A method for cultivating a pot marigold in a saline-alkali soil

Abstract

This application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically disclosing a method for cultivating fern shoots in saline-alkali land. The method includes the following steps: S1, site selection and land preparation; S2, irrigation; S3, fertilization; S4, seed selection; S5, sowing; S6, field management; S7, autumn irrigation; and S8, harvesting. It has the advantages of reducing the reclamation of other non-saline-alkali land, protecting the original ecosystem, preventing soil erosion, maintaining biodiversity, and improving land resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically, it relates to a method for cultivating fern shoots in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to soil where salts accumulate, with soluble salt and cation content exceeding normal ranges, making it impossible for most plants to grow normally. Saline-alkali land is a relatively difficult type of soil to manage, especially severely saline-alkali land. It also seriously affects the normal growth of plants and crops, and is one of the important factors restricting sustainable agricultural development. Plants growing in saline-alkali soil experience reduced fruit yield and quality, and their root systems are inhibited, preventing normal water absorption, which in turn inhibits photosynthesis. In areas with particularly severe salinization, crop yields are significantly reduced or even completely lost. However, the impact varies depending on the crop species, salt tolerance, and degree of salt stress.

[0003] my country has 115 million mu (approximately 70 million hectares) of saline-alkali land, mainly distributed in three major regions: the central and western regions, the northeast, and the eastern coastal areas. Qinghai Province has 48 million mu (approximately 3.9 million hectares) of saline-alkali land, accounting for 3.2% of the national total, which is 5.5 times the province's cultivated land area (8.8 million mu). The Qaidam Basin accounts for about 98% of the province's saline-alkali soil area (over 47 million mu), with the remaining 2% distributed in the Chaka and Gonghe Basins and eastern agricultural areas. Approximately 20 million mu (approximately 1.3 million hectares) of this saline-alkali land can be renovated, representing a significant potential for increasing cultivated land resources. The severe shortage of cultivated land has severely limited the development of local specialty industries and the construction of green and organic agricultural and livestock product export bases.

[0004] *Potentilla anserina*, commonly known as "ginseng fruit," belongs to the genus *Potentilla* in the Rosaceae family. It is a perennial herb and a typical creeping clonal plant. In recent years, with the increasing market demand for *Potentilla anserina*, artificial domestication and cultivation are fundamental to its utilization and an essential path for ecological protection. Due to its strong adaptability, *Potentilla anserina* can grow normally in black soil, chestnut soil, meadow soil, and alpine meadow soil. It possesses advantages such as salt and alkali resistance, tolerance to poor soil, cold resistance, drought resistance, and waterlogging resistance. Therefore, some experts have proposed planting *Potentilla anserina* in saline-alkali land. However, due to the special geographical environment of saline-alkali land, a large initial investment is required for soil improvement, variety selection, and facility construction. Growers often encounter problems such as slow seed germination, failure to sprout, or low yield. Therefore, a standardized and feasible method for planting *Potentilla anserina* in saline-alkali land is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to enable fern root to grow normally in saline-alkali land, this application provides a method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land.

[0006] The technical solution for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land provided in this application is as follows:

[0007] A method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0009] Select severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 0.8% or higher, isolate the land with embankments of more than 1 meter, and level the land;

[0010] S2, Water Seat

[0011] Water the soil as soon as it thaws, using sprinkler or flood irrigation to thoroughly irrigate it. Once the surface soil is relatively dry, till and harrow it.

[0012] S3, Fertilization

[0013] Apply nitrogen fertilizer at 231.5 kg / hm² 2 Apply 544 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 Apply 300 kg / hm² of potassium fertilizer. 2 Apply 600 kg / hm² of commercial organic fertilizer 2 ;

[0014] S4, Seed Selection

[0015] Choose fern seeds that are free from insects, mold, and rot;

[0016] S5, Sowing

[0017] Sow seeds in late April or early May when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5℃ and the soil has thawed to a depth of 12.00–15.00 cm, taking advantage of the moisture in the soil. Sow at a depth of 5–7 cm and a density of 5.00 cm × 5.00 cm. The sowing rate is 375–525 kg / hm². 2 The recommended seedling density is 431,200 to 597,200 plants per hectare.

