Sidelink communication

Abstract

The disclosure of the present specification provides a method by which a UE performs communication. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a sidelink signal from another UE; and performing a sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the sidelink signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to radio communications. Background Art

[0002] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for high-speed packet communications. Many proposals have been made for LTE, including those aimed at reducing user and provider costs, improving service quality, and expanding and increasing coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption in terminals as upper layer requirements.

[0003] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP have begun developing requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and the longer-term requirements outlined by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR should be able to use any spectrum band available for wireless communications, at least up to 100 GHz, even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements, and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward-compatible.

[0005] In the prior art, user equipment (UE) cannot perform sidelink communications in unlicensed bands. For example, there is no specific method for a UE to perform sidelink communications in unlicensed bands. As a result, it is impossible to accurately and / or efficiently perform measurements in sidelink communications in unlicensed bands. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect, a method for a UE to perform communication is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps: receiving a sidelink signal from another UE; and performing a sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the sidelink signal.

[0008] In another aspect, a device for implementing the method is provided.

[0009] In one aspect, a method for a UE to perform communication is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps: transmitting a sidelink signal to another UE.

[0010] In another aspect, a device for implementing the method is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 The present invention illustrates a process in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication based on a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 7 An example of a process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 8 An example of the operation of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL.

[0020] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in the DL and SC-FDMA in the UL. 3GPP LTE's evolutions include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0021] For ease of description, implementations of the present disclosure will be primarily described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0022] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0023] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B, and C."

[0024] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0025] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as “at least one of A and B”.

[0026] In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.” In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C.”

[0027] In addition, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0028] The technical features described separately in one drawing of the present disclosure can be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0029] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0030] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0031] Although a user equipment (UE) is illustrated in the drawings by way of example, the illustrated UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile equipment (ME), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or may be a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

[0032] In the following, a UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device or wireless equipment) capable of wireless communication. Operations performed by a UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. A wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless equipment, etc. In the following, an AMF may refer to an AMF node, an SMF may refer to an SMF node, and a UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0033] A base station as used hereinafter generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices and may also be referred to as an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), evolved NodeB (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), access point, and next generation NodeB (gNB).

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0035] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown in are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0036] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) category.

[0037] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, and others may focus solely on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G supports these various use cases with a flexible and reliable approach.

[0038] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile internet access and encompasses a wide range of two-way operations in the cloud and augmented reality, as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be provided. In 5G, it is expected that voice will be simply handled by applications using the data connection provided by the communication system. The main reasons for the increase in traffic volume are the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications requiring high data transfer rates. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will become more widely used. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the growth of uplink data transfer rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using tactile interfaces, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud gaming and video streaming) is another core element that is increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere, including in highly mobile environments like trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data throughput.

[0039] One of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all areas (i.e., mMTC). The number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories that will play a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0040] URLLC includes new services (e.g., autonomous vehicles) that will transform industries through remote control and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links of key infrastructure. To control smart grids, automate industry, enable robotics, and control and regulate drones, the level of reliability and latency is critical.

[0041] 5G is a means of providing streaming services estimated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second, and can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speeds are needed to deliver 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) resolution TV as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sports games. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to merge core servers into the network operator's edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0042] Along with numerous use cases for mobile communications in vehicles, automobiles are expected to become a significant new driver in 5G. For example, passenger entertainment requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connections, regardless of their location or speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is augmented reality (AR) dashboards. AR dashboards allow drivers to identify objects in the dark, in addition to those visible through the front window, and display distance to and movement of objects by overlaying information to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (e.g., devices attached to pedestrians). Safety systems will guide alternative behavior processes to enable drivers to drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires extremely high reliability and extremely fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on unusual traffic events that the vehicle cannot identify. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to a level unattainable by humans.

[0043] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, often referred to as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy conservation maintenance in cities or homes. Similar configurations can be implemented for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms, and household appliances will all be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transmission rates, power consumption, and cost. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video for monitoring.

[0044] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat and gas, is distributed at a higher level, necessitating automated control via distributed sensor networks. Smart grids collect information and use digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other and act upon this information. Because this information can include the behavior of both utility companies and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels, such as electricity, through methods that enhance efficiency, reliability, economic viability, sustainable production, and automation. Smart grids can also be considered another sensor network with low latency.

[0045] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use cases. The health sector encompasses many applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems can support telemedicine, which provides clinical treatment in remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are often unavailable in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform important treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Mobile-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0046] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the potential to replace cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial sectors. However, to achieve this replacement, wireless connections must be established with latency, reliability, and capacity similar to cables, and management of wireless connections must be simplified. When it comes to connecting to 5G, low latency and a very low probability of error are new requirements.

[0047] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, allowing inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight use cases typically require low data rates but require location information with wide range and reliability.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1 A 5G network is shown as an example of the network of the communication system 1 , but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0049] The BS 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices may operate as BSs / network nodes relative to other wireless devices.

