Baking method for reducing ash hanging tobacco leaves
Through the baking method of high-temperature yellowing and gradient humidity discharge, the problem of ash hanging on the upper part of Xiangyan No. 3 tobacco leaves was solved, the quality and economic benefits of tobacco leaves were improved, and the significant reduction in the ash hanging smoke and the increase in the proportion of high-quality tobacco was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510861206.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
AI Technical Summary
The tobacco leaves on the upper part of Xiangyan No. 3 tobacco leaves are prone to ash hanging, resulting in weak combustion power, poor odor and aroma, which seriously affects the tobacco product grade and economic interests. The existing baking processes such as "medium temperature and medium humidity" and conventional three-stage baking processes are not effective under drought conditions.
The baking method of "high temperature yellowing, gradient humidity discharge" is adopted. By accurately controlling the temperature and wet bulb temperature during the yellowing period, combined with phased humidity removal strategies, including temperature and humidity control in the early stage of yellowing, main yellowing period, early stage of color setting, late stage of color setting and dry reinforcement stage, the proportion of ash smoke is reduced and the proportion of high-quality smoke is increased.
Significantly reduce the proportion of ash smoke, increase the proportion of high-quality smoke to about 67%, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, improve economic benefits, and reduce energy consumption costs.
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Figure CN120458298A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco processing, and in particular to a baking method for reducing ash and smoke in tobacco leaves. Background Art
[0002] Ash smoke mostly occurs on the upper leaves. The main causes are premature yellowing of leaves in the field, drought-induced premature tobacco, and improper post-harvest curing. This prevents the yellowed leaves from settling during curing, resulting in brown spots and patches on the surface. Ash smoke has a weak combustion power, an unpleasant odor, poor aroma quality, and a reduced aroma volume, all while increasing irritation. This seriously affects the commercial grade and value of tobacco leaves, significantly impacting the economic interests of tobacco farmers.
[0003] Xiangyan No. 3, the primary tobacco variety cultivated in the Xiangyang tobacco region of Hubei Province, has a dense upper leaf structure and rich dry matter accumulation, making it prone to ash formation under traditional curing processes. Existing curing techniques, such as the "medium temperature, medium humidity" curing process, can partially alleviate the ash formation problem, but are insufficiently suitable for upper leaves formed under drought conditions. Furthermore, the conventional three-stage curing process improperly controls moisture removal during the yellowing phase, easily leading to "hard yellowing" or "cold ash formation" in the leaves. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a baking method for reducing the proportion of tobacco leaves with ash. The present invention reduces the proportion of tobacco leaves with ash by providing a "high-temperature yellowing and gradient moisture removal" baking method, while increasing the proportion of high-quality tobacco, thereby solving the problems of "hard yellowing" or "cold ash" under traditional processes.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: The first object of the present invention is to provide a baking method for reducing tobacco ash and smoke, the baking method comprising a yellowing stage, a color fixing stage, and a tendon drying stage; The yellowing stage includes an early yellowing stage and a main yellowing stage; in the early yellowing stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 36-38°C, at which time the wet-bulb does not dehumidify, and the temperature stabilization time is 4-12 hours; then the dry-bulb temperature rises to 38-40°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 36-37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 14-24 hours; in the main yellowing stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 38-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 37-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 13-22 hours, then the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 36-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 23-25 hours; The color fixing stage includes an early color fixing stage and a late color fixing stage; in the early color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 44°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 46 to 47°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37 to 38°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; in the late color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 48 to 50°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 38°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 54 to 55°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37 to 39°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 11 to 13 hours; in the dry stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 60 to 61°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 40°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 3 to 6 hours; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 67 to 68°C, the wet bulb temperature is raised to 41 to 42°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 23 to 25 hours.
[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a "high-temperature yellowing, gradient dehumidification" baking method. By precisely controlling the temperature and wet-bulb temperature during the yellowing period, combined with a staged dehumidification strategy in the early stage of color fixation, the proportion of ash-containing smoke is significantly reduced, while the proportion of high-quality upper smoke is increased to about 67%.
[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
[0008] Furthermore, in the initial stage of yellowing, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1°C / h.
[0009] Furthermore, in the early stage of yellowing, the wet bulb mainly turns yellow due to moisture retention.
[0010] Furthermore, the main yellowing period includes an early main yellowing period and a late main yellowing period. In the early main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 37-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 18-20 hours; in the late main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 36-37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours.
[0011] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: promoting the rapid degradation of chlorophyll under this temperature and humidity.
[0012] Furthermore, in the early stage of the main yellowing, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 0.5°C / h; in the late stage of the main yellowing, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 0.5°C / h.
[0013] Furthermore, in the early stage of the main yellowing, the wet bulb is mainly used for moisturizing and yellowing; and in the late stage of the main yellowing, the wet bulb is used to ensure that the yellowing and water loss are coordinated.
[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: adopting the three-time delay process to promote the gradient dehumidification of tobacco leaves, so that the moisture content of tobacco leaves is reduced to below 50%.
[0015] Furthermore, in the early stage of color fixing, the heating rate of the dry bulb is 0.5°C / h.
[0016] Furthermore, in the late stage of color fixing, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 0.5°C / h.
[0017] Furthermore, in the early stage of color fixing, the wet bulb ensures that the tobacco leaves lose an appropriate amount of water; in the late stage of color fixing, the wet bulb mainly ensures that the tobacco leaves lose water and dry.
[0018] Furthermore, the beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: promoting the formation of aroma-causing substances.
[0019] Furthermore, the drying stage includes an early drying stage and a late drying stage. In the early drying stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60-61°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 40°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 5-6 hours; in the late drying stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 68°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 42°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 25 hours.
[0020] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is to ensure that the main vein is dried and its water content is reduced to a level that is beneficial for storage or further processing.
[0021] Furthermore, in the early stage of the dry reinforcement, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1°C / h; in the late stage of the dry reinforcement, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1°C / h.
[0022] Furthermore, in the early stage of the drying process, the wet bulb is mainly used to ensure that the main veins of the tobacco leaves lose water and turn brown; in the late stage of the drying process, the wet bulb is mainly used to ensure that the main veins of the tobacco leaves are completely dry.
[0023] Furthermore, the tobacco leaves are Hunan Tobacco No. 3 leaves.
[0024] Furthermore, the tobacco leaves are the 15th to 18th leaves of Xiangyan No. 3 tobacco. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 This is a temperature control curve diagram of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions are used. Where the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments used are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.
[0027] The description of the experimental materials and apparatus is as follows: In Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example, 7 days after topping of Xiangyan No. 3 tobacco in Yuhuangmiao Village, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province in 2024, the leaves of Xiangyan No. 3 were harvested. The upper leaves (leaf positions 15-18) were harvested in a timely manner according to the harvesting and curing schedule. Tobacco leaves with uniform maturity and free of pests and diseases were selected as test materials. Curing was carried out in a downdraft intensive curing barn (2.7m×8m×3.5m, three-layer), with 330 clips of tobacco per oven loaded, and the fresh tobacco weighed 15kg per clip.
[0028] A wet-bulb thermometer is an instrument that measures air humidity by measuring the difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures to calculate relative humidity. A wet-bulb thermometer consists of two thermometers. The dry-bulb thermometer measures the dry temperature of the air, while the wet-bulb thermometer measures the wet temperature through evaporation.
[0029] Example 1: Method for reducing tobacco leaf ash The baking method of reducing tobacco leaf ash in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows: S1, yellowing stage At the initial stage of yellowing, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / h without dehumidification, and the temperature stabilization time is 5 hours; when the dry bulb temperature is 38°C, the wet bulb temperature is set at 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 14 hours; In the early stage of primary yellowing, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature is 38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 20 hours; in the late stage of primary yellowing, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 42°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours; S2, color fixing stage In the early stage of color fixation, the dry-bulb temperature is raised to 44°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature is maintained at 37°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 16 hours; then it is raised to 46°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature is maintained at 37.5°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 16 hours; then it is raised to 48°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature is maintained at 38°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 16 hours; In the late stage of color fixation, the dry bulb temperature was increased to 54°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet bulb temperature was maintained at 39°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 12h; S3, dry muscle stage In the early stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature is 40℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 5h; in the late stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 68℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature does not exceed 42℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 25h.
[0030] Example 2: Baking method 2 for reducing tobacco leaf ash S1, yellowing stage In the early stage of yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 36℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h. The wet bulb does not release moisture during the heating process and the temperature stabilization time is 12h. When the dry bulb temperature is 38℃, the wet bulb temperature rises to 36℃ and the temperature stabilization time is 20h. In the early stage of the main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature increased to 40°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 20 hours; in the late stage of the main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature increased to 42°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature dropped to 36°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 24 hours; S2, color fixing stage In the early stage of color fixation, the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 44°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 14 hours; then the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 47°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 14 hours; finally, the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 50°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 38°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 14 hours; In the late stage of color fixing, the dry bulb temperature was increased to 54°C at a rate of 1°C / h, the wet bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 12h; S3, dry muscle stage In the early stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 40℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 5h; in the late stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 68℃ at 1℃ / h, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 42℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 25h.
[0031] Example 3: Baking method for reducing tobacco leaf ash S1, yellowing stage In the early stage of yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 38°C at a rate of 1°C / h. The wet bulb does not release moisture during the heating process, and the temperature stabilization time is 12 hours. When the dry bulb temperature reaches 40°C, the wet bulb temperature begins to rise naturally to 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours. In the early stage of primary yellowing, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 42°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature is 38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 20 hours; in the late stage of primary yellowing, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 43°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours; S2, color fixing stage In the early stage of color fixation, the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 44°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 18 hours; then the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 46.5°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 18 hours; finally, the dry-bulb temperature was increased to 48.5°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was maintained at 38°C, and the temperature was kept stable for 18 hours; In the late stage of color fixing, the dry bulb temperature was increased to 55°C at a rate of 1°C / h, the wet bulb temperature was maintained at 37°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 13h; S3, dry muscle stage In the early stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rose to 61°C at a rate of 1°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was 40°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 6 hours; in the late stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rose to 68°C at a rate of 1°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature was 42°C, and the temperature stabilization time was 25 hours.
