An antenna system and a base station antenna feeder system

Abstract

This application provides an antenna system and a base station antenna feed system. The antenna system includes a first-band radiating element array, a frequency-selective surface, and a second-band radiating element array arranged sequentially, i.e., the frequency-selective surface is disposed between the first-band and second-band radiating element arrays. The frequency-selective surface reflects the signal from the first-band radiating element array and transmits the signal from the second-band radiating element array. A phase shifter is connected to the first-band radiating element array to feed it. The phase shifter includes a cavity disposed at the edge of the frequency-selective surface, and the first extending direction of the cavity coincides with the second extending direction of the first-band radiating element array. This antenna system includes radiating element arrays in at least two frequency bands, and the antenna system has good signal quality and high integration. Furthermore, the radiating element arrays in different frequency bands can evolve independently.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The original application has the application number 202111162182.9 and the original application date is September 30, 2021. The original application is entitled "An antenna system and base station antenna feeder system". The entire contents of the original application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an antenna system and a base station antenna feeder system. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of wireless communication technology, base stations can support more and more communication frequency bands, thus making the structure of base station antennas increasingly complex. A single rooftop needs to integrate antenna arrays and feed networks for multiple frequency bands, resulting in increasingly higher antenna integration density on a single rooftop.

[0004] In existing technologies, to achieve high integration of antenna systems, antenna element arrays of multiple frequency bands are integrated into a single antenna system, forming a multi-band antenna system. Specifically, a multi-band antenna system can include a first-band radiating element array and a second-band radiating element array, with a frequency selective surface (FSS) positioned between them. However, the area of ​​the frequency selective surface is limited, thus limiting the space available for arranging the first-band and second-band radiating element arrays, resulting in lower antenna integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna system and a base station antenna feed system. The antenna system includes radiating element arrays for at least two frequency bands. This antenna system has good signal quality and high integration. Furthermore, it enables independent evolution of the radiating element arrays for different frequency bands.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna system comprising a frequency selective surface, a first-band radiating element array, a second-band radiating element array, and a phase shifter. The first-band radiating element array, the frequency selective surface, and the second-band radiating element array are sequentially arranged, meaning the frequency selective surface is positioned between the first-band and second-band radiating element arrays. The frequency selective surface reflects signals from the first-band radiating element array and transmits signals from the second-band radiating element array. Specifically, the signals include both transmitted and received signals. The phase shifter is connected to the first-band radiating element array to feed it. The phase shifter includes a cavity disposed at the edge of the frequency selective surface, and the first extending direction of the cavity coincides with the second extending direction of the first-band radiating element array. In this technical solution, the cavity of the phase shifter is disposed at the edge of the frequency selective surface, resulting in less insertion loss when the signal from the second-band radiating element array is transmitted through the frequency selective surface, which is beneficial for improving the signal quality of the antenna system. Furthermore, configuring the second-band radiating element array eliminates the need to consider potential interference from the first-band radiating element array, facilitating decoupling between the two arrays and allowing for flexible configuration as needed. Additionally, in this scheme, the entire antenna system's roof-facing space can be used to house the frequency selective surface without requiring additional phase shifter structures. This allows for more space on the side of the frequency selective surface facing away from the first-band radiating element array, providing room for the second-band array and improving the antenna system's integration. The first and second-band radiating element arrays are stacked, enabling single-roof deployment of at least two frequency bands. Viewed perpendicular to the frequency selective surface, the antenna system occupies only one roof surface, facilitating deployment. Moreover, the high integration of this antenna system results in a smaller area and lower wind load.

[0007] In the specific technical solution, the frequency selective surface includes a first side and a second side, which can be two opposite sides of the frequency selective surface. The phase shifter includes a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter, with the cavity of the first phase shifter disposed on the first side and the cavity of the second phase shifter disposed on the second side. The first frequency band radiation unit includes a first array and a second array. The first phase shifter is connected to the first array and is used to feed the first array. The second phase shifter is connected to the second array and is used to feed the second array.

[0008] The aforementioned phase shifter includes a cavity and a phase shifting circuit, which is specifically disposed within the cavity. The radiating element of the aforementioned first-band radiating element array includes a first balun, which comprises a first outer conductor and a first inner conductor. The radiating element of the first-band radiating element array also includes a first and second radiating arm with co-polarization. The first outer conductor connects the first radiating arm and the cavity, and the first inner conductor connects the second radiating arm and the phase shifting circuit. That is, the first radiating arm and the cavity are connected via the first outer conductor, and the second radiating arm and the phase shifting circuit are connected via the first inner conductor. In this scheme, the first balun is directly electrically connected to the phase shifter. This scheme eliminates the need for a frequency selective surface to transmit signals between the first balun and the phase shifter; the signal transmission path is shorter, resulting in less insertion loss, which is beneficial for improving the gain of the first-band radiating element array and enhancing the antenna system performance. Furthermore, in this scheme, there is no need to use a frequency selective surface to transmit the signal between the first balun and the phase shifter. Therefore, the frequency selective surface causes less interference to the second band radiating element array, which is beneficial to improving the gain of the second band radiating element array and can also improve the performance of the antenna system.

[0009] In a specific technical solution, the radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array may include a set of co-polarized first and second radiating arms, or two sets of co-polarized first and second radiating arms, each with a different polarization direction. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0010] Specifically, when setting the first balun, the angle between the first balun and the frequency selective surface can be made acute, that is, the first balun can be tilted towards the center of the frequency selective surface. This scheme ensures that the projection of the first band radiating element array onto the frequency selective surface is completely located on the frequency selective surface. In this scheme, the frequency selective surface can completely reflect the signal of the first band radiating element array, thereby improving the gain of the first band radiating element array.

[0011] For the second-band radiating element array located behind the frequency-selective surface, the projection onto the frequency-selective surface can be completely or partially located on the frequency-selective surface, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0012] The antenna system described above may further include a reflector disposed on the side of the second-band radiating element array away from the frequency-selective surface, for reflecting signals from the second-band radiating element array. These signals specifically include signals transmitted to the second-band radiating element array and signals emitted by the second-band radiating element array. This approach can improve the gain of the second-band radiating element array.

[0013] The length of the cavity in the first extending direction is greater than or equal to the length of the first frequency band radiating element array in the second extending direction. This design allows all radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array to be directly disposed within the cavity, thereby shortening the length of the connection structure between the radiating elements and the cavity, reducing insertion loss, and improving the signal quality of the first frequency band radiating element array. Furthermore, this design also helps to improve the overall strength of the antenna system.

[0014] In the specific technical solution, the aforementioned first-band radiating element array can be a passive radiating element array. This first-band radiating element array does not interfere with the second-band radiating element array located behind the frequency-selective surface, facilitating the stacking of the radiating element arrays. The second-band radiating element array can be either a passive or an active radiating element array; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0015] The frequency band of the first frequency band radiating element array is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiating element array. The smaller the frequency band of the radiating element array, the larger the size of the radiating element. This scheme is advantageous because it allows the size of the radiating element located on the front side of the frequency selective surface to be larger than that of the radiating elements in the entire antenna system. As a result, the appearance of the antenna system is more regular, and the wind load of the antenna system can also be smaller.

[0016] In configuring the antenna system in this application, the radiating surface of the first-band radiating element array and the frequency-selective surface can be parallel, as can the radiating surface of the second-band radiating element array. That is, the radiating surfaces of both the first and second-band radiating element arrays are set parallel to the frequency-selective surface. Therefore, the directions of the transmitted and received signal beams of the first-band radiating element array are the same as those of the second-band radiating element array. This scheme helps improve the accuracy of the antenna system's signal coverage.

[0017] When specifically configuring the antenna system described above, the antenna system may include a first radome and a second radome. The first frequency band radiating element array is disposed in the first radome, and the second frequency band radiating element array is disposed in the second radome. This scheme facilitates the independent evolution of the first and second frequency band radiating element arrays.

[0018] When installing the antenna system, the first radome has a first mounting structure, and the first radome and the second radome are fixedly connected to form an integral structure. The first mounting structure is installed on the mast, so that the entire antenna system can be installed on the mast. This solution simplifies the installation process of the antenna system.

[0019] In another technical solution, the aforementioned second radome can also have a second mounting structure. The first mounting structure and the second mounting structure are respectively mounted on the mast. In this solution, the first radome and the second radome can be installed independently, resulting in a higher degree of decoupling between the first band radiating element array and the second band radiating element array, which is more conducive to the independent evolution of the first band radiating element array or the second band radiating element array.

[0020] The antenna system described above also includes a third-band radiating element array, which is located on the same side of the frequency-selective surface as the first-band radiating element array. The frequency band of the third-band radiating element array differs from that of the first-band radiating element array. In other words, the side of the frequency-selective surface with the first-band radiating element array can have radiating element arrays of at least two frequency bands.

[0021] Except for the frequency band, the third-band radiating element array described above can have the same characteristics as the first-band radiating element array. For example, the third-band radiating element array is also a passive radiating element array, and its frequency band is also smaller than that of the second-band radiating element array.

[0022] When specifically configuring the third frequency band radiating element array, both the third frequency band radiating element array and the first frequency band radiating element array can be housed within the first radome, thereby simplifying the structure of the antenna system.

[0023] In another technical solution, the antenna system may further include a fourth-band radiating element array. The fourth-band radiating element array and the second-band radiating element array are located on the same side of the frequency selective surface. The frequency bands of the fourth-band radiating element array and the second-band radiating element array are different. That is, the side of the frequency selective surface with the second-band radiating element array can have radiating element arrays of at least two frequency bands.

[0024] Except for the frequency band, the fourth-band radiating element array described above can have the same characteristics as the second-band radiating element array. For example, the frequency band of the fourth-band radiating element array is also larger than that of the first-band radiating element array.

[0025] Specifically, when configuring the fourth-band radiating element array, it can be located within the same second radome as the second-band radiating element array. Alternatively, in other technical solutions, the antenna system further includes a third radome, within which the fourth-band radiating element array is housed. This allows the radiating element arrays of different frequency bands to be housed within different radomes, facilitating the independent evolution of the second-band and fourth-band radiating element arrays.