[0018] S6, Field Management

[0019] Weeding and hoeing: In the first year after sowing, weed and hoe 3-4 times. Each time weed, weeds should be pulled out completely by the roots. In late August, when the fern root is in full bloom, weeding is not advisable. In the second year and beyond, weed and hoe 2-3 times, mainly to pull out tall weeds and noxious weeds.

[0020] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is needed for 2 months after initial watering, and the germination rate can reach over 95%. After germination, water thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0021] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0022] Irrigate 1-2 times in mid-to-late October;

[0023] S8, Harvesting

[0024] It is harvested in the spring of the second year, at a depth of 10.00–25.00 cm.

[0025] By adopting the aforementioned scientific and standardized methods for planting *Pteris vittata*, soil salinity can be effectively reduced, soil permeability improved, organic matter content increased, and soil bulk density and salt content reduced. Since *Pteris vittata* can grow on saline-alkali land, its cultivation can reduce the need for reclamation of other non-saline-alkali land, protect the original ecosystem, prevent soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, strengthen the development and promotion of suitable crop varieties for saline-alkali land, effectively expand the planting area of ​​suitable crops, and improve land resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, compared with ordinary planting methods, planting *Pteris vittata* on saline-alkali land using the methods described in this application results in a higher seed germination rate, vigorous seedling emergence, and better yield.

[0026] Under salt-alkali stress, nutrient imbalances in plants are typically caused by the impact of salt ions on nutrient availability, absorption, translocation, and distribution, leading to decreased crop quality and yield. Rational fertilizer application can effectively improve osmotic regulation, stomatal conductance, reduce ion toxicity, enhance photosynthesis, and increase nutrient absorption in saline-alkali soils. Furthermore, sufficient nitrogen supply allows plant roots to obtain more nutrients and water from the soil under salt stress, providing an adaptation mechanism and improving crop salt tolerance. However, excessive fertilizer use increases the risk of soil structure degradation and inefficient resource utilization.

[0027] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil type mentioned in step S1 is chloride-type saline-alkali soil.

[0028] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solutions, planting *Pteris vittata* in chloride-type saline-alkali soil can significantly reduce the soil salinity through its underground root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which plays an important role in improving saline-alkali soil.

[0029] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil has a salt content of 1.10–18.00 g / kg and a pH of 8.03–9.41.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solutions, *Pteris vittata* exhibits a wide range of salt tolerance, adapting to soil conditions with salt concentrations ranging from 1.10 to 18.00 g / kg. Its growth is less restricted at low to medium salt levels (e.g., 1.10–6.00 g / kg), and it can maintain survival even at higher salt levels (e.g., 18.00 g / kg) through physiological regulation. In strongly alkaline environments with soil pH ranging from 8.03 to 9.41, *Pteris vittata* may neutralize alkaline ions (e.g., Na⁺) through root exudates or selectively absorb beneficial ions (e.g., K⁺, Ca²⁺), thus reducing the impact of alkaline stress.

[0031] Preferably, in step S2, the number of times the water is soaked is 1, and the soaking time is 2 days of continuous soaking.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, when using the water-planting technique, water is injected into the soil below the seed at once. After the water diffuses through the soil capillary action, it forms a wet water mass. The seed can more easily obtain the "life-saving water" during the germination period on the wet water mass, which is convenient for absorbing water and oxygen, thus resulting in a higher germination rate.

[0033] Preferably, the fern root in step S5 is sown by broadcasting.

[0034] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, seed dispersal can distribute seeds more evenly across the sowing area, reducing competition among seeds and facilitating better seed contact with the soil, thereby increasing germination rate. Furthermore, seed dispersal helps seeds quickly cover the target area, promoting rapid vegetation recovery in saline-alkali land.

