Cunninghamia lanceolata sowing seedling cultivation method based on abandoned land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of forestry seedling culture, in particular to an abandoned land-based cunninghamia lanceolata sowing seedling cultivation method, which comprises the steps of weed and shrub removal, land ploughing, field ridge building, soil soaking, secondary ploughing and fertilization, sowing, seedling field management and the like. Through soaking and ploughing, decomposition of organic matters in the soil is accelerated, the barren condition and the soil structure of the abandoned land are improved, the soil productivity is recovered, and a good growth environment is provided for Chinese fir sowing seedlings. According to the method, the abandoned land is used for Chinese fir seedling raising, idleness and waste of the abandoned land are reduced, the ecological problems of soil erosion, degeneration and the like caused by land abandoned are reduced, the situation that a fertile field is competed with agriculture due to cultivation of Chinese fir sowing seedlings is reduced, by means of planting and growth of Chinese fir, the forest coverage rate is increased, the regional ecological environment is improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Balance and stability of an ecological system are promoted, and the win-win situation of ecological benefits and social benefits is achieved. Powerful support is provided for popularization and planting of the cunninghamia lanceolata and sustainable development of forestry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forestry seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land. Background Art

[0002] Chinese fir( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) is an important fast-growing timber species in southern my country. Characterized by rapid growth, high-quality timber, and a wide range of uses, it is widely used in industries such as construction, furniture manufacturing, and papermaking. With rapid economic development and growing awareness of ecological and environmental protection, demand for Chinese fir continues to increase. However, traditional Chinese fir seedling cultivation methods mostly rely on farmland or fertile land, which has numerous drawbacks. On the one hand, it occupies a large amount of farmland resources, competing with agricultural production for land, seriously affecting food security and sustainable agricultural development. On the other hand, with the increasing scarcity of land resources, high-quality farmland is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, resulting in increasing seedling production costs. Furthermore, traditional seedling cultivation methods face challenges such as the difficulty of pest and disease control and declining soil fertility, which seriously restrict the further development of the Chinese fir seedling industry.

[0003] At the same time, in recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and the adjustment of industrial structure, a large amount of land has been abandoned. During the long-term idleness of these abandoned lands, the soil structure and microbial community have undergone significant changes. Usually, there are more aerobic microorganisms, and pests and diseases are more common. This soil environment is not conducive to the root growth of Chinese fir seedlings. However, the development and utilization of abandoned land is of great significance to alleviating the tension of land resources, ensuring food security and protecting the ecological environment. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize abandoned land to cultivate Chinese fir seedlings without occupying farmland has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently. The development of a method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land can not only effectively utilize idle land resources, but also reduce the cost of seedling cultivation, while reducing the occupation of high-quality farmland, and has important economic, social and ecological benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land. This method can make full use of abandoned land resources, reduce seedling cultivation costs, and at the same time ensure the growth quality and yield of seedlings, providing strong support for the promotion and planting of Chinese fir.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land, comprising the following steps: S1. Clearance of weeds and shrubs: Before sowing, clear the weeds and shrubs on the abandoned land intended for the fir sowing and seedling nursery to ensure that the land surface is clean and tidy without interference from weeds, shrubs and stones.

[0006] S2. Land Tillage: After clearing weeds and shrubs, the abandoned land is thoroughly tilled and leveled. Tillage loosens the soil, increasing its aeration and water permeability, which is beneficial for the germination of Chinese fir seeds and the growth of their root systems.

[0007] S3. Construction of field ridges: Build field ridges around the abandoned land after plowing to form a nursery.

[0008] S4. Soil soaking: Pour clean water into the field ridges until the water surface completely covers the soil in the nursery area and allow the soil to soak for 2 to 3 months. During the soaking process, the water will penetrate into the soil, inhibiting aerobic microorganisms and pests in the soil. It also helps further mature the soil, improving its fertility and water retention.

[0009] S5. Plough and fertilize again and prepare the seedbed: After the soil is soaked, drain the water, wait for the soil to dry naturally, plow the nursery again, and apply compound fertilizer. The application of compound fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for the Chinese fir seedlings, promote the growth and development of the seedlings, and prepare the seedbed according to the conventional Chinese fir seeding and seedling raising method.

[0010] S6. Sowing: Sowing is carried out on the seedbed of the nursery land after applying compound fertilizer according to the conventional Chinese fir seedling raising method.

