch effect progressively amplifies the angular (toroidal) current density. The resulting self-consistent magnetic field, combined with the background magnetic field, forms a magnetic shear layer that effectively suppresses tilting and tearing mode instabilities, achieving dynamic stability. The cascaded theta pinch process can be compared to a gyroscopic acceleration model: as the compact ring (analogous to a spinning gyro) is propelled along the magnetic axis, a distributed array of pulsed coils (analogous to a whipper array) precisely coordinates and injects directed energy into the ring as it passes through each coil, continuously increasing the gyroscopic energy. Compared with the central solenoid heating scheme of the tokamak, this energy deposition strategy not only breaks through the volt-second limitation of a single coil, but also can achieve rapid compression heating of the plasma by enhancing the magnetic field and current, so that the plasma density and temperature can be greatly increased in sub-millisecond time, and finally reach extreme parameter operating state.

[0062] The tritium breeder blanket 8 completely covers the entire vacuum chamber 2 and part of the muzzle of the coaxial gun 1, achieving a coverage area exceeding 99.9%, making tritium self-sustaining easier. The vacuum chamber 2 and the superconducting hybrid magnet 5 are also separated by the tritium breeder blanket 8, whose primary functions are neutron moderation and radiation shielding. All tritium breeder blankets 8 are equipped with partitions and insulation measures at the corners to promote magnetic field penetration. Furthermore, the tritium breeder blanket 8 employs a staggered structure design to effectively prevent neutron leakage.

[0063] The low-temperature superconducting counter magnet 7 is arranged on both sides of the superconducting hybrid magnet 5, located at the connection between the port of the coaxial gun 1 and the vacuum chamber 2. It can generate a magnetic field opposite to that of the superconducting hybrid magnet 5 to offset the static magnetic field generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet 5, thereby increasing the magnetic field intensity difference from the edge to the center, thereby achieving the function of controlling the magnetic field intensity at the outlet of the coaxial gun 1 and preventing the magnetic field from affecting the normal operation of the coaxial gun;

[0064] The power generation module 12 utilizes only neutrons generated by fusion, which are moderated and absorbed within the tritium breeder blanket and converted into thermal energy for power generation. It can also generate electricity directly through electromagnetic induction. After a fusion reaction occurs, the thermal pressure of the plasma increases, causing it to expand in volume, preferentially escaping the magnetic mirror's confinement along the axis where magnetic confinement is weaker. The magnetic fluid flows through the coil array channel, where electromagnetic induction causes changes in the coil current (similar to the principle of electromagnetic braking). This is directly converted into electrical energy, which is then recovered through a switching circuit composed of IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors). This theoretically achieves a recovery efficiency exceeding 90%, eliminating the need for traditional heat exchange systems and steam turbines for power generation, which only achieve a maximum efficiency of 35%. Furthermore, after α particles generated by fusion escape the compact ring and magnetic mirror, they move axially along the magnetic field lines. In a 30T magnetic field, the cyclotron radius of α particles is approximately 9 mm, which determines the minimum inner diameter of the vacuum chamber. The collision slowing-down time is in the hundreds of microseconds, and cyclotron radiation helps slow the α particles. Alpha particles escaping through the loss cone of the magnetic mirror generate a current, which, through electromagnetic induction, feeds energy back to the capacitor through a single-turn loop. During the entire process, the single-turn pulse coil has a short energization time, extremely low resistance, little Joule heat generation, and low energy consumption. At the same time, most of the magnetic energy stored in the single-turn inductor can be recovered through the RLC series circuit to reversely charge the capacitor, further reducing the energy consumption of the coil system.

[0065] The mixed magnetic field distribution simulation at different times at the two axes of the vacuum chamber in an ignition experiment is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Figure 1, at the initial moment of t = 0 microseconds, there is only the steady-state magnetic cone generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet 5. In the following 26 microseconds, each pulse coil is triggered in turn to generate a transient magnetic field, which together with the magnetic cone field forms a dynamic magnetic mirror structure confinement compact ring, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 As shown, the sequential triggering of the pulse coils transforms the magnetic mirror structure into a moving magnetic mirror. During this process, the compact ring is gradually compressed and steadily advanced into the collision zone. At t = 25.9631 microseconds, the compact rings at both ends collide and fuse. Subsequently, the magnetic mirror holding coil assembly 6 is triggered, and the magnetic field it generates gradually replaces the magnetic field of the pulse coil near the center, ensuring that the compact ring burns stably in the collision zone until the fusion reaction ends.

[0066] Under given coil parameters, the trajectory of a single ion following a changing magnetic field was simulated. The particle tracking program was used to perform a parametric sweep of the rise time constant of the coil pulse current and the initial velocity of the compact ring. The sweep results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, red indicates that the compact ring can eventually reach the center of the magnetic field, while blue indicates that the compact ring cannot reach the center of the magnetic field. Simulation results show that the coil rise time constant is less than 40 μs, and the initial speed of the compact ring is greater than 130 km / s and less than 200 km / s, which is the safe operating range of the device.