[0050] Wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliance devices, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0051] In the present disclosure, wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0052] A UAV may be, for example, an aircraft that is flown by wireless control signals without humans on board.

[0053] VR devices may include, for example, devices for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world. AR devices may include, for example, devices that realize this by connecting objects or backgrounds in a virtual world to objects or backgrounds in the real world. MR devices may include, for example, devices that realize this by merging objects or backgrounds in a virtual world into objects or backgrounds in the real world. Holographic devices may include, for example, devices that realize 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using the interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers meet, known as holography.

[0054] Public safety devices may include, for example, image relay devices or image devices wearable on a user's body.

[0055] MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, for example, such as smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0056] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or disorder. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for surgery.

[0057] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, the safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0058] For example, a FinTech device may be a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0059] Weather / environmental devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0060] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G network (e.g., LTE), a 5G network (e.g., NR), and a beyond 5G network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through BS 200 / network 300. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0061] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BS 200. Herein, wireless communications / connections may be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). Wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and at least a portion of the resource allocation process can be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0062] AI refers to the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems addressed in the field of AI and the methods used to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that improve the performance of tasks through consistent experience with the task.

[0063] A robot is a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task through its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot that has the ability to recognize its environment and perform self-determination to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified as industrial, medical, household, military, etc. Robots can use actuators or motors to perform various physical operations such as moving robot joints. Mobile robots also include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. on the drive, allowing them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0064] Autonomous driving means the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include maintaining lane movement, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0065] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology only provides real-world objects and backgrounds through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real-world object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they show real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a complementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same characteristics.

[0066] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0067] The NR frequency band can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values of the frequency ranges can be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean "below 6 GHz range", FR2 can mean "above 6 GHz range", and can be called millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 can include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples of Tables 1 and 2.

[0068] [Table 1]

[0069]

[0070] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band can be used for various purposes (e.g., for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0071] [Table 2]

[0072]

[0073] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology can generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0074] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0075] Reference Figure 2 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit / receive radio signals to / from an external device through various RATs (eg, LTE and NR).

[0076] exist Figure 2 In the example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0077] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0078] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 104 ). Figure 2 The memory 104 is exemplarily shown as being included in the processing chip 101. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101.

[0079] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0080] Memory 104 may be operatively connected to processor 102. Memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 104 may store software code 105 that implements instructions that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0081] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0082] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0083] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 204 ). Figure 2The memory 204 is exemplarily shown to be included in the processing chip 201. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201.

[0084] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0085] Memory 204 may be operatively connected to processor 202. Memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 204 may store software code 205 that implements instructions that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0086] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0087] In the following, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the generated signal to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information.

[0088] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets.

[0089] One or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, flash memory, computer-readable storage media and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0090] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0091] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0092] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. may be processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive the OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0093] In implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). Within implementations of the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. Hereinafter, for ease of description, it is primarily assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a base station (BS). For example, the processor 102 connected to, installed on, or activated in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform UE behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure, or to control the transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure. The processor 202 connected to, installed on, or activated in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform BS behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure, or to control the transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to implementations of the present disclosure.

[0094] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), or a gNB.

[0095] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0096] Can be based on use case / service (see Figure 1 ) Wireless devices are implemented in various forms.

[0097] Reference Figure 3, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Figure 2 The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 2 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 2 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Figure 2 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 2 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 can transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0098] The additional component 140 may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be configured in the form of, but not limited to, robots ( Figure 1 100a), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 1 100c), handheld device ( Figure 1 100d), household appliances ( Figure 1 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, FinTech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 1 400), BS( Figure 1in the form of wireless devices 100 and 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0099] In Figure 3 , all of the various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by a RAM, a DRAM, a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof. <00,00241><00,00242><NR's operating frequency band><00,00243><00,00244>The operating frequency bands in NR are as follows. <00,00245><00,00246>The operating frequency bands in Table 3 below are the operating frequency bands converted (refarmed) from the operating frequency bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be referred to as the FR1 band. <,00247><00,00248>[Table 3]<00,00249><00,00250><00,00251><00,00252><00,00253>The following table shows the NR operating frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band. <00,00254><00,00255>[Table 4]<00,00256><00,00257><00,00258><00,00259><00,00260><Overview of 6G system><00,00261><00,00262>The 6G (wireless communication) system has objectives such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The concept of the 6G system can include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity," "deep connectivity," "holographic connectivity," and "universal connectivity," and the 6G system can meet the requirements shown in Table 5 below. That is, Table 5 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0110] [Table 5]

[0111] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite Integration completely AI completely autonomous vehicles completely XR completely Tactile communication completely

[0112] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI-integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0113] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0114] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become a more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1ms. At this time, unlike the frequently used regional spectrum efficiency, the 6G system can have much better volume spectrum efficiency (volumetric spectrum efficiency). The 6G system can provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life. Therefore, in the 6G system, mobile devices may not need to be charged separately. In addition, in 6G, new network characteristics may be as follows.

