Base station, user equipment in wireless communication system, and methods performed by same

Abstract

The invention provides a base station in a wireless communication system, user equipment and a method executed by the base station and the user equipment. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes: receiving first information from a base station; performing digital baseband coding on uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband coding mode; and sending the encoded uplink information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and more particularly, to a base station, a user equipment and methods executed by the same in a wireless communications system. Background Art

[0002] To meet the increased demand for wireless data communication services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or quasi-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or quasi-5G communication systems are also referred to as "beyond 4G networks" or "post-LTE systems."

[0003] 5G communication systems are implemented in higher-frequency (millimeter wave, mmWave) bands, such as the 60 GHz band, to achieve higher data rates. To reduce radio wave propagation losses and increase transmission distances, 5G communication systems utilize technologies such as beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive antennas.

[0004] In addition, in the 5G communication system, system network improvements are being developed based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, collaborative communications, coordinated multi-point (CoMP), and receiving-end interference cancellation.

[0005] In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) have been developed as advanced coding modulation (ACM), as well as filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies.

[0006] Currently, in order to support passive / low-power tags to work better in the network, an enhanced transmission method is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method executed by a user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving first information from a base station; performing digital baseband encoding on uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method; and sending the encoded uplink information.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of the following: information about a digital baseband coding method, resource information, power control information, a paging address message related to the UE, an instruction message for the UE, a data format, and purpose information.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information, wherein the coding information includes at least one of the following: coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, and subcarrier frequency.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method includes at least one of the following: digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband encoding method included in the first information; digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on at least one of the capabilities of the UE, the reception strength of the signal carrying the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband encoding methods.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sending of the encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: sending the encoded uplink information on a received carrier; sending the encoded uplink information on a specific frequency domain, wherein the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or pre-defined.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the uplink information includes one or more of the following: a preamble selected by the UE, identity information of the UE, user data of the UE, capability information of the UE, destination address information of the uplink information, status information of the UE, and information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method also includes: receiving a downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, wherein the information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

[0015] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, comprising: sending first information to a user equipment UE; and receiving encoded uplink information, wherein the encoded uplink information is digitally baseband encoded based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of the following: information about a digital baseband coding method, resource information, power control information, a paging address message related to the UE, an instruction message for the UE, a data format, and purpose information.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information, wherein the coding information includes at least one of the following: coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, and subcarrier frequency.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband coding method included in the first information; uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on at least one of the capability of the UE, the receiving strength of the signal carrying the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband coding methods.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the received encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: receiving the encoded uplink information sent by the UE on the received carrier; receiving the encoded uplink information sent by the UE on a specific frequency domain, wherein the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or pre-defined.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the uplink information includes one or more of the following: a preamble selected by the UE, identity information of the UE, user data of the UE, capability information of the UE, destination address information of the uplink information, status information of the UE, and information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: sending a downlink signal to the UE, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, wherein the information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

[0023] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising: a transceiver configured to send and receive signals; and a controller coupled to the transceiver and configured to execute a method performed by the UE in the wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a base station in a wireless communication system, comprising: a transceiver configured to send and receive signals; and a controller coupled to the transceiver and configured to execute a method performed by the base station in the wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed by a processor, they can be used to implement any method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] The uplink and / or downlink signal transmission method for an environmental Internet of Things system provided in the present disclosure can effectively support uplink and / or downlink communications of environmental Internet of Things devices and improve communication efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 An example wireless network 100 is shown according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2a and Figure 2b Example wireless transmit and receive paths according to the present disclosure are shown;

[0030] Figure 3a An example UE according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 3b A typical AIoT device architecture according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 3c An example gNB according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 4A schematic flow chart of a method executed by a UE (User Equipment) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating a method performed by a UE (User Equipment) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of frequency domain response of backscatter uplink transmission and carrier (CW) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a downlink signal format according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing Maitreya code symbols of different subcarrier sequences according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0038] Figure 9 shows digital baseband information of Manchester code without subcarrier sequence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing spectrum of digital baseband coding methods for different subcarrier sequences according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0040] Figure 11 A schematic flow chart of a method executed by a base station side in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0041] Figure 12 A flowchart of a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0042] Figure 13 A flowchart of a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0043] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0044] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, is provided to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. This description includes various specific details to facilitate understanding but should be considered as illustrative only. Therefore, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the various embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known functions and structures may be omitted for the sake of clarity and conciseness.

[0046] The terms and expressions used in the following description and claims are not limited to their dictionary meanings, but are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purposes only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0047] It will be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a component surface" includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

[0048] The terms "include" or "may include" refer to the presence of the corresponding disclosed functions, operations, or components that can be used in various embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than limiting the presence of one or more additional functions, operations, or features. In addition, the terms "include" or "have" can be interpreted as indicating certain characteristics, numbers, steps, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof, but should not be interpreted as excluding the possibility of the presence of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0049] The term "or" used in various embodiments of the present disclosure includes any of the listed terms and all combinations thereof. For example, "A or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical or scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art described in this disclosure. Common terms as defined in dictionaries are interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context in the relevant technical field and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless explicitly defined in this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 1 An example wireless network 100 is shown in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0052] Wireless network 100 includes gNodeB (gNB) 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a private IP network, or other data network.

[0053] Depending on the network type, other well-known terms such as "base station" or "access point" can be used instead of "gNodeB" or "gNB." For convenience, the terms "gNodeB" and "gNB" are used in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on the network type, other well-known terms such as "mobile station," "subscriber station," "remote terminal," "wireless terminal," or "user device" can be used instead of "user equipment" or "UE." For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this patent document to refer to a remote wireless device that wirelessly accesses a gNB, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or smartphone) or what is typically considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0054] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a first plurality of user equipment (UEs) within gNB 102's coverage area 120. The first plurality of UEs includes: UE 111, which may be located in a small business (SB); UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise (E); UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); UE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R); UE 115, which may be located in a second residence (R); and UE 116, which may be a mobile device (M) such as a cellular phone, wireless laptop, or wireless PDA. gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within gNB 103's coverage area 125. The second plurality of UEs includes UE 115 and UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 may be capable of communicating with each other and with UEs 111-116 using 5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX, or other advanced wireless communication technologies.

[0055] The dashed lines illustrate the approximate extents of coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as coverage areas 120 and 125, can have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on the configuration of the gNB and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstacles.

[0056] As described in more detail below, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 include a 2D antenna array as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 supports codebook design and structure for systems with 2D antenna arrays.

[0057] although Figure 1 One example of a wireless network 100 is shown, but Figure 1 Various changes may be made. For example, wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Furthermore, gNB 101 can communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can communicate directly with network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to network 130. Furthermore, gNBs 101, 102, and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as an external telephone network or other type of data network.

[0058] Figure 2a and Figure 2b Example wireless transmit and receive paths according to the present disclosure are shown. In the following description, transmit path 200 can be described as being implemented in a gNB (such as gNB 102), while receive path 250 can be described as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it should be understood that receive path 250 can be implemented in a gNB and transmit path 200 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, receive path 250 is configured to support codebook design and structure for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0059] The transmit path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block 205, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210, an N-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block 215, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 220, an add cyclic prefix block 225, and an upconverter (UC) 230. The receive path 250 includes a downconverter (DC) 255, a remove cyclic prefix block 260, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 265, an N-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 270, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

[0060] In the transmit path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as low-density parity check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulation symbols. The serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210 converts (e.g., demultiplexes) the serial modulation symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the number of IFFT / FFT points used in the gNB 102 and UE 116. The N-point IFFT block 215 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The parallel-to-serial block 220 converts (e.g., multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from the N-point IFFT block 215 to generate a serial time-domain signal. The add cyclic prefix block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. The upconverter 230 modulates (such as upconverts) the output of the add cyclic prefix block 225 to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at baseband before being converted to an RF frequency.

[0061] The RF signal transmitted from gNB 102 arrives at UE 116 after traversing the wireless channel. UE 116 performs operations that are the inverse of those performed at gNB 102. Downconverter 255 downconverts the received signal to baseband frequency, and cyclic prefix removal block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. Serial-to-parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal into parallel time-domain signals. N-point FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. Parallel-to-serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals into a sequence of modulated data symbols. Channel decoding and demodulation block 280 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0062] Each of gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmit path similar to 200 for transmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and may implement a receive path similar to 250 for receiving in the uplink from UEs 111-116. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmit path 200 for transmitting in the uplink to gNB 101-103 and may implement a receive path 250 for receiving in the downlink from gNB 101-103.

[0063] Figure 2a and Figure 2b Each of the components in can be implemented using hardware alone, or a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, Figure 2a and Figure 2bAt least some of the components in the embodiment may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented in configurable hardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. For example, FFT block 270 and IFFT block 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, wherein the value of the number of points N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0064] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer that is a power of 2 (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0065] although Figure 2a and Figure 2b Examples of wireless transmit and receive paths are shown, but Figure 2a and Figure 2b Make various changes. For example, Figure 2a and Figure 2b The various components in can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific needs. Figure 2a and Figure 2b It is intended to illustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

[0066] Figure 3a An example UE 116 is shown in accordance with the present disclosure. Figure 3a The embodiment of UE 116 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only, and Figure 1 UEs 111-115 can have the same or similar configurations. However, UEs have a variety of configurations, and Figure 3a The scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular implementation of the UE.