[0067] Assume that after the compact ring collision, the ratio of deuterium to tritium in the plasma is 1:1 and the density reaches 10 23 per cubic meter, the temperature is 15keV, and according to the deuterium-tritium reaction cross section, the time constant of its fusion combustion reaction is about 40ms. Due to losses such as plasma diffusion, not all deuterium and tritium can undergo fusion reaction. The final reaction share of the fusion reaction is related to parameters such as the time constant of the fusion reaction and the particle confinement time of the compact ring. Figure 9 Figures (a), (b), and (c) simulate the temporal evolution of the burning fraction of the compact ring plasma under different particle confinement time constants under these plasma parameters. The simulations show that for a particle confinement time constant of 1 ms (10 ms), the ultimate burning fraction can reach 2.4% (20%), exceeding the estimated parameters for future fusion tokamaks.

[0068] This system is suitable for building small 100MW-class fusion reactors and can be flexibly deployed as a distributed energy unit, directly embedded in high-energy-consuming facilities such as AI computing centers and heavy industrial bases to achieve near-zero-loss energy supply. Alternatively, multiple fusion reactor units can form a gigawatt-class fusion power station, serving as a regional energy hub and providing continuous and stable power output. Combined with renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics, this distributed smart energy system effectively addresses the intermittent and fluctuating nature of wind and photovoltaic power generation due to weather and daytime conditions, creating a dual-track model of "local green electricity + remote nuclear fusion," improving overall energy efficiency and stability.

[0069] Its revolutionary breakthrough is particularly evident in the field of deep space propulsion: Due to its compact size and high fusion triple product, the reactor can utilize a deuterium-deuterium-helium-3 fusion scheme to reduce neutron flux, potentially allowing installation inside spacecraft, making interstellar travel possible. Furthermore, the system can be modified to an open-ended structure, using a magnetic nozzle to eject plasma slugs, directly forming a high-thrust, long-endurance deep space propulsion system.

[0070] If fusion parameters need to be improved in the future, the following methods can be used: 1. Increase the power of the coaxial gun to the MW level to increase the density, temperature and directional movement speed of the compact ring at the coaxial gun outlet; 2. Increase the magnetic field strength to increase the energy confinement time of the compact ring.

[0071] The above-described embodiment provides a fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology. This system utilizes a coaxial gun 1 to generate a high-density, high-speed initial compact ring, which is injected into a vacuum chamber. A conventional pulse coil assembly 3 and a central pulse coil assembly 4 are sequentially energized to generate a cascade of transient electromagnetic fields, which, in combination with the stable background magnetic field generated by a superconducting hybrid magnet 5, form a dynamic magnetic mirror structure. This rapidly and stably propels the compact ring toward the center of the magnetic cone. Simultaneously, the cascaded theta pinch effect and the strong magnetic field of the magnetic cone continuously compress the compact ring, achieving higher density and energy for the compact ring plasma. Finally, the compact rings generated by the coaxial guns 1 at both ends collide and fuse in the collision zone at the center of the magnetic cone, resulting in fusion. During the fusion process, a magnetic mirror holding coil assembly 6 relays the magnetic field generated by the pulse coils to stabilize the magnetic mirror structure in the collision zone until the compact ring plasma burns out. The combination of the compact ring's self-constraint and the dynamic magnetic mirror achieves dual suppression of axial transport, addressing the terminal loss problem of linear devices. The system can realize deuterium-tritium ignition at the current stage, and has the characteristics of simple structure, easy maintenance and low cost.

[0072] Parts of the present invention that are not described in detail belong to the well-known technology in the art.

[0073] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention and further describes the technical solutions of the present invention in detail to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and principle of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, any obvious changes such as modifications and replacements, and all inventions and creations based on the concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fusion ignition system based on compact ring magnetic cone pulse compression technology, characterized in that: include: Symmetrically distributed coaxial guns (1) for producing high-speed, high-density, compact rings; The vacuum chamber (2) has a plasma collision zone at its axial center, the vacuum chamber wall in the collision zone is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, and the vacuum chamber walls in the remaining positions are made of quartz. Tungsten tiles are placed on the inner walls of the two ends of the vacuum chamber and the central collision zone, and a tungsten-copper water-cooling structure is used; The conventional pulse coil group (3) is a single-turn coil, arranged symmetrically along the axis of the vacuum chamber, and is composed of a single-turn coil (10) and N50 non-magnetic stainless steel (11), which is triggered in sequence to generate a transient magnetic field, perform θ pinching, and form a moving magnetic mirror, capture and push a compact ring; The coil structure of the pulse coil group (4) near the center is the same as that of the conventional pulse coil group (3), both of which are single-turn coils. The coil material is niobium-copper or copper-chromium alloy, which is used to maintain the fusion reaction in the collision zone; The superconducting hybrid magnet (5) is arranged in the central collision zone and is composed of a mixture of high-temperature superconducting magnets and low-temperature superconducting magnets. It generates a steady-state magnetic cone confinement field with a central magnetic field of up to 20 T. The magnetic cone field is used to confine the high-temperature plasma instead of the conductor wall, avoiding the interaction between the high-temperature plasma and the wall; The magnetic mirror holding coil group (6) adopts a multi-turn copper coil design and is symmetrically arranged below the superconducting hybrid magnet (5), generating a confinement field of the order of tens of milliseconds to maintain the fusion reaction; The low-temperature superconducting reverse magnet (7) is symmetrically arranged at the periphery of the connection between the coaxial gun (1) outlet and the vacuum chamber (2) to adjust the magnetic field intensity at the coaxial gun (1) outlet; A tritium breeder blanket (8) surrounds the vacuum chamber (2) and the coaxial gun (1) port, with insulating partitions at all corners of the blanket to facilitate magnetic field penetration and a staggered structure to prevent neutron leakage; The power generation module (12) utilizes the tritium breeding blanket to absorb neutron energy, converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and recovers magnetic energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, thereby realizing dual-mode power generation of thermal energy and magnetic energy.

2. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas injection port (9) of the coaxial gun (1) injects deuterium-tritium mixed gas fuel, and forms a high-density A compact ring of plasma. This ring has both angular and poloidal magnetic fields, with an exit velocity of 40 to 400 kilometers per second and a repetition frequency of no more than 50 Hz.

3. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thirty single-turn ring pulse coils are arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber (2), of which 26 are conventional pulse coils (3) and the other four are pulse coils (4) near the center, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the collision zone.

4. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting hybrid magnet (5) has an axial length of 140 cm and an inner diameter of 160 cm, and can generate a steady-state magnetic field of up to 20 T in the collision zone.

5. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic mirror holding coil group (6) excites a magnetic field of up to 20T, which is superimposed with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting hybrid magnet to strengthen and maintain the magnetic mirror for more than 10ms, and the total magnetic field exceeds 40T.

6. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module (12) achieves efficient recovery of magnetic energy through the electromagnetic induction effect of the single-turn loop coil array and the switching circuit.

7. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum chamber (2) has an axial length of 8 m, an outer diameter of 38 cm, and a wall thickness of 2 cm. Except for the collision zone, the vacuum chamber wall is made of vacuum-compatible insulating materials such as quartz tubes or silicon carbide fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The vacuum chamber wall in the collision zone is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, with angular insulation partitions. Tungsten tiles are used at both ends of the vacuum chamber and inside the collision zone to prevent high-energy particle bombardment from damaging the vacuum chamber wall.

8. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse magnetic field strength generated by the low-temperature superconducting reverse magnet (7) is 50%-80% of the magnetic field of the superconducting hybrid magnet (5).

9. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conventional pulse coil group (3) and the pulse coil group (4) near the center both use single-turn ring coils with an inner diameter of 40 cm, an axial height of 15 cm, and a radial thickness of 7 cm. The conventional pulse coil group (3) uses a fast-discharge capacitor power supply method, with a current rise time of 2 μs and a fall time of 50 μs. The current increases from the two ends to the core, and the current is 2-6 mA. The pulse coil group (4) near the center uses an ultra-high voltage power capacitor power supply method, with a current rise time of 2 μs and a fall time of 1 ms. The current is 6 mA in both cases.

10. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic mirror holding coil group (6) has an inner diameter of 70 cm, an outer diameter of 142 cm and a height of 50 cm. It is composed of five parallel sub-coils, each of which is a multi-turn coil with 360 turns. The coil is powered by a high-voltage power supply, with a current rise time of 1 ms and a current flat-top maintenance time of >10 ms. Each turn of the magnetic mirror holding coil group (6) passes a current of 10 kA. The magnetic mirror holding coil group (6) is relayed in time with the pulse coil group (4) near the center to compensate for the magnetic field drop caused by the four pulse coil groups (4) near the center during the current drop period, so that the enhanced magnetic mirror structure is maintained for more than 10 milliseconds to confine the fusion plasma.

11. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutron shielding area ratio of the tritium breeder blanket (8) is ≥99.9%, and the blanket thickness is 50-80 cm, making it easier to achieve tritium self-sustaining.

12. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial gun (1) can be integrated with an electron cyclotron heating or neutral beam injection device to preheat and increase the outlet temperature. The initial velocity range of the compact ring is 40-400 km / s.

13. The fusion ignition system based on compact annular magnetic cone pulse compression technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system can also operate in magnetized target fusion mode. Before the compact ring formed by collision and fusion disappears, compact rings are launched again from both sides. After cascade compression, they hit the central compact ring magnetized target, compressing it axially, and forming a new compact ring through magnetic reconnection fusion to achieve a higher fusion triple product parameter.

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