Mechanized mining method for in-vein accurate mining ramp of gently inclined thin ore body

Abstract

A mechanical mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body in-vein accurate mining ramp comprises the following steps of (1) accurate mining engineering and roadway tunneling, (2) drilling and blasting, adopting emulsion explosives and conducting remote detonation through electric detonators, (3) ventilating a stope, enabling fresh air to sequentially penetrate through a channel to be discharged out of the earth surface, and (4) stoping sequence: the stope is not layered, the ore body is stoped at a time, and the mining process is completed. (5) roof management: supporting the roof of the stope by adopting anchor rods; (6) ore transportation: loading the ore into a mining transport vehicle by adopting a carry-scraper; and (7) stope filling: building, filling and sealing after the ore is discharged from the stope. The dilution rate and the loss rate can be controlled to be 10% or below, the ore extraction capacity reaches 150-200 tons / day, the outside-vein accurate mining work amount is extremely small, the mining ratio can be controlled to be 200 m / ten thousand tons or below, and compared with a traditional mining technology, the technology is more advanced, the economic benefit is better, and safety and reliability are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mining process, in particular to a mechanized mining method for mining an inclined ramp in a gently inclined thin ore body vein. Background Art

[0002] The mining methods for gently inclined thin ore bodies mostly adopt the rod-column cement filling method, the upward horizontal layered filling method, the comprehensive mining method, etc. These mining methods, mining processes and technical equipment use air-leg drills, electric rakes, rock loaders, etc. Their main characteristics are high labor intensity, low production efficiency, high labor, high cost, low inherent safety level and low benefits. The excavation, mining and mining capacity are usually 1.5 meters / shift, 40-50 tons / day and 60-70 tons / day respectively. In addition, a large amount of waste rock footage needs to be excavated in the surrounding rock, and the mining ratio of 10,000 tons is more than 400 meters / 10,000 tons; With the rapid development of the mining industry in recent years, current mining methods and technical equipment have been greatly improved. Trackless equipment and new mechanization have gradually been applied to underground mining operations. However, due to the excavation of a large number of off-vein ramps and layered connecting roads, the mining ratio (the mining ratio is a core indicator reflecting the proportional relationship between mining and excavation in mining, usually defined as the amount of excavation required for every 1,000 tons of ore mined (unit: meters / 1,000 tons or cubic meters / 1,000 tons), calculated as: mining ratio = excavation / mining) has reached 500 meters / 10,000 tons or even more. In addition, the large amount of waste rock excavation has undoubtedly increased mining investment and increased the cost of mining. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing technology in that a large amount of waste rock is excavated, which makes the mining relatively large, increases the mining investment, and increases the cost of mining, and provide a mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein with an inclined ramp.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is a mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein using a ramp. The mine is divided into multiple middle sections according to the middle section height in the vertical direction of the ore body, and multiple mining panels are divided every 80-120 meters along the strike of the ore body. Horizontal stopes are arranged in each panel along the strike of the ore body. The stope structure parameters are: the stope is about 80-120 meters long and 8 meters wide, the mining height is the vertical height of the ore body but not more than 6.0 meters, and the ore collapse volume is 100-150 tons. The mining operation includes the following steps: S1. Mining and approval engineering: excavating the vein-along drift, the through-vein drift, and the upper return air filling drift; excavating the bottom lane along the strike of the ore body in the through-vein drift; excavating the intra-vein mining ramp and the intra-vein return air ramp and connecting them with the upper return air filling drift respectively; excavating the bottom lane on one side of the intra-vein mining ramp and connecting them with the intra-vein return air ramp; S2. Rock drilling and blasting: Drilling rigs are used for both excavation and mining, with the blastholes oriented parallel to the strike of the ore body. Blasting is carried out using emulsion explosives or remote detonation with electric detonators. S3. Stope ventilation: Fresh air enters the stope working face through the vein lanes, through-vein lanes, vein-inside mining ramps, and bottom lanes for cleaning, and the polluted air is discharged to the surface. S4. Mining sequence: The stope is not stratified, and the ore body is mined in one go. The upward approach is used to mine from low to high, and each ore body is mined and filled after it is mined. The stope is cemented filling. S5. Roof management: anchor bolts are used to support the stope roof, with an anchor bolt grid size of 1.0m x 1.0m; S6. Ore transportation: Use a scraper to load the ore into a mining transport vehicle, which will transport the ore to the through-vein lane via the slope within the vein, and then transport it to the middle ore bin or directly to the ground via the along-vein lane; S7, stope filling: After the ore is unearthed from the stope, the stope is sealed with masonry. The filling pipe is used to fill each stope from the return air filling level lane through the return air ramp; Furthermore, in step S1, the intra-vein mining ramp is used as an equipment channel related to ore transportation, pedestrians, ventilation, and drainage, with a tunneling specification of 2.8×2.6 meters and a slope not exceeding 12°.