[0011] S7. Seedling Field Management: Cultivate Chinese fir seedlings in the nursery beds improved through the above steps and manage them according to conventional Chinese fir seedling cultivation methods. This includes watering, weeding, fertilizing, and pest and disease control. Watering should be based on soil moisture and the growth needs of the seedlings, keeping the soil moist but not excessive. Weeding should be timely to prevent weeds from competing with the seedlings for nutrients and growth space. Fertilization should be based on the growth stage of the seedlings. In addition to the compound fertilizer applied before sowing, additional topdressing can be applied as needed during the growth process. Pest and disease control should be carried out regularly to promptly detect and treat pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings.

[0012] As a preference in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S6, the sowing time is generally selected from late winter to spring, specifically from January to early to mid-March.

[0013] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, 3 to 5 months before sowing (i.e., October to December of the previous year of sowing), weeds, shrubs, etc. on abandoned land intended for Chinese fir sowing and seedling nursery are thoroughly cleared.

[0014] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, weeds, shrubs, etc. on the abandoned land may be completely removed by manual pulling or mechanical cutting.

[0015] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the tillage depth is 20 cm to 30 cm.

[0016] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the height of the field ridge is 20 cm to 40 cm, and the width is 15 cm to 30 cm.

[0017] As a preference in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the ridge height is 25 cm to 35 cm, and the width is 20 cm to 25 cm.

[0018] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, clean water is injected into the field ridge to a depth of 10 cm to 35 cm.

[0019] As a preference in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, clean water is injected into the field ridge to a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm.

[0020] As preferred in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, during the soil soaking stage, after water is injected into the field ridge to a predetermined depth, effective sealing measures are implemented to prevent the outflow of clean water and thus avoid the loss of soil fertility due to water loss. As the water evaporates naturally, when the water level drops to a certain threshold, water is promptly replenished to ensure that the water surface always fully covers the nursery soil, achieving continuous and uniform soaking of the soil, thereby improving soil structure, inhibiting the growth of pests and diseases, weed and shrub roots, and aerobic microorganisms, and creating a good soil environment for the cultivation of Chinese fir seedlings.

[0021] As a preference of some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, when the water surface naturally evaporates to a depth of less than 5 cm, fresh water is added to a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm.

[0022] As a preference in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, the soil is fully soaked for 2 to 3 months (i.e., soaked for 2 to 3 months from late October of the previous year to February of the sowing year).

[0023] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, the depth of the re-ploughing is the same as that of the plowing in step S2.

[0024] As some embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 100 kg per mu.

[0025] As preferred in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S6, during sowing, the germinated Chinese fir seeds are evenly spread on the seedbed in the nursery and then covered with a thin layer of fine yellow soil (approximately 0.50 cm thick) to a thickness that prevents the seeds from being visible. The sowing density should be moderate to ensure sufficient growing space between the seedlings, typically sowing 3.5 kg to 5 kg per mu.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention improves the soil environment of abandoned land and optimizes the seedling cultivation process, effectively solving the problems of land resource occupation, high cost and unstable seedling quality in traditional Chinese fir seedling cultivation technology. The specific beneficial effects are as follows: 1. Significantly save land resources and alleviate conflicts over farmland: Traditional Chinese fir seedling cultivation relies on high-quality farmland, which leads to competition with agricultural production and exacerbates land resource tensions. However, the present invention converts abandoned land that was originally unable to be directly used for seedling cultivation due to the abundance of aerobic microorganisms and serious pests and diseases into nurseries suitable for Chinese fir growth through steps such as clearing weeds and shrubs, plowing, and soil soaking. This technical means not only avoids the occupation of farmland, but also makes full use of idle and abandoned land, fundamentally solving the problem of land competition between seedling cultivation and food production, and ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture. The reuse of abandoned land not only alleviates the pressure of land resource shortage, but also improves the ecological benefits of land, which is in line with the national strategy of intensive resource utilization.

[0027] 2. Greatly reduce the comprehensive cost of seedling cultivation and improve economic benefits: Traditional seedling cultivation requires high land rental fees and frequent improvement of farmland soil fertility, resulting in high costs. The present invention significantly reduces the cost of seedling cultivation by acquiring abandoned land at low cost and simplifying the improvement process. The rent of abandoned land is low or even free of charge, which reduces the cost of land; through two plowing, soaking in clean water and appropriate fertilization, there is no need for complex chemical treatment or long-term soil remediation, saving manpower and material costs; at the same time, long-term soaking inhibits the growth of aerobic microorganisms and pests and diseases, and makes the roots of residual weeds and shrubs inactive, and no water soaking is required after sowing and during the growth of seedlings, and the anaerobic bacteria that are bred by long-term soaking are suppressed, so that there are fewer harmful microorganisms and pests and diseases in the soil in the early stage of seedling cultivation, reducing the frequency of subsequent pesticide use and the cost of prevention and control.

[0028] 3. Significantly improve the quality and survival rate of seedlings and ensure industrial benefits: Traditional seedling cultivation has uneven seedling quality due to uneven soil fertility and frequent pests and diseases. The present invention effectively loosens the soil, enhances air permeability and water retention through two tillages combined with soaking, providing ideal conditions for root development. At the same time, long-term soaking in clean water inhibits the activity of aerobic microorganisms, insect eggs and roots of weeds and shrubs that are not conducive to the growth of Chinese fir seedlings, and converts them into nutrients, creating an anaerobic environment similar to that of rice fields and reducing root diseases. In addition, compound fertilizers combined with topdressing during the seedling stage ensure a continuous supply of nutrients and promote the healthy growth of seedlings. Through these technical optimizations, the survival rate of seedlings has been significantly improved, providing a guarantee of high-quality seedlings for subsequent afforestation.

[0029] 4. Promote ecological restoration of abandoned land and achieve multiple environmental benefits: Long-term idleness of abandoned land can easily lead to soil degradation and ecological imbalance. However, the present invention accelerates the decomposition of organic matter in the soil through soaking and plowing, effectively improving the barrenness of abandoned land and gradually restoring soil productivity. Using abandoned land for Chinese fir seedling cultivation not only reduces the idleness and abandonment of abandoned land, but also reduces ecological problems such as soil erosion and degradation caused by land abandonment. Moreover, by leveraging the characteristics of Chinese fir as a fast-growing timber species, its planting and growth after seedling cultivation can rapidly increase forest coverage, improve the regional ecological environment, promote the balance and stability of the ecosystem, and achieve a win-win situation for ecological and social benefits.

[0030] The present invention achieves multi-objective coordination of "resource conservation - cost control - quality improvement - ecological restoration" through deep adaptation of technical solutions to the characteristics of abandoned land, providing an innovative path for the transformation and upgrading of the Chinese fir seedling industry, and has significant economic, social and ecological comprehensive benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the specific implementation methods of the present invention are clearly and completely described below to further illustrate the present invention. Obviously, the specific implementation methods described are only part of the implementation methods of the present invention, rather than all styles.

[0032] Example 1: In this example, an abandoned land of 10 mu was selected in Guobu Town, Chongyi County. A method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land was used for treatment. The specific process is as follows: S1. Weed and shrub removal: Three months before sowing, weeds and shrubs on abandoned land should be manually removed.

[0033] S2. Land plowing: Then use a rotary tiller to plow the abandoned land to a depth of 25 cm and level the land.

[0034] S3. Construction of field ridges: After plowing, build field ridges 30 cm high and 25 cm wide around the abandoned land to form a nursery.

[0035] S4. Soil soaking: Water was poured into the field ridge to a depth of 15 cm, so that the water surface completely covered the nursery soil. The water depth was maintained at 5 cm or above, and the soil was soaked for 3 months. In this embodiment, after one month of watering, when the water depth was less than 5 cm, water was poured again to a depth of about 15 cm.

[0036] S5. Ploughing and fertilizing again, and making a seedbed: After the soaking is completed, drain the water, wait for the soil to dry naturally, plow the nursery land again with a rotary tiller, and apply 100kg of compound fertilizer per mu; then make a seedbed.

[0037] S6. Sowing: In early March, evenly spread the germinated Chinese fir seeds on the seedbed of the nursery for sowing. Cover with 0.5 cm thick fine yellow soil after sowing. Sow 3.5 kg of Chinese fir seeds per mu.

[0038] S7. Seedling field management: water, weed, fertilize regularly, and do a good job in disease and pest control.

[0039] After 10 months of cultivation, the seedlings in the nursery grew well, with an average height of over 43 cm and an average ground diameter of over 0.5 cm. 46,000 seedlings were produced and delivered per mu, and the quality of the seedlings met and exceeded national standards. Before the implementation of the present invention, sowing and cultivating Chinese fir on abandoned land only produced 20,000 to 25,000 seedlings per mu, with an average height of 25 cm and an average ground diameter of 0.35 cm. Furthermore, the cost of raising seedlings was 2,050 yuan higher per mu than in the present embodiment.