[0067] UE 116 includes an antenna 305, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 310, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 315, a microphone 320, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 325. UE 116 also includes a speaker 330, a processor / controller 340, an input / output (I / O) interface 345, input device(s) 350, a display 355, and memory 360. Memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0068] RF transceiver 310 receives incoming RF signals from antenna 305, transmitted by a gNB of wireless network 100. RF transceiver 310 downconverts the incoming RF signals to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent to RX processing circuitry 325, which generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. RX processing circuitry 325 sends the processed baseband signal to speaker 330 (such as for voice data) or to processor / controller 340 (such as for web browsing data) for further processing.

[0069] The TX processing circuit 315 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 320, or other outgoing baseband data (such as network data, email, or interactive video game data) from the processor / controller 340. The TX processing circuit 315 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 310 receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 315 and up-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that is transmitted via the antenna 305.

[0070] The processor / controller 340 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute an OS 361 stored in the memory 360 to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor / controller 340 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals through the RF transceiver 310, the RX processing circuitry 325, and the TX processing circuitry 315 in accordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor / controller 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0071] Processor / controller 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in memory 360, such as operations for channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. Processor / controller 340 is capable of moving data into or out of memory 360 as required by the executed processes. In some embodiments, processor / controller 340 is configured to execute applications 362 based on OS 361 or in response to signals received from a gNB or operator. Processor / controller 340 is also coupled to I / O interface 345, which provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptops and handheld computers. I / O interface 345 serves as a communication path between these accessories and processor / controller 340.

[0072] Processor / controller 340 is also coupled to input device(s) 350 and display 355. An operator of UE 116 can input data into UE 116 using input device(s) 350. Display 355 can be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of presenting text and / or at least limited graphics (such as from a website). Memory 360 is coupled to processor / controller 340. A portion of memory 360 can include random access memory (RAM), while another portion of memory 360 can include flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0073] although Figure 3a An example of a UE 116 is shown, but it is possible to Figure 3a Make various changes. For example, Figure 3a The various components in can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific needs. As a specific example, processor / controller 340 can be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Moreover, although Figure 3a The UE 116 is shown configured as a mobile phone or smartphone, but the UE can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0074] A typical AIoT device architecture is as follows Figure 3b As shown, its architecture includes an antenna, an impedance matching network, a receiving module, an energy collection and management module, a modulation module, and a signal processing module. Among them, the impedance matching network can be implemented by a simple load circuit (such as series and parallel connections between resistors, capacitors, and inductors). The network can achieve conjugate matching between the antenna impedance Za and the load circuit impedance Zc, thereby maximizing the energy transmitted from the antenna to the load circuit; the receiving module can be implemented by a low-power envelope detector and a signal comparator, whose input is the RF signal received by the antenna and whose output is a digital baseband signal; the energy collection and management module can be composed of a rectifier, a voltage limiting circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit. The module can convert the RF signal into electrical energy and provide a stable DC voltage for the load circuit; the modulation module (or backscatter modulation module) is composed of a circuit with variable impedance. The module can change the circuit impedance to make the input impedance of the entire load circuit mismatch with the antenna impedance, thereby increasing the reflection coefficient of the AIoT device and causing part of the input RF signal to be reflected back. The change in its impedance can be controlled by the signal processing module. A common implementation method is to change the impedance by switching the switch; the signal processing module can demodulate and / or decode the digital baseband signal generated by the receiving module, and can control the modulation module to perform backscatter transmission.

[0075] Figure 3cAn example gNB 102 according to the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3c The embodiment of the gNB 102 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only, and Figure 1 Other gNBs can have the same or similar configurations. However, gNBs have a variety of configurations, and Figure 3c The scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular implementation of a gNB. It should be noted that gNB 101 and gNB 103 can include the same or similar structure as gNB 102.

[0076] like Figure 3c As shown in FIG, gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 370a-370n, multiple RF transceivers 372a-372n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 374, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 376. In some embodiments, one or more of the multiple antennas 370a-370n comprise a 2D antenna array. gNB 102 also includes a controller / processor 378, memory 380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

[0077] RF transceivers 372a-372n receive incoming RF signals from antennas 370a-370n, such as signals transmitted by a UE or other gNB. RF transceivers 372a-372n downconvert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent to RX processing circuitry 376, which filters, decodes, and / or digitizes the baseband or IF signals to generate processed baseband signals. RX processing circuitry 376 sends the processed baseband signals to controller / processor 378 for further processing.

[0078] The TX processing circuitry 374 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, network data, email, or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 378. The TX processing circuitry 374 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 372a-372n receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TX processing circuitry 374 and up-convert the baseband or IF signals into RF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 370a-370n.

[0079] The controller / processor 378 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 378 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals via the RF transceivers 372a-372n, the RX processing circuitry 376, and the TX processing circuitry 374 in accordance with well-known principles. The controller / processor 378 can also support additional functionality, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 378 can perform blind interference sensing (BIS) procedures, such as those performed by a Blind Interference Sensing (BIS) algorithm, and decode received signals with interference signals subtracted. The controller / processor 378 can support any of a variety of other functions within the gNB 102. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0080] The controller / processor 378 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 380, such as a basic OS. The controller / processor 378 is also capable of supporting channel quality measurement and reporting for systems having 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 supports communication between entities such as web RTC. The controller / processor 378 is capable of moving data into or out of the memory 380 as needed by the executing processes.

[0081] The controller / processor 378 is also coupled to a backhaul or network interface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems via a backhaul connection or over a network. The backhaul or network interface 382 can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as one supporting 5G or new radio access technology, or NR, LTE, or LTE-A), the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or with a larger network, such as the Internet, via a wired or wireless connection. The backhaul or network interface 382 includes any suitable structure that supports communication over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or RF transceiver.

[0082] Memory 380 is coupled to controller / processor 378. A portion of memory 380 can include RAM, while another portion of memory 380 can include flash memory or other ROM. In some embodiments, a plurality of instructions, such as a BIS algorithm, are stored in the memory. The plurality of instructions are configured to cause controller / processor 378 to perform the BIS process and decode the received signal after subtracting at least one interfering signal determined by the BIS algorithm.

[0083] As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of gNB 102 (implemented using RF transceivers 372a-372n, TX processing circuitry 374, and / or RX processing circuitry 376) support aggregated communications with FDD cells and TDD cells.

[0084] although Figure 3c An example of a gNB 102 is shown, but the Figure 3c For example, gNB 102 can include any number of Figure 3a . As a specific example, an access point can include a number of backhaul or network interfaces 382, and the controller / processor 378 can support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another specific example, while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry 374 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 376, the gNB 102 can include multiple instances of each (such as one for each RF transceiver).

[0085] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clear, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0086] The text and drawings are provided as examples only to help readers understand the present disclosure. They are not intended to, and should not be interpreted as, limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on what is disclosed herein that the embodiments and examples shown may be modified without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0087] In this disclosure, user equipment (UE) may be used interchangeably with user, terminal, tag, etc.

[0088] In this disclosure, information and data may also be used interchangeably.

[0089] Within Long Term Evolution (LTE), cellular IoT technologies include machine-type communication (MTC) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). These cellular IoT communication technologies offer low cost, low power consumption, high latency, wide coverage, and large-scale access, making them suitable for IoT scenarios such as smart cities, smart factories, and remote meter reading. Furthermore, radio frequency identification (RFID), a low-power and even passive near-field communication method, is also widely used in IoT services.

[0090] Near-field IoT technologies such as RFID have the access management mechanism of cellular IoT technology. However, due to the lack of a good control stage, there will be collisions in the communication between RFID tags and readers, which affects the system capacity and has a large access delay.

[0091] Existing cellular IoT networks access and communicate via a two- or four-step random access process. Due to tag complexity, this random access process is not easily adaptable to existing cellular IoT networks. Furthermore, RFID technology supports tag access via the ALOHA or slotted ALOHA protocols. However, these ALOHA-based or slotted ALOHA access methods have a high collision probability and long access times.

[0092] Currently, in order to support passive / low-power tags to work better in the network, an enhanced transmission method is urgently needed.

[0093] The present disclosure provides a transmitting and receiving method for a low-cost and low-power IoT device.

[0094] For low-complexity IoT devices, the methods for receiving downlink signals and transmitting uplink signals differ from traditional wireless communication methods. Downlink reception is primarily based on envelope detection, while uplink transmission can be based on backscattering or autonomously generated uplink signals. Autonomously generating uplink signals can involve the UE independently generating a carrier wave at a specific frequency and modulating uplink information on that carrier wave, or directly generating modulated information and frequency-shifting it to a specific frequency. Backscattering technology involves a device modulating its own information onto a carrier wave (CW) sent by another node in the environment, reflecting the modulated CW, and thus transmitting the uplink signal. Transmitting devices that transmit signals based on backscattering do not generate their own carrier wave, eliminating the need for RF circuits such as amplifiers and mixers found in traditional communication devices. This significantly reduces device cost and the need for power or batteries. Although power consumption may increase for devices that can generate their own uplink carrier waves, uplink transmission is more flexible and can better avoid collisions and interference. In this disclosure, since the transmission of such IoT devices mainly relies on environmental signals, such IoT devices are referred to as ambient IoT (Ambient IoT, AIoT) devices (also referred to as tags). This naming is mainly for the convenience of description and is not used to limit the scope of the device.