[0005] Furthermore, in step S1, the design specifications of the intra-pulse return air ramp are the same as those of the ss intra-pulse return air ramp. The intra-pulse return air ramp mainly serves as return air, upper passage and ventilation, and adjacent panels can serve each other.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S2, the cross-sectional specification of the rock drilling and blasting is 2.8 meters by 2.6 meters.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S4, the stope can also be divided into the ore wall and ore chamber stopes for intermittent mining, that is, the ore wall is mined in the first phase, and the ore chamber is mined in the second phase after the ore wall is cemented and filled. The ore wall is filled with cement and the ore chamber is filled with tailings. To ensure operational safety, the number of stopes in the same pan area where mining, ore extraction and filling are carried out simultaneously is controlled within 3; Furthermore, in step S7, a channel needs to be reserved for the lower middle section mining before filling the inter-panel pillars. Zero-point mining is the last mining site after the inter-panel pillars are mined. Before filling, a tunnel also needs to be reserved for the lower middle section mining.

[0008] Furthermore, a prying trolley is used to process the turquoise.

[0009] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: In the present invention, the intra-vein return air ramp and the intra-vein return air ramp are moved from outside the vein to inside the vein, reducing the amount of mining work outside the vein. While the excavation work inside the vein directly excavates the ore body itself, this not only reduces the amount of excavation but also increases the amount of mining, thereby increasing the mining ratio. Furthermore, the present invention provides a new type of fully mechanized mining equipment with trackless transportation. It features advanced equipment, high mining production capacity, high safety performance, a simple and applicable structure, and optimized key mining economic and technical indicators. The depletion rate and loss rate can be controlled below 10%, and the mining capacity reaches 150-200 tons / day. The amount of mining work outside the vein is minimal, and the mining ratio can be controlled below 200 meters / 10,000 tons. Compared with traditional mining processes, this technology is more advanced, has better economic benefits, and is safer and more reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a mining process plan view of an embodiment of a mechanized mining method for mining a slope within a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A-A sectional view in the middle; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Middle B-B section view; Figure 4 This is a stope filling schematic diagram of an embodiment of a mechanized mining method for mining a slope within a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram is shown in the figure.

[0011] Description of reference numerals: 1. Upper return air filling lane; 2. Lane along the vein; 3. Lane through the vein; 4. Bottom pull lane; 5. In-vein mining ramp; 6. In-vein return air ramp; 7. Fresh air; 8. Dirty air; 9. Sealed filling; 10. Filling body; 11. Ore body; 12. Anchor rod; 13. Mine transport vehicle; 14. Laneway; 15. Inter-panel column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0013] Reference Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, the ore body is arranged in blocks. The mine is divided into several sections vertically along the ore body, based on the mid-section height. Along the strike of the ore body, several mining units, or panels, are then divided every 80-120 meters. Within each panel, horizontal stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, for a total of eleven stopes, ranging from ten-minute to zero-minute. Stope structural parameters: a stope is approximately 80-120 meters long and 8 meters wide. The mining height is the vertical height of the ore body but not more than 6.0 meters. The ore collapse volume is 100-150 tons.

[0014] S1. Mining and Approval Engineering: Mining and approval engineering refers to a series of excavation works carried out before mining operations to serve the mining industry. The excavation includes excavating the vein-along lane 2, the through-vein lane 3, and the upper return air filling lane 1. In the through-vein lane 3, a bottom lane 4 is excavated along the strike of the ore body. The vein-along mining ramp 5 and the vein-along return air ramp 6, with a slope not exceeding 12°, are excavated and connected to the upper return air filling lane 1. A bottom lane 4 is excavated on one side of the vein-along mining ramp 5 to connect to the vein-along return air ramp 6. The upper return air filling level tunnel 1, the vein level tunnel 2, and the bottom tunnel 4 are all set along the horizontal direction of the ore body, and the bottom tunnel 4 is set in two-point mining, one-point mining and zero-point mining.

[0015] The intra-vein mining ramp 5 is the most important part of the mining project, serving as a passage for equipment, ore transportation, pedestