Techniques for beam management

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may predict, for each beam in a set of beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter. The UE may perform a respective encoding operation on at least a subset of the set of beams, wherein a number of bits of an encoded predictor sequence generated by performing the respective encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the predictor sequence. The UE may send a message including the bit of the encoded sequence of predictors to a network entity. The network entity may transmit a plurality of reference signals using the set of beams. The network entity may receive the message including the bit, and perform one or more decoding operations on a set of bits based on the uncertainty value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for beam management. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more network entities (e.g., base stations), each of which supports wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0003] Some communication devices (e.g., network entities and UEs) may be able to perform directional communications. For example, a communication device may include multiple antenna ports that can transmit communications directionally by selectively generating constructive interference so that the signal can be amplified in a specific direction. In some cases, a communication device that communicates directionally (e.g., using beamforming techniques) may perform beam management operations to select one or more beams for communication. For the purpose of beam selection, the communication device may determine (e.g., measure, calculate, predict) parameters for multiple beams and compare these parameters to determine a beam (e.g., a preferred beam). For example, the UE may utilize a mathematical model to predict the reference signal received power (RSRP) for multiple beams (e.g., multiple hypothetical beams, multiple beam candidates). The UE may then compare the predicted RSRPs to determine the beam to use for communicating with the network entity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for beam management. For example, the described techniques enable a communication device (e.g., user equipment (UE), network entity) to convey uncertainty information and information for beam parameters using variable bit width signaling, such that fewer bits are used to convey information with relatively low uncertainty values compared to information with relatively high uncertainty values, thereby improving the utilization of communication resources and the effectiveness of beam management operations. In such cases, the communication device can predict a sequence of values for one or more parameters (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)) and can perform a corresponding encoding operation on the predicted sequence of values. The corresponding encoding operation can output a certain number of bits based at least in part on an uncertainty value (e.g., a total uncertainty value, an overall uncertainty value) for the predicted sequence of values. The communication device can then send a message including bits (e.g., bits of the encoded predicted sequence of values) to another communication device. Thus, the communication device can select one or more beams (e.g., beam pairs) for communication based on the uncertainty value for the predicted sequence of values.

[0005] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: predicting, for each beam in a set of multiple beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter; performing, for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; and sending a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment terminal (UE) is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: predict, for each beam in a set of multiple beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter; perform, for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; and send a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: means for predicting, for each beam in a set of multiple beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter; means for performing, for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; and means for sending a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: predict, for each beam in a set of multiple beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter; perform, for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; and send a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0009] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a request from a network entity to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values based on a function of corresponding variance values of at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a request from a network entity to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values based on a variance value of the sequence of predicted values in the subset of the sequence of predicted values, the sequence of predicted values being selected from the subset of the sequence of predicted values based on corresponding signal powers associated with the subset of the sequence of predicted values.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a message to a network entity may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a message including bits of at least a subset of an encoded sequence of prediction values, where the bits correspond to a number of at least a subset of the sequences of prediction values having corresponding sorts that satisfy a threshold.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving, from a network entity, an indication of a configuration for determining uncertainty values for at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty values based on the configuration.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining an uncertainty value for at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values; and sending an indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value to a network entity.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model in a set of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving, from a network entity, an indication of a configuration for determining a number of bits based on an uncertainty value, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and corresponding numbers of bits.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving an indication of a configuration may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a channel state information report configuration including the indication from a network entity, activating a medium access control control element including a channel state information report including the indication, or activating downlink control information including a channel state information report including the indication, wherein the channel state information report includes bits of an encoded prediction value sequence.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication of a number of bits of at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication of a number of bits corresponding to a mathematical model in a set of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a channel state information report to a network entity comprising a first part and a second part, the first part comprising an indication of a number of bits and the second part comprising bits of at least a subset of the encoded prediction value sequence.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the at least one parameter includes one or more reference signal received powers, one or more signal to interference plus noise ratios, or both.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a message to a network entity may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a channel state information report or a medium access control control element to the network entity, wherein the channel state information report or the medium access control control element includes bits of an encoded prediction value sequence.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each beam in the set of multiple beams corresponds to a respective beam pair in the set of multiple beam pairs for communication between the UE and a network entity.

[0023] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams; receiving a message from a UE comprising a set of bits based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second set of the multiple beams; and performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0024] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams; receive a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second set of multiple beams; and perform one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0025] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: means for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams; means for receiving a message including a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second set of multiple beams; and means for performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams; receive a message from a UE comprising a set of bits based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second set of the multiple beams; and perform one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0027] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication to a UE of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value for a sequence of predicted values.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, performing one or more decoding operations may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing one or more decoding operations based on a configuration for determining an uncertainty value based on a total number of bits in a set of bits.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values based on a total number of bits in a set of bits.

[0030] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values may be based on an average of a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of predicted values.

[0031] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values may be based on a maximum uncertainty value in a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of predicted values.

[0032] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values may be based on a comparison of corresponding values of at least one parameter, each corresponding value corresponding to a corresponding sequence of values.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a message from a UE may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a message including bits, where the bits correspond to a number of predicted value sequences having corresponding orderings that satisfy a threshold.

[0034] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, an indication of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model in a set of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication to a UE of a configuration for determining a total number of bits based on an uncertainty value, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and a corresponding total number of bits.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending an indication of a configuration may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a channel state information report configuration including an indication to a UE, activating a medium access control control element including a channel state information report including an indication, or activating downlink control information including a channel state information report including an indication, wherein the channel state information report includes a set of bits.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each beam in a first set of multiple beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in a first set of multiple beam pairs for communication between a network entity and a UE, and each beam in a second set of multiple beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in a second set of multiple beam pairs for communication between the network entity and the UE. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Illustrated is an example of a block diagram supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 4 An example of a process flow supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 5 and Figure 6 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating a communications manager supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 8 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0047] Figure 11 A block diagram illustrating a communications manager supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0048] Figure 12 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0049] Figures 13 to 16A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Some wireless communication systems may support technologies for directional communication using one or more beams. In such wireless communication systems, communication devices may perform beam management operations, which may include operations to select a beam (e.g., a beam pair) for communication (e.g., a preferred beam, an optimal beam) based on one or more parameters. For example, a network entity may send multiple reference signals to a user equipment (UE) using different beams (e.g., the network entity may perform a beam scanning process). The UE may then measure the reference signals and determine one or more parameters for each reference signal (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)). The UE may utilize one or more parameters (e.g., compare one or more parameters) to determine one or more beams for communication (e.g., one or more beams having an RSRP that satisfies a threshold). In some cases, the communication device may perform predictive beam management operations to predict one or more parameters based on measured reference signal parameters, which may save communication resources (e.g., predicted values for one or more parameters may be used to accelerate beam refinement). In order to predict one or more parameters, the UE may utilize a mathematical model, such as a machine learning algorithm. However, some communications devices may not consider the uncertainty associated with predictive beam management operations when selecting beams (e.g., preferred beam pairs), which may limit the ability of communications devices to effectively select beams. For example, communications devices may not consider uncertainty during beam management operations. Furthermore, UEs may report large payload sizes (e.g., a large number of bits) for beam reports (e.g., communication parameters for beam management) regardless of the complexity of conveying the predicted parameter values (e.g., regardless of whether the prediction uncertainty is high or low).

[0051] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a UE can use variable bit width signaling to convey uncertainty information and predicted beam parameters, so that fewer bits are used to convey information with relatively low uncertainty values compared to information with relatively high uncertainty values, thereby improving the utilization of communication resources and the effectiveness of predictive beam management operations. In such cases, the UE can predict a sequence of values for one or more parameters (e.g., layer 1 RSRP, layer 1 SINR) and can perform a corresponding encoding operation on the predicted value sequence. The corresponding encoding operation can output a certain number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value (e.g., total uncertainty value, overall uncertainty value) for the predicted value sequence. The UE can then send a message including bits (e.g., bits of the encoded predicted value sequence) to a network entity. Therefore, the UE and the network entity can select one or more beams (e.g., beam pairs) for communication based on the uncertainty value for the predicted value sequence.

[0052] Aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described by and with reference to block diagrams, process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts related to techniques for beam management.

[0053] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0054] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entities 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0055] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices that take different forms or have different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 105 or other UEs 115 or network entities 105 as shown.

[0056] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0057] In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130, with each other, or both. For example, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 can be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0058] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home evolved Node B, or other suitable terminology). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in a converged (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as the base station 140).

[0059] In some examples, the network entity 105 can be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 can include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, smart radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0060] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack can be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 can support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between the CU 160 and the DU 165 or between the DU 165 and the RU 170 can be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 can be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. The CU 160 can be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 can be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented according to interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 communicating via these communication links.

[0061] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources used for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by the DU 165 of the coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0062] Where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0063] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0064] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0065] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between those devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0066] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to the resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0067] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0068] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to the front of each symbol period). In the wireless communication system 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0069] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a Transmit Time Interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0070] Physical channels may be multiplexed according to various techniques for communicating using a carrier. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques for signaling via a downlink carrier. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0071] In some examples, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) can be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0072] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functionality. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functionality may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0073] In some examples, a UE 115 can be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group performing D2D communication can be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which can support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group can be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105 or can otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0074] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transmitted through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP services 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands that can range from 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which can be referred to as clusters), but these waves can penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to a UE 115 located indoors. Communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than communication using the smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0076] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using the unlicensed bands can be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations using the unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0077] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographic locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panels may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0078] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals communicated via antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0079] The network entity 105 or the UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmit directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as the network entity 105) or by a receiving device (such as the UE 115)) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0080] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device (e.g., receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115)). In some examples, a beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted along different directions by network entity 105 and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0081] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combination codebook, a port-selective codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), UE 115 may use similar techniques to send signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or to send signals along a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0082] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets), or processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0083] In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or more beam management techniques. For example, the UE 115 may be in an RRC idle state (e.g., RRC_IDLE) or an RRC inactive state (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE) and may transmit or receive one or more tracking reference signals (TRS) prior to initial access. As part of the initial access, one or more devices (e.g., one or both of the UE 115 and the network entity 105) may perform synchronization signal block (SSB) beam scanning (e.g., wide beam scanning). In some aspects, the initial access may involve a contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure or a contention-free random access (CFRA) procedure associated with the transmission or reception of a random access preamble via a random access channel (RACH) opportunity (RO) or the transmission or reception of an SSB.