[0026] When installing the third radome, it can be fixedly connected to the first radome and then mounted to the mast. Alternatively, the third radome can also have a third mounting structure, which is mounted to the mast. In other words, the fourth band radiating element array can be independently mounted on the mast to facilitate the independent evolution of the fourth band radiating element array.

[0027] Secondly, this application also provides a base station antenna feeder system, which includes the antenna system described in the first aspect and a mast. The antenna system is mounted on the mast. This solution provides a base station antenna feeder system with high integration, good antenna signal quality, and facilitates independent evolution. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna feeder system according to a possible embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of one possible embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of one possible embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system in one possible embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system in another possible embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frequency selection surface in one possible embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frequency selection surface in another possible embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frequency selection surface in another possible embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first frequency band radiating element array and the phase shifter in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 1-Antenna system; 11-Radar radome;

[0049] 111-First radome; 1111-First mounting structure;

[0050] 112 - Second-stage cable cover; 1121 - Second mounting structure;

[0051] 113 - Third radome; 1131 - Third mounting structure;

[0052] 12 - Radiating element array; 121 - First frequency band radiating element array;

[0053] 1211 - First array; 1212 - Second array;

[0054] 1213 - First balun; 1215 - First outer conductor;

[0055] 1214 - First inner conductor; 1216 - First radiating arm;

[0056] 1217 - Second radiating arm; 122 - Second frequency band radiating element array;

[0057] 123 - Third band radiating element array; 1231 - Second balun;

[0058] 124 - Fourth band radiating element array; 13 - Reflector;

[0059] 14-Power supply network; 141-Transmission components;

[0060] 142 - Calibration network; 143 - Phase shifter;

[0061] 1431 - Cavity; 1432 - Phase shifting circuit;

[0062] 1433 - First phase shifter; 1434 - Second phase shifter;

[0063] 144 - Combiner; 145 - Filter;

[0064] 15 - Frequency-selective surface; 151 - First side edge;

[0065] 152 - Second side; 153 - Third side;

[0066] 154 - Fourth side; 2 - Pole;

[0067] 3-Antenna adjustment bracket; 5-RF processing unit;

[0068] 6-Baseband processing unit; 7-Cable. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To facilitate understanding of the antenna system and base station antenna feeder system provided in the embodiments of this application, their application scenarios are described below. Figure 1 Examples are shown, such as Figure 1As shown, this application scenario can include base stations and terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station bubsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of radio signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an Evolutionary Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0070] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a possible structure for a base station antenna feeding system is shown. A base station antenna feeding system typically includes an antenna system 1, a mast 2, and an antenna adjustment bracket 3. The base station antenna system 1 includes an radome 11, which possesses excellent electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the antenna system 1 from external environmental influences. The antenna system 1 can be mounted on the mast 2 or a tower via the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate signal reception or transmission.

[0071] Additionally, the base station may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 5 and a baseband processing unit 6. For example, the RF processing unit 5 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna system 1, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 6. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 5 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal from the baseband processing unit 6 and then convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna system 1 for transmission. The baseband processing unit 6 can be connected to the feed network of the antenna system 1 via the RF processing unit 5. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 5 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 6 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0072] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 5 can be integrated with the antenna system 1, and the baseband processing unit 6 is located at the far end of the antenna system 1. In some other embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 5 and the baseband processing unit 6 can also be located at the far end of the antenna system 1 simultaneously. The radio frequency processing unit 5 and the baseband processing unit 6 can be connected via a cable 7.

[0073] More specifically, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an antenna system according to a possible embodiment of this application. Wherein, as... Figure 3 As shown, the antenna system 1 of the base station may include a radiating element array 12 and a reflector 13. The radiating element array 12, also known as an antenna element, is capable of effectively transmitting or receiving antenna signals. In the antenna system 1, the frequencies of different radiating element arrays 12 may be the same or different. The reflector 13, also known as a base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, may be made of metal. When the antenna system 1 receives a signal, the reflector 13 reflects the antenna signal onto the receiving point. When the antenna system 1 transmits a signal, it reflects the signal incident on the reflector 13 and transmits it. The radiating element array 12 is typically placed on one side of the reflector 13, which not only greatly enhances the signal reception or transmission capability of the antenna system 1 but also blocks and shields interference from other electromagnetic waves originating from the back of the reflector 13 (in this application, the back of the reflector 13 refers to the side opposite to where the radiating element array 12 is located) on the antenna signal reception.