[0095] In the AIoT system, the transmission of signals / channels such as data and services can be directly transmitted between the base station and the AIoT device (such as a tag device); it can also be transmitted through an intermediate node. For example, the base station sends information related to the AIoT device to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node sends data to the AIoT device; and the AIoT device sends data to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node then sends information related to the AIoT device to the base station.

[0096] In this specification, for the services in AIoT devices, a principle similar to that of traditional cell communications is adopted, and the transmission sent from the base station or intermediate node to the AIoT device is called downlink transmission, and the transmission sent from the AIoT device to the base station or intermediate node is called uplink transmission. In addition, the transmission related to the AIoT device sent from the base station to the intermediate node can also be called downlink transmission, and the transmission related to the AIoT device sent from the intermediate node to the base station can be called uplink transmission. Unless otherwise specified in this specification, the uplink / downlink transmission corresponds to the relationship between the transmitting and receiving nodes, and is not used to limit whether the transmission occurs on the uplink or downlink resources. For example, the uplink transmission in the AIoT system can also be sent and received on the downlink frequency band in the FDD system, and the downlink transmission in the AIoT system can also be sent and received on the uplink time slot in the TDD system.

[0097] The base station in this specification may also be replaced by other devices, such as a communication device as an external accessory of the base station, a relay node, an IAB node, a repeater node, a bypass node, a centralized unit of the base station, a distributed unit of the base station, the control plane part of the centralized unit of the base station, the user plane part of the centralized unit of the base station, etc. Any mechanism applicable to the base station in this specification may also be similarly used in scenarios where the base station is replaced by other nodes, and will not be repeated. Among them, the difference between the communication device of the external accessory of the base station and the base station may include: the device is able to send DL signals / channels on the UL frequency band in the FDD system and on the UL time unit in the TDD system, including sending DL signals / channels corresponding to the communication between the base station and the UE and the DL signals / channels corresponding to the communication between the base station and the AIoT device.

[0098] The term "UE" in this specification refers to a device node in an AIoT system. It can be a specific type of node or device, such as a tag-type device. It can also be referred to as a user or user equipment. For simplicity, this specification uses the term "UE" to describe the device.

[0099] The base station in this specification can be a specific type of node or device, such as a base station, relay node, reader and writer, etc. It can be deployed in the same location as some communication nodes, or it can be upgraded to achieve the function of communicating with AIoT devices for the current communication node. The node can be a relay node, an IAB node, a repeater node, a bypass node, a user handheld device, etc. For simplicity, this specification uses base stations to describe. In addition, in this specification, sending AIoT downlink, receiving AIoT uplink, and powering AIoT devices can be achieved through different nodes.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, configuration information includes at least one of the following: information configured by the base station, information indicated in received signaling, information configured by a higher layer, and information pre-configured. Furthermore, the configuration information may be a set of configuration information obtained by the above method; or multiple sets of configuration information obtained by the above method, from which the UE or node may select a set of configuration information for use based on predefined conditions; or a set of configuration information obtained by the above method, where the set of configuration information includes multiple subsets, from which the UE or node may select a subset for use based on predefined conditions.

[0101] The present disclosure provides an uplink and / or downlink transmission method for an AIoT system. This method can support simultaneous transmission by multiple users, thereby improving communication efficiency. When this method is used for contention-based uplink transmission, it can reduce the probability of access collision and / or reduce latency. The following description uses uplink transmission as an example.

[0102] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method executed by a UE (user equipment) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the method may include:

[0103] Step 401: Acquire configuration information and / or command information sent by a base station.

[0104] The configuration information and / or instruction information includes at least one of the following: information related to a digital baseband coding method, resource information for uplink transmission, power control information for uplink transmission, a paging address message, an instruction message, a data format for uplink information transmission, and destination information for uplink transmission. For ease of description, the configuration information and / or instruction information may also be referred to as first information in this document.

[0105] The information related to the digital baseband coding method may include modulation-related information, baseband coding-related information, etc. In addition, it may also include channel coding information, such as the coding rate of the channel coding. The modulation-related information includes modulation methods, such as OOK modulation, FSK modulation, ASK modulation, QPSK modulation, QAM modulation, etc. The digital baseband coding-related information includes at least one of the following: coding method, subcarrier modulation information, baseband waveform (symbol) information, chip length, and subcarrier frequency. The modulation-related information and channel coding information can be jointly indicated, such as by indicating a row in a predefined modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table. This can reduce bit overhead. Similarly, one or more of the modulation-related information, baseband coding-related information, and channel coding information are configured to the UE by indicating one of the predefined tables.

[0106] The encoding method can be line coding. These encoding methods all modify the signal voltage in some way to represent binary 0s and 1s. For example, in a wired channel consisting of twisted pair or coaxial cable, transmitted data is represented by electrical pulses; in a fiber optic channel, data values are represented by varying the intensity of light pulses. In some cases, the encoding method can also be a digital waveform representation of binary bits 0 and 1.

[0107] Information such as the coding scheme, subcarrier modulation, baseband waveform (symbol), chip length, and subcarrier frequency describe, in varying degrees, the conversion process of baseband encoding a digital signal. For example, the waveform representing a source bit 0 or 1 is called a symbol, and the process of mapping / converting the source bit sequence into a digital baseband signal is called pattern conversion, pattern coding, or digital baseband coding. For another example, subcarrier modulation, also known as subcarrier modulation, is a description of the waveform representing a bit 0 or 1. Subcarrier modulation is also part of pattern coding.

[0108] The resource information used for uplink transmission includes at least one of the following: time domain information (such as information indicating the location of time domain resources, such as time interval, time slot, symbol or code chip index, etc.), frequency domain information (such as carrier frequency, physical resource block (PRB) index, offset from the downlink signal, frequency domain offset from the received uplink carrier wave (CW), etc.).

[0109] The power control information for uplink transmission indicates to the UE the power-related information of the uplink transmission. For example, the power control information for uplink transmission is the target receive power of the base station. The power control information for uplink transmission is only applicable to UE types that can generate uplink signals, and no power control is performed for UEs that rely on backscattering. It can also be applicable to all UE types. For another example, the power control information for uplink transmission is whether to perform uplink transmission amplification. Some UE types (such as UEs that rely on backscattering, or UEs that autonomously generate uplink signals) can amplify the uplink signal before transmitting it in order to enhance uplink coverage. Then, this power control information for uplink transmission can use 1 bit to indicate whether the uplink signal needs to be amplified before transmission. In addition, 2 bits can be used to indicate more amplification levels. Indications with more than 1 bit are particularly suitable for UE types that autonomously generate uplink signals. In addition, the power control information for uplink transmission can also be a combination of the target receive power of the above-mentioned base station and information on whether to perform uplink transmission amplification, which is not limited in this document.

[0110] The paging message includes the identity information of one or more UEs (such as UE ID, UE group ID information, etc.). The command message includes instructions conveyed to the UE, or information indicating the next UE status, such as inventory (query), access (access), command (command), select (select), random access (random access), kill (kill), answer, arbitration, ready, confirmation, open, security, etc.

[0111] The data format used for uplink information transmission includes one of predefined data formats for uplink information transmission, such as a data format for random access and a data format for uplink information transmission.

[0112] The purpose information for uplink transmission includes uplink information in response to commands such as query, access, command, select, random access, kill, response, arbitration, ready, acknowledgement, open, and security. Furthermore, the purpose information for uplink transmission may further include at least one of the following: UE capabilities, UE data status information (e.g., the size of uplink data to be transmitted by the UE), and the UE current status (e.g., response, arbitration, ready, acknowledgement, open, and security). Among them, the UE capabilities include at least one of the following: whether an uplink carrier is required for backscattering uplink transmission; whether active uplink transmission is supported; whether uplink signal amplification and transmission is supported and / or the level and / or number of levels of uplink signal amplification is supported; whether downlink signal amplification and reception is supported and / or the level and / or number of levels of downlink signal amplification is supported; the channel coding and / or digital baseband coding method supported by the UE; the modulation method supported by the UE; whether the UE supports transmission frequency shift based on backscattering uplink transmission and / or the level of transmission frequency shift supported by the UE based on backscattering uplink transmission, etc.

[0113] Step 402: Determine a digital baseband coding mode according to the configuration information and / or a predefined method (or rule) and / or one or more predefined digital baseband coding modes.

[0114] Step 402 may include at least one of the following:

[0115] Determine a digital baseband coding mode included or indicated in the configuration information. For example, the configuration information may indicate one of one or more predefined digital baseband coding modes. In addition, the configuration information may also include one or more digital baseband coding modes. That is, in some embodiments, the UE may perform digital baseband coding on the uplink information based on the digital baseband coding mode included or indicated in the configuration information or the first information.