[0084] When a beam pair is established between two devices (e.g., between UE 115 and network entity 105), each device may perform beam management in an RRC connected state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED). In some aspects, such beam management may include transmitting or receiving one or more SSBs, one or more CSI reference signals (CSI-RS), or one or more sounding reference signals (SRS), layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) reporting, and transmitting a configuration indicator (TCI) state configuration or indication. In some aspects, beam management (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS associated beam management) may be associated with a set of procedures P1, P2, and P3 designed for beam management when the devices are in a connected state. P1 may be associated with beam selection (e.g., the network entity 105 may scan beams, and the UE 115 may select one of the beams and report the selected beam to the network entity 105); P2 may be associated with beam refinement for the transmitter (e.g., the network entity 105 may refine the beam by scanning a narrower beam across a narrower range, and the UE 115 may select a narrower one of the narrower beams and report the selected narrower beam to the network entity 105); and P3 may be associated with beam refinement for the receiver (e.g., the network entity 105 may fix the beam (e.g., use the beam to repeatedly transmit), and the UE 115 may refine its receive beam). In some aspects, beam management (e.g., SRS-associated beam management) may be associated with a set of different uplink beam management processes U1, U2, and U3, each of which may be associated with beam scanning.

[0085] Additionally or alternatively, beam management may include L1 signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) reporting and overhead and latency reduction. In some aspects, overhead and latency reduction may be associated with or otherwise relate to one or more component carrier (CC) group beam updates and lower latency uplink beam updates. Furthermore, in some aspects, beam management may involve beam measurements or reporting, or both, associated with unified TCI state and L1 or layer 2 (L2) center mobility. For example, the beam management process may include dynamic TCI state updates, uplink multi-panel selection, maximum permissible exposure (MPE) mitigation, or other techniques to facilitate further beam management latency reduction. Furthermore, some beam management processes may include processes associated with high speed train (HST) deployment, single frequency network (SFN) deployment, or multiple TRP deployment, or any combination thereof.

[0086] In some aspects, a device may measure, identify, or otherwise experience beam failure detection (BFD) based on measurements associated with beam management, and may perform one or more beam failure recovery procedures. BFD and beam failure recovery (BFR) may be performed for a primary cell (PCell), a primary secondary cell (PSCell), or a secondary cell (SCell). In addition, BFD and BFR may involve sending or receiving one or more BFD reference signals (BFD-RS), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) block error rate (BLER) measurements, link recovery requests via scheduling requests (SRs), or BFR based on MAC control elements (MAC-CEs) for SCells, or any combination thereof. In some cases, such as when a device cannot recover a failed beam pair link, the device may declare a radio link failure (RLF) and attempt to reestablish a connection via one or more initial establishment procedures.

[0087] Various devices of the wireless communication system 100 may support one or more AI or ML models associated with air interface prediction (e.g., prediction associated with wireless communication). In some deployments, for example, the devices may utilize or use AI or ML models for CSI feedback enhancement (e.g., for achieving overhead reduction and more accurate prediction), beam management (e.g., beam prediction in the time or spatial domain for overhead and latency reduction and for higher beam selection accuracy), or positioning accuracy enhancement for different scenarios (e.g., scenarios associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions).

[0088] In some cases, devices may utilize or use AI or ML models for specific use cases, such that the AI or ML model approach is sufficiently diverse to support constraints on various levels of collaboration between the UE 115 and the network entity 105. In addition, various devices may support one or both of the AI or ML models or descriptions to identify common and specific characteristics for framework investigation or decision making. For example, a device may support models and descriptions for characterizing lifecycle management of an AI or ML model, such as aspects related to model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, or model updates.

[0089] In some deployments, the UE 115 or the network entity 105 may use AI-based predictive beam management or ML-based predictive beam management (e.g., for Uu beam management). For example, other beam management techniques may involve identifying beam quality or failure via measurement, which may be associated with greater power or overhead to achieve suitable performance. In addition, due to constraints on power or overhead, measurement-based beam management may be associated with limited accuracy, and latency and throughput may be adversely affected by beam recovery efforts. On the other hand, predictive beam management may be associated with reduced power or overhead, higher accuracy, lower latency, or higher throughput. For example, a predictive beam management process may enable a device to predict unmeasured beam quality (which may be associated with lower power consumption, lower overhead, or greater beam selection accuracy) and predict future beam obstruction or failure (which may be associated with lower latency and greater throughput). Such predictive beam management may involve predictions in the spatial domain, time domain, frequency domain, or any combination thereof.

[0090] Some devices may specifically employ AI or ML to compensate for or address the problem that beam prediction may be highly nonlinear in some deployments. For example, predicting future transmit beam quality may depend on the speed or trajectory of UE 115, one or more receive beams to be used, or interference, among other examples, which may be difficult to model via some statistical signaling processing methods (e.g., statistical processing methods based on non-AI or ML). In some deployments, there may be a trade-off between performance and UE power consumption based on whether beam prediction is performed at UE 115 or at network entity 105. For example, to predict future downlink transmit beam quality, UE 115 may have more observations (e.g., via measurements) than network entity 105 (e.g., via UE feedback messages), such that beam prediction at UE 115 may outperform beam prediction at network entity 105 (at the expense of consuming more UE power for prediction or inference processing tasks). Furthermore, model training may be performed at either UE 115 or network entity 105, and the decision between training locations may be associated with effort on data collection versus effort on UE computation. For example, data may be collected via an air interface or via application layer approaches if training is performed by network entity 105. If training is performed by UE 115, UE 115 may perform additional UE computation or buffering tasks for model training and associated data storage.

[0091] In some cases, a time series of L1 RSRP may be input to a machine learning model. The time series may include L1 RSRP reported by UE 115 (e.g., for prediction at network entity 105). In some other cases, the time series may include L1 RSRP measured by UE 115 (e.g., for prediction at UE 115). The time series may include RSRP measured or reported at different time instances. In some cases, RSRP may correspond to different CSIRS or SSB resource identifiers. The machine learning model may output a set of targets (e.g., target 1, target 2, and target 3). Target 1 may correspond to (e.g., may be used for) predicted L1 RSRP. Target 2 may correspond to (e.g., may be used for) predicted candidate beams. Target 3 may correspond to (e.g., may be used for) predicted beam failure or obstruction. In some cases, the machine learning model may provide one or more benefits, such as reduced power consumption, reduced reference signaling, reduced overhead, reduced latency, and increased throughput.

[0092] AI-based spatial or time domain beam prediction or selection or ML-based spatial or time domain beam prediction or selection (e.g., for downlink) may involve one or more of the various processes. For example, AI-based spatial or time domain beam prediction or selection or ML-based spatial or time domain beam prediction or selection may be used for initial access, secondary cell group (SCG) setup, service beam refinement, link quality and interference adaptation (e.g., for one or more parameters such as channel quality indicator (CQI) or precoding matrix indicator (PMI)), beam failure or occlusion prediction, or RLF prediction. In some aspects, a specific selection or prediction scheme may be used for each of such various processes. For example, codebook-based spatial domain selection may be used for initial access, SCG setup, service beam refinement, or link quality and interference adaptation. Non-codebook-based spatial domain prediction may be used for service beam refinement and link quality and interference adaptation. Additionally or alternatively, joint spatial and temporal domain beam prediction may be used for serving beam refinement, link quality and interference adaptation, beam failure or obstruction prediction, or RLF failure prediction.

[0093] Codebook-based spatial selection may be associated with inputs of a first set of beams (e.g., measurements of the first set of beams) and predicted outputs (e.g., outputs of an AI or ML model) of a second set of beams (e.g., a predicted set of beams). For interference at the network entity 105, the inputs may be associated with or include UE feedback and assistance information (e.g., history or location information). For inference at the UE 115, the inputs may be associated with or include UE measurements and assistance information (e.g., location information). The UE 115 may report or measure such measurement information using spatial or time domain compressed beam measurements. Codebook-based spatial selection may be associated with fewer beam measurements, which may result in reduced power at the measuring device (e.g., UE 115).

[0094] Non-codebook-based spatial prediction may be associated with inputs of a channel set or beam set (e.g., measurements associated with the channel set or beam set) and outputs of a point direction, angle of departure (AoD), or angle of arrival (AoA). For inference at the network entity 105, the inputs may be associated with or include UE feedback and assistance information (e.g., history or location information). For inference at the UE 115, the inputs may be associated with or include UE measurements and assistance information (e.g., location information). Such reporting or measurement of such measurement information at the UE 115 may be facilitated via raw channel extraction. Non-codebook-based spatial prediction may be associated with higher beam management accuracy without requiring excessive beam scanning.

[0095] From the spatial domain to the spatial domain plus the time domain, the joint spatial and time domain beam prediction may be associated with time series inputs and outputs associated with both codebook-based spatial and time domain beam prediction and non-codebook-based spatial and time domain point direction, AoD, or AoA prediction. The time series input may include a UE report or measurement at a first time or measurement opportunity (e.g., measurement opportunity #0) to a UE report or measurement at an Nth time or measurement opportunity (e.g., measurement opportunity #N). Based on the joint spatial and time domain beam prediction, the time series input may be input to a first AI or ML model to obtain a first output of codebook-based spatial and time domain beam prediction, and may be input to a second AI or ML model to obtain a second output of non-codebook-based spatial and time domain point direction, AoD, or AoA prediction.

[0096] The prediction performance or cost may depend on whether the prediction is performed by the UE 115 or the network entity 105. If the prediction is performed at the network entity 105, the network entity 105 may use relatively more powerful computing power (e.g., compared to the UE 115), access to the distribution of L1 reports in terms of history and location, access to feedback or locations of other UEs 115, and knowledge of the transmit beam shape and pointing direction to assist in beam prediction. In some deployments, the prediction performance at the network entity 105 may be balanced with other factors, such as only the strongest beam or beams may be reported by the UE 115, it may be difficult to know the receive beam used to derive L1 or CSI feedback, (all) UE feedback is quantized (and may potentially be omitted), and it may be difficult to know the orientation or rotation state of the UE 115. If beam prediction is performed at the UE 115, the UE 115 may use access to instantaneous and filtered measurements of a set of (e.g., all) beams, access to the receive beams used to derive the measurements, raw or unquantized (all) measurements, and (at least partially) knowledge of or the ability to predict its own orientation and rotation to assist in beam prediction. In some deployments, the prediction performance at the UE 115 may be balanced with other factors, such as the UE 115 may have relatively limited computational power, relatively limited knowledge of the historical distribution of L1 reports in the cell, limited access to L1 or CSI feedback from other UEs 115, or relatively limited indication or awareness of the transmit beam shape or pointing direction.