[0035] Preferably, in step S6, when the germination rate of *Fernonia cumingii* is above 90% in the first year of weeding, the first weed is removed, and then the second, third and fourth weeding are carried out every 20 to 30 days. In the second year of weeding, weeding is carried out once a month starting from the beginning of June.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, in the first year of planting fern rhizome, because the fern rhizome is in the seedling stage and its root system has not been fully established, it cannot compete with weeds. Therefore, frequent weeding is required to ensure the growth space and nutrient supply of the fern rhizome. In the second year, as the fern rhizome plants grow and the root system develops, the plants become relatively stable and their competitiveness increases. Therefore, the need for weeding will be relatively reduced.

[0037] Preferably, in the field management described in step S6, no plateau mole rats or pests appeared in the saline-alkali land, and no prevention and control measures were required.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solutions, the high salt content, low soil fertility, loose and compacted soil structure, poor aeration and permeability of saline-alkali soil make it difficult for most plants to grow and reduce microbial activity. This harsh soil environment also inhibits the survival and reproduction of most pests and diseases. The plateau mole rat cannot meet its energy requirements for survival and reproduction. Therefore, it saves manpower and resources for field management and can also ensure the quality and yield of fern root plants.

[0039] Preferably, the spring harvesting mentioned in step S8 is carried out in late March or late April, when the soil thaws.

[0040] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, *Pteris vittata*, a perennial herbaceous plant, can form tubers underground. In late autumn of the planting year, the leaves of *Pteris vittata* will quickly turn yellow, and the tubers will temporarily enter a dormant state. When the weather warms up the following year, *Pteris vittata* will continue to grow. In the autumn of the second year or the spring of the third year, the roots of *Pteris vittata* will divide into multiple grape-like tubers, like potatoes. At this time, the fruits are plump and delicious.

[0041] Preferably, after harvesting the tubers in step S8, tubers of uniform size and shape, free from insect infestation and impurities, are selected and stored at -4°C for later use.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, preserving the tuberous roots of *Pteris vittata* at -4℃ can extend their shelf life and maintain their freshness and nutritional value. The low-temperature environment effectively inhibits the metabolic activity and microbial growth of the tuberous roots, thus ensuring they maintain good quality for a longer period and preserving the germplasm resources.

[0043] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. By adopting scientific and standardized methods to cultivate *Fernella asiatica*, soil salinity can be effectively reduced, soil permeability improved, organic matter content increased, and soil bulk density and salt content reduced. Since *Fernella asiatica* can grow on saline-alkali land, its cultivation can reduce the need for reclamation of other non-saline-alkali land, protect the original ecosystem, prevent soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, strengthen the development and promotion of suitable crop varieties for saline-alkali land, effectively expand the planting area of ​​suitable crops, and improve land resource utilization efficiency.

[0045] 2. In this application, when the water-planting technique is preferred, water is injected into the soil below the seed at once. After the water diffuses through the capillary action of the soil, a wet water mass is formed. The seed can more easily obtain the "life-saving water" during the germination period on the wet water mass, which is convenient for absorbing water and oxygen, resulting in a higher germination rate. Under normal circumstances, the germination rate can reach 98%, which is about 30% higher than the germination rate of non-water-planting.

[0046] 3. This application prioritizes the use of broadcasting for planting *Fernroot*, which allows for more even distribution of seeds within the sowing area, reduces competition among seeds, and facilitates better seed contact with the soil, thereby increasing the germination rate. Furthermore, broadcasting helps seeds quickly cover the target area, promoting rapid vegetation recovery in saline-alkali land. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 The above images are the experimental results of the orthogonal experiment on the yield traits of fern root in saline-alkali land in this application (Note: The above images represent A: color; B: diameter; C: length; D: weight of 100 seeds; E: total number of tubers; F: total weight of tubers; G: number of bulbous tubers; H: mass ratio of bulbous tubers; I: marketability; J: yield). Detailed Implementation

[0048] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 The present application will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0049] Example