[0115] -Satellite-integrated network: To provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into a wireless communication system is likely to be very important for 6G.

[0116] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connecting intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal processing process described below).

[0117] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0118] -Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions from drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity in 6G.

[0119] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be as follows

[0120] Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency in cellular systems, thereby enhancing received signal quality. Therefore, small cell networks are a fundamental feature of 5G and beyond (5Gb) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0121] Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-layer networks composed of heterogeneous networks will improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0122] - High Capacity Backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high capacity backhaul network in order to support high capacity traffic. High speed optical fibers and free space optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0123] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0124] -Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important features that underlie the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. In addition, shared physical infrastructure can share billions of devices.

[0125] <Core Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0126] AI

[0127] The most important technology in 6G systems, and one that will be introduced the latest, is AI. 4G systems do not utilize AI. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI for full automation. Advances in machine learning in 6G will create smarter networks for real-time communications. The introduction of AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how to perform complex targeted operations. This means improving efficiency and reducing processing latency.

[0128] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can even play an important role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can enable fast communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be powered by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, smart cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0129] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has been concentrated in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research has gradually developed to the MAC layer and physical layer, and specifically, attempts have begun to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms instead of traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it can include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0130] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0131] Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to perform tasks that are difficult or impossible for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0132] Neural network learning aims to minimize output error. This involves repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the neural network's output and the target for the training data, and then backpropagating the error from the neural network's output layer to the input layer to reduce the error and update the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0133] Supervised learning can use training data marked with the correct answer, and unsupervised learning can use training data that is not marked with the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be marked with categories. The marked training data can be input into the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node of each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the neural network for the input data and the back-propagation of the error can configure a learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to improve efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later stages of learning, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0134] The learning method can be varied depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict the data sent from the transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0135] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning that uses a neural network structure with high complexity (such as an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0136] The neural network core used as a learning method can generally include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). Such learning models are applicable.

[0137] THz (terahertz) communication

[0138] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using (sub-THz) sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also known as submillimeter radiation) generally refer to the frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, where the corresponding wavelength is in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz frequency band range (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. When the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. The 300GHz to 3THz in the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band has similarities with RF.

[0139] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0140] The key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (for which highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a larger number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this frequency band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive deployment techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0141] Massive MIMO

[0142] One of the core technologies for improving spectral efficiency is MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also increases. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Because MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing and beamforming management techniques suitable for the THz band should be considered to transmit data signals through one or more paths.

[0143] Holographic beamforming

[0144] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratios, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective method for efficiently and flexibly transmitting and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0145] Optical wireless technology

[0146] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) light to carry signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WANs), and in-vehicle networks.

[0147] VLC has several advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is idle / licensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as airplanes and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks (i.e., visible light) cannot pass through walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect users' privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0148] Free-space optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), external space, and a vacuum to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate in near-infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), providing a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0149] In addition to RF-based communications for all possible devices to access networks, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communications. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and optical band-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technologies can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0150] Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) also operates in optical bands and could be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications. LiDAR is a long-range sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object, and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in cars.

[0151] FSO backhaul network

[0152] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Therefore, FSO is a promising technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems, along with fiber optic networks. Using FSO, extremely long-distance communications, even at distances of 10,000 km or more, are possible. FSO supports a wide range of backhaul connections for both remote and non-remote areas, such as oceans, space, underwater, and islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

[0153] Non-terrestrial Network (NTN)

[0154] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically expanded user communications. 3D base stations will be delivered via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in altitude and the associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR considers non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a means of achieving this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user devices: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0155] - One or more sat gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0156] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat gateway.

[0157] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between the continuously served satellite gateways, with a duration sufficient to allow for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0158] - Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0159] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0160] Satellites (or UAS platforms) can implement either transparent payloads or regenerative (with onboard processing) payloads. Beams generated by satellites (or UAS platforms) typically generate multiple beams for a given service area, depending on the field of view. The beam footprint is typically elliptical. The field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0161] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0162] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as having all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0163] - For satellite deployment, optionally, an inter-satellite link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0164] - The user equipment is served by the satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0165] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0166] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0167] Quantum communication

[0168] Quantum communication is the next generation of communication technology, which can overcome the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing, etc.) by applying quantum mechanics properties to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, sending, processing and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 according to the binary bit information used in existing communication technology. In conventional communication technology, wavelength or amplitude is used to send information between a transmitter and a receiver, but in quantum communication, photons as the smallest light unit are used to send information between a transmitter and a receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. In addition, quantum communication can also use quantum entanglement to achieve ultra-high-speed communication under certain conditions.

[0169] No cell communication

[0170] Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is key in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to manually configure their devices. The optimal network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in dense networks, leading to handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these challenges and provide improved QoS.

[0171] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) collaborate to serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU". A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form an AP cluster, among which the method of configuring an AP cluster to significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of a terminal is called a terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By adopting this device-centric AP clustering technology, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, so there is no inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0172] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0173] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-charging wireless systems. Therefore, 6G communication will support devices without batteries.