[0074] In the antenna system 1 of the base station, the radiating element array 12 is connected to the feed network 14. The feed network 14 is typically composed of controlled impedance transmission lines. The feed network 14 can feed signals to the radiating element array 12 with a certain amplitude and phase, or send the received signals to the baseband processing unit 6 of the base station with a certain amplitude and phase. Specifically, in some embodiments, the feed network 14 can achieve different radiation beam directions through the transmission component 141, or be connected to the calibration network 142 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. The feed network 14 may include a phase shifter 143 to change the maximum direction of antenna signal radiation. The feed network 14 may also include some modules for extending performance, such as a combiner 144, which can be used to combine signals of different frequencies into one for transmission through the antenna system 1; or, in reverse, it can be used to divide the signals received by the antenna system 1 into multiple paths according to different frequencies and transmit them to the baseband processing unit 6 for processing; or a filter 145, for filtering out interference signals.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of one possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the base station antenna system 1 includes an FSS 15, a first-band radiating element array 121, a second-band radiating element array 122, and a phase shifter 143. Specifically, in the configuration of the antenna system, the FSS 15 is located between the first-band radiating element array 121 and the second-band radiating element array 122. The FSS 15 reflects the signal from the first-band radiating element array 121 and transmits the signal from the second-band radiating element array 122. The signal from the first-band radiating element array 121 specifically includes the signal received by the first-band radiating element array 121 and the signal transmitted by the first-band radiating element array 121; the signal from the second-band radiating element array 122 specifically includes the signal received by the second-band radiating element array 122 and the signal transmitted by the second-band radiating element array 122. In this scheme, by setting FSS15, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the mast. That is, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 are arranged side-by-side (SBS), thereby improving the integration of the antenna system 1 within a single rooftop space. The aforementioned phase shifter 143 includes a cavity 1431 and a phase shifting circuit 1432, with the phase shifting circuit 1432 disposed within the cavity 1431. Specifically, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 can be connected to the phase shifter 143, allowing the phase shifter 143 to power the first frequency band radiating element array 121. In specific embodiments, the method of connecting the first frequency band radiating element array 121 to the phase shifter 143 is not limited; for example, Figure 4In the illustrated embodiment, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 is directly electrically connected to the phase shifter 143 via a metallic FSS 15. Alternatively, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the phase shifter 143 can also be directly electrically connected via a balun of the radiating element. Besides direct electrical connection, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the phase shifter 143 can also be coupled electrically connected; this application does not impose any limitations on this. The cavity 1431 is disposed at the edge of the FSS 15. Specifically, the cavity 1431 can be elongated, and its first extending direction coincides with the second extending direction of the first frequency band radiating element array 121.

[0076] In specific embodiments, a phase shifter 143 may include one or more cavities 1431. For example, when the second-band radiation unit array 122 includes dual-polarized radiation units, the phase shifter 143 includes two cavities 1431 for corresponding connection with a column of second-band radiation unit arrays 122. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments in this application illustrate the phase shifter 143 as having one cavity 1431. The cavity 1431 can be a cavity with a closed cross-section or a cavity with a non-closed cross-section. The cavity 1431 serves to form the ground plane of the phase shifting circuit 1432 of the phase shifter 143. The phase shifting circuit 1432 is disposed in the cavity 1431, and the specific location of the phase shifting circuit 1432 is not limited. For example, when the cavity 1431 is a cavity 1431 with a closed cross section, the phase shifting circuit 1432 being disposed in the cavity 1431 can be understood as the phase shifting circuit 1432 being disposed inside the cavity 1431 or on the outer surface of the cavity 1431.

[0077] In this technical solution, the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter 143 is located at the edge of the FSS15, so there are no structures on the entire surface of the FSS15 that could cause interference. The signal of the second-band radiating element array 122 experiences less insertion loss when passing through the FSS15, which is beneficial for improving the signal quality of the antenna system 1. Furthermore, when configuring the second-band radiating element array 122, there is no need to consider the potential interference from the first-band radiating element array 121, which facilitates decoupling between the two arrays. In other words, the design and layout of the first-band radiating element array 121 can be designed without considering signal interference from the second-band radiating element array 122, and similarly, the design and layout of the second-band radiating element array 122 can also be designed without considering signal interference from the first-band radiating element array 121. This allows for flexible configuration of the first and second-band radiating element arrays 121 and 122 according to requirements. Furthermore, in existing technologies, the space facing the antenna system requires the FSS and a reflector carrying the phase shifter to be arranged side-by-side. This reflector serves two purposes: carrying the phase shifter and reflecting the signal from the first-band radiating element array. However, the reflector cannot transmit the signal from the second-band radiating element array, making it impossible to install the second-band radiating element array on the side of the reflector away from the first-band array, resulting in limited space for its installation. In this embodiment, the reflector for carrying the phase shifter is not required, allowing for the installation of a larger FSS15. Therefore, there is more space on the side of the FSS15 away from the first-band radiating element array 121 to install the aforementioned second-band radiating element array 122, thereby improving the integration of the antenna system 1. In this scheme, the first-band radiating element array 121 and the second-band radiating element array 122 are arranged in an SBS configuration, enabling single-surface deployment of at least two frequency bands of radiating element arrays. From the front of the antenna system 1, i.e., perpendicular to the surface of the FSS15, the antenna system 1 occupies only one roof surface, facilitating deployment. Furthermore, the antenna system 1 has a high degree of integration, resulting in a smaller area and thus a smaller wind load.

[0078] During installation, the antenna system 1 can be mounted on the mast 2 with the second-band radiating element array 122 facing away from the first-band radiating element array 121. That is, the first-band radiating element array 121, FSS 15, and second-band radiating element array 122 are arranged sequentially towards the mast 2. The direction of FSS 15 facing away from the mast 2 is considered the front side, and the direction of FSS 15 towards the mast 2 is considered the rear side. The signal generated by the first-band radiating element array 121 is directly transmitted to the front side of FSS 15, and FSS 15 can reflect the signal generated by the first-band radiating element array 121 towards FSS 15. The signal generated by the second-band radiating element array 122 can pass through FSS 15 and is also transmitted to the front side of FSS 15. In this design, the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter 143 is located at the edge of the FSS15, eliminating the need for an additional reflector for the phase shifter 143. This allows the antenna system 1 to have a larger FSS15 area, resulting in more space on the side of the FSS15 facing away from the first frequency band radiating element array 121. Consequently, the rear side of the FSS15 has more space for the aforementioned second frequency band radiating element array 122, thereby improving the integration of the antenna system 1.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, in addition to the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter 143 being disposed at the edge of the aforementioned FSS15, if the antenna system 1 also includes other components, these other components can also be disposed at the edge of the FSS15.

[0080] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system in one possible embodiment of this application. Specifically, Figure 5 The antenna system is shown in Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure along direction A. Figure 5 As shown, taking the aforementioned FSS15 as a rectangle as an example, the arrangement of the cavity 1431 in this embodiment of the application is explained. The FSS15 includes a first side 151 and a second side 152 extending along a first direction X, and a third side 153 and a fourth side 154 extending along a second direction. The first side 151 and the second side 152 are arranged opposite to each other, and the third side 153 and the fourth side 154 are arranged opposite to each other. The aforementioned phase shifter 143 includes a first phase shifter 1433 and a second phase shifter 1434. The first frequency band radiating element array 121 includes a first array 1211 and a second array 1212. The aforementioned first phase shifter 1433 is connected to the first array 1211, meaning that the first phase shifter 1433 provides power to the first array 1211; the second phase shifter 1434 is connected to the second array 1212, meaning that the second phase shifter 1434 provides power to the second array 1212. The cavity 1431 of the first phase shifter 1433 is specifically disposed on the first side 151, and the cavity 1431 of the second phase shifter 1434 is disposed on the second side 152.

[0081] In this embodiment of the application, the length of the first side 151 is greater than the length of the third side 153. The cavity 1431 is disposed on the first side 151 and the second side 152 of the FSS15, and the first frequency band radiation unit array 121 extends along the first direction X, and the cavity 1431 also extends along the first direction X.

[0082] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 In a specific embodiment, the length of the cavity 1431 along the first extending direction is greater than or equal to the length of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 along the second extending direction. This scheme allows all radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 to be directly disposed in the cavity 1431, thereby shortening the length of the connection structure between the radiating elements and the cavity 1431, reducing insertion loss, and improving the signal quality of the first frequency band radiating element array 121. Furthermore, this scheme also helps to improve the overall strength of the antenna system 1.

[0083] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system in another possible embodiment of this application. Specifically, Figure 6 The antenna system is shown in Figure 4 The diagram shows another structural schematic in direction A. (As shown) Figure 6 As shown, in other embodiments, the length of the cavity 1431 along the first extending direction may also be less than the length of the first frequency band radiating unit array 121 along the first extending direction. In this embodiment, the length of the cavity 1431 along the first extending direction only needs to be sufficient to allow the first frequency band radiating unit array 121 to be connected to the cavity 1431.

[0084] This application does not limit the specific structure of the FSS15 described above, as long as it can reflect the signal of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and transmit the signal of the second frequency band radiating element array 122. In a specific embodiment, the FSS15 can be a grid structure. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the FSS structure in one possible embodiment of this application. Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, FSS15 includes multiple spaces, each containing a rectangular metal frame. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the FSS in another possible embodiment of this application. Figure 8 In the embodiment shown, FSS15 also includes multiple spaces, each containing a rectangular metal sheet. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the FSS in another possible embodiment of this application. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, FSS15 includes multiple independent metal frame lines, each containing a rectangular metal sheet.

[0085] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 In a specific embodiment, the radiation element of the first frequency band radiation element array 121 includes a first balun 1213, which is electrically connected to the phase shifter 143. Specifically, when the first balun 1213 is electrically connected to the phase shifter 143, the first balun 1213 of the first frequency band radiation element array 121 can be connected to the FSS 15, and then connected to the phase shifter 143 through the FSS 15.

[0086] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the first balun 1213 of the radiating element of the first band radiating element array 121 is directly electrically connected to the phase shifter 143. This scheme eliminates the need for signal transmission between the first balun 1213 and the phase shifter 143 via the FSS 15. The shorter signal transmission path results in less insertion loss, which is beneficial for improving the gain of the first band radiating element array 121 and enhancing the performance of the antenna system 1. Furthermore, since this scheme eliminates the need for FSS 15 to transmit the signal between the first balun 1213 and the phase shifter 143, the interference of FSS 15 to the second band radiating element array 122 is reduced, which is beneficial for improving the gain of the second band radiating element array 122 and also enhances the performance of the antenna system 1.