[0097] The UE 115 may receive control signaling from the network entity 105 that instructs, configures, activates, or triggers CSI reporting from the UE 115. For example, the UE 115 may be configured to send one or more synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) resource indicators (SSBRI) or CSI-RS resource indicators (CRI) and L1-reference signal received power (RSRP) or L1-signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) reports via one or more CSI reports. In some deployments, the UE 115 may receive (e.g., may be configured with) ReportQuantity=ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR, cri-RSRP, or cri-SINR for joint SSBRI / CRI and L1-RSRP / L1-SINR beam reporting. UE 115 may report (eg, send) nrofReportedRS parameters (which may be RRC configured and may be up to 2 or 4 depending on UE capabilities), which may be different for the SSBRI or CRI of each CSI-ReportConfig.

[0098] For L1-RSRP reporting, for the strongest SSBRI / CRI, 7 bits may be used to report RSRP in the range of [-140, -44] dBm with 1 dBm steps. For the remaining SSBRI / CRI, 4 bits may be used to report differential RSRP (e.g., the maximum RSRP reported in absolute or integral values via 7 bits) in the range of [0, -30] dB with 2 dB steps and reference to the L1-RSRP of the strongest SSBRI / CRI. For the L1-RSRP of the strongest SSBRI / CRI, taking into account 2 7 = 128 but 140 - 44 + 1 = 97, there may be one or more invalid code points. In some systems, the mapping between the reported 7-bit code points and 4-bit code points and the actual measured RSRP values may be defined by a specification (such as a network specification).

[0099] Similarly, for L1-SINR reporting, for the strongest SSBRI / CRI, 7 bits may be used to report SINR in a range of [-23, 40] dB with a 0.5 dB step size. For the remaining SSBRI / CRI, 4 bits may be used to report differential SINR (e.g., the maximum SINR reported in absolute or complete value via 7 bits) in a range of [0, -15] dB with a 1 dB step size and referenced to the L1-SINR of the strongest SSBRI / CRI. For the strongest and remaining SSBRI / CRI, there may be no invalid code points, but SINR_0 may represent an SINR less than or equal to -23 dB for the strongest SSBRI / CRI, and DIFFSINR_15 may represent a ΔSINR less than or equal to -15 dB. In some systems, the mapping between the reported 7-bit code points and 4-bit code points and the actual measured SINR values may be defined by specifications (such as network specifications).

[0100] In some deployments, for AI-based beam management or ML-based beam management, devices of the wireless communication system 100 may support one or more beam management cases for characterization and benchmark performance evaluation. A first beam management case, or BM-Case 1, may be associated with spatial downlink beam prediction for a set of beams A based on measurements of a set of beams B. A second beam management case, or BM-Case 2, may be associated with temporal downlink beam prediction for a set of beams A based on historical (e.g., previous) measurements of a set of beams B.

[0101] The beams of set A and set B may be in the same frequency range or in different frequency ranges. In some aspects, set B may be a subset of set A, wherein the number of beams in set A and set B may vary. In some other aspects, set A and set B may be different. For example, set A may include a set of relatively narrow beams and set B may include a set of relatively wide beams. In such aspects, the number of beams in set A and set B may vary, and a defined quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship may exist between the beams in set A and the beams in set B. Furthermore, various types or implementations of codebook constructions for set A and set B may be used without exceeding the scope of the present disclosure. In the context of such a set A of beams and a set B of beams, set A may be used for downlink beam prediction, and set B may be used for downlink beam measurement.

[0102] The wireless communication system 100 may support techniques for directional communication using one or more beams. Accordingly, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may perform beam management operations that may include operations to select a beam (e.g., a beam pair) for communication (e.g., a preferred beam, an optimal beam) based on one or more parameters. For example, the network entity 105 may send multiple reference signals to the UE 115 using different beams (e.g., the network entity 105 may perform a beam scanning process). The UE 115 may then measure the reference signals and determine one or more parameters (e.g., RSRP, SINR) for each reference signal. The UE 115 may utilize the one or more parameters (e.g., compare the one or more parameters) to determine one or more beams to use for communication (e.g., one or more beams having an RSRP that satisfies a threshold).

[0103] In some cases, a communication device (e.g., UE 115 and network entity 105) may perform predictive beam management operations to predict one or more parameters instead of measuring reference signal parameters, which may save communication resources (e.g., in such cases, a reference signal may not be sent). To predict the one or more parameters, the communication device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) may utilize a mathematical model, such as a machine learning algorithm. However, some communication devices may not consider the uncertainty associated with predictive beam management operations when selecting a beam (e.g., a preferred beam pair), which may limit the ability of the communication device to effectively select a beam. For example, the communication device may not consider the uncertainty during the beam management operation. In addition, the UE 115 may report a large payload size (e.g., a large number of bits) for beam reports (e.g., communication parameters for beam management) regardless of the complexity of conveying the predicted parameter values (e.g., regardless of whether the prediction uncertainty is high or low).

[0104] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a communication device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) can use variable bit width signaling to convey uncertainty information and information for predicted beam parameters, so that fewer bits are used to convey information with relatively low uncertainty values compared to information with relatively high uncertainty values, thereby improving the utilization of communication resources and the effectiveness of predictive beam management operations. In such cases, UE 115 can predict a sequence of values for one or more parameters (e.g., layer 1 RSRP, layer 1 SINR) and can perform a corresponding encoding operation on the predicted sequence of values. The corresponding encoding operation can output a certain number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value (e.g., total uncertainty value, overall uncertainty value) for the predicted sequence of values. UE 115 can then send a message including bits (e.g., bits of the encoded predicted sequence of values) to network entity 105. Therefore, UE 115 and network entity 105 can select one or more beams (e.g., beam pairs) for communication based on the uncertainty value for the predicted sequence of values.

[0105] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 may include or otherwise implement one or more aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a, which may be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1 Examples of UE 115 and network entity 105 are described.

[0106] As described herein, UE 115-a and network entity 105-a may communicate (e.g., directionally) using one or more beams 215. For example, network entity 105-b may use beam 215-a, beam 215-b, or beam 215-c to send downlink communications to UE 115-a or receive uplink communications from UE 115-a. UE 115-a may use beam 215-d, beam 215-e, or beam 215-f to receive downlink communications from network entity 105-a or send uplink communications to network entity 105-a. In some cases, UE 115-a and network entity 105-a may select a beam pair for communication, which may include beam 215 used by UE 115-a and beam 215 used by network entity 105-a. For example, beam 215-a and beam 215-d may be illustrative examples of a beam pair.

[0107] The UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may perform one or more beam management operations to select one or more beams 215 for communication. For example, the network entity 105-a may perform a beam scanning operation, which may enable the UE 115-a to measure one or more parameters for each beam 215 included in the beam scanning operation. As part of the beam scanning operation, the network entity 105-a may use multiple beams 215 to send multiple signals (e.g., reference signals). For example, the network entity 105-a may use beam 215-a to send a first reference signal, use beam 215-b to send a second reference signal, and use beam 215-c to send a third reference signal. The network entity 105-b may send each reference signal simultaneously or at different times. Although the reference signals may be transmitted simultaneously, the reference signals may be transmitted simultaneously. Figure 2 The illustrative example of the beam scanning operation described includes beam 215 - a , beam 215 - b , and beam 215 - c , but the network entity 105 - a may use any number of beams 215 to transmit any number of reference signals.

[0108] UE 115-a may receive one or more signals (e.g., reference signals) from network entity 105-a (e.g., reference signals sent by network entity 105-a as part of a beam scanning operation). UE 115-a may measure one or more parameters for each reference signal. For example, the one or more parameters may include RSRP, SINR, or any other parameter. The one or more parameters may indicate the quality or power of the signal, which may (e.g., implicitly) indicate the quality or power for beam 215. For example, network entity 105-a may use beam 215-a to send a first reference signal and use beam 215-b to send a second reference signal. UE 115-a may determine that a first RSRP for the first reference signal is greater than a second RSRP for the second reference signal. Therefore, UE 115-a may determine that beam 215-a should be used for communication as a replacement for beam 215-b. The UE 115 - a may send an indication to the network entity 105 - a requesting the network entity 105 - a to communicate with the UE 115 - a using the beam 215 - a.

[0109] In some cases, the communication device may perform one or more operations to predict parameters for beam 215 (e.g., values of parameters, sequences of predicted values). For example, UE 115-a may perform one or more mathematical calculations (e.g., execute or otherwise perform a mathematical algorithm) to predict the RSRP for beam 215 (e.g., candidate beams for future communications, hypothetical beams for future communications). In some cases, a device or system other than UE 115-a or network entity 105-a may perform one or more operations to predict parameters for beam 215. For example, a cloud-based computing system or other decentralized device may perform one or more operations to predict parameters. In such cases, the communication device (e.g., UE 115-a, network entity 105-a) may initiate one or more operations to predict the parameters. For example, UE 115-a may send an indication (e.g., a message) to a cloud-based system, which may perform one or more operations to predict the parameters based on receiving the indication from UE 115-a.

[0110] In some cases, beam management (e.g., predictive beam management) may include spatial beam prediction, temporal beam prediction, or both. In some cases, predictive beam management (e.g., predicting parameters for beam 215) may include predicting parameters (e.g., for a hypothetical beam, for future signaling) based on previously measured parameters or data otherwise associated with previous information. For example, UE 115-a may measure parameters for a first set of beams 215 and may predict parameters for a second set of beams 215 based on the measured parameters for the first set of beams 215. In some cases, the second set of beams 215 may be narrower than the first set of beams 215. Thus, UE 115-a may utilize the measured parameters for the first set of beams 215 to predict parameters for the second set of beams 215. Based on the predicted parameters, in some cases, UE 115-a may select beam 215 for communication without measuring a reference signal transmitted using beam 215.

[0111] In some cases, a communication device may perform encoding operations (e.g., compression operations) and decoding operations (e.g., decompression operations). For example, UE 115-a and network entity 105-a may each include one or more encoders and one or more decoders. In some cases, a communication device may utilize an encoder to compress information before transmitting the information. For example, an encoder may convert the information into a sequence of values (such as a sequence of bits). Additionally or alternatively, a decoder may convert the sequence of values (such as a sequence of bits) into information.

[0112] In some cases, a communication device (e.g., UE 115-a, network entity 105-a) may predict a sequence of values (e.g., a bit sequence, a bitmap) for each beam 215 in a set of beams 215. Each predicted sequence of values may be used for a parameter (e.g., the sequence may represent or otherwise indicate a value of the parameter). In some cases, the communication device may utilize an encoder to compress (e.g., encode) the predicted sequence of values. In some cases, UE 115-a may predict a sequence of values for each beam 215 in a set of beams 215. That is, UE 115-a may predict one sequence of values for each beam 215. As an illustrative example, each sequence of values may represent or otherwise indicate a corresponding RSRP for a corresponding reference signal transmitted by network entity 105-a using the corresponding beam 215.

[0113] Each sequence of predicted values (e.g., each prediction) may have an associated uncertainty. For example, the uncertainty may indicate the likelihood that the prediction is accurate or the variability associated with the prediction (e.g., variance). The uncertainty may indicate the deviation from the mean value for the number of predictions (e.g., standard deviation). In some cases, the number of bits used to convey information (e.g., predictions) with relatively high uncertainty (e.g., high complexity) may be greater than the number of bits used to indicate information with relatively low uncertainty (e.g., low complexity). For example, if the prediction of L1 RSRP is relatively complex (e.g., less certain) compared to other predictions, a greater number of bits may be used to describe the prediction (e.g., to indicate the prediction) compared to other predictions (e.g., less complex predictions, more certain predictions).

[0114] However, some communication devices may not consider the uncertainty associated with predictive beam management operations when selecting beam 215 (e.g., a preferred beam pair), which may limit the ability of the communication device to effectively select beam 215. For example, the communication device may select beam 215 based on one or more predicted parameters with high uncertainty, and the predicted parameters may not accurately characterize beam 215. In addition, UE 115-a may report a large payload size (e.g., a large number of bits) for beam reports (e.g., communication parameters for beam management) regardless of the complexity of the predicted parameter values (e.g., regardless of whether the prediction uncertainty is high or low), which may increase signaling overhead (e.g., physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) overhead for L1 reporting).

[0115] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a communication device (e.g., UE 115-a, network entity 105-a) can use variable bit width signaling to convey uncertainty information and information for predicted beam parameters, so that fewer bits are used to convey information with relatively low uncertainty values compared to information with relatively high uncertainty values, thereby improving the utilization of communication resources and the effectiveness of predictive beam management operations. In such cases, the communication device can implement an encoder (e.g., an autoencoder) to compress a sequence of values (e.g., an L1 report). As described herein, the terms "encoder" and "autoencoder" can be used interchangeably to describe a variable bit width encoding operation, where the bit width of the encoder output is based on the uncertainty value of the encoder input.

[0116] In some cases, UE 115-a may predict a sequence of values for one or more parameters (e.g., L1RSRP, L1 SINR) and may perform a corresponding encoding operation on the predicted sequence of values. The corresponding encoding operation may output a certain number of bits based at least in part on an uncertainty value (e.g., a total uncertainty value, an overall uncertainty value) for the predicted sequence of values. UE 115-a may then send a message including bits (e.g., bits of the encoded predicted sequence of values) to network entity 105-a. Thus, UE 115-a and network entity 105-a may select one or more beams 215 (e.g., beam pairs) for communication based on the uncertainty value for the predicted sequence of values.

[0117] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may perform one or more additional operations to verify (e.g., check) the accuracy of the prediction (e.g., a prediction having high uncertainty) based on determining and signaling an uncertainty value for the predicted sequence of values. For example, the prediction (e.g., the predicted sequence of values) may have a relatively high uncertainty and a relatively high L1 RSRP compared to other predictions, which may indicate that the beam 215 corresponding to the prediction may provide relatively high performance compared to other beams 215. Based on the high uncertainty value of the prediction, the network entity 105-a may determine to transmit one or more reference signals using the beam 215, and the UE 115-a may measure the reference signals (e.g., to verify whether the prediction is accurate or within a threshold range).

[0118] Figure 3A An example of a block diagram 300-a supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated. One or more aspects of the block diagram 300-a may be implemented by one or more aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or the wireless communication system 200. For example, the block diagram 300-a may include an encoder 305 that may be implemented by a communication device (such as a reference device). Figure 1 and Figure 2The described UE 115 or network entity 105) is implemented or otherwise controlled by the communication device. For example, the UE 115 may include an encoder 305. In some cases, the block diagram 300-a may include bits 310-a and bits 310-b, both of which may be output by the encoder 305. Additionally or alternatively, the block diagram 300-a may include a prediction set 315-a and a prediction set 315-b, which may have uncertainty values 320. Although Figure 3A A range of values is shown as illustrative examples of uncertainty value 320 , but uncertainty value 320 may be represented differently (eg, determined differently) according to examples as described in further detail herein.

[0119] The encoder 305 may have one or more inputs and one or more outputs. For example, the encoder 305 may receive information (e.g., predictions) via one or more inputs, perform one or more operations to compress the information, and transmit the compressed information (e.g., bits 310) via one or more outputs. In some cases, the encoder 305 (e.g., a UE 115 including the encoder 305) may transmit the compressed information to the network entity 105 (e.g., via a CSI report, via a MAC CE). The information may include one or more predictions (e.g., one or more sequences of prediction values). The one or more predictions may be included in a prediction set 315. In some cases, the information may include an indication of a bit width (e.g., in addition to the one or more predictions). That is, the UE 115 may transmit the output of the encoder 305, which includes a payload (e.g., one or more sequences of prediction values) and an indication of a bit width. As described herein, the encoder 305 may be a component of the UE 115 or any other communication device, or may be otherwise associated with the UE 115 or any other communication device. Therefore, the signaling and communication performed by the encoder 305 may be similar to the signaling and communication performed by the UE 115. For example, UE 115 may send compressed information to network entity 105 via encoder 305 .

[0120] In some cases, the UE 115 (e.g., the encoder 305) may receive a request from the network entity 105 to send a CSI report or a MAC CE to the network entity 105. The CSI report or MAC CE may include one or more predictions for the number of channel measurement resources (e.g., one or more compressed and predicted L1 RSRPs, one or more compressed and predicted SINRs). In some cases, the one or more predictions may be associated with one or more beams 215 (e.g., one or more beam pairs). The input to the encoder 305 may include one or more predictions (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP, predicted L1 SINR) and one or more uncertainty values 320 for the one or more predictions. The output of the encoder 305 may include variable bit width signaling (e.g., the number of bits 310 output by the encoder 305 may be based on the one or more uncertainty values 320). For example, a relatively high uncertainty value 320 for L1 RSRP or SINR may be conveyed using a greater number of bits 310 than a relatively low uncertainty value 320. In some cases, the UE 115 may report (e.g., send) the output of the encoder 305 (e.g., bit 310-a or bit 310-b) to the network entity 105 in a CSI report or a MAC CE. In some cases, the CSI report may include an indication of a bit width (e.g., output by the encoder 305) and a payload, where the payload may indicate one or more predictions (e.g., one or more sequences of prediction values). The indication of the bit width may be included in a first part of the CSI report (e.g., CSI part 1), which may have a fixed payload size. The output of the encoder 305 may be included in a second part of the CSI report (e.g., CSI part 2).

[0121] Uncertainty value 320 may be determined (e.g., calculated) using different methods (e.g., different options). For example, uncertainty value 320 may be an example of a standard deviation for a set of values (e.g., prediction set 315), or may refer to the standard deviation in other ways. The standard deviation for a set of values may be an example of an average variation (e.g., variance) for the set of values. Additionally or alternatively, uncertainty value 320 may be an example of a maximum variation (e.g., a maximum standard deviation) or a variation (e.g., a standard deviation) for a subset of values (e.g., for a single value such as a maximum value), or may refer to the maximum variation or the variation for the subset of values in other ways. In some cases, UE 115 may determine (e.g., select, configure) the method used to determine uncertainty value 320 (e.g., the type of uncertainty value 320 used for the prediction). For example, UE 115 may select whether uncertainty value 320 is represented by the average variance, the maximum variance, or the variance corresponding to a single prediction (e.g., for the strongest RSRP, for the strongest SINR). In some other cases, the network entity 105 may determine (eg, select, configure) a method for determining the uncertainty value 320 (eg, the type of uncertainty value 320 ).

[0122] The method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320 (e.g., the type of uncertainty value 320 for reporting) may be based on (e.g., triggered by) a CSI report or any other signaling associated with a CSI report. For example, a network entity may send an indication to UE 115 that includes a CSI reporting configuration and a method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320. In some cases, the CSI reporting configuration (e.g., the type of CSI reporting configuration) may (e.g., implicitly) indicate the method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320. For example, a first type of CSI reporting configuration may correspond to a first method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320, a second type of CSI reporting configuration may correspond to a second method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320, and so on. In some cases, the method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320 may be indicated via a MAC CE (e.g., a MAC CE that activates periodic CSI reporting). Additionally or alternatively, the method for determining one or more uncertainty values 320 may be triggered via DCI signaling. For example, the configuration may be based on an aperiodic CSI triggering state configuration for aperiodic CSI reporting.

[0123] In some cases, the uncertainty value 320 may be an example of a standard deviation or variance for the set of predictions 315 (e.g., predicted and reported L1 RSRP, predicted and reported SINR). The network entity 105 may send a request to the UE 115 to report a number of predictions for a number of beam pairs. As an illustrative example, the network entity 105 may send a request for the UE 115 to report the 16 strongest predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, or both associated with 128 beam pairs. The request may indicate that the UE 115 will periodically report the number of predictions. The uncertainty value 320 for the prediction (e.g., reported RSRP, reported SINR) may be an average of the 16 variance values (e.g., for each of the 16 strongest predictions).

[0124] In some other cases, uncertainty value 320 may be an example of the maximum variance (e.g., maximum standard deviation) of all predictions included in prediction set 315 (e.g., predicted and reported L1 RSRP, predicted and reported SINR). Network entity 105 may send a request to UE 115 to report the number of predictions for the number of beam pairs. As an illustrative example, network entity 105 may send a request to UE 115 to report the 16 strongest predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, or both associated with 128 beam pairs. In such a case, uncertainty value 320 for the prediction (e.g., reported RSRP, reported SINR) may be the maximum of the 16 variance values (e.g., for each of the 16 strongest predictions).

[0125] In some other cases, uncertainty value 320 may be an example of the variance (e.g., standard deviation) of a single prediction in prediction set 315 (e.g., predicted and reported L1 RSRP, predicted and reported SINR). For example, uncertainty value 320 may be the standard deviation for the strongest predicted RSRP or the strongest predicted SINR. Network entity 105 may send a request to UE 115 to report the number of predictions for the number of beam pairs. As an illustrative example, network entity 105 may send a request to UE 115 to report the 16 strongest predicted L1 RSRP, L1 SINR, or both associated with 128 beam pairs. In such cases, uncertainty value 320 for a prediction (e.g., reported RSRP, reported SINR) may be the variance value for the strongest prediction in prediction set 315 (e.g., strongest RSRP, strongest SINR).

[0126] The UE 115 may send an indication of the type of the uncertainty value 320 to the network entity 105. For example, the indication may indicate whether the uncertainty value 320 is the average of a set of uncertainty values 320 (e.g., the average variance), the maximum value of the set of uncertainty values 320 (e.g., the maximum variance), or a single value of the set of uncertainty values 320 (e.g., the variance of the maximum predicted value). In such cases, the UE 115 may select (e.g., determine) the type of the uncertainty value 320. For example, the UE 115 may select to indicate the uncertainty value 320 as the maximum of 16 variance values (e.g., for each of the 16 strongest predictions). The UE 115 may then send an indication to the network entity 105 indicating that the uncertainty value 320 is the maximum of the 16 variance values.

[0127] In some cases, the type of uncertainty value 320 may correspond to the type of mathematical model (e.g., an artificial intelligence model, a machine learning model) used to determine the prediction (e.g., a sequence of predicted values). For example, a communication device (such as network entity 105 or UE 115) may be configured with a number of different mathematical models (e.g., four different neural networks) used to determine the prediction. Each of the number of different mathematical models may correspond to a type of uncertainty value 320. For example, a first mathematical model may generate or output one or more uncertainty values 320 of a first type (e.g., mean variance), a second mathematical model may generate or output one or more uncertainty values 320 of a second type (e.g., maximum variance), and so on. In such cases, the communication device may (e.g., implicitly) indicate the type of the mathematical model based on (e.g., explicitly) indicating the type of uncertainty value 320, or vice versa. For example, UE 115 may send an indication of the type of uncertainty value 320 to network entity 105, and network entity 105 may determine the type of the mathematical model based on receiving the indication of the type of uncertainty value 320.

[0128] In some cases, the network entity 105 may configure the encoder 305. For example, the network entity 105 may determine a configuration for determining the number of bits 310 (e.g., for compression operations at the encoder 305). The network entity 105 may send an indication of the configuration to the UE 115, and the UE 115 may determine the number of bits 310 based on the configuration (e.g., to output via the encoder 305). The configuration may indicate a mathematical model or algorithm for the operation of the encoder 305. As described herein, the encoder 305 may be capable of operating according to multiple mathematical models. In some cases, the network entity 105 may configure the encoder 305 by indicating which of the multiple mathematical models the encoder 305 should operate according to.

[0129] The configuration for encoder 305 may include a mapping (e.g., an association) between the number of bits 310 and uncertainty values 320. Thus, encoder 305 may determine the number of bits 310 based on the mapping (e.g., based on one or more uncertainty values 320). For example, encoder 305 may determine the number of bits 310-a and the number of bits 310-b based on the configuration (e.g., the mapping). The number of bits 310-a may correspond to uncertainty value 320-a, and the number of bits 310-b may correspond to uncertainty value 320-b. In such cases, based on uncertainty value 320-a being less than uncertainty value 320-b, the number of bits 310-a may be less than the number of bits 310-b.

[0130] In some cases, the UE 115 may configure the encoder 305 (e.g., the UE 115 may configure the encoder 305 independently of signaling received from the network entity 105). In such cases, the UE 115 may determine the corresponding number of bits 310 based on a configuration (e.g., a pre-configuration, a setting for the UE 115). For example, the encoder 305 (e.g., a UE 115 including the encoder 305) may be configured (e.g., during manufacturing) to determine the corresponding number of bits 310 based on a mathematical model or algorithm. In such cases, the network entity 105 may perform one or more decoding operations based on the configuration of the encoder 305. For example, the network entity 105 may determine the configuration of the encoder 305 based on an indication received from the UE 115. In some other cases, the network entity 105 may implicitly determine the configuration of the encoder 305.

[0131] The configuration for the encoder 305 may be based on one or more ranges of uncertainty values 320 (e.g., a range of standard deviations). In such cases, the configuration may specify a first number of bits 310 for a first range of uncertainty values 320, a second number of bits 310 for a second range of uncertainty values 320, and so on. For example, the standard deviation S for the prediction set 315 may be included in a range of standard deviations (e.g., S < 2 decibel milliwatts (dBm), 2dBm ≤ S < 6dBm, 6dBm ≤ S ≤ 12dBm, S > 12dBm), which may correspond to a range of bit numbers (e.g., 6 bits, 12 bits, 24 bits, 36 bits). In some cases, the UE 115 may send (e.g., to the network entity 105) an indication of the configuration for the encoder (e.g., a configuration for determining the bit width of the output of the encoder 305). For example, the UE 115 may send an identifier (ID) corresponding to the configuration for the encoder. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may transmit the output of the encoder 305 (eg, the UE 115 may jointly transmit the output of the encoder 305 and an ID corresponding to the configuration).

[0132] The configuration for encoder 305 may be based on a CSI report (e.g., including one or more predicted CSI reports). In such cases, the configuration for encoder 305 may correspond to a CSI report setting. The report setting may specify (e.g., indicate) whether the CSI report is periodic, semi-periodic, or aperiodic. For example, a first configuration may correspond to a periodic CSI report, a second configuration may correspond to a semi-periodic CSI report, and a third configuration may correspond to an aperiodic CSI report. In some cases, the configuration may be indicated by a MAC CE that activates CSI reporting (e.g., a MAC CE that activates SP CSI reporting). Additionally or alternatively, the configuration may be triggered via DCI signaling. For example, the configuration may be based on an aperiodic CSI trigger state configuration for aperiodic CSI reporting.

[0133] Figure 3B An example of a block diagram 300-b supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated. One or more aspects of block diagram 300-b may be implemented by one or more aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200. For example, block diagram 300-b may include a decoder 325 that may be implemented by a communication device (such as a reference device). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The network entity 105 or UE 115 described herein may be implemented or otherwise controlled by the communication device. For example, the network entity 105 may include a decoder 325. In some cases, the block diagram 300-b may include bits 310-c and bits 310-d, both of which may be processed by the decoder 325. In some cases, the decoder 325 may receive bits 310 (e.g., as input), such as the decoder 325 of FIG. Figure 3A Additionally or alternatively, block diagram 300-b may include prediction set 315-c and prediction set 315-d, which may be associated with uncertainty value 320. Figure 3B A range of values is shown as illustrative examples of uncertainty value 320 , but uncertainty value 320 may be represented differently (eg, determined differently) according to examples as described in further detail herein.

[0134] Decoder 325 may have one or more inputs and one or more outputs. For example, decoder 325 may receive information (e.g., bits 310-c and 310-d, which may be the same as bits 310-a and 310-b, respectively) via one or more inputs, perform one or more operations to decompress the information (e.g., decode the information), and transmit the decoded information (e.g., bits 310-c and 310-d). For example, decoder 325 may transmit the decoded information to one or more components of network entity 105. In such cases, network entity 105 may utilize the decoded information for beam management. For example, network entity 105 may select a beam or beam pair based on the decoded information. As described herein, decoder 325 may be a component of network entity 105 or any other communication device, or may be otherwise associated with network entity 105 or any other communication device. Thus, the signaling and communications performed by decoder 325 may be similar to the signaling and communications performed by network entity 105.

[0135] In some cases, the network entity 105 (e.g., decoder 325 of the network entity 105) may receive information (e.g., bits 310-c, bits 310-d) from the UE 115. The information may indicate one or more predictions, one or more uncertainty values 320, or both. For example, the network entity (e.g., decoder 325 of the network entity 105) may receive a CSI report or MAC CE from the UE 115, and the CSI report or MAC CE may include one or more predictions. In such cases, the CSI report or MAC CE may include bits 310 (e.g., bits 310-c, bits 310-d). The decoder 325 may decode bits 310-c and bits 310-d and may output bits 310-c and bits 310-d. Bits 310-c and bits 310-d may indicate one or more predictions (e.g., a sequence of values corresponding to the predicted RSRP). Additionally or alternatively, the number of bits 310-c and the number of bits 310-d may be based on the uncertainty value 320. For example, the number of bits 310 - c may be based on the uncertainty value 320 - c , and the number of bits 310 - d may be based on the uncertainty value 320 - d .

[0136] In some cases, the network entity 105 can configure the decoder 325. For example, the network entity 105 can determine the configuration for performing decoding operations at the decoder 325. In some cases, the configuration for the decoder 325 can be based on the configuration of the encoder 305. The decoder 325 can determine the number of bits 310 (e.g., to output) based on the configuration. In some cases, the configuration can be based on a mathematical model or algorithm. In some cases, the UE 115 can configure the decoder 325.

[0137] The configuration for decoder 325 may include a mapping between the number of bits 310 and uncertainty value 320. In such cases, decoder 325 may determine and output the number of bits 310-c and the number of bits 310-d based on the configuration. In some cases, decoder 325 may determine uncertainty value 320 based on the number of bits 310. For example, the number of bits 310-c may correspond to uncertainty value 320-c, and the number of bits 310-d may correspond to uncertainty value 320-d. In such cases, the number of bits 310-c may be less than the number of bits 310-d based on uncertainty value 320-c being less than uncertainty value 320-d.

[0138] Figure 4 An example of a process flow 400 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the process flow 400 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the wireless communication system 200, and the block diagram 300. For example, the process flow 400 may include a UE 115-b, which may be as described in reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The process flow 400 may also include a network entity 105-b, which may be a network entity such as that described in reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some cases, the UE 115-b may perform variable bit width encoding operations, and the network entity 105-b may perform variable bit width decoding operations, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 3A and Figure 3B As described, this can improve the utilization of communication resources.

[0139] In the following description of process flow 400, operations between network entity 105-b and UE 115-b may be performed in a different order than shown. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 400, or other operations may be added to process flow 400. Furthermore, although some operations or communications are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may occur at the same time. Additionally or alternatively, although network entity 105-b and UE 115-b are shown as performing several operations of process flow 400, any wireless device may perform the operations shown.

[0140] At 405, the network entity 105-b may transmit a plurality of reference signals via a first plurality of beams. The network entity 105-b may multicast, broadcast, groupcast, or unicast the plurality of reference signals. In some cases, the plurality of reference signals may not be transmitted directly to the UE 115-b. For example, the network entity 105-b may broadcast the plurality of reference signals over a geographic area. In some cases, the network entity 105-b may transmit each reference signal using a different beam. Thus, transmitting the plurality of reference signals may enable the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-b to determine one or more preferred (e.g., optimal) beams for communication. In some cases, the network entity 105-b may transmit the plurality of beams as part of a beam management process.

[0141] At 410, UE 115-b may receive an indication of a configuration for determining one or more uncertainty values from network entity 105-b. For example, UE 115-b may perform one or more operations to predict a sequence of values. In such cases, the configuration may be used to determine uncertainty values for a subset of the predicted sequence of values. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-b may determine the uncertainty values based on the configuration. In some cases, each predicted sequence of values may be used for a parameter of a reference signal. For example, UE 115-b may predict a sequence of values indicative of RSRP of a reference signal (e.g., a reference signal sent by network entity 105-b at 405).