[0174] Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0175] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0176] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0177] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). In order to cope with the very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access network and the backhaul network.

[0178] Big Data Analysis

[0179] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze large datasets, or "big data." This process uncovers hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer insights to ensure comprehensive data management. Big data is collected from a variety of sources, such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0180] Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0181] There is a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is called a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from previous design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for SRE-enabled reconfigurable smart antennas (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology), including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0182] In the case of THz band signals, the strong nature of the signals creates numerous shadow areas caused by obstacles. RIS technology is important for expanding communication ranges by installing RIS near these shadow areas, thereby enhancing communication stability and enabling additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can modify the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS can be considered an extension of Massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism. RIS also offers the advantage of lower power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, meaning it passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. Furthermore, each passive reflector in a RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift with the help of a RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver, increasing the received signal power.

[0183] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are RIS that can adjust transmission and refraction properties, and these RIS are mainly used for O2I (outdoor to indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS) that provides transmission while reflecting has also been actively studied.

[0184] metaverse

[0185] Metaverse is a portmanteau of the words "meta" meaning virtual, "transcendent" meaning space, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where the same social and economic activities as in the real world are common.

[0186] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology enabling the Metaverse, is the fusion of the virtual and real, extending the reality experience and providing a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0187] Autonomous driving, self-driving

[0188] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change times. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various road elements and share information (such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)) for autonomous driving.

[0189] To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver to proactively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information required to be sent and received will be enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0190] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

[0191] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed data wireless connections. The base station is physically installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have specific features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and the freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology contributes to the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered to be one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0192] Blockchain

[0193] Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized organization or server. Blockchain data is collected and organized into blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT with improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions, such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0194] V2X or SL communication is described below.

[0195] The side link synchronization signal (SLSS) may include a primary side link synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary side link synchronization signal (SSSS) as SL specific sequences. The PSSS may be referred to as a side link primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a side link secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a length-127M sequence may be used for the S-PSS, and a length-127Gold sequence may be used for the S-SSS. For example, the terminal may use the S-PSS to perform initial signal detection and obtain motivation. For example, the terminal may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS to obtain detailed synchronization and may detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0196] The physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a channel for transmitting (or broadcasting) basic information (e.g., system information) that a terminal must first know before transmitting or receiving SL signaling. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), time division duplex uplink / downlink (TDD UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, application type related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, for the evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

[0197] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., sidelink synchronization signal (S-SS) / PSBCH block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same new parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can be within the (pre) configured sidelink BWP (SL BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB can be 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH can span 11 RBs. And, the frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-)set. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection for frequency to discover the S-SSB on the carrier.

[0198] Figure 6 The present invention illustrates a process in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0199] Figure 6 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with the various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode may be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for ease of description, the transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as the LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR may be referred to as the NR resource allocation mode.

[0200] For example, Figure 6 (a) illustrates terminal operations associated with LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Figure 6 (a) illustrates terminal operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to typical SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0201] For example, Figure 6 (b) illustrates terminal operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Figure 6(b) illustrates terminal operation associated with NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0202] Reference Figure 6 (a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S600, the base station may send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0203] For example, the first terminal may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configuration grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, the CG resources may include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In the present disclosure, DG resources may be resources that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In the present disclosure, CG resources may be (periodic) resources that the base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, for CG type 1 resources, the base station may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first terminal. For example, for CG type 2 resources, the base station may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first terminal, and the base station may send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first terminal.

[0204] In step S610, based on resource scheduling, the first terminal may send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or first-level SCI) to the second terminal. In step S620, the first terminal may send a PSSCH related to the PSCCH (e.g., second-level SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) to the second terminal. In step S630, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S640, the first terminal may send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via the PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a preconfigured rule. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL. For example, the format of the DCI may be DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1.

[0205] Reference Figure 6(b), in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4 or NR resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the SL transmission resources within the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can select or schedule resources for SL transmission by itself. For example, the terminal can select resources within a set resource pool to perform SL communication by itself. For example, the terminal can perform a sensing and resource (re)selection process to select resources by itself within a selection window. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S610, after selecting resources within the resource pool by itself, the first terminal can use the resources to send a PSCCH (e.g., side link control information (SCI) or a first-level SCI) to the second terminal. In step S620, the first terminal can send a PSSCH related to the PSCCH (e.g., a second-level SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) to the second terminal. In step S630, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0206] Reference Figure 6 (a) or (b), for example, the first terminal may send SCI to the second terminal on the PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first terminal may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., second-level SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., second-level SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present disclosure, the SCI sent on the PSCCH may be referred to as the 1st SCI, the first SCI, the first-level SCI, or the first-level SCI format, and the SCI sent on the PSSCH may be referred to as the 2nd SCI, the second SCI, the second-level SCI, or the second-level SCI format. For example, the first-level SCI format may include SCI format 1-A, and the second-level SCI format may include SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B.