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0053] The selected site is a severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 0.8% or higher, and the soil type is chloride-type saline-alkali soil. The site chosen in this application is located at N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, at an altitude of 3120m, on the northeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin. It has a typical plateau continental arid climate with low precipitation, mainly concentrated from June to September, and an average altitude of 2980m. The soil's physicochemical properties are as follows: salt content 18.00 g / kg, pH 9.41, available nitrogen 22.74 mg / kg, available potassium 275.03 mg / kg, available phosphorus 13.68 mg / kg, organic matter content 7.17 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.49 g / kg, total phosphorus 0.76 g / kg, and total potassium 21.58 g / kg. When the soil's physical and chemical properties are within the above-mentioned range, *Pteris vittata* has a well-developed root system, which can enhance soil permeability, promote salt leaching, and reduce surface salt accumulation; its litter can also increase organic matter and gradually improve soil fertility. As a pioneer plant for salt and alkali tolerance, *Pteris vittata* can grow stably in barren soil, reducing land abandonment; its tubers or leaves may have medicinal, edible, or forage value, increasing the economic benefits of saline-alkali land.

[0054] After selecting a suitable location, the land is separated by a large embankment of more than 1 meter and the land is leveled.

[0055] S2, Water Seat

[0056] Water the soil as soon as it thaws, using sprinkler irrigation to thoroughly irrigate it. Once the surface soil is relatively dry, till and harrow it. Water the soil once, and let it soak for two days.

[0057] S3, Fertilization

[0058] Apply nitrogen fertilizer 200 kg / hm 2 Apply 450 kg / hm² of phosphate fertilizer 2 Apply 188 kg / hm² of potassium fertilizer 2 Apply 600 kg / hm² of commercial organic fertilizer 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0059] S4, Seed Selection

[0060] Choose fern seeds that are free from insects, mold, and rot.

[0061] S5, Sowing

[0062] In late April, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5℃ and the soil thaws to a depth of 12.00cm, sow the seeds in a timely manner, taking advantage of the moisture. The sowing depth is 5cm, the sowing density is 5.00cm x 5.00cm, and the sowing rate is 375kg / hm². 2 Approximately 431,200 seedlings are maintained per hectare; fern root is sown using a broadcast method.

[0063] S6, Field Management

[0064] Weeding and cultivation: In the first year after sowing, weed and cultivate three times. When the emergence rate of fern root is over 90%, remove the first weed. Thereafter, weed the second, third, and fourth times every 20 days. Each time you weed, remove all weeds by the roots. In late August, when fern root is in its peak flowering period, it is not advisable to weed. In the second year and beyond, weed and cultivate twice. From the beginning of June, weed once a month, mainly removing tall weeds and noxious weeds.

[0065] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is needed for 2 months after the seedlings are planted, and the germination rate can reach over 95%. After germination, water thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0066] Pest and rodent control: No plateau mole rats or pests have been found in the saline-alkali land, so no control measures are needed.

[0067] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0068] Irrigate once in mid-to-late October;

[0069] S8, Harvesting

[0070] Harvesting takes place in the spring of the following year at a depth of 10.00 cm; spring harvesting occurs in late March when the soil thaws.

[0071] After harvesting the tubers, select those that are uniform in size and shape, free from insect damage and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] A cultivation method for fern shoots in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0074] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0075] The selected site is a severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 0.8% or higher, and the soil type is chloride-type saline-alkali soil. The site selected in this application is located at N101°7′49.26″E, 36°31′31.35″N, at an altitude of 3100m. Its soil physicochemical properties are as follows: salt content 1.10g / kg, pH 8.03, available nitrogen 131.01mg / kg, available potassium 186.23mg / kg, available phosphorus 40.08mg / kg, organic matter content 15.97g / kg, total nitrogen 2.22g / kg, total phosphorus 1.19g / kg, and total potassium 20.74g / kg.

[0076] The land was separated by large embankments more than 1 meter high, and the land was leveled.

[0077] S2, Water Seat

[0078] Water the soil as soon as it thaws, using a flood irrigation method to thoroughly irrigate it. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow and harrow it. The watering should be done once, and the watering time should be a continuous soaking for 2 days.