[0116] One or more digital baseband coding methods are predefined (or preconfigured), and the UE determines one of the one or more. In one example, the base station may configure or predefine multiple digital baseband coding methods in the protocol, and the UE selects one of the multiple digital baseband coding methods with a certain probability. In particular, one of the multiple digital baseband coding methods may be selected with equal probability. Or the digital baseband coding method may be selected according to the probability indicated in the configuration information. For example, a probability is configured for each of the multiple digital baseband coding methods. That is, in some embodiments, the UE may perform digital baseband coding on the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband coding methods. For example, the protocol may predefine a digital baseband coding method for digital baseband coding of uplink information. Alternatively, the protocol may predefine multiple digital baseband coding methods that can be used for uplink information. The UE may determine one of the methods for digital baseband coding of the uplink information according to predefined rules or according to the configuration or instruction of the base station.

[0117] A digital baseband coding mode is determined based on the UE's capabilities. For example, if the UE supports autonomous uplink signal transmission, digital baseband coding mode A is selected; if the UE supports backscatter uplink transmission, digital baseband coding mode B is selected. Furthermore, if the UE supports frequency shifting for backscatter uplink transmission, digital baseband coding mode B1 is selected; if the UE does not support frequency shifting for backscatter uplink transmission, digital baseband coding mode B0 is selected. UE capabilities and digital baseband coding modes can be predefined in the protocol or configured by the base station. For another example, if the UE has the capability to generate a carrier for uplink signal transmission, digital baseband coding mode C is selected; if the UE does not have this capability, digital baseband coding mode D is selected. Furthermore, a digital baseband coding mode can be selected based on downlink signal strength. For example, the base station configuration or the protocol predefines that a digital baseband coding mode is selected when the downlink signal strength is within a certain range or is above or below a threshold. In other words, the relationship between downlink signal strength and digital baseband coding mode is configured or predefined by the base station.

[0118] Preferably, the UE selects a codeword from a codeword set and performs digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the codeword. Using different subcarriers or subcarriers for digital baseband encoding can be called different digital baseband coding methods. For example, the transmission waveform of the modulated subcarrier for digital baseband encoding is a baseband waveform, or M times the baseband waveform, which is recorded as a different digital baseband coding method. The waveform representing the source bit 0 or the source bit 1 is called a codeword. Unused modulated subcarriers can use different waveforms (also called different subcarrier sequences or different codewords). The process of converting the source / information bit sequence to a digital baseband signal is called code type conversion or code type coding or digital baseband coding.

[0119] In addition, the UE may determine a digital baseband coding mode based on the content or purpose of the uplink information to be sent. Alternatively, the UE may determine a digital baseband coding mode based on the reception strength of the signal carrying the configuration information. Specifically, the same or different digital baseband coding modes may be configured or defined for different uplink information contents, different uplink information purposes, and different reception strengths of the signal carrying the configuration information. The UE may then determine a corresponding digital baseband coding mode based on the reception strength of the configuration information signal and the content or purpose of the uplink information to be sent.

[0120] That is, in some embodiments, the UE may perform digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on at least one of the UE's capabilities, the reception strength of the signal carrying the configuration information or the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent.

[0121] Step 403: Encode and send the uplink information according to the digital baseband encoding method. Step 403 includes at least one of the following:

[0122] The coded uplink information is reflected and transmitted on the received carrier wave; or the coded uplink information is autonomously generated and transmitted as an uplink signal at a specific frequency domain position, where the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or pre-defined in the protocol.

[0123] The uplink information includes one or more of the following: a preamble, UE identity information (ID, identify), user data, UE capability information, address information, user status information, information indicating the size of user data, etc.

[0124] The UE identity information may be a random number representing the UE ID, such as a 16-bit random number RN16. The UE identity information may be the user-specific ID information written into the register upon network access, or the temporary ID information assigned to the UE by the base station, such as the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).

[0125] The preamble can be used for uplink synchronization, channel estimation, and other functions. The preamble can also be used to detect user uplink transmissions, reduce inter-user conflicts, estimate uplink timing advance (TA), and identify user identities. For example, a UE can select a sequence from a set of sequences for transmission. The sequence set is configured by the base station, for example, via the configuration information and / or instruction information. The sequence can include different subcarrier sequences and / or different bit sequences. Different subcarrier sequences can concentrate spectrum energy at different locations, while different bit sequences can enable different sequences to be detected at different peak locations during correlation detection (e.g., time-domain correlation detection) at a receiver. Different subcarrier sequences and different bit sequences can be configured simultaneously, further providing greater orthogonality in the frequency and code domains, thereby supporting more users and / or reducing the probability of user conflicts. The UE can select a sequence from the set of sequences with a certain probability (e.g., randomly) for transmission. Selecting different sequences by different users can reduce the probability of conflicts. For example, the frequency domain responses of different sequences are primarily concentrated at different frequency domain locations. Therefore, the base station / reader can filter and distinguish different frequency domain positions, and enable different UEs to perform uplink transmission in a frequency division manner.

[0126] Among them, the UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: the UE can perform uplink transmission by backscattering, and the UE can autonomously generate uplink signals for transmission (also known as the UE autonomously generates uplink carriers). Among them, the UE that can transmit by backscattering can be further divided into: UEs that have the ability to shift the frequency point of uplink transmission in the frequency domain and UEs that do not have the ability to shift the frequency point of uplink transmission in the frequency domain. Furthermore, the UE capabilities also include the ability to shift the frequency point of uplink transmission in the frequency domain to different ranges. For example, some UEs can shift from a few kHz to tens of kHz, or some UEs can shift from a few MHz to tens of MHz, etc. The frequency range that can be shifted can be defined as different UE capabilities in the protocol. For example, frequency shift capability one is the ability to shift from a few kHz to tens of kHz; frequency shift capability two is the ability to shift from a few MHz to tens of MHz. The actual protocol can define other thresholds to define the UE frequency shifting (also known as spectrum shifting) capability.

[0127] The address information includes the destination address to which the uplink information is sent.

[0128] Among them, user status information includes: response, arbitration, ready, confirmation, open, security and other states.

[0129] Among them, the information indicating the size of user data can indicate the size of UE data (payload) by, for example, using a buffer state report (BSR). In the communication system, a mapping relationship between an indication and data size is predefined. The UE selects an indication based on the data in the current buffer. This indication is called a BSR or data volume (DV). The UE reports the amount of data currently in the memory to the base station by reporting the BSR or DV, thereby assisting the base station in allocating an uplink grant (UL grant) for uplink transmission to the UE. In one example, 1 bit is used to indicate whether the UE has data to transmit.

[0130] In addition, before or after performing step 403, the UE may also select time domain and / or frequency domain resources for sending uplink information. The UE may perform channel coding on the uplink information. The UE may also determine whether to send uplink information. The UE may modulate the uplink information after channel coding and / or digital baseband coding. For example, the UE may perform the following operations on the source information in sequence to generate the uplink information to be sent: a) channel coding; b) adding CRC; c) digital baseband coding; d) modulation. Among them, a) and b) are optional. The UE selects time domain and / or frequency domain resources for sending uplink information and sends the uplink information to be coded and / or modulated.

[0131] In one example, channel coding and / or CRC addition are performed on the uplink, while channel coding and / or CRC addition are not performed on the downlink channel. This can reduce the implementation complexity of the terminal and lower power consumption.

[0132] The UE selects time domain and / or frequency domain resources for sending uplink information and sends the uplink information to be encoded and / or modulated, which can be implemented by at least one of the following methods:

[0133] Method A: Select one time domain and / or frequency domain resource from at least one set of time domain and / or frequency domain resources indicated in the configuration information and / or instruction information, and transmit uplink information after channel coding and / or digital baseband coding on the selected time domain and / or frequency domain resource. This method can dynamically indicate the location of the time domain and / or frequency domain, providing greater flexibility.

[0134] Method B: Encode the uplink information according to the digital baseband coding method, determine the time domain and / or frequency domain resources for sending the uplink information, and send the encoded uplink information on the time domain and / or frequency domain resources. In particular, for digital baseband coding methods without subcarrier modulation, the transmission energy / spectrum is concentrated near the carrier. For digital baseband coding methods with subcarrier modulation, the transmission energy / spectrum is concentrated near the carrier plus an additional frequency domain offset. Therefore, after selecting a digital baseband coding method, the frequency domain resources for sending uplink information are implicitly selected. The UE can determine the frequency domain resources based on the subcarrier modulation waveform or subcarrier frequency. The base station can configure the UE by configuring the subcarrier frequency, subcarrier modulation information, etc. In another example, the base station configures the frequency domain resource information, and the base station can determine the digital baseband coding method based on the configured frequency domain resource information.

[0135] This approach saves configuration overhead.

[0136] In addition, the UE may also determine whether to encode and / or send the uplink information before encoding and sending the uplink information according to the digital baseband encoding method.

[0137] The determining whether to encode and / or send the uplink information includes:

[0138] 1) Determine whether to encode and / or send uplink information with a certain probability.