[0032] Comparative Example 1: Baking method for reducing tobacco leaf ash S1, yellowing stage At the initial stage of yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 38°C. The wet bulb does not release moisture during the heating process and the temperature stabilization time is 10 hours. When the dry bulb temperature is 38°C, the wet bulb temperature begins to rise to 37°C and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours. In the early stage of primary yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 40℃, the wet bulb temperature rises to 38℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 16h; in the late stage of primary yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 42℃, the wet bulb temperature drops to 37℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 20h; S2, color fixing stage In the early stage of color fixing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 44℃, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 36℃, and the temperature is kept stable for 12 hours; then the dry bulb temperature rises to 46℃, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 36℃, and the temperature is kept stable for 12 hours; finally, the dry bulb temperature rises to 48℃, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37℃, and the temperature is kept stable for 15 hours; In the late stage of color fixing, the dry bulb temperature rises to 54°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 39°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 12h; S3, dry muscle stage In the early stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60℃, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 40℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 5h; in the late stage of drying, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 68℃, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 42℃, and the temperature stabilization time is 25h.
[0033] Test example: According to GB / T 2635-1992 "Flue-cured Tobacco" standard, five professionally trained and certified graders conducted statistics on the types and proportions of bad tobacco, the proportion of high-quality tobacco, the proportion of orange tobacco, and energy consumption of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3: Table 1 Group Flue-cured tobacco (%) Ash smoke (%) Steamed tobacco (%) Example 1 1.2 4 1.1 Example 2 1.2 5.8 1.8 Example 3 1.1 6.4 3.5 Comparative Example 1 3.5 11 1.2 Increase / decrease rate (%) 65.7 63.6 8.3 Table 2 Table 3 From Tables 1 to 3, we can get: (1) The proportion of ash-containing smoke is significantly reduced: By inhibiting the activity of polyphenol oxidase through high-temperature yellowing (40-42°C) and combining gradient moisture removal, the proportion of ash-containing smoke in Examples 1 to 3 is significantly reduced, which is 63.6% lower than that in Comparative Example 1 (11%).
[0034] (2) Improved quality and economy: Compared with the comparative example, the proportion of high-quality tobacco in Examples 1 to 3 increased by 7.2 percentage points, the proportion of orange tobacco increased by 11.3 percentage points, and the average price increased by 1.80 yuan / kg.
[0035] (3) Energy saving and efficiency improvement: The energy consumption cost of Examples 1 to 3 was reduced by 0.23 yuan / kg dry cigarette.
[0036] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for reducing tobacco leaf ash and smoke, characterized in that: The baking method includes a yellowing stage, a color fixing stage, and a tendon drying stage; The yellowing stage includes an early yellowing stage and a main yellowing stage; in the early yellowing stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 36-38°C, at which time the wet-bulb does not dehumidify, and the temperature stabilization time is 4-12 hours; then the dry-bulb temperature rises to 38-40°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 36-37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 14-24 hours; in the main yellowing stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 38-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 37-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 13-22 hours, then the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 36-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 23-25 hours; The color fixing stage includes an early color fixing stage and a late color fixing stage; in the early color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 44°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 46 to 47°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37 to 38°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; in the late color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 48 to 50°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 38°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 14 to 18 hours; then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 54 to 55°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 37 to 39°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 11 to 13 hours; in the dry stage, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 60 to 61°C, the wet bulb temperature is maintained at 40°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 3 to 6 hours, then the dry bulb temperature is raised to 67 to 68°C, the wet bulb temperature is raised to 41 to 42°C, and the temperature is kept stable for 23 to 25 hours.
2. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: In the initial stage of yellowing, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1° C. / h.
3. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: The main yellowing period includes the early main yellowing period and the late main yellowing period. In the early main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 37-38°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 18-20 hours; in the late main yellowing period, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 40-42°C, the wet-bulb temperature drops to 36-37°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 24 hours.
4. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 3, wherein: In the early stage of the main yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rise rate is 0.5°C / h; in the late stage of the main yellowing, the dry bulb temperature rise rate is 0.5°C / h.
5. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: In the early stage of color fixing, the heating rate of the dry bulb is 0.5° C. / h.
6. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: In the later stage of color fixing, the heating rate of the dry bulb is 0.5° C. / h.
7. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: The drying stage includes the early drying stage and the late drying stage. In the early drying stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 60-61°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 40°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 5-6 hours; in the late drying stage, the dry-bulb temperature rises to 68°C, the wet-bulb temperature rises to 42°C, and the temperature stabilization time is 25 hours.
8. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 7, wherein: In the early stage of the dry reinforcement, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1 / h; in the late stage of the dry reinforcement, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb is 1°C / h.
9. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 1, wherein: The tobacco leaves are Hunan Tobacco No. 3 leaves.
10. The method for reducing tobacco ash content according to claim 9, wherein: The tobacco leaves are the 15th to 18th leaves of Xiangyan No. 3 tobacco.