[0087] In this scheme, the electrical connection between the first balun 1213 and the phase shifter 143 can be a direct electrical connection or a coupled electrical connection, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 10 Specifically, when configuring the first-band radiating element array 121, its projection onto the FSS 15 is entirely located on the FSS 15. In this configuration, the FSS 15 can completely reflect the signals from the first-band radiating element array 121, including both the signals received and transmitted by the first-band radiating element array 121. This configuration can improve the gain of the first-band radiating element array 121.

[0089] Regarding the second-band radiating element array 122 located behind FSS15, its projection onto FSS15 can be entirely located on FSS15 or partially located on FSS15; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 10When setting up the first frequency band radiating element array 121, to ensure that the projection of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 onto FSS15 is completely located on FSS15, the first balun 1213 can be set at an acute angle to FSS15. In this scheme, the smaller angle between the first balun 1213 and FSS15 is an acute angle, and the first balun 1213 is tilted towards the center of FSS15. It is worth noting that the aforementioned acute angle setting of the first balun 1213 and FSS15 refers to the overall structural orientation of the first balun 1213. That is, the first balun 1213 can be a linear structure and set at an acute angle to FSS15, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0091] Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first balun 1213 described above may also be a segmented structure. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first balun 1213 includes two parts, one part being perpendicular to the FSS15 and the other part being set at an acute angle to the FSS15. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the first balun 1213 can also be considered to be set at an acute angle to the FSS 15. In short, it is sufficient that the first balun 1213 is generally set at an acute angle to the FSS 15 and tilted toward the center of the FSS 15.

[0092] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the phase shifter 143 in one embodiment of this application. Figure 12 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the phase shifter 143 further includes a phase shifting circuit 1432, which is disposed in the cavity 1431. The first balun 1213 includes a first outer conductor 1215 and a first inner conductor 1214. The radiation element of the first frequency band radiation element array 121 includes two sets of radiation arms with different polarization directions. Each set of radiation arms includes a first radiation arm 1216 and a second radiation arm 1217 with the same polarization. The first outer conductor 1215 connects the first radiation arm 1216 to the cavity 1431, and the first inner conductor 1214 connects the second radiation arm 1217 to the phase shifting circuit 1432. Figure 12 As shown, the first radiating arm 1216 and the second radiating arm 1217 connected by a straight line form a group of radiating arms with the same polarization direction, while the first radiating arm 1216 and the second radiating arm 1217 connected by a dashed line form another group of radiating arms with the same polarization direction. The straight lines and dashed lines in the figure are only used to distinguish between the two groups of radiating arms; their actual structures are not distinguished. Furthermore, the specific connection methods of the straight lines and dashed lines can be the same, which will not be elaborated here.

[0093] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 11In a specific embodiment, the antenna system 1 further includes a reflector 13, which is disposed on the side of the second-band radiating element array 122 away from the FSS 15. In this scheme, the reflector 13, disposed on the side of the second-band radiating element array 122 away from the FSS 15, is used to reflect the signals of the second-band radiating element array 122, specifically including signals transmitted to the second-band radiating element array 122 and signals emitted by the second-band radiating element array 122. This scheme can improve the gain of the second-band radiating element array 122.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the second-band radiating element array 122 is also connected to a phase shifter, which is used to power the second-band radiating element array 122. The specific location of the phase shifter is not limited in this application. For example, when a reflector is provided on the side of the second-band radiating element array 122 away from the FSS15, the phase shifter can be positioned on the reflector. Of course, even if the second-band radiating element array 122 does not have a corresponding reflector, the phase shifter can still be mounted using structural components.

[0095] In the specific technical solution, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 can be a passive radiating element array. The first frequency band radiating element array 121 does not interfere with the second frequency band radiating element array 122 located behind the FSS15, facilitating the stacking of the radiating element arrays 12. In a specific embodiment, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 can be a fourth-generation (4G) low-frequency antenna, typically in the 690MHz~960MHz band. The second frequency band radiating element array 122 can be either a passive or active radiating element array; this application does not impose any limitations on this. When the second frequency band radiating element array 122 is an active radiating element array, it can be a fifth-generation (5G) high-frequency antenna, typically in the 2600MHz or 3500MHz band. Specifically, the second frequency band radiating element array 122 can be a massively multi-input multiple-output (MM) antenna.

[0096] Furthermore, the frequency band of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 can be smaller than the frequency band of the second frequency band radiating element array 122. Generally, the smaller the frequency band, the larger the size of each individual radiating element in the radiating element array. In this scheme, the size of the radiating element located at the front of the FSS15 is relatively large compared to the overall radiating elements of the antenna system. Figure 11 Looking at the A direction, the appearance of antenna system 1 is relatively regular, and the wind load of antenna system 1 can also be relatively small.