[0079] S3, Fertilization

[0080] Apply nitrogen fertilizer 263 kg / hm 2 Apply 638 kg / hm² of pure phosphate fertilizer 2 Apply 300 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer. 2 Apply 1800 kg / hm² of commercial organic fertilizer 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0081] S4, Seed Selection

[0082] Choose fern seeds that are free from insects, mold, and rot;

[0083] S5, Sowing

[0084] In early May, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5℃ and the soil thaws to a depth of 15cm, sow the seeds in a timely manner, taking advantage of the moisture. The sowing depth should be 7cm, the sowing density 5cm x 5cm, and the sowing rate 525kg / hm². 2 Approximately 597,200 seedlings are maintained per hectare; fern root is sown using a broadcast method.

[0085] S6, Field Management

[0086] Weeding and cultivation: In the first year after sowing, weed and cultivate four times. When the emergence rate of fern root is over 90%, remove the first weed. Thereafter, weed the second, third, and fourth times every 30 days. Each time you weed, remove all weeds by the roots. In late August, when fern root is in its peak flowering period, it is not advisable to weed. In the second year and beyond, weed and cultivate three times. Starting from the beginning of June, weed once a month, mainly removing tall weeds and noxious weeds.

[0087] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is needed for 2 months after the seedlings are planted, and the germination rate can reach over 95%. After germination, water thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0088] Pest and rodent control: No plateau mole rats or pests have been found in the saline-alkali land, so no control measures are needed.

[0089] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0090] Irrigate twice in mid-to-late October;

[0091] S8, Harvesting

[0092] Harvesting takes place in the spring of the following year, at a depth of 25.00cm; spring harvesting occurs in late March, when the soil thaws.

[0093] After harvesting the tubers, select those that are uniform in size and shape, free from insect damage and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] A cultivation method for fern shoots in saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0096] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0097] The selected site is a severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 0.8% or higher, and the soil type is chloride-type saline-alkali soil. The site selected in this application is located at N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, with an altitude of 3120m. The physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are as follows: salt content 9.10g / kg, pH 8.9, available nitrogen 60.9mg / kg, available potassium 235.05mg / kg, available phosphorus 23.10mg / kg, organic matter content 11.3g / kg, total nitrogen 1.36g / kg, total phosphorus 1.09g / kg, and total potassium 21.02g / kg.

[0098] The land was separated by large embankments more than 1 meter high, and the land was leveled.

[0099] S2, Water Seat

[0100] Water the soil as soon as it thaws, using a flood irrigation method to thoroughly irrigate it. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow and harrow it. The watering should be done once, and the watering time should be a continuous soaking for 2 days.

[0101] S3, Fertilization

[0102] Apply nitrogen fertilizer at 231.5 kg / hm² 2 Apply 544 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 Apply 244 kg / hm² of pure potassium fertilizer 2 Apply 1200 kg / hm² of commercial organic fertilizer 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0103] S4, Seed Selection

[0104] Choose fern seeds that are free from insects, mold, and rot.

[0105] S5, Sowing

[0106] In late April, when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5℃ and the soil has thawed to a depth of 13.25cm, timely sowing should be carried out while the soil is still moist. The sowing depth should be 6cm, the sowing density 5.00cm×5.00cm, and the sowing rate 450kg / hm². 2 Approximately 503,300 seedlings are maintained per hectare; fern root is sown using a broadcast method.

[0107] S6, Field Management

[0108] Weeding and cultivation: In the first year after sowing, weed and cultivate three times. When the emergence rate of fern root is over 90%, remove the first weed. Thereafter, weed the second, third, and fourth times at 25-day intervals. Each time, weeds should be completely removed by the roots. In late August, when fern root is in its peak flowering period, weeding is not recommended. In the second year and beyond, weed and cultivate twice. From the beginning of June, weed once a month, mainly removing tall weeds and noxious weeds.