[0142] At 415, UE 115-b may predict, for each beam in the plurality of beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter. In some cases, the at least one parameter may include one or more RSRPs, one or more SINRs, or both. In some cases, each beam in the plurality of beams may correspond to a respective beam pair in a plurality of beam pairs used for communication between UE 115-b and network entity 105-b. As described herein, the sequence of values may indicate a value of the parameter (e.g., represent a value of the parameter, be an example of a value of the parameter). For example, the sequence of values may indicate an RSRP for the beam (e.g., a beam pair).

[0143] At 420, UE 115-b may determine uncertainty values for at least a subset of the predicted value sequences. For example, UE 115-b may determine an uncertainty value for a single predicted value sequence. In some other cases, UE 115-b may determine uncertainty values for a set of predicted value sequences. In some cases, the uncertainty values may be based on a variation in the predicted value sequence. For example, UE 115-b may predict multiple value sequences. UE 115-b may determine a variation (e.g., range, standard deviation) in the predicted value sequence and determine uncertainty for the multiple predictions based on the variation. For example, a first subset of predicted value sequences having a relatively high variation may have a relatively high uncertainty compared to a second subset of predicted value sequences having a relatively low variation.

[0144] At 425, UE 115-b may receive, from network entity 105-b, an indication of a configuration for determining a number of bits based on an uncertainty value. The configuration may indicate a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and corresponding numbers of bits. For example, the configuration may indicate that a range of uncertainty values corresponds to a number of bits. In some cases, UE 115-b may receive, from network entity 105-b, a CSI reporting configuration including the indication, a MAC CE activating a CSI report including the indication, or a DCI activating a CSI report including the indication, wherein the CSI report includes bits of an encoded sequence of predicted values.

[0145] At 430, UE 115-b may perform corresponding encoding operations on at least a subset of the predicted value sequences for at least one parameter for at least a subset of the plurality of beams, wherein a number of bits of the encoded predicted value sequences generated by performing the corresponding encoding operations is based on an uncertainty value for the predicted value sequences. For example, the plurality of predicted value sequences may be input (e.g., by UE 115-b) to an encoder of UE 115-b, and the encoder may output a number of bits based on the uncertainty for the predicted value sequences.

[0146] At 435, UE 115-b may receive a request from network entity 105-b to send a message based on the ranking of the predictor value sequences, wherein UE 115-b determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the predictor value sequences based on a function of respective variance values for at least a subset of the predictor value sequences. In some cases, UE 115-b may receive a request from network entity 105-b to send a message based on the ranking of the predictor value sequences, wherein UE 115-b determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the predictor value sequences based on variance values of the predictor value sequences in the subset of the predictor value sequences. In some cases, the predictor value sequence may be selected from the subset of the predictor value sequences based on respective signal powers for the subset of the predictor value sequences.

[0147] At 440, UE 115-b may send an indication of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value to network entity 105-b. In some cases, the configuration for determining the uncertainty value may correspond to a mathematical model from a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter. For example, based on the configuration, UE 115-b may use a machine learning model to determine the uncertainty value, or may use any other type of mathematical model (e.g., a mathematical model implementing artificial intelligence) to determine the uncertainty value in another manner.

[0148] At 445, UE 115-b may send an indication of the number of bits of at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predicted values to network entity 105-b. In some cases, sending the indication of the number of bits corresponds to a mathematical model from a plurality of mathematical models used to predict the sequence of values for at least one parameter. For example, the mathematical model may output the number of bits, and UE 115-b may send the indication indicating the number of bits to network entity 105-b.

[0149] At 450, UE 115-b may send a message including bits of the encoded predictor value sequence to network entity 105-b. In some cases, UE 115-b may send a message including bits of at least a subset of the encoded predictor value sequence, where the bits correspond to the number of at least a subset of the predictor value sequences having corresponding rankings that meet a threshold. In some cases, the message may be included in a CSI report. For example, at 450, UE 115-b may send a CSI report to network entity 105-b. The CSI report may include a first part and a second part. The first part may include an indication of the number of bits, and the second part may include bits of at least a subset of the encoded predictor value sequence.

[0150] At 455, the network entity 105-b may perform one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity 105-b identifies a sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations. In some cases, the network entity 105-b may perform the one or more decoding operations based on a configuration for determining the uncertainty value based on a total number of bits in the set of bits. In some cases, the network entity 105-b may determine the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values based on the total number of bits in the set of bits.

[0151] Figure 5A block diagram 500 illustrates a device 505 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communication manager 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0152] Receiver 510 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for beam management). The information may be passed to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0153] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to techniques for beam management, data channels, information channels), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with the receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0154] The communication manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, the communication manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0155] In some examples, the communication manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0156] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 520, receiver 510, transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 520, receiver 510, transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described herein).

[0157] In some examples, communication manager 520 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both. For example, communication manager 520 can receive information from receiver 510, transmit information to transmitter 515, or integrate with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both in combination to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0158] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 520 may support wireless communications at a UE. For example, the communication manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support means for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter for each beam in a set of multiple beams. The communication manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing corresponding encoding operations on at least a subset of the sequences of predicted values for the at least one parameter for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, wherein the number of bits of the encoded sequences of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operations is based on an uncertainty value for the sequences of predicted values. The communication manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a message including the bits of the encoded sequences of predicted values to a network entity.

[0159] By including or configuring a communication manager 520 according to the examples described herein, the device 505 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communication manager 520, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for reducing processing overhead, reducing power consumption, and more efficiently utilizing communication resources. For example, the device 505 can support variable bit width signaling, which can include conveying a configurable number of bits based on uncertainty values associated with the bits. Thus, (e.g., the device 505) can use a smaller number of bits to convey information with a lower uncertainty value (e.g., a prediction) than information with a higher uncertainty value, which can reduce processing overhead, reduce power consumption, and improve utilization of communication resources.

[0160] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 illustrates a device 605 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of the device 505 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communication manager 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0161] Receiver 610 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for beam management). The information may be passed to other components of device 605. Receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0162] The transmitter 615 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to techniques for beam management, data channels, information channels), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0163] Device 605 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, communication manager 620 may include prediction component 625, encoding component 630, transmission component 635, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 620 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 620 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both. For example, communication manager 620 may receive information from receiver 610, transmit information to transmitter 615, or be integrated with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or a combination thereof to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0164] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 620 can support wireless communications at a UE. A prediction component 625 can be configured as or otherwise support means for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter for each beam in a set of multiple beams. An encoding component 630 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, wherein the number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values. A sending component 635 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0165] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 illustrates a communication manager 720 that supports techniques for beam management in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 720 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 520, the communication manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communication manager 720 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may include a prediction component 725, an encoding component 730, a transmission component 735, a reception component 740, a determination component 745, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0166] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 720 can support wireless communications at a UE. A prediction component 725 can be configured as or otherwise support means for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter for each beam in a set of multiple beams. An encoding component 730 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, wherein the number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values. A transmission component 735 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0167] In some examples, receiving component 740 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a request from a network entity to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on a function of corresponding variance values for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values.

[0168] In some examples, the receiving component 740 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for receiving a request from a network entity to send a message based on an ordering of a prediction value sequence, wherein the UE determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the prediction value sequences based on a variance value of the prediction value sequences in the subset of the prediction value sequences, the prediction value sequences being selected from the subset of the prediction value sequences based on corresponding signal powers associated with the subset of the prediction value sequences.

[0169] In some examples, to support sending a message to a network entity, sending component 735 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a message comprising bits of at least a subset of an encoded sequence of prediction values, where the bits correspond to a number of at least a subset of the sequences of prediction values having corresponding sorts that satisfy a threshold.

[0170] In some examples, receiving component 740 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of a configuration for determining uncertainty values for at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values from a network entity, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value based on the configuration.

[0171] In some examples, determining component 745 can be configured as or otherwise support means for determining an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values. In some examples, sending component 735 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending an indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value to a network entity.

[0172] In some examples, the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model from a set of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0173] In some examples, receiving component 740 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving, from a network entity, an indication of a configuration for determining a number of bits based on an uncertainty value, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and corresponding numbers of bits.

[0174] In some examples, to support receiving an indication of a configuration, receiving component 740 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a channel state information report configuration including an indication, activating a medium access control control element including an indication of a channel state information report, or activating downlink control information including an indication of a channel state information report from a network entity, wherein the channel state information report includes bits of an encoded prediction value sequence.

[0175] In some examples, transmitting component 735 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting an indication of a number of bits of at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0176] In some examples, the indication of the number of bits sent corresponds to a mathematical model in a set of multiple mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0177] In some examples, the sending component 735 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a channel state information report to a network entity comprising a first portion and a second portion, the first portion comprising an indication of a number of bits and the second portion comprising bits of at least a subset of the encoded prediction value sequence.

[0178] In some examples, the at least one parameter includes one or more reference signal received powers, one or more signal to interference plus noise ratios, or both.

[0179] In some examples, to support sending a message to a network entity, the sending component 735 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for sending a channel state information report or a medium access control control element to the network entity, wherein the channel state information report or the medium access control control element includes bits of an encoded prediction value sequence.

[0180] In some examples, each beam in the set of multiple beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in the set of multiple beam pairs used for communication between the UE and the network entity.

[0181] Figure 8 A diagram illustrating a system 800 including a device 805 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 805 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 805 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 820, an input / output (I / O) controller 810, a transceiver 815, an antenna 825, a memory 830, code 835, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845).

[0182] I / O controller 810 can manage input and output signals for device 805. I / O controller 810 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 805. In some cases, I / O controller 810 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 810 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 840). In some cases, a user may interact with device 805 via I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 810.

[0183] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna 825. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna 825, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 825, a wired or wireless link, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem for modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be examples of the transmitter 515, the transmitter 615, the receiver 510, the receiver 610, or any combination thereof, or components thereof, as described herein.

[0184] The memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may also contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0185] The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for beam management). For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include a processor 840 and a memory 830 coupled to or coupled to the processor 840, the processor 840 and the memory 830 being configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0186] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communications at a UE. For example, the communication manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support means for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter for each beam in a set of multiple beams. The communication manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing corresponding encoding operations on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, wherein the number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the corresponding encoding operations is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values. The communication manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values to a network entity.

[0187] By including or configuring the communication manager 820 according to the example as described herein, device 805 can support the technology for reducing time delay, improving coordination between devices and extending battery life. For example, device 805 can support variable bit width signaling, and this variable bit width signaling can include conveying the bit of configurable number based on the uncertainty value associated with the bit. Therefore, compared with the information with higher uncertainty value, (for example, device 805) can use a smaller number of bits to convey the information (for example, prediction) with lower uncertainty value, which can reduce time delay and reduce power consumption. Additionally or alternatively, device 805 can convey the information associated with variable bit width signaling to other devices, which can improve coordination between devices. For example, device 805 can indicate the number of bits included in the communication, which can enable other devices to decode the communication more effectively.

[0188] In some examples, the communication manager 820 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with the transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 820 can be supported or performed by the processor 840, the memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 can include instructions executable by the processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein, or the processor 840 and the memory 830 can be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0189] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 illustrates a device 905 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. The device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0190] Receiver 910 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 905. In some examples, receiver 910 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 910 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0191] The transmitter 915 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 915 and the receiver 910 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0192] The communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0193] In some examples, the communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0194] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described herein), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0195] In some examples, the communication manager 920 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communication manager 920 can receive information from the receiver 910, transmit information to the transmitter 915, or integrate with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both in combination to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0196] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 920 may support wireless communications at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. The communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second set of multiple beams. The communication manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0197] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to the examples described herein, the device 905 (e.g., a processor that controls or otherwise couples to the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communication manager 920, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for reducing processing overhead, reducing power consumption, and more efficiently utilizing communication resources. For example, the device 905 can support variable bit width signaling, which can include conveying a configurable number of bits based on uncertainty values associated with the bits. Thus, (e.g., the device 905) can use a smaller number of bits to convey information with a lower uncertainty value (e.g., a prediction) than information with a higher uncertainty value, which can reduce processing overhead, reduce power consumption, and improve utilization of communication resources.

[0198] Figure 10 Block diagram 1000 illustrates a device 1005 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of aspects of device 905 or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communication manager 1020. Device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0199] Receiver 1010 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of device 1005. In some examples, receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0200] The transmitter 1015 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0201] Device 1005 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, communication manager 1020 may include reference signal manager 1025, receive manager 1030, decode manager 1035, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1020 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both. For example, communication manager 1020 may receive information from receiver 1010, transmit information to transmitter 1015, or be integrated with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or a combination thereof to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0202] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1020 may support wireless communications at a network entity. A reference signal manager 1025 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. A reception manager 1030 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second set of multiple beams. A decoding manager 1035 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0203] Figure 11 Block diagram 1100 illustrates a communication manager 1120 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Communication manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 920, communication manager 1020, or both, as described herein. Communication manager 1120 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein. For example, communication manager 1120 may include a reference signal manager 1125, a receive manager 1130, a decode manager 1135, a transmit manager 1140, an uncertainty manager 1145, a beam manager 1150, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with one another directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with network entity 105, or between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0204] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1120 may support wireless communications at a network entity. A reference signal manager 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. A reception manager 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second set of multiple beams. A decoding manager 1135 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0205] In some examples, transmit manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting an indication of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value for a sequence of predicted values to a UE.

[0206] In some examples, to support performing one or more decoding operations, decode manager 1135 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing one or more decoding operations based on a configuration for determining an uncertainty value based on a total number of bits in a bit set.

[0207] In some examples, uncertainty manager 1145 may be configured as or otherwise support means for determining an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values based on a total number of bits in a set of bits.

[0208] In some examples, the transmission manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, where the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is based on an average of a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of predicted values.

[0209] In some examples, the transmission manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of prediction values, where the uncertainty value for the sequence of prediction values is based on a maximum uncertainty value in a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of prediction values.

[0210] In some examples, the transmission manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a component for sending a request to a UE to send a message based on an ordering of a sequence of predicted values, wherein an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is based on a comparison of corresponding values of at least one parameter, each corresponding value corresponding to a corresponding sequence of values.

[0211] In some examples, to support receiving messages from a UE, reception manager 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a message including bits corresponding to a number of predicted value sequences having corresponding rankings that satisfy a threshold.

[0212] In some examples, reception manager 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value from a UE.

[0213] In some examples, the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model from a set of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter.

[0214] In some examples, the transmit manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending to the UE an indication of a configuration for determining a total number of bits based on an uncertainty value, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and a corresponding total number of bits.

[0215] In some examples, to support sending an indication of a configuration, the transmission manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a channel state information report configuration including an indication to a UE, activating a medium access control control element including a channel state information report including an indication, or activating downlink control information including a channel state information report including an indication, wherein the channel state information report includes a bit set.

[0216] In some examples, each beam in the first set of multiple beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in the first set of multiple beam pairs used for communication between the network entity and the UE. In some examples, each beam in the second set of multiple beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in the second set of multiple beam pairs used for communication between the network entity and the UE.

[0217] Figure 1212. The present disclosure provides a diagram illustrating a system 1200 including a device 1205 supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of a device 905, a device 1005, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1205 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, via one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1205 may include components that support output and receipt of communications, such as a communication manager 1220, a transceiver 1210, an antenna 1215, a memory 1225, code 1230, and a processor 1235. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1240).

[0218] The transceiver 1210 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1210 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1210 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1205 may include one or more antennas 1215, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1210 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1215, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1215, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various receive or obtain operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210, or the transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215, or the transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1235 or memory 1225 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1205. In some examples, the transceiver is operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125 , backhaul communication link 120 , midhaul communication link 162 , fronthaul communication link 168 ).

[0219] Memory 1225 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1225 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1230 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1235, cause device 1205 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1230 may not be directly executable by processor 1235, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1225 may also contain, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0220] The processor 1235 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1235 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1235. The processor 1235 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1225) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for beam management). For example, the device 1205 or a component of the device 1205 may include the processor 1235 and the memory 1225 coupled to the processor 1235, the processor 1235 and the memory 1225 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. The processor 1235 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, a virtual machine, or a container instance) that may host functions for performing the functions of the device 1205 (e.g., by executing code 1230). Processor 1235 can be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1205 (such as within memory 1225). In some implementations, processor 1235 can be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which can be passed to, for example, other systems or components of device 1205). For example, the processing system of device 1205 can refer to a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of device 1205 (such as processor 1235, or transceiver 1210, or communication manager 1220, or other components or combinations of components of device 1205). The processing system of device 1205 can interface with other components of device 1205 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of device 1205 can include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information, for receiving information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, as well as other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a transmitter, so that the device 1205 can transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, so that the device 1205 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system.One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0221] In some examples, bus 1240 may support communications for protocol layers of a protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1240 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within components of device 1205, or communications performed between different components of device 1205 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1205 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1220, transceiver 1210, memory 1225, code 1230, and processor 1235 may be located in one of the different components or may be divided between the different components).

[0222] In some examples, communication manager 1220 can manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1220 can manage the transmission of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1220 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in coordination with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1220 can support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0223] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting the set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second set of multiple beams. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0224] By including or configuring the communication manager 1220 according to the example as described herein, device 1205 can support the technology for reducing time delay, improving coordination between devices and extending battery life. For example, device 1205 can support variable bit width signaling, which can include conveying a configurable number of bits based on the uncertainty value associated with the bit. Therefore, compared with information with a higher uncertainty value, (for example, device 1205) can use a smaller number of bits to convey information (for example, prediction) with a lower uncertainty value, which can reduce time delay and reduce power consumption. Additionally or alternatively, device 1205 can convey information associated with variable bit width signaling to other devices, which can improve coordination between devices. For example, device 1205 can indicate the number of bits included in the communication, which can enable other devices to decode the communication more effectively.

[0225] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with the transceiver 1210, one or more antennas 1215 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1220 can be supported or performed by the transceiver 1210, the processor 1235, the memory 1225, the code 1230, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1230 can include instructions executable by the processor 1235 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of the techniques for beam management as described herein, or the processor 1235 and the memory 1225 can be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0226] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 8 The described functions may be performed by the UE 115. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0227] At 1305, the method may include predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter for each beam in a set of a plurality of beams. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 7 The prediction component 725 described is executed.

[0228] At 1310, the method may include performing, for at least a subset of the set of multiple beams, a respective encoding operation on at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the respective encoding operation is based on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be implemented as described in reference to Figure 7 The encoding component 730 described is performed.

[0229] At 1315, the method may include sending a message including the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence to the network entity. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 7 The sending component 735 is described to perform.

[0230] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 8 The described functions may be performed by the UE 115. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0231] At 1405, the method may include receiving a request from a network entity to send a message based on the ranking of the predicted value sequence, wherein the UE determines an uncertainty value for at least a subset of the predicted value sequence based at least in part on a function of corresponding variance values of at least a subset of the predicted value sequence. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 7 The receiving component 740 described is executed.

[0232] At 1410, the method may include predicting, for each beam in a set of a plurality of beams, a sequence of values for at least one parameter. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 7 The prediction component 725 described is executed.

[0233] At 1415, the method may include performing, for at least a subset of the set of the plurality of beams, a respective encoding operation on at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, wherein the number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the respective encoding operation is based on the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values. The operation of 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 7 The encoding component 730 described is performed.

[0234] At 1420, the method may include sending a message including the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence to a network entity. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 7 The sending component 735 is described to perform.

[0235] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0236] At 1505, the method may include transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by reference to Figure 11 The description is performed by the reference signal manager 1125.

[0237] At 1510, the method may include receiving a message including a set of bits from a UE based on transmitting a set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second set of multiple beams. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a method as described in reference to Figure 11 The described receiving manager 1130 is executed.

[0238] At 1515, the method may include performing one or more decoding operations on the bit set based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies a sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 11 The decode manager 1135 described is executed.

[0239] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting techniques for beam management according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0240] At 1605, the method may include sending an indication of a configuration for determining an uncertainty value for a sequence of predicted values to the UE. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 11 The described sending manager 1140 is executed.

[0241] At 1610, the method may include transmitting a set of multiple reference signals via a first set of multiple beams. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by reference to Figure 11 The description is performed by the reference signal manager 1125.

[0242] At 1615, the method may include receiving a message including a set of bits from the UE based on transmitting a set of multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second set of the multiple beams. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a method as described in reference to Figure 11 The described receiving manager 1130 is executed.

[0243] At 1620, the method may include performing one or more decoding operations on the bit set based on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies a sequence of predicted values based on performing the one or more decoding operations. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 11 The decode manager 1135 described is executed.

[0244] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0245] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: predicting a value sequence for at least one parameter for each of a plurality of beams; performing a corresponding encoding operation on at least a subset of the predicted value sequence for the at least one parameter for at least a subset of the plurality of beams, wherein the number of bits of the encoded predicted value sequence generated by performing the corresponding encoding operation is at least partially based on an uncertainty value for the predicted value sequence; and sending a message including the bits of the encoded predicted value sequence to a network entity.