[0139] For example, the UE generates a random number (such as 0 to 2) according to the configuration of the base station. Q Where Q is the base station configuration), when this random number is a specific value (such as the random number is 0 or the random number is 2 Q or 2 Q -1 or any one or more specific values within the corresponding range), or when the random number is a specific value (such as the random number is 0 or the random number is 2 Q or 2 Q -1 or any one or more specific values within the corresponding range). This method can reduce the probability of collision. In addition, for uplink information that has not been sent, it can be determined with a higher (sending) probability whether to send it before the next uplink information can be sent. For example, a 0 to 2 Q-1A random number between . Preferably, the method can be used to determine whether to send in the current time domain resource (such as a time slot). If the base station configures multiple time domain resources (such as time slots) for the UE to send uplink information, the Q value of each time slot resource may be different. For example, the Q value of each time domain resource decreases in sequence. For example, the UE obtains n time domain resources for uplink information transmission, the first time domain resource is q, the second time domain resource is q-1, the third time domain resource is q-2, and so on, the Nth time domain resource is q-(N-1). This allows waiting UEs to have more access opportunities. For example, since the first time domain resource may be different for different UEs, the probability of each UE choosing to send on a time domain resource is different. For example, on resource M, UE1 may have waited for some time (such as the third time resource of UE1), while UE2 has not waited (the first time resource of UE2). Then UE1 generates a random number with q-2, and UE2 generates a random number with q. At this point, UE1 has a greater probability of sending uplink information on resource M. Similarly, different Q values can be configured for different frequency domain resources at the same time. The aforementioned time resources can be replaced with frequency domain resources, code domain resources, spatial domain resources, etc. Alternatively, a resource defined using one or more dimensions (domains) of the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, or code domain can be used. This approach can shorten the average waiting time of UEs and improve fairness.

[0140] 2) Determine whether to send uplink information based on the downlink signal strength.

[0141] When the downlink signal strength exceeds the threshold, uplink information is transmitted. This improves transmission reliability and prevents unnecessary interference from UEs with poor channel conditions on UEs with good channel conditions, thereby increasing UE access success rates. Furthermore, different thresholds can be configured or predefined for UEs with different capabilities. This ensures similar uplink transmission success rates for UEs with different capabilities.

[0142] In addition, if the UE determines that the current time slot will not be transmitted, the UE can further determine the time information related to the back-off. The UE generates a random number (such as 0 to 2) according to the configuration of the base station. Q (where Q is a base station configuration). When this random number reaches a specific value or is within a specific interval, it backs off by a certain number of time units (such as time slots, symbols, milliseconds, microseconds, etc.). The mapping relationship between the random number and the backoff time can be configured by the base station or pre-defined in the protocol. In addition, the UE can determine the backoff-related time information based on the configuration of the base station. For example, the base station indicates the backoff time of one or a group of UEs in the configuration or command information. This method allows the base station to control the UE's isoband time, which is more flexible.

[0143] In another example, the UE may first determine whether to transmit on a resource in a certain time domain. If it is determined that the resource will be transmitted on a resource in a certain time domain (such as a time slot within a period of time after a downlink signal), the uplink information is encoded and transmitted on the resource in the certain time domain. The resource in the certain time domain may be one or more of a certain period of time (session), a certain time slot, an indicated or defined period of time after a certain downlink channel or signal (such as a downlink channel or signal indicating synchronization, a downlink channel or signal indicating time resources, a downlink channel or signal indicating downlink information, a downlink signal or channel defining or indicating a session), etc.

[0144] For example, the UE first determines a time domain resource for transmission based on the base station configuration. Specifically, the base station configuration information indicates multiple time domain resources. The UE determines one of the multiple time domain resources for transmission based on predefined rules. For example, one of the resources is selected with equal probability. For another example, the base station configuration information may configure multiple time domain resources and multiple digital baseband coding modes. The UE selects one of the multiple time domain resources and multiple digital baseband coding modes with a certain probability (e.g., equal probability) from all or some combinations (e.g., predefined or configured combinations) of the multiple time domain resources and multiple digital baseband coding modes. Alternatively, the UE selects a time domain resource from the multiple time domain resources with a certain probability A (e.g., equal probability or unequal probability), and then selects a digital baseband coding mode from the multiple digital baseband coding modes with a certain probability B (e.g., equal probability or unequal probability). Alternatively, the UE selects a digital baseband coding mode from the multiple digital baseband coding modes with a certain probability B (e.g., equal probability or unequal probability), and then selects a time domain resource from the multiple time domain resources with a certain probability A (e.g., equal probability or unequal probability). The certain probability A and the certain probability B may be the same or different.

[0145] In addition, the base station configuration information may also include multiple sequences (e.g., multiple preamble sequences and / or multiple spreading sequences). The UE selects one of the multiple sequences for uplink transmission with a certain probability (e.g., equal probability or unequal probability). For example, the UE selects one of the multiple preamble sequences as the preamble sequence for uplink transmission. Furthermore, the UE selects one of the multiple spreading sequences and performs spreading on uplink data before transmitting the data.

[0146] More resources can be provided to users through time domain, code domain, and frequency domain (different digital baseband coding methods or different frequency domain resources (such as different uplink carrier CW methods)), reducing collisions and improving access success rate.

[0147] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a method executed by a UE (user equipment) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5As shown, the uplink information is channel coded, digitally baseband coded, modulated, and then sent on the uplink carrier. The channel coding may be or include one of the channel codings such as block code, convolutional code, Polar code, LDPC code, Turbo code, etc. The coding method may be predefined or configured by the base station. In addition, the base station may configure or adjust parameters such as the coding rate. For the AIoT system, due to the limited capabilities of the UE, channel coding may not be performed, or the coding rate may be reduced by simple repetition. In addition, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be added after channel coding. The CRC may also be added after the uplink information is digitally baseband coded. Whether to add the CRC after channel coding and / or digital baseband coding may be determined by the configuration of the base station or a predefined method. The uplink information is digitally baseband coded after channel coding, or the uplink information may be directly digitally baseband coded without channel coding. Channel coding can improve transmission robustness. The method of not performing channel coding can reduce UE complexity and power consumption.

[0148] After the digital baseband encoding, the signal can be modulated. For the UE in the AIoT system, due to the design goals of low complexity and low power consumption, the modulation method can be one or more of the following methods: On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation, Frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, Amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, Phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation, etc. Or the differential modulation method corresponding to the above modulation method, such as DFSK, DPSK. The modulation method is not limited to the above examples.

[0149] Further, if Figure 5As shown, the UE sends the modulated signal on the uplink carrier. There are two types of UEs (which can also be regarded as one of the UE capabilities). One way is that the UE needs to perform uplink transmission through backscattering. This method requires the outside world (such as a base station, or other nodes that can provide energy) to send CW to the UE, and the UE loads the uplink information on the CW for backscattering transmission. Some UEs that transmit through backscattering can shift the frequency of uplink transmission to a certain extent, such as shifting the uplink reflected signal to a frequency position that differs from the frequency of the CW by Δf. This Δf can be defined in the protocol or indicated / configured by the base station. Frequency shifting the backscatter transmission consumes a certain amount of energy, so the energy consumption is greater than backscattering without frequency shifting. For UEs that do not support frequency shifting of uplink reflected signals, they can only transmit at the frequency of the CW or near the frequency of the CW. This is because frequency shifting can be performed to a certain extent by changing the digital baseband subcarrier information.

[0150] Figure 6 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the frequency domain response of the backscatter uplink transmission and the carrier (CW) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 As shown in Figure 1, the spectrum of the unshifted uplink reflection is concentrated around the carrier frequency, while the spectrum after the frequency shift of Δf is a certain distance away from the carrier. The base station can filter out the frequency-shifted and unshifted uplink reflection signals through filtering and demodulate them separately.

[0151] Another way is that the UE can autonomously generate an uplink signal for transmission (also called UE autonomously generating an uplink carrier). In this way, the UE can generate an uplink carrier through an oscillator and / or other devices, modulate the modulated uplink signal on the uplink carrier and then transmit it. Here, the frequency domain position of the uplink carrier can be configured by the base station or pre-specified in the protocol. Among them, the absolute frequency domain configuration of the uplink carrier can be indicated or defined. Or the offset of the position of the carrier where the received downlink signal is located can be indicated or defined. Among them, the offset can be 0, which means that the uplink frequency domain carrier position is the same as the frequency domain position of the carrier where the received downlink signal is located. For example Figure 6 As shown, a UE that generates its own carrier can create a spectrum further away from reflected uplink transmission. This allows for simultaneous support of reflected uplink transmission and uplink transmission using the self-generated carrier within a given bandwidth. Furthermore, it can simultaneously support reflected uplink transmission with frequency shift, reflected uplink transmission without frequency shift, and uplink transmission using the self-generated carrier, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

[0152] After sending the uplink information (such as after step 403), the UE further receives a downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming the successful reception of the uplink information. Here, "carrying" can mean that the downlink signal directly includes the information for confirming the successful reception of the uplink information, or it can mean that the downlink signal indicates the information for confirming the successful reception of the uplink information through any specific signal. The information for confirming the successful reception of the uplink information includes at least one of the following: UE identity information; the preamble sequence in the uplink information; the time domain and / or frequency domain resources occupied by sending the uplink information, and the baseband coding related information used to send the uplink information.