[0109] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is needed for 2 months after the seedlings are planted, and the germination rate can reach over 95%. After germination, water thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0110] Pest and rodent control: No plateau mole rats or pests have been found in the saline-alkali land, so no control measures are needed.

[0111] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0112] Irrigate once between mid-to-late October and the time when the ground freezes in winter.

[0113] S8, Harvesting

[0114] Harvesting takes place in the spring of the second year, at a depth of 18.00cm. Spring harvesting occurs in late April, when the soil thaws.

[0115] After harvesting the tubers, select those that are uniform in size and shape, free from insect damage and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0116] Comparative Example

[0117] Comparative Example 1

[0118] The difference from Example 1 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] The difference from Example 2 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0121] Comparative Example 3

[0122] The difference from Example 3 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0123] Comparative Example 4

[0124] The difference from Example 2 is that the watering step is not included in the cultivation process.

[0125] Comparative Example 5

[0126] The difference from Example 2 is that no fertilizer is applied during the cultivation process.

[0127] Performance testing

[0128] 1. Experiments on the effect of different experimental conditions on seedling emergence rate of *Strombax ceiba* cultivation

[0129] 1.1 Experimental Design

[0130] Referring to the cultivation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 above, multiple representative regions were selected for experiments, with multiple replicate experimental sites set up in each region. The experimental sites should be arranged in randomized block design to ensure that the experimental conditions are consistent in each region.

[0131] 1.2 Methods for investigating seedling emergence rate

[0132] At 30m 2 Seeds were sown in rows on the soil, and germination was observed daily. The number of seedlings that emerged after 7, 15, and 30 days was recorded. The emergence rate for each region was calculated, and the average emergence rate was taken. The method for calculating the emergence rate is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] 1.3 Test Results

[0135] Table 1-1 Germination rate of *Strombax ceiba* under different experimental conditions

[0136]

[0137] As can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the germination rate of *Fern Root* in saline-alkali and non-saline-alkali lands differs to some extent. However, when *Fern Root* is cultivated in saline-alkali land using the method described in this application, the germination rate ranges from a minimum of 86.3% to a maximum of 91.3%, second only to the minimum germination rate of 95.7% in ordinary non-saline-alkali land. This indicates that the method of planting *Fern Root* in saline-alkali land described in this application is effective and has a high survival rate.

[0138] The germination rate of each experimental plot varied after 7, 15, and 30 days. This indicates that as the number of days changed, some seeds germinated slowly and gradually sprouted later; while some seeds, after sprouting, could not withstand the harsh environment and eventually withered and died.

[0139] Based on Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, and in conjunction with Table 1-1, it can be seen that when planting *Fernonia cumingii* in saline-alkali soil, failure to irrigate before sowing will severely affect the germination rate of *Fernonia cumingii* seeds, with the germination rate decreasing by about 30% compared to that of seeds planted after irrigation.

[0140] Combining Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 with Table 1-1, it can be seen that when *Pteris vittata* is planted in saline-alkali land without any fertilizer, the germination rate is only about 30% after 7 days of planting, and the number of germinations decreases further as time goes on, indicating a high mortality rate among seedlings after emergence. This may be due to the imbalance of nutrients within the plant under saline-alkali stress, affecting the availability, absorption, translocation, and distribution of nutrients by salt ions, thus leading to a decrease in the germination rate. While saline-alkali stress inhibits crop growth, crop growth improves after fertilizer application, and the results vary under different fertilization levels. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the elements absorbed in the largest quantities during the growth and development of *Pteris vittata*, playing a crucial role in plant structure. Bio-organic fertilizer, as a green fertilizer, has properties such as reducing soil bulk density, promoting soil aggregate formation, increasing soil nutrients, and improving soil water and fertilizer retention.