[0246] Aspect 2: According to the method of Aspect 1, the method also includes: receiving a request from the network entity to send the message based at least in part on the sorting of the prediction value sequence, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the prediction value sequence based at least in part on a function of the corresponding variance values of the at least subset of the prediction value sequence.

[0247] Aspect 3: According to the method of Aspect 1, the method also includes: receiving a request from the network entity to send the message based at least in part on the sorting of the prediction value sequence, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the prediction value sequence based at least in part on the variance value of the prediction value sequence in the subset of the prediction value sequence, and the prediction value sequence is selected from the subset of the prediction value sequence based at least in part on the corresponding signal power associated with the subset of the prediction value sequence.

[0248] Aspect 4: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein sending the message to the network entity further comprises: sending the message including the bits of the at least a subset of the encoded prediction value sequence, wherein the bits correspond to the number of the at least a subset of the prediction value sequence having a corresponding order that satisfies a threshold.

[0249] Aspect 5: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method also includes: receiving an indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the predicted value sequence from the network entity, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value at least in part based on the configuration.

[0250] Aspect 6: According to the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method also includes: determining the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the predicted value sequence; and sending an indication of the configuration for determining the uncertainty value to the network entity.

[0251] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

[0252] Aspect 8: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further includes: receiving an indication of a configuration for determining the number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value from the network entity, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and the corresponding number of bits.

[0253] Aspect 9: A method according to Aspect 8, wherein receiving the indication of the configuration further comprises: receiving a channel state information report configuration including the indication from the network entity, activating a medium access control control element including a channel state information report including the indication, or activating downlink control information including the channel state information report including the indication, wherein the channel state information report includes the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence.

[0254] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: sending an indication of the number of bits of the at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predicted values to the network entity.

[0255] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein sending the indication of the number of bits corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

[0256] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, further comprising: sending a channel state information report comprising a first part and a second part to the network entity, the first part comprising an indication of the number of bits, and the second part comprising the bits of the at least a subset of the encoded prediction value sequence.

[0257] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the at least one parameter comprises one or more reference signal received powers, one or more signal to interference plus noise ratios, or both.

[0258] Aspect 14: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein sending the message to the network entity also includes: sending a channel state information report or a medium access control control element to the network entity, wherein the channel state information report or the medium access control control element includes the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence.

[0259] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams corresponds to a respective beam pair of a plurality of beam pairs used for communication between the UE and the network entity.

[0260] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: transmitting multiple reference signals via a first plurality of beams; receiving a message comprising a set of bits from a UE based at least in part on transmitting the multiple reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based at least in part on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values being associated with a second plurality of beams; and performing one or more decoding operations on the set of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on performing the one or more decoding operations.

[0261] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16 further comprising: sending an indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values to the UE.

[0262] Aspect 18: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 17, wherein performing the one or more decoding operations further comprises: performing the one or more decoding operations based at least in part on a configuration for determining the uncertainty value based at least in part on the total number of bits in the bit set.

[0263] Aspect 19: The method of any one of aspects 16 to 18, further comprising determining the uncertainty value associated with the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on the total number of bits in the set of bits.

[0264] Aspect 20: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 16 to 19, the method further includes: sending a request to the UE to send the message based at least in part on the sorting of the prediction value sequence, wherein the uncertainty value for the prediction value sequence is at least in part based on the average value of the set of uncertainty values for the prediction value sequence.

[0265] Aspect 21: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 16 to 19, the method further includes: sending a request to the UE to send the message based at least in part on the sorting of the prediction value sequence, wherein the uncertainty value for the prediction value sequence is at least in part based on the maximum uncertainty value in the set of uncertainty values for the prediction value sequence.

[0266] Aspect 22: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 16 to 19, the method also includes: sending a request to the UE to send the message based at least in part on the sorting of the predicted value sequence, wherein the uncertainty value for the predicted value sequence is at least in part based on a comparison of corresponding values of the at least one parameter, each corresponding value corresponding to a corresponding value sequence.

[0267] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 22, wherein receiving the message from the UE further comprises: receiving the message including the bits, wherein the bits correspond to the number of the predicted value sequences having corresponding rankings that meet a threshold.

[0268] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 23, further comprising: receiving an indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value from the UE.

[0269] Aspect 25: The method according to aspect 24, wherein the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

[0270] Aspect 26: According to any one of Aspects 16 to 23, the method further includes: sending an indication to the UE of a configuration for determining the total number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value, wherein the configuration indicates a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and the corresponding total number of bits.

[0271] Aspect 27: A method according to Aspect 26, wherein sending the indication of the configuration further includes: sending a channel state information report configuration including the indication to the UE, activating a medium access control control element including the channel state information report including the indication, or activating downlink control information including the channel state information report including the indication, wherein the channel state information report includes the bit set.

[0272] Aspect 28: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 27, wherein each beam in the first plurality of beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in a first plurality of beam pairs used for communication between the network entity and the UE; and each beam in the second plurality of beams corresponds to a corresponding beam pair in a second plurality of beam pairs used for the communication between the network entity and the UE.

[0273] Aspect 29: An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0274] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0275] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0276] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0277] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0278] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0279] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0280] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used throughout much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0281] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the specification may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0282] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0283] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium, or transmitted using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0284] Computer readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and this communication medium includes any medium that promotes computer program to be transferred from one location to another location.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, magnetic disk storage device or other magnetic storage device or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code components and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer readable medium.For example, if software is to be sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer readable medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Magnetic disks can reproduce data magnetically, and optical discs can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0285] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0286] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include parsing, retrieving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0287] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description can apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or other subsequent reference labels.

[0288] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0289] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: For each beam of the plurality of beams, predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter; performing, for at least a subset of the plurality of beams, respective encoding operations on at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the respective encoding operations is based at least in part on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; as well as A message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values is sent to a network entity.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A request is received from the network entity to send the message based at least in part on an ordering of the sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on a function of corresponding variance values of the at least subset of the sequence of predicted values.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A request is received from the network entity to send the message based at least in part on an ordering of the sequence of predicted values, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value for the at least subset of the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on a variance value of the sequence of predicted values in the subset of the sequence of predicted values, the sequence of predicted values being selected from the subset of the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on corresponding signal powers associated with the subset of the sequence of predicted values.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the message to the network entity further comprises: The message is sent including the bits of the at least a subset of the encoded predictor value sequences, wherein the bits correspond to a number of the at least a subset of the predictor value sequences having a corresponding ranking that satisfies a threshold.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: An indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value for the at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values is received from the network entity, wherein the UE determines the uncertainty value based at least in part on the configuration.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining the uncertainty value for the at least a subset of the sequence of predicted values; as well as An indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value is sent to the network entity. 7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: An indication of a configuration for determining the number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value is received from the network entity, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and corresponding numbers of bits.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the indication of the configuration further comprises: Receiving from the network entity a channel state information report configuration including the indication, a medium access control control element activating a channel state information report including the indication, or downlink control information activating the channel state information report including the indication, wherein the channel state information report includes the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: An indication of the number of bits of the at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predictive values is sent to the network entity. 11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein sending the indication of the number of bits corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A channel state information report is sent to the network entity comprising a first part comprising an indication of the number of bits and a second part comprising the bits of the at least a subset of the encoded sequence of predictors.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter comprises one or more reference signal received powers, one or more signal to interference plus noise ratios, or both.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the message to the network entity further comprises: A channel state information report or a medium access control element is sent to the network entity, wherein the channel state information report or the medium access control element includes the bits of the encoded prediction value sequence.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams corresponds to a respective beam pair of a plurality of beam pairs used for communication between the UE and the network entity.

16. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: transmitting a plurality of reference signals via a first plurality of beams; receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a message comprising a set of bits based at least in part on transmitting the plurality of reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based at least in part on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second plurality of beams; as well as One or more decoding operations are performed on the set of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on performing the one or more decoding operations.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: An indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is sent to the UE.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the one or more decoding operations further comprises: The one or more decoding operations are performed based at least in part on a configuration for determining the uncertainty value based at least in part on the total number of bits in the set of bits.

19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: The uncertainty value associated with the sequence of predicted values is determined based at least in part on the total number of bits in the set of bits.

20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: A request is sent to the UE to send the message based at least in part on an ordering of the sequence of predicted values, wherein the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is based at least in part on an average of a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of predicted values.

21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: A request is sent to the UE to send the message based at least in part on an ordering of the sequence of predicted values, wherein the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is based at least in part on a maximum uncertainty value in a set of uncertainty values for the sequence of predicted values.

22. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Sending a request to the UE to send the message based at least in part on an ordering of the sequence of predicted values, wherein the uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values is based at least in part on a comparison of respective values of the at least one parameter, each respective value corresponding to a respective sequence of values.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the message from the UE further comprises: The message is received including the bits corresponding to the number of the sequences of predicted values having corresponding rankings that satisfy a threshold.

24. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: An indication of a configuration for determining the uncertainty value is received from the UE.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the configuration for determining the uncertainty value corresponds to a mathematical model of a plurality of mathematical models for predicting the sequence of values for the at least one parameter.

26. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: An indication of a configuration for determining the total number of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value is sent to the UE, the configuration indicating a mapping between one or more ranges of uncertainty values and corresponding total numbers of bits.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein sending the indication of the configuration further comprises: Sending a channel state information report configuration including the indication, activating a medium access control control element including a channel state information report including the indication, or activating downlink control information including the channel state information report including the indication to the UE, wherein the channel state information report includes the bit set.

28. The method of claim 16, wherein: Each beam in the first plurality of beams corresponds to a respective beam pair in a first plurality of beam pairs used for communication between the network entity and the UE; and Each beam in the second plurality of beams corresponds to a respective beam pair in a second plurality of beam pairs used for the communication between the network entity and the UE.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: For each beam of the plurality of beams, predicting a sequence of values for at least one parameter; performing, for at least a subset of the plurality of beams, respective encoding operations on at least a subset of a sequence of predicted values for the at least one parameter, wherein a number of bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values generated by performing the respective encoding operations is based at least in part on an uncertainty value for the sequence of predicted values; as well as A message including the bits of the encoded sequence of predicted values is sent to a network entity.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmitting a plurality of reference signals via a first plurality of beams; receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a message comprising a set of bits based at least in part on transmitting the plurality of reference signals, wherein a total number of bits in the set of bits is based at least in part on an uncertainty value associated with a sequence of predicted values for at least one parameter, the sequence of predicted values associated with a second plurality of beams; as well as One or more decoding operations are performed on the set of bits based at least in part on the uncertainty value, wherein the network entity identifies the sequence of predicted values based at least in part on performing the one or more decoding operations.

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