[0153] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the downlink signal format according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Tail bits (e.g., a tail sequence as shown in the figure) may be added before and after the preamble sequence and / or data information to determine the start and / or end position of the channel. Typically, the tail bits may be specific bits, such as all-zero bits. Alternatively, a special symbol pattern sequence (or waveform) may be designed for the tail bits. For example, a waveform that does not conform to the digital baseband coding method, such as having a longer high level or a longer low level compared to the basic symbol. The preamble sequence may be a known sequence, or a sequence selected from a set of known sequences. The UE may use the detection of this preamble sequence for downlink timing. The UE may select a sequence from a set of known sequences based on the resources (time domain and / or frequency domain resources) and / or the digital baseband coding method selected for sending the uplink information. For example, the same subcarrier (also called subcarrier) as that used for sending the uplink information is selected to modulate and send the preamble sequence. For another example, the resources that can be used to send uplink information correspond to a set of known sequences, and a sequence may be selected based on the resources for sending the uplink information. Figure 7 The downlink signal format in the data also includes data information. The data information may include relevant information of the UE identity information, such as UE ID, UE group ID information, a random number randomly selected by the UE, a temporary ID assigned to the UE by the base station (such as RNTI), etc. The UE can determine whether it is a downlink signal sent in response to the uplink signal (such as ACK information as an uplink signal) by checking the UE identity information in the data information. In one example, the UE can jointly confirm its identity based on the data in the preamble sequence and the data in the data information. For example, the subcarrier information used in the preamble sequence and the UE identity information transmitted in the data information are correct before the downlink signal can be confirmed as a downlink signal sent in response to the uplink signal.

[0154] The downlink signal format can also be used to transmit uplink information. For uplink information carrying random access request messages, or uplink information corresponding to specific instructions, a certain guard interval is required at the end. This guard interval can be used to prevent inter-symbol interference between different users. This interference can be caused by propagation delays caused by different channel propagation distances.

[0155] The data information of the downlink signal may also carry instructions to the UE, such as information indicating the next UE state, such as inventory (query), access (access), command (command), selection (select), random access (Random access), kill (kill), response, arbitration, ready, confirmation, open, security, etc. Or instructions for the UE to perform a backoff, etc. When the UE receives a backoff instruction, or when the UE does not receive information for confirming its identity, or when the information received by the UE for confirming its identity is incorrect, the UE can retransmit. For example, new time domain, frequency domain, and code element resources can be determined to retransmit the encoded signal. For another example, a digital baseband coding method can be re-determined, and the uplink information can be re-encoded and transmitted. For another example, the uplink information (such as a random code such as RN16) can be re-determined and re-encoded on new resources for transmission (the same digital baseband coding method can be used, or the digital baseband coding method can be re-determined). In particular, the UE can retransmit only when one of the leading sequence or the data information is correct and / or when both are incorrect. After receiving the next downlink signal indicating uplink transmission, the UE needs to repeat the method of step 402 and / or step 403 to reselect the digital baseband coding method, and / or reselect the uplink transmission resource and retransmit. Alternatively, the UE can retransmit after a certain time has passed. The fallback time can be indicated in the downlink information, or the UE can calculate it according to a predefined rule. Alternatively, the UE can perform uplink transmission on the next resource that can perform uplink transmission indicated in the configuration information in step 401, or select an uplink transmission resource from the next group of resources that can perform uplink transmission indicated in the configuration information in step 401 for uplink transmission. Further, the UE can choose whether to perform uplink transmission on the next uplink resource or one of the next group of uplink resources with a certain probability. The certain probability can be obtained according to the configuration information and / or predefined rules.

[0156] In digital communication systems, the waveform representing a source bit 0 or 1 is called a symbol. The process of converting a source bit sequence into a digital baseband signal is called pattern conversion or pattern encoding. A symbol can be a rectangular wave or other waveform. For example, a rectangular wave can be distorted after passing through a low-pass filter before transmission.

[0157] Figure 8 The following is a schematic diagram of the Miller code symbols of different subcarrier sequences according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Miller code, also known as delayed modulation code, is a modified bi-phase code. Its encoding rule is: for the original symbol "1", the code symbol is represented by "no jump at the beginning and a jump at the center point". Figure 8 In the example, the Maitreya code for M=2 is represented by "0110" or "1001", and the Maitreya code for M=4 is represented by "01011010" or "10100101". When the information code is continuous with "1", the following "1" should be staggered. The original symbol "0" is encoded as a bipolar non-return-to-zero code. Figure 8 In the Maitreya code, M=2 is represented by "1010" or "0101", and M=4 is represented by "10101010" or "01010101", that is, there is no jump in the middle of the code element. When the information code is consecutive "0", the following "0" must be interleaved. Figure 8 In the example, the baseband waveform (symbol) or subcarrier sequence information of the Maitreya code with M=2, M=4 and M=8 is different. The tail sequence information of the special symbol mentioned above can be one of the symbols used in the encoding method. For example, it can be a special symbol such as 0111 or 1000. Such special symbols can be pre-defined in the protocol. Among them, 0 represents a low level and 1 represents a high level. In OOK modulation, 0 can represent no signal transmission and 1 represents signal transmission.

[0158] Figure 9 The digital baseband information of Manchester code without subcarrier sequence according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Manchester code, also known as split phase code, synchronization code, and phase coding, is a coding method that uses level jumps to represent 1 or 0. Its change rule is very simple, that is, each code element is represented by two level signals with different phases, that is, a periodic square wave, but the phases of code 0 and code 1 are exactly opposite. Figure 9 As shown, for the original symbol "1", the code element is represented by "10", and for the original symbol "0", the code element is represented by "01". Figure 9The original data "1010110010" in the code can be represented as "10 01 10 0110 1001 01 10 01". A code element with M = 4 can be further designed for the Manchester code. For example, for the original symbol "1", the code element is "01011010", and for the original symbol "0", the code element is "10100101". Similarly, for code elements with M = 8, the original symbol "1" is represented by "0101010110101010", and the original symbol "0" is represented by "1010101001010101". For code elements with M=16, the code element uses “0101010101010101101010101010101010” to represent the original symbol “1”, and the code element uses “1010101010101010010101010101010101” to represent the original symbol “0”.

[0159] The information related to the digital baseband coding method described in this disclosure includes: code element related information and / or modulation information. The code element related information includes at least one of the following:

[0160] Encoding

[0161] The encoding method can be line coding. These encoding methods all modify the signal voltage in some way to represent binary 0s and 1s. For example, in a wired channel consisting of twisted pair or coaxial cable, transmitted data is represented by electrical pulses; in a fiber optic channel, data values are represented by varying the intensity of light pulses. In some cases, the encoding method can also be a digital waveform representation of binary bits 0 and 1.

[0162] Line coding can be divided into unipolar encoding, polar encoding, bipolar encoding, Manchester encoding, differential Manchester encoding, etc. according to the voltage level used. There are two types of unipolar encoding: unipolar non-return-to-zero encoding (Unipolar NRZ) and unipolar RZ; there are two types of polar encoding: polar NRZ and polar non-return-to-zero encoding (Polar RZ); polar non-return-to-zero encoding is further divided into NRZL (NRZ-Level) and NRZI (NRZ-Invert). In addition, commonly used line coding methods also include: Miler coding, bi-phase spacing coding (also known as FM0 code), pulse interval encoding (PIE) code, etc. The line coding in the present invention is not limited to the above encoding methods. In addition, the encoding method in the present invention also includes other digital baseband encoding methods, such as block codes, convolutional codes and other forward error correction codes.

[0163] Subcarrier modulation, subcarrier modulation information, baseband waveform (symbol) information, or subcarrier sequence information

[0164] Subcarrier modulation information or subcarrier modulation information, baseband waveform (symbol) information or subcarrier sequence information can be Figure 8 "1010" or "0101" representing the "0" bit, or "0110" or "1001" representing the "1" bit, etc. The subcarrier modulation information or subcarrier sequence information can be indicated by the above-mentioned waveform / information bit, etc. Or it can be represented by the offset between the center frequency domain after subcarrier modulation and the uplink carrier frequency. It can also be expressed as a multiple of the code clock without subcarrier modulation. For example, 2 times, 4 times or 8 times the code clock without subcarrier modulation. Or, it can be expressed as a fraction of the code pulse width (Pause bandwdith) without subcarrier modulation. For example, it is a fractional multiple of the code pulse width without subcarrier modulation. For example, the subcarrier modulation information is 1 / 2, 1 / 4 or 1 / 8 of the code pulse width without subcarrier modulation.

[0165] Chip length

[0166] The chip length is the duration of a symbol. For example, 25 microseconds (μs). To better coexist with NR systems, the symbol length of AIOT can be the length of one OFDM symbol. For example, for an OFDM system with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, one OFDM symbol is approximately 66.67 μs, and for an OFDM system with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, the symbol length is approximately 33.33 μs. Alternatively, the symbol length of AIOT can be the length of one OFDM symbol plus the cyclic prefix (CP). For example, after adding the normal CP length, an OFDM symbol with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is approximately 71.35 μs, and an OFDM symbol with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is approximately 35.68 μs. To accommodate the length of a slot (e.g., 1 millisecond (ms) or 0.5 ms), the cyclic prefixes of different OFDM symbols in NR and LTE systems differ slightly. For example, the first and seventh OFDM symbols in a slot are slightly longer. In this case, if the length of an OFDM symbol without a CP is defined as one symbol, the CP can be added according to the same principles as for adding a CP to an OFDM symbol. If the length of an OFDM symbol including a CP is defined as one symbol, the waveform at the end of the symbol (0 or 1, low or high level) or the waveform at the beginning (0 or 1, low or high level) can be appropriately continued.