[0097] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 11 Specifically, when configuring the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122, the radiating surface of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 can be parallel to the FSS15. In this scheme, since the radiating surfaces of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 are parallel to the FSS15, the directions of the transmitted and received signal beams of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 are the same as the directions of the transmitted and received signal beams of the second frequency band radiating element array 122. The aforementioned radiating surface specifically refers to the surface of the radiating element. When installing the antenna system 1 in this embodiment, the directions of the transmitted and received signal beams of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the transmitted and received signal beams of the second frequency band radiating element array 122 can both extend directly forward, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the signal coverage range of the antenna system 1. It should be noted that the aforementioned "parallel" positional relationship refers to approximately parallel, and may include slight non-parallelism caused by errors in manufacturing, installation, and other processes.

[0098] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 11 In this embodiment, the antenna system 1 includes a first radome 111 and a second radome 112. The first frequency band radiating element array 121 is disposed within the first radome 111, and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 is disposed within the second radome 112. In this scheme, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 each have independent radomes, allowing for independent installation and replacement of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122. This scheme facilitates the decoupling of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122, and facilitates the independent evolution of the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 in the antenna system 1. In this embodiment, the FSS 15 can also be disposed within the first radome 111, and the reflector 13 can be disposed within the second radome 112.

[0099] like Figure 11 As shown, when installing the antenna system 1, the first radome 111 and the second radome 112 can be fixedly connected, so that the antenna system 1 is first fixed into an integral structure. Then, the integral antenna system 1 is installed onto the mast 2, for example, as shown. Figure 11In the illustrated embodiment, the first radome 111 has a first mounting structure 1111, and the second radome 112 has a second mounting structure 1121. The first radome 111 and the second radome 112 are connected into an integral structure via the second mounting structure 1121, and then mounted to the mast using the first mounting structure 1111. This solution simplifies the operation of mounting the antenna system 1 to the mast 2.

[0100] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown, in another embodiment, the first radome 111 has a first mounting structure 1111, which is mounted to the mast 2. The second radome 112 has a second mounting structure 1121, which is also mounted to the mast 2. In this application's technical solution, different frequency band radiating element arrays can be mounted to the mast respectively. In this embodiment, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the second frequency band radiating element array 122 are completely decoupled, facilitating the independent evolution of each frequency band radiating element array of the antenna system 1.

[0101] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 14 As shown, in another embodiment, the antenna system 1 further includes a third-band radiating element array 123, which is located on the same side of the FSS15 as the first-band radiating element array 121. In this scheme, the number of frequency bands of the radiating element arrays set on the front side of the FSS15 is not limited; a single-band radiating element array, a two-band radiating element array, or a radiating element array with more frequency bands can be set.

[0102] like Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the third-band radiation unit array 123 can also be directly disposed in the cavity 1431 and connected to the cavity 1431 through the second balun 1231. The specific connection method of the second balun 1231 is the same as the connection method of the first balun 1213, and will not be described in detail here. Alternatively, Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 15As shown, in another embodiment, the aforementioned third-band radiating element array 123 can also be disposed on the FSS 15. In this embodiment, the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter 143 connected to the third-band radiating element array 123 is also disposed on the edge of the aforementioned FSS 15. In this embodiment, the third-band radiating element array 123 is connected to the cavity 1431 through the FSS 15. This application does not limit this. Specifically, the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter connected to the third-band radiating element array 123 can be disposed parallel to the cavity 1431 of the phase shifter connected to the first-band radiating element array 121 on the edge of the FSS 15. In one implementation, they can be fixed as a single structure or as a single molded structure.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15 In the above embodiments, the first frequency band radiating element array 121 and the third frequency band radiating element array 123 can be disposed within the same radome, for example, both can be disposed within the first radome 111. Furthermore, the third frequency band radiating element array 123 can specifically be a passive radiating element array. The frequency band of the third frequency band radiating element array 123 can be smaller than that of the first frequency band radiating element array 121. The phase shifter 143 connected to the third frequency band radiating element array 123 can also be located at the edge of the FSS 15. Figure 15 (Not shown in the image). In summary, the third frequency band radiating element array 123 is identical to the first frequency band radiating element array 121 in all aspects except for the frequency band.

[0104] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 16 As shown, the antenna system 1 also includes a fourth-band radiating element array 124, which is located on the same side of the FSS15 as the second-band radiating element array 122. In this scheme, the number of frequency bands of the radiating element array set on the rear side of the FSS15 is not limited; a single-band radiating element array, a two-band radiating element array, or a radiating element array with more than one frequency band can be set.

[0105] Specifically, when configuring the second-band radiating element array 122 and the fourth-band radiating element array 124, they can be arranged side-by-side. More specifically, they can be positioned on the same plane. This ensures that when both the second-band radiating element array 122 and the fourth-band radiating element array 124 are active radiating element arrays, there is no signal obstruction issue.

[0106] The aforementioned fourth-band radiating element array 124 can specifically be a passive radiating element array or an active radiating element array. In a specific embodiment, the frequency band of the fourth-band radiating element array 124 can be greater than the frequency band of the first-band radiating element array 121. In summary, compared with the second-band radiating element array 122, the fourth-band radiating element array 124 has the same characteristics as the second-band radiating element array 122 in the above embodiments, except for the different frequency bands.