[0207] Reference Figure 6 In (a) or (b), at step S630, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine a PSFCH resource, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0208] Reference Figure 6 (a), in step S640, the first terminal can send SLHARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0209] In the prior art, user equipment (UE) cannot perform sidelink communications in unlicensed bands. For example, there is no specific method for a UE to perform sidelink communications in unlicensed bands. As a result, it is impossible to accurately and / or efficiently perform measurements in sidelink communications in unlicensed bands.

[0210] When a UE performs sidelink communication in a licensed band, there is a single transmission timing within a single time slot. On the other hand, in the case of sidelink communication in an unlicensed band (e.g., Sidelink License-Unlimited (SL-U) communication), multiple transmission timings can exist within a single time slot. However, measurements that take multiple transmission timings into account have not been discussed in the past.

[0211] Hereinafter, an example in which a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs side link communication based on an unlicensed band will be described.

[0212] Sidelink communication can be performed in an unlicensed band. For transmission resource configuration, the UE can measure the L1 sidelink reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) and / or the sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL-RSSI). According to various examples of the present disclosure, when performing such measurements, two or more transmission timing points within a single time slot can be considered. An example of how a terminal (e.g., UE) performs measurements based on two or more transmission times is described. In addition, an example of how to select a measurement value when there are two or more measurement results is described.

[0213] Sidelink communication can be performed in a license-free band (SL-U). In this case, the sidelink UE (hereinafter, terminal and sidelink UE are used as terms with the same meaning) must perform an LBT (Listen Before Talk) operation for channel access before sending a signal. The sidelink UE (e.g., terminal) can send a signal after occupying the channel through the LBT operation. The time for occupying the channel (e.g., channel occupation time: COT) can be configured. The COT can be shared with the terminal receiving the signal, and when the terminal sends a signal, the terminal can send a signal based on the COT.

[0214] Terminals supporting the side link can perform operations such as initiating SLSS transmission, synchronization reference source, resource selection, resource preemption, and congestion control. To perform these operations, terminals supporting the side link can measure PSBCH-RSRP, SL-RSRP, and SL-RSSI.

[0215] The terminal can perform sidelink communication in an unlicensed band. In this case, the operation and measurement time of the terminal performing the measurement may vary depending on whether the terminal sending the measurement resource is in LBT mode. For example, when the terminal performs the above-mentioned measurements (e.g., PSBCH-RSRP, SL-RSRP, SL-RSSI, etc.), the measurement time and operation may vary depending on whether the terminal sending the measurement resource is in LBT mode.

[0216] In various examples of the present disclosure, examples of synchronization reference source selection / reselection and resource preemption operations of a sidelink terminal in an unlicensed band are described.

[0217] A terminal may perform the following operations to transmit a signal. For example, the terminal may sense the resource pool using Layer 1 (L1) SL-RSRP (PSSCH-RSRP or PSCCH-RSRP, hereinafter referred to as SL-RSRP). Based on this sensing, the terminal may select a resource for transmitting its signal from among candidate resources not used by other terminals.

[0218] The terminal may also select resources selected by other terminals. For example, if i) the priority of the resource selected by the terminal is higher than the data priority of the sensed SCI of the other terminal, and ii) the SL-RSRP of the resource selected by the terminal is lower, the terminal may select the resource selected by the other terminal.

[0219] The terminal may also perform re-evaluation and / or resource reselection immediately before sending a signal (e.g., a sidelink signal) based on the selected resource. For example, immediately before sending a signal (e.g., a sidelink signal) based on the selected resource, the terminal may perform the following operations. For example, the terminal may re-evaluate the selected resource based on the SCI and SL-RSRP of other terminals received after resource selection. The terminal may also perform resource reselection based on the re-evaluation.

[0220] A terminal may transmit signals based on multiple continuous time resources. For example, such transmission may be referred to as multi-continuous time slot transmission. A terminal may perform resource selection / reselection or resource preemption within multiple continuous resource times. For resource selection / reselection or resource preemption within multiple resource times, the terminal may measure the SL-RSRP. When measuring the SL-RSRP, the terminal may measure the SL-RSRP based on continuous resources. The terminal must perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption based on the SL-RSRP measurement results for the continuous resources.

[0221] In other words, the SL-RSRP measurement period can be defined as a set or considered continuous resource time (multiple continuous time slots). The SL-RSRP measurement must meet the required measurement accuracy. The criteria for SL-RSRP measurement performed by the terminal for resource selection / reselection and resource preemption operations can be considered as shown in the following example:

[0222] - The terminal may perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption based on the maximum SL-RSRP among the configured measurement resources within the SL-RSRP measurement period; or

[0223] - The terminal may perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption based on the average SL-RSRP of the configured measurement resources within the SL-RSRP measurement period; or

[0224] - The terminal may perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption based on the minimum SL-RSRP among the SL-RSRPs of the configured measurement resources within the SL-RSRP measurement period.