[0167] Subcarrier frequency

[0168] The subcarrier frequency response center frequency, signal bandwidth, sideband signal bandwidth, or half of the single-side signal bandwidth can be indicated explicitly or implicitly. For example, different subcarrier sequence information may have different center frequencies in the spectrum.

[0169] In the present disclosure, subcarrier modulation, subcarrier modulation information, baseband waveform (symbol) information or subcarrier sequence information, subcarrier frequency information can all represent a method of sub-digital baseband modulation. Figure 8 A subcarrier sequence in Figure 10 The center frequency, signal bandwidth, side signal bandwidth, and half of the single-side signal bandwidth of the spectrum of each subcarrier sequence can be defined as the subcarrier frequency.

[0170] Figure 10 FIG. 1 shows a spectrum diagram of a digital baseband coding method for different subcarrier sequences according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10As shown, the center of the spectrum of the subcarrier sequences with M=2 and M=8 deviates from the center frequency of the spectrum without subcarrier modulation. M=2 and M=8 are multiples of the symbol clock of the subcarrier-free modulation. The spectra of M=2 and M=8 also have some offset. The base station can filter signals using digital baseband coding methods with different subcarrier modulation, retain the frequency points where their spectrum is concentrated, and decode them separately. Therefore, more users can be supported for uplink transmission at the same time. Different users can further avoid conflicts by randomly selecting different symbols for access, thereby improving the access success rate. In addition, carefully selecting a coding method can make the spectrum of the carrier-free modulation deviate from DC, allowing the base station to filter out the influence of CW, thereby improving the decoding accuracy.

[0171] The frequency domain response of the digital baseband coding method described in this disclosure is mainly concentrated in different frequency domain positions, so that the base station / reader can filter and distinguish different frequency domain positions and implement uplink transmission in a frequency division manner for different users.

[0172] Determining a digital baseband encoding method based on the configuration information and / or instruction information may include at least one of the following methods:

[0173] Method 1: Determine the digital baseband encoding method indicated in the configuration information and / or instruction information. For example, the configuration information directly indicates the Maitreya code. Further, the subcarrier modulation information can be indicated as M=2. This method has low implementation complexity.

[0174] Method 2: pre-define one or more digital baseband coding modes, and the UE determines one of the one or more digital baseband coding modes.

[0175] In one example, the base station can configure or predefine multiple digital baseband coding schemes in a protocol, such as Manchester code with no subcarrier modulation, Manchester code M=2, Manchester code M=4, Manchester code M=8, and Manchester code M=16. The UE selects one of the Manchester codes for the different code elements with a certain probability (e.g., equal probability, or any other predefined or configured probability ratio). For example, UE1 selects Manchester code M=8. UE2 may randomly select Manchester code M=2. At this point, UE1 and UE2 can simultaneously transmit uplink information. The UEs can filter the frequency response locations corresponding to Manchester code with no subcarrier modulation, Manchester code M=2, Manchester code M=4, Manchester code M=8, and Manchester code M=16. The base station can detect that one UE is transmitting at a frequency domain location with Manchester code M=2, and another UE is transmitting at a frequency domain location with Manchester code M=16. If the channel conditions permit, the base station can successfully decode the information of UE1 and UE2 transmitted simultaneously.

[0176] Among them, the base station can configure or pre-define multiple digital baseband coding methods in the protocol, and the set can include code elements using the same or different coding methods, code elements using the same or different subcarrier modulation, and code elements using the same or different baseband waveforms.

[0177] Method three: Determine a digital baseband coding method based on UE capabilities. For example, if the UE supports autonomous transmission of uplink signals, a coding method without subcarrier modulation is selected. Frequency division of different users is achieved by indicating a carrier frequency position different from CW to the UE. For another example, for a UE that supports backscattered uplink transmission, a coding method with subcarrier modulation is selected. Furthermore, if the UE supports transmission frequency shift of backscattered uplink transmission, a coding method without subcarrier modulation is selected; if the UE does not support transmission frequency shift of backscattered uplink transmission, a coding method with subcarrier modulation is selected. UE capabilities and digital baseband coding methods can be pre-defined in the protocol or configured by the base station. In one example, a digital baseband coding method, such as a coding method without subcarrier modulation (such as Manchester code or Miler code), is configured or pre-determined for a UE that supports autonomous transmission of uplink signals and / or a UE that supports transmission frequency shift of backscattered uplink transmission. In addition, a central frequency point for uplink transmission is configured or pre-defined for a UE that supports autonomous transmission of uplink signals and / or a UE that supports transmission frequency shift of backscattered uplink transmission. For UEs that do not support the transmission frequency shift of backscatter uplink transmission, a digital baseband coding method or a set including multiple digital baseband coding methods is configured or predefined. For example, a set including Manchester code M=2, Manchester code M=4, Manchester code M=8, and Manchester code M=16. For UEs that do not support the transmission frequency shift of backscatter uplink transmission, one of the digital baseband coding methods in the set is selected with a certain probability (equal probability or predefined or configured probability with any other ratio) for uplink transmission. For UEs with specific capabilities, a digital baseband coding method is configured or predefined, and for UEs with another specific capability, a digital baseband coding method or a set including multiple digital baseband coding methods is configured or predefined, and the UE with the specific capability is allowed to select a digital baseband coding method in the set for uplink transmission.

[0178] Method 4: Select a digital baseband coding mode based on the content or purpose of the uplink information to be transmitted. Different digital baseband coding modes are used for uplink information sent in response to different commands and / or with different contents. For example, for uplink information sent for random access and / or inventory management, the digital baseband coding mode used for random access and / or inventory management is selected. For example, for messages sent in response to paging messages and / or commands, the digital baseband coding mode used for sending responses to paging messages and / or commands is selected. Specifically, for example, when sending uplink information for random access and / or inventory management, a baseband waveform is selected from multiple baseband waveforms in a symbol set with a certain probability for transmission. For example, a baseband waveform is selected from Miler 2, Miller 4, and Miler 8 for transmission. For messages sent in response to paging messages and / or commands, the digital baseband coding mode indicated in the configuration information and / or command information is selected for transmission. For example, the Miler 2 mode is indicated.

[0179] The above methods can be combined. For example, one method can be used to determine some or a group of digital baseband coding methods, and another method can be used to further determine one of the some or a group of digital baseband coding methods. Furthermore, the above methods can be used in different situations based on configuration or predefined rules.

[0180] In addition, the base station can configure at least one group of time domain and / or frequency domain resources to the UE. The UE can select a time domain and / or frequency domain resource from the configured at least one or more groups for uplink transmission. Especially for the transmission of contentious uplink information, such as random access or uplink information in response to inventory signaling. Multiple groups of time domain and / or frequency domain resources can reduce the probability of conflict. In particular, the base station can configure the at least one group of time domain and / or frequency domain resources in the downlink shared channel. Before the uplink information is sent, a command (such as an inventory or random access command) is further sent to one or more UEs to indicate one of the at least one group of time domain and / or frequency domain resources, or one of the at least one group of time domain and / or frequency domain resources.

[0181] The UE receives configuration information and / or instruction information, including time domain information and / or frequency domain information. In one example, the time domain information is an offset, and its reference point can be a predefined or configured reference time (such as SFN=0) or an edge of a specific downlink channel or signal (such as the end position of sending the configuration information).

[0182] The UE can retransmit (retransmit or repeat) already sent uplink information based on configuration or predefined rules. Specifically, based on instructions or configuration from the base station, the UE determines a new resource and retransmits the uplink information after re-encoding (using the same digital baseband coding method or a newly determined digital baseband coding method). In this way, the base station can combine uplink signals (uplink signals or channels carrying the same uplink information) received multiple times, thereby improving decoding performance. In another example, the UE can obtain multiple resources (such as time domain resources) for repeated transmission and use the same or different digital baseband coding methods for encoding on the multiple resources used for repeated transmission. The digital baseband coding method used each time can be determined based on predefined rules. For example, it can be predefined or specified that the same digital baseband coding method be used for each repeated transmission. For another example, the digital baseband coding method used for each repeated transmission can be predefined or configured. For example, repeated transmissions can be performed in the order of 4-Miler, 8-Miler, 4-Miler, 8-Miler, etc. In this way, different UEs can be configured or defined in different orders for repeated transmission, which can well balance the decoding performance and power consumption of multiple users and reduce interference.

[0183] The method for determining the digital baseband coding scheme described in this article is applicable to both contention-based and non-contention-based uplink transmissions. For non-contention-based uplink transmissions, the base station can still configure multiple digital baseband coding schemes, and the UE selects one of these schemes for uplink transmission. This reduces uplink interference between different base stations (randomizing the interference) and thus improves performance.

[0184] Figure 11 FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method executed by a base station side in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 As shown, the method may include:

[0185] Step 1101: Send configuration information and / or instruction information.