[0141] 2. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield traits of *Fern Root* in saline-alkali land

[0142] 2.1 Test Materials

[0143] This experiment was conducted at the Qinghai Nationalities University Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Fern Root Industry Research Institute Saline-Alkali Land Experimental Station, located at N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, at an altitude of 3120m, on the northeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin. It has a typical plateau continental arid climate with low precipitation, mainly concentrated from June to September, and an average altitude of 2980m. The diurnal temperature range is large, with long hours of sunshine and a dry climate with little rain or snow. The soil type is chloride-type saline-alkali soil, with the following physicochemical properties: salt content 18.00g / kg, pH 9.41, available nitrogen 22.74mg / kg, available potassium 275.03mg / kg, available phosphorus 13.68mg / kg, organic matter content 7.17g / kg, total nitrogen 0.49g / kg, total phosphorus 0.76g / kg, and total potassium 21.58g / kg.

[0144] The tested variety, JueMa No. 4, was bred by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau JueMa Industry Research Institute. Its characteristics include a light brown color, 90%–95% spherical shape, a 100-seed weight of approximately 70 grams, and salt and alkali tolerance. It is of high quality, sweet taste, rich nutrition, and excellent flavor, making it an edible variety of JueMa. The yield can reach 1200–1500 jin of fresh fruit per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0145] Fertilizer Selection: Ziniu Bio-organic Fertilizer (Bayannur Deyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., organic matter ≥55%, N:P2O5:K2O=8:3:1, total nutrient content ≥12%, calcium ≥2%); Urea (China National Petroleum Corporation, total nitrogen >46.0%); Superphosphate (Xi'an Ningyunke Fertilizer Co., Ltd., granular, available phosphorus: P2O5 ≥12.0%, water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5) ≥7%, sulfur (S) ≥8%); Potassium sulfate (Yantai Huahai International Trade Co., Ltd., potassium oxide (K2O) ≥50%, sulfur (S) ≥16%, chloride ion (Cl) ≥8%. - )≤1.5%, moisture (H2O)≤1.5%).

[0146] 2.2 Test Methods

[0147] In April 2023, tubers were harvested, and those of uniform size and shape, free from insect damage and impurities, were selected and stored at -4°C for later use. In mid-April 2024, the land was tilled and fertilized, covering an area of ​​21 square meters. 2 (3m×7m) The experiment adopted a 4-factor, 3-level, non-interaction design. The four single-factor experiments were nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer. Each single-factor experiment had 3 levels (CK, 1, 2, 3). The soil was watered in advance, and after the topsoil dried, it was tilled and the fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer in one go. Fern rootstock was sown by broadcasting at a rate of 800g per plot. Watering and weeding were carried out in a timely manner.

[0148] 2.3 Experimental Design

[0149] Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (M), respectively. The different values ​​and codes of each factor are shown in the table below.

[0150] Table 2-1 Experimental Factor Level Design Table for Fern Root Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Organic Fertilizer

[0151]

[0152] Table 2-2 Experimental Design Scheme for Four Factors and Three Levels of Fern Root Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Organic Fertilizer

[0153]

[0154] 2.4 Results and Analysis

[0155] Table 2-3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on yield traits of *Fern Root* in saline-alkali land

[0156]