[0225] SL-discontinuous reception (DRX) may be configured in the terminal. In this case, during the SL-RSRP measurement period, the terminal may not perform a DRX off operation for SL-RSRP measurement. In this case, the terminal may maintain the DRX on duration during the SL-RSRP measurement period.

[0226] When a terminal measures SL-RSRP, there may be multiple signal transmission times within a time slot in SL-U. In other words, the transmission time within a time slot may vary depending on the LBT result. In this case, the sensing terminal measures all SL-RSRP values at multiple transmission start times within the time slot.

[0227] The terminal performs sensing based on all SL-RSRPs measured in a time slot or measurement period, and selects a resource for transmitting its own signal from among resource candidates not used by other terminals. The following example can be considered as a criterion for SL-RSRP measurement for resource selection / reselection and resource preemption operations for all SL-RSRPs measured in a time slot or measurement period:

[0228] - Based on the maximum SL-RSRP among all SL-RSRPs measured within a single time slot or measurement period, the terminal may perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption; or

[0229] - Based on the average of all SL-RSRP values measured within a single time slot or measurement period, the terminal can perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption; or

[0230] - Based on the minimum SL-RSRP among all SL-RSRPs measured within a single time slot or measurement period, the terminal can perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption.

[0231] The terminal may determine resource selection / reselection by comparing the measured SL-RSRP with the SL RSRP threshold. For example, if the measured SL RSRP is less than the SL RSRP threshold, the terminal may select / reselect the resource for which the SL-RSRP was measured as a candidate resource. If the ratio of the selected / reselected resources is less than a configured specific value (e.g., 20%, 35%, 50%), the terminal may increase the SL RSRP threshold and perform resource selection / reselection again.

[0232] For example, when selecting candidate resources for the SL terminal to transmit, the SL-RSRP may be measured, and resources below the SL-RSRP threshold may be selected as candidate resources. In this case, the selected candidate resources may be less than a predetermined percentage (e.g., 20%, 35%, 50%) of the total candidate resources. In this case, in order to increase the selection ratio of candidate resources, the SL terminal may increase the SL-RSRP threshold by 3dB to select candidate resources.

[0233] The terminal can measure the SL-RSSI for congestion control. Here, for example, congestion control can be performed by estimating the channel busy rate.

[0234] In SL-U (side link communication based on unlicensed band), the signal transmission timing in a single time slot can be multiple. For example, according to LBT, in SL-U, the signal transmission timing can be at the beginning of the time slot or in the middle of the time slot.

[0235] In this case, if the terminal measures the SL-RSSI for all symbols in the time slot, the accuracy of the SL-RSSI may be reduced. Alternatively, congestion control may not work properly due to incorrect SL-RSSI measurement.

[0236] To solve these problems, the terminal may measure the SL-RSSI based on the SL-RSSI measurement timing (eg, symbol index or offset) and / or the number of measurement symbols.

[0237] For example, if there are multiple transmission times for a signal in a single time slot, a second candidate start symbol may be set. The first candidate start symbol may refer to the first transmission time among the multiple transmission times. If the second candidate start symbol is configured, the terminal may perform congestion control measurements (e.g., measurements for congestion control). For congestion control, the terminal may perform SL-RSSI measurements. In this case, one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from the next symbol of the second candidate start symbol may be used for SL-RSSI measurements.

[0238] Alternatively, the terminal may measure the SL-RSSI of each subchannel of the resource pool based on a half-slot unit. The terminal may consider each of the measured partial SL-RSSI values. In order to perform congestion control based on a partial slot (e.g., half-slot) unit, the terminal may perform measurements such as a channel busy rate based on the partial SL-RSSI value. Alternatively, the terminal may perform congestion control based on the maximum, minimum, or average value of the SL-RSSI measurement values for the partial slots. For example, the terminal may perform measurements such as a channel busy rate based on the maximum, minimum, or average value of the SL-RSSI measurement values.

[0239] To perform congestion control based on partial time slots, the terminal can measure the channel busy rate. In this case, the terminal can only perform measurements in partial time slots when the difference between the SL-RSSI measurements of the partial time slots is greater than a certain value (e.g., delta SL-RSSIth). For example, delta SL-RSSIth can be configured by the network or pre-configured in the terminal.

[0240] For continuous resources, the terminal can select / reselect and preempt resources. In this case, similar to the various examples above, the terminal can measure the SL-RSSI based on a time slot or a partial time slot. Based on this SL-RSSI, the terminal can measure the channel busy rate for congestion control.

[0241] The multiple transmission points described in various examples of this disclosure may be set as shown in the following examples.

[0242] Within a slot, PSSCH resource allocation begins at the symbol corresponding to sl-StartSymbol+1, except when startingSymbolFirst and startingSymbolSecond are provided for SL-BWP. For example, the network (e.g., base station) can perform resource allocation, or resource allocation can be preconfigured. Alternatively, the UE can perform resource allocation directly. For example, the network (e.g., base station) can provide startingSymbolFirst and startingSymbolSecond, or startingSymbolFirst and startingSymbolSecond can be preconfigured. Alternatively, the UE can also directly set startingSymbolFirst and startingSymbolSecond.