[0186] Among them, the configuration information and / or instruction information includes at least one of the following: information related to the digital baseband coding method, resource information for uplink transmission, power control information for uplink transmission, paging address message, instruction message, data format for uplink information transmission, purpose information for uplink transmission, etc.

[0187] Step 1102: Receive and decode uplink information for one or more digital baseband coding methods according to the configuration information and / or predefined methods (or rules).

[0188] The base station receives uplink signals based on all possible digital baseband coding schemes employed by the UE. Furthermore, the base station can filter and decode uplink signals transmitted at different frequency domain locations separately. For example, the base station can filter one or more frequency domain locations corresponding to a digital baseband-encoded subcarrier sequence and decode the uplink information for each of the one or more subcarrier frequencies.

[0189] Step 1103: Send downlink information, where the downlink information responds to the successfully decoded uplink information.

[0190] The downlink information includes UE identity information. The downlink information carries subcarrier sequence information including a digital baseband code. The subcarrier sequence information may be carried explicitly (directly specified) or implicitly (the time-frequency resource or code for receiving the random access response is related to the subcarrier frequency).

[0191] In one example, downlink information is sent to Figure 7 The format described in the previous section is used for sending. I will not go into details here.

[0192] It should be understood that, depending on the application scenario, the various exemplary aspects, methods, steps, processes, etc. shown in the above-mentioned drawings can be implemented in combination in any manner, including implementing them in a different order as shown in the drawings or deleting one or more steps, etc., and this document does not impose any restrictions.

[0193] Next, Figure 12 A flowchart of a method 1200 performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0194] like Figure 12 As shown, the method 1200 executed by the UE in the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include: in step S1201, receiving first information from the base station; in step S1202, performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method; and in step S1203, sending the encoded uplink information.

[0195] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

[0196] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of the following: information about a digital baseband coding method, resource information, power control information, a paging address message related to the UE, an instruction message for the UE, a data format, and purpose information.

[0197] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information, wherein the coding information includes at least one of the following: coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, and subcarrier frequency.

[0198] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method includes at least one of the following: digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband encoding method included in the first information; digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on at least one of the capabilities of the UE, the reception strength of the signal carrying the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband encoding methods.

[0199] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sending of the encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: sending the encoded uplink information on a received carrier; sending the encoded uplink information on a specific frequency domain, wherein the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or pre-defined.

[0200] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the uplink information includes one or more of the following: a preamble selected by the UE, identity information of the UE, user data of the UE, capability information of the UE, destination address information of the uplink information, status information of the UE, and information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

[0201] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method also includes: receiving a downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, wherein the information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

[0202] Figure 13 A flowchart of a method 1300 performed by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0203] like Figure 13As shown, the method 1300 executed by the base station in the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include: in step S1301, sending first information to the user equipment UE; and in step S1302, receiving the encoded uplink information, wherein the encoded uplink information is digitally baseband encoded based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method.

[0204] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

[0205] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first information includes at least one of the following: information about a digital baseband coding method, resource information, power control information, a paging address message related to the UE, an instruction message for the UE, a data format, and purpose information.

[0206] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information, wherein the coding information includes at least one of the following: coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, and subcarrier frequency.

[0207] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband coding method included in the first information; uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on at least one of the capability of the UE, the receiving strength of the signal carrying the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband coding methods.

[0208] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the received encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: receiving the encoded uplink information sent by the UE on the received carrier; receiving the encoded uplink information sent by the UE on a specific frequency domain, wherein the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or pre-defined.

[0209] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the uplink information includes one or more of the following: a preamble selected by the UE, identity information of the UE, user data of the UE, capability information of the UE, destination address information of the uplink information, status information of the UE, and information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

[0210] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: sending a downlink signal to the UE, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, wherein the information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

[0211] It should be understood that any other methods such as methods 1200 and 1300 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may also include one or more of the methods or steps described above in conjunction with any examples or figures, which will not be repeated here.

[0212] Next, Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a UE 1400 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0213] like Figure 14 As shown, a UE 1400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (for example, an ambient IoT device or a tag device as described above) may include a transceiver 1410 and a processor 1420. The transceiver 1410 may be configured to send and receive signals. The processor 1420 may be coupled to the transceiver 1410 and may be configured (for example, to control the transceiver 1410) to execute any method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this document, the processor may also be referred to as a controller.

[0214] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a base station 1500 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0215] like Figure 15 As shown, the base station 1500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a transceiver 1510 and a processor 1520. The transceiver 1510 may be configured to send and receive signals. The processor 1520 may be coupled to the transceiver 1510 and may be configured to (e.g., control the transceiver 1510) execute any method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this document, the processor may also be referred to as a controller. In this document, the base station may also be referred to as a node or node device.

[0216] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described illustrative embodiments are described herein and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that any two or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination. In addition, other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the various aspects of the present disclosure as generally described herein and shown in the accompanying drawings may be arranged, replaced, combined, separated, and designed in a variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.

[0217] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described herein can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in terms of their functional sets. Whether such functional sets are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Technicians can implement the described functional sets in different ways for each specific application, but such design decisions should not be interpreted as causing departure from the scope of this disclosure.

[0218] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in this disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0219] The steps of the method or algorithm described in this disclosure can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read and write information from / to the storage medium. In an alternative, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In an alternative, the processor and storage medium can reside in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0220] In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, the latter including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0221] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the present disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

[0222] Various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented as computer-readable codes embodied on a computer-readable recording medium from a specific perspective. A computer-readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data readable by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable recording media may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, carrier wave (e.g., data transmission via the Internet), and the like. Computer-readable recording media can be distributed by computer systems connected via a network, and therefore computer-readable codes can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. Moreover, the functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be easily interpreted by those skilled in the art in the field of applying the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] It will be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Software can be stored as program instructions or computer-readable code executable on a processor on a non-transient computer-readable medium. Examples of non-transient computer-readable recording media include magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, etc.) and optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROM, digital video disk (DVD), etc.). Non-transient computer-readable recording media can also be distributed on network-coupled computer systems so that computer-readable code is stored and executed in a distributed manner. The medium can be read by a computer, stored in a memory, and executed by a processor. Various embodiments can be implemented by a computer or a portable terminal including a controller and a memory, and the memory can be an example of a non-transient computer-readable recording medium suitable for storing (multiple) programs with instructions for implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented by a program having a code for specifically implementing the apparatus and method described in the claims, the program being stored in a machine (or computer) readable storage medium. The program can be electronically carried on any medium, such as a communication signal transmitted via a wired or wireless connection, and the present disclosure suitably includes its equivalents.

[0224] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure, and such changes or substitutions shall be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving first information from a base station; Performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method; as well as Send the encoded uplink information.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first information includes at least one of the following: Information about digital baseband coding mode, resource information, power control information, paging address information related to the UE, instruction message for the UE, data format, and purpose information.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information. The encoding information includes at least one of the following: Coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, subcarrier frequency.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method includes at least one of the following: Performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband encoding mode included in the first information; Performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on at least one of a capability of the UE, a reception strength of a signal carrying the first information, and content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; The uplink information is digitally baseband encoded based on one of the predefined digital baseband encoding modes.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sending of the encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: sending the encoded uplink information on the received carrier; The encoded uplink information is sent on a specific frequency domain, wherein the specific frequency domain is configured by the base station or is predefined.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The uplink information includes one or more of the following: The preamble selected by the UE, the identity information of the UE, the user data of the UE, the capability information of the UE, the destination address information of the uplink information, the status information of the UE, and the information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, The information used to confirm that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

9. A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, comprising: Sending first information to user equipment UE; as well as Receive the encoded uplink information, The encoded uplink information is obtained by performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the first information and / or a predefined digital baseband encoding method.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The digital baseband encoding includes: converting the bit sequence of the uplink information into a digital baseband signal.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first information includes at least one of the following: Information about digital baseband coding mode, resource information, power control information, paging address information related to the UE, instruction message for the UE, data format, and purpose information.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The information about the digital baseband coding method includes at least one of coding information and modulation information. The encoding information includes at least one of the following: Coding method, subcarrier modulation information, code element information, code chip length, subcarrier frequency.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein: The encoded uplink information includes at least one of the following: Uplink information obtained by performing digital baseband encoding on the uplink information based on the information about the digital baseband encoding mode included in the first information; Uplink information after digital baseband encoding of the uplink information based on at least one of the capability of the UE, the reception strength of the signal carrying the first information, and the content or purpose information of the uplink information to be sent; The uplink information is obtained by digitally baseband encoding the uplink information based on one of the predefined digital baseband encoding methods.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein The uplink information includes one or more of the following: The preamble selected by the UE, the identity information of the UE, the user data of the UE, the capability information of the UE, the destination address information of the uplink information, the status information of the UE, and the information indicating the size of the user data of the UE.

15. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: sending a downlink signal to the UE, wherein the downlink signal carries information for confirming that the uplink information is successfully received, The information used to confirm that the uplink information is successfully received includes at least one of the following: the identity information of the UE, the preamble in the uplink information, the time domain and / or frequency domain resources used to send the uplink information, and the code element information used to send the uplink information.

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