[0040] Example 2: This example selected abandoned land in Renhua County, Guangdong Province, with an area of 15 mu. A method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land was used for treatment. The specific process is as follows: S1. Weed and shrub removal: 2.5 months before sowing, mechanically remove weeds and shrubs on abandoned land.

[0041] S2. Land ploughing: The abandoned land is then ploughed to a depth of 28 cm and the land is leveled.

[0042] S3. Construction of field ridges: After plowing, build field ridges 30 cm high and 22 cm wide around the abandoned land to form a nursery.

[0043] S4. Soil soaking: Pour 18 cm deep clean water into the soil of the nursery and soak it for 2 months, keeping the water depth above 5 cm.

[0044] S5. Ploughing and fertilizing again: After soaking, drain the water, wait until the soil is slightly dry, plow the nursery land again, apply 100 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and then make a seedbed.

[0045] S6. Sowing: In February of the spring, evenly spread the germinated Chinese fir seeds on the seedbed of the nursery for sowing. Cover with 0.4 cm thick fine soil after sowing. Sow 4 kg of Chinese fir seeds per mu.

[0046] S7. Seedling field management: Water the fields appropriately according to soil moisture and seedling growth requirements, weed and fertilize in a timely manner, and strengthen disease and pest control.

[0047] After 10 months of cultivation, the seedlings in the nursery have grown robustly, with an average height of over 45 cm and an average diameter at ground level of over 0.55 cm. 51,000 seedlings were produced and planted per mu, with seedling quality exceeding national standards. During the same period, Chinese fir seedlings cultivated on farmland achieved an average height of over 41 cm and an average diameter at ground level of over 0.5 cm, producing and planting 47,500 seedlings per mu. This saves 1,750 yuan per mu compared to cultivating Chinese fir seedlings on farmland.

[0048] The above describes the main technical features and basic principles of the present invention and the related advantages. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the concept or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the above-mentioned specific embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0049] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to various implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation method can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings on abandoned land, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Weed and shrub removal: Before sowing, weeds, shrubs and rocks should be removed from the abandoned land intended for the Chinese fir seedling nursery. S2. Land tillage: After clearing weeds and shrubs, the abandoned land is tilled and leveled; S3. Field ridge construction: Build field ridges around the abandoned land after plowing to form a nursery; S4. Soil soaking: Pour water into the field ridges so that the water surface completely covers the soil in the nursery field and allow the soil to be fully soaked for 2 to 3 months; S5. Re-ploughing and fertilizing, and preparing a seedbed: After the soil is soaked, drain the water, wait for the soil to dry naturally, and then plow the nursery land again and apply compound fertilizer; and prepare a seedbed according to the Chinese fir seeding and seedling raising method; S6. Sowing: Sowing seeds on the seedbed of the nursery after applying compound fertilizer according to conventional Chinese fir seedling raising methods; S7. Nursery field management: Cultivate Chinese fir seedlings on the nursery bed and manage them according to the nursery field management method for Chinese fir seedlings, that is, water the nursery field, weed, fertilize, and control pests and diseases until the seedlings are planted.

2. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, 3 to 5 months before sowing, weeds and shrubs on the abandoned land to be used as the Chinese fir sowing and seedling nursery are completely removed by manually pulling out or mechanically cutting.

3. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the tillage depth is 20 cm to 30 cm.

4. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the height of the field ridge is 20 cm to 40 cm, and the width is 15 cm to 30 cm.

5. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the height of the field ridge is 25 cm to 35 cm, and the width is 20 cm to 25 cm.

6. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, water is injected into the field ridge to a depth of 10 cm to 35 cm, and the soil is fully soaked for 2 to 3 months.

7. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, clean water is injected into the field ridge to a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm.

8. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the water surface naturally evaporates to a depth of less than 5 cm, add clean water to a depth of 15 cm to 20 cm.

9. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, the depth of the second tillage is the same as that of step S2; the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 100 kg per mu; and the seedbed is prepared according to the conventional Chinese fir sowing and seedling raising method.

10. The method for cultivating Chinese fir seedlings based on abandoned land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the sowing time is selected between January and March. When sowing, the germinated fir seeds are evenly spread on the seedbed of the nursery, and then covered with a thin layer of fine yellow heart soil, the thickness of which is such that the seeds are not visible. The sowing density is 3.5kg to 5kg of seeds per mu.