[0107] like Figure 16 As shown, the second frequency band radiating element array 122 and the fourth frequency band radiating element array 124 in the above embodiments can be disposed in the same radome, for example, both can be disposed in the second radome 112.

[0108] or, Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 17 The illustrated embodiment also allows the second-band radiating element array 122 and the fourth-band radiating element array 124 to be housed within different radomes. Specifically, the second-band radiating element array 122 can be housed within the second radome 112, and the fourth-band radiating element array 124 can be housed within the third radome 113. The specific installation method for the second radome 112 and the third radome 113 is not limited.

[0109] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 17 In a specific embodiment, the second antenna cover 112 has a second mounting structure 1121, which is mounted on the mast 2. The third antenna cover 113 is fixedly connected to the first antenna cover 111, and the first antenna cover 111 has a first mounting structure 1111, which is mounted on the mast 2.

[0110] or, Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 18 In the embodiment shown, the first antenna cover 111, the second antenna cover 112 and the third antenna cover 113 can also be fixed as a whole structure, and then the first mounting structure 1111 connected to the first antenna cover 111 can be mounted on the mast 2.

[0111] or, Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna system composition of another possible embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 19In the illustrated embodiment, the first radome 111 has a first mounting structure 1111, which is mounted to the mast 2. The second radome 112 has a second mounting structure 1121, which is also mounted to the mast 2. The third radome 113 can also have a third mounting structure 1131, which is mounted to the mast 2. In a specific embodiment, the first radome 111, the second radome 112, and the third radome 113 are each independently mounted to the mast 2.

[0112] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A first antenna system, characterized in that, The antenna includes a frequency selective surface, a first band radiating element array, a phase shifter, and a first radome, wherein the frequency selective surface, the first band radiating element array, and the phase shifter are disposed within the first radome, wherein: The frequency selective surface is disposed on one side of the first frequency band radiating element array. The frequency selective surface is used to reflect the signal of the first frequency band radiating element array and to transmit the signal of the second frequency band radiating element array. The frequency selective surface is located between the first frequency band radiating element array and the second frequency band radiating element array, and the second frequency band radiating element array is located outside the first radome. The phase shifter includes a cavity. The cavity is disposed on the edge of the frequency selective surface, wherein the frequency selective surface is a grid structure.

2. The first antenna system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array are directly electrically connected to the phase shifter.

3. The first antenna system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The phase shifter further includes a phase shifting circuit. The first frequency band radiation unit array includes a first balun, which includes a first outer conductor and a first inner conductor. The radiation unit of the first frequency band radiation unit array includes a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm that are copolarized. The first outer conductor connects the first radiation arm to the cavity, and the first inner conductor connects the second radiation arm to the phase shifting circuit.

4. The first antenna system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first balun forms an acute angle with the frequency selection surface.

5. The first antenna system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency selection surface includes a first side and a second side, and the phase shifter includes a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter. The cavity of the first phase shifter is disposed on the first side, and the cavity of the second phase shifter is disposed on the second side. The first frequency band radiating element array includes a first array and a second array, the first phase shifter is connected to the first array, and the second phase shifter is connected to the second array.

6. The first antenna system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first side and the second side are arranged opposite to each other.

7. The first antenna system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The frequency selection surface further includes a third side and a fourth side, wherein the third side and the fourth side are arranged opposite to each other, and the length of the first side is greater than that of the third side.

8. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array are electrically coupled to the phase shifter.

9. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The cavity extends along a first direction, and the first frequency band radiation unit array extends along the first direction.

10. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The length of the cavity in the first direction is greater than, equal to or less than the length of the first frequency band radiating element array in the first direction.

11. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first frequency band radiation element array is a passive radiation element array.

12. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The radiating surface of the first frequency band radiating element array is parallel to the frequency selection surface.

13. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The projection of the first frequency band radiating element array onto the frequency selection surface is completely located on the frequency selection surface.

14. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first antenna radome is provided with a first mounting structure, which is mounted to a mast.

15. The first antenna system as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that, The antenna system further includes a third-band radiating element array, wherein the first-band radiating element array and the third-band radiating element array are located on the same side of the frequency selection surface, and the third-band radiating element array is also disposed in the first radome.

16. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The frequency selection surface includes multiple spaces, each space containing a rectangular metal frame; or, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple spaces, each space containing a rectangular metal plate; or, The frequency selection surface includes multiple spaces, each space containing a rectangular metal frame, and each rectangular metal frame containing a rectangular metal sheet.

17. The first antenna system as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array include a first balun, which is electrically connected to the phase shifter, wherein the first balun is connected to the frequency selection surface.

18. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The radiating elements of the first frequency band radiating element array include a first balun, which is electrically connected to the phase shifter, wherein the first balun is connected to the frequency selection surface.

19. The first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The phase shifter also includes a phase shifting circuit. The cavity is elongated and the phase shifting circuit is disposed inside or on the outer surface of the cavity.

20. A base station antenna feeder system, characterized in that, Includes the first antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 18.

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