[0243] StartingSymbolFirst and StartingSymbolSecond can be provided for SL-BWP. In this case, for a time slot without PSFCH symbols, there are two candidate starting symbols for PSSCH transmission. PSSCH resource allocation starts from the symbol after each candidate starting symbol.

[0244] Within a single slot, the UE may use the second candidate starting symbol provided by startingSymbolSecond. The UE may use the second candidate starting symbol only if it cannot access the channel before the first starting symbol provided by startingSymbolFirst. The UE must not use the second starting symbol in a slot that includes a PSFCH symbol.

[0245] Here, startingSymbolFirst indicates the position of the first starting symbol within the time slot. For example, startingSymbolFirst may include information such as ENUMERATED{sym0,sym1,sym2,sym3,sym4,sym5,sym6}. PSCCH / PSSCH transmissions starting from the first starting symbol or the second starting symbol must have the same ending symbol within the time slot.

[0246] Here, startingSymbolSecond indicates the position of the second starting symbol within the time slot. StartingSymbolSecond can include information such as ENUMERATED{sym3,sym4,sym5,sym6,sym7}. PSCCH / PSSCH transmissions starting from the first starting symbol or the second starting symbol must have the same ending symbol within the time slot.

[0247] The following figures are provided to illustrate specific examples of the present disclosure. The specific names of the devices, signals / messages / fields, etc. shown in the figures are merely illustrative examples, and the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the figures.

[0248] Figure 7 An example of a process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0249] Figure 7 The scope of this disclosure is not limited to Figure 7 For example, the operations and contents described in the above various examples can also be applied to Figure 7 Example shown.

[0250] For example, Figure 7 The UE1 and UE2 shown in the example of FIG can perform operations according to the various examples described above. Figure 7 The base station (eg, gNB) is not shown in the example, but this is only an example. The base station may perform communication with UE1 and / or UE2. For example, UE1 and UE2 may correspond to Figure 6 Alternatively, UE1 and UE2 may correspond to Figure 6 For example, the base station may send measurement setting information to UE1 and / or UE2.

[0251] In step S701, UE2 may transmit a sidelink signal to UE1. The sidelink signal may be a signal used for sidelink communication. For example, the sidelink signal may be PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, PSSS, SSSS, or PSBCH.

[0252] In step S702, UE1 may perform measurement. For example, UE1 may perform measurement based on the sidelink signal. For example, UE1 may measure SL-RSRP and / or SL-RSSI based on the sidelink signal.

[0253] For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSSI measurements based on the received sidelink signal. For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSSI measurements for congestion control. If a second candidate start symbol is configured, one or more OFDM symbols starting from the symbol after the second candidate start symbol may be used for SL-RSSI measurements for congestion control.

[0254] For the SL bandwidth part (SL BWP) for transmitting the sidelink signal, the first candidate start symbol and the second candidate start symbol for transmitting the sidelink signal (eg, PSSCH) can be set. PSSCH resources can be allocated from the next symbol of each candidate start symbol.

[0255] For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSRP measurement based on the sidelink signal. UE may perform resource selection, resource reselection, or resource preemption for sidelink communication based on the SL-RSRP measurement.

[0256] The measurement period for SL-RSRP measurement or SL-RSSI measurement may include consecutive time slots. The UE may perform SL-RSRP measurement based on such a measurement period.

[0257] The UE may receive a measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement from the base station. Alternatively, the UE may configure the measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement. Alternatively, the measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement may be pre-configured in the UE.

[0258] Figure 8 An example of the operation of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0259] Figure 8 The scope of this disclosure is not limited to Figure 8 For example, the operations and contents described in the above various examples can also be applied to Figure 8 Example shown.

[0260] Figure 8 The UE in can be Figure 7 UE1 or UE2 in.

[0261] In step S801, UE1 may receive a sidelink signal from UE2. The sidelink signal may be a signal used for sidelink communication. For example, the sidelink signal may be PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, PSSS, SSSS, or PSBCH.

[0262] In step S802, UE1 may perform measurement. For example, UE1 may perform measurement based on the sidelink signal. For example, UE1 may measure SL-RSRP and / or SL-RSSI based on the sidelink signal.

[0263] For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSSI measurements based on the received sidelink signal. For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSSI measurements for congestion control. If a second candidate start symbol is configured, one or more OFDM symbols starting from the symbol after the second candidate start symbol may be used for SL-RSSI measurements for congestion control.

[0264] For the SL bandwidth part (SL BWP) for transmitting the sidelink signal, the first candidate start symbol and the second candidate start symbol for transmitting the sidelink signal (eg, PSSCH) can be configured. PSSCH resources can be allocated from the next symbol of each candidate start symbol.

[0265] For example, UE1 may perform SL-RSRP measurement based on the sidelink signal. UE may perform resource selection, resource reselection, or resource preemption for sidelink communication based on the SL-RSRP measurement.