[0157] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0158] This study found that the total number of tubers and the total weight of tubers in *Pteris vittata* were key factors affecting its yield. The lowest yield was observed without fertilization, with the lowest number and total weight of tubers. The highest yield (517.884 kg / mu) was also observed with the highest number of tubers and the highest total weight of tubers. Different fertilization treatments had varying effects on the yield traits of the underground parts of *Pteris vittata*. All treatments resulted in tuber enlargement, as shown in Tables 2-3. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the 100-grain weight, total number of tubers, total tuber weight, and yield of each fertilization treatment were all higher than those of the control group (N0P0K0M0). Treatment 2 (N1P2K2M2) had a higher spherical weight ratio and marketable rate than other treatment groups by 0.67 and 85.81%, respectively, representing increases of 6.35% and 20.00% compared to the control group. Treatment 5 (N2P2K3M1) had higher length, total number of tubers, total tuber weight, spherical weight ratio, and yield than other treatment groups by 9.55cm, 587.00g, 194.20g, 0.61g, and 517.88kg / mu, respectively, representing increases compared to the control group. The percentages were 47.60%, 313.38%, 369.42%, 29.79%, and 369.35%, respectively. The total weight and yield of the pellets differed significantly from other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Treatment 6 (N2P3K1M2) had a 100-grain weight 76.02 g higher than other treatment groups, an increase of 207.03% compared to the control group. Treatment 9 (N3P3K2M1) had a diameter 4.28 cm higher than other treatment groups, an increase of 44.11% compared to the control group. Color did not differ significantly among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0159] In summary, the growth and development of *Strombax cuneata* under different fertilizer treatments in the orthogonal experiment on saline-alkali land were significantly improved compared with the control (P < 0.05); the yield traits of underground parts, such as 100-grain weight, total number of tubers, ratio of bulbous tubers, and yield, were significantly improved compared with the control in each treatment (P < 0.05). The treatment 5N2P2K3M1 (nitrogen fertilizer 231.5 kg / hm²) showed the highest improvement. 2 Phosphate fertilizer 544 kg / hm 2 Potassium fertilizer 300 kg / hm 2 600 kg / hm² of organic fertilizer 2 The above indicators were 74.22g, 587.00, 0.61, and 517.88kg / mu, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control by 199.76%, 313.38%, 29.79%, and 407.54%.

[0160] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation Select severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 0.8% or higher, isolate the land with embankments of more than 1 meter, and level the land; S2, Water Seat Water the soil as soon as it thaws, using sprinkler or flood irrigation to thoroughly irrigate it. Once the surface soil is relatively dry, till and harrow it. S3, Fertilization Apply nitrogen fertilizer at 231.5 kg / hm² 2 Apply 544 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 Apply 300 kg / hm² of potassium fertilizer. 2 Apply 600 kg / hm² of commercial organic fertilizer 2 ; S4, Seed Selection Choose fern seeds that are free from insects, mold, and rot; S5, Sowing Sow seeds in late April or early May when the surface temperature stabilizes above 5℃ and the soil has thawed to a depth of 12.00–15.00 cm, taking advantage of the moisture in the soil. Sow at a depth of 5–7 cm and a density of 5.00 cm × 5.00 cm. The sowing rate is 375–525 kg / hm². 2 The recommended seedling density is 431,200 to 597,200 plants per hectare. S6, Field Management Weeding and hoeing: In the first year after sowing, weed and hoe 3-4 times. Each time weed, weeds should be pulled out completely by the roots. In late August, when the fern root is in full bloom, weeding is not advisable. In the second year and beyond, weed and hoe 2-3 times, mainly to pull out tall weeds and noxious weeds. Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is needed for 2 months after initial watering, and the germination rate can reach over 95%. After germination, water thoroughly once every 30 days. S7, Autumn Irrigation Irrigate 1-2 times in mid-to-late October; S8, Harvesting It is harvested in the spring of the second year, at a depth of 10.00–25.00 cm.

2. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil type of saline-alkali land mentioned in step S1 is chloride-type saline-alkali soil.

3. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: The saline-alkali soil has a salt content of 1.10–18.00 g / kg and a pH of 8.03–9.

41.

4. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the water soaking is performed once, and the soaking time is 2 consecutive days.

5. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer mentioned in step S3 is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

6. The method for cultivating fern shoots in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fern root mentioned in step S5 is sown by broadcasting.

7. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, when the germination rate of *Fernonia cum Ligustrum lucidum* is above 90% in the first year of weeding and hoeing, the first weed is removed. Thereafter, the second, third, and fourth weeding are carried out every 20 to 30 days. In the second year of weeding and hoeing, starting from the beginning of June, weeding is carried out once a month.

8. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described in step S6, no plateau mole rats or pests appeared in the saline-alkali land, so no prevention or control measures were needed.

9. The method for cultivating fern root in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring harvesting mentioned in step S8 refers to harvesting in late March or late April, when the soil thaws.

10. A method for cultivating fern shoots in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: After harvesting the tubers in step S8, select tubers that are uniform in size and shape and free from insect infestation and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

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