[0266] The measurement period for SL-RSRP measurement or SL-RSSI measurement may include consecutive time slots. The UE may perform SL-RSRP measurement based on the measurement period.

[0267] The UE may receive a measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement from the base station. Alternatively, the UE may configure the measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement. Alternatively, the measurement configuration for SL-RSRP measurement and / or SL-RSSI measurement may be pre-configured in the UE.

[0268] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal (e.g., a UE) may perform sidelink communication. In this case, for resource selection / reselection and resource preemption of continuous resources, the UE may perform the following operations, as shown in the following example. For example, the SL-RSRP measurement period may be limited to continuous resource time slots. For example, based on the maximum, minimum, or average value of each measured SL-RSRP, the UE may perform resource selection / reselection and resource preemption.

[0269] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal (e.g., a UE) may perform sidelink communication. In this case, for congestion control, for measurements such as a channel busy rate or sensing for resource selection, the UE may perform the following operations. Based on network configuration (e.g., configuration information configured by the network) or pre-configuration information, the UE may measure the SL-RSSI or SL-RSRP. For example, the UE may measure the SL-RSSI or SL-RSRP based on a partial time slot, a half time slot, or a time slot. For example, the UE may operate based on the maximum, minimum, or average value of the measured SL-RSSI or SL-RSRP.

[0270] The present disclosure can have various effects.

[0271] For example, a terminal can efficiently and / or accurately perform measurements in sidelink communications in an unlicensed band. For example, when a terminal performs measurements on transmission resource allocation in sidelink communications in an unlicensed band, the terminal can efficiently and / or accurately perform the measurements. For example, by defining measurements based on two transmission times in sidelink communications in an unlicensed band, the terminal's measurement accuracy can be improved.

[0272] The effects that can be obtained from the specific examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or infer from the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those effects explicitly set forth herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or inferred from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0273] For reference, the operation of the terminal (eg, UE) described in this specification can be performed by Figures 1 to 4 For example, a terminal (eg, UE) may be Figure 2 The first device 100 or the second device 200 of the present invention may be a first device 100 or a second device 200. For example, the operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described herein may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operations of the terminal described herein may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may control the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 105 or 206, and may perform the operations of the terminal described herein by executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0274] In addition, instructions for executing the operations of the terminal described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to execute the operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the present disclosure of this specification.

[0275] For reference, the operations of the network nodes (e.g., LMF, AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, AUSF, etc.) or base stations (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, etc.) described herein may be described below. Figures 1 to 3 For example, a network node or base station can be Figure 2 The first device 100 or Figure 2The second device 100 of the present invention. For example, the operations of the network node or base station described herein may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operations of the terminal described herein may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may perform the operations of the network node or base station described herein by controlling the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0276] In addition, instructions for performing the operations of the network node or base station described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the network node or base station.

[0277] Hereinabove, the preferred embodiment has been exemplarily described, but the present disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiment, and thus modifications, changes, or improvements may be made.

[0278] In the exemplary system described above, the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowchart, but is not limited to the order of the steps described, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive and may include other steps or may delete one or more steps of the flowchart without affecting the scope of the authority.

[0279] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprising the following steps: receiving sidelink signals from different UEs; as well as performing a side link-received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the side link signal, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

2. The method according to claim 1, in, For the SL bandwidth part SL BWP used to send the sidelink signal, a first candidate start symbol and a second candidate start symbol for physical sidelink shared channel PSSCH transmission are configured.

3. The method according to claim 2, in, PSSCH resources are allocated from the next symbol of each candidate starting symbol.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: SL-reference signal received power SL-RSRP measurement is performed based on the sidelink signal.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of: Based on the SL-RSRP measurement, selection, reselection, or preemption of resources for sidelink communication is performed.

6. The method according to claim 4, in, The SL-RSRP measurement is performed based on the measurement period including consecutive time slots.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of: Selection, reselection, or preemption of resources for sidelink communication is performed based on a maximum value, an average value, or a minimum value of the SL-RSRP values of the measurement resources configured within the measurement period.

8. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, perform operations comprising: receiving sidelink signals from different UEs; as well as performing a sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the sidelink signal, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

9. A device for mobile communications, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory capable of storing instructions and operatively electrically connected to the at least one processor, The instructions, upon execution by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving a sidelink signal from another UE; as well as performing a sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the sidelink signal, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

10. A non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions, the instructions, upon execution by at least one processor, performing operations comprising: receiving sidelink signals from different UEs; as well as performing a sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurement based on the sidelink signal, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

11. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprising the following steps: Send sidelink signals to different UEs, The sidelink signal is used by the different UEs to perform sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurements, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

12. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, perform operations comprising: Send sidelink signals to different UEs, The sidelink signal is used by the different UEs to perform sidelink received signal strength indicator (SL RSSI) measurements, Based on the configuration of the second candidate start symbol, for congestion control, one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols starting from a symbol next to the second candidate start symbol are used for the SL-RSSI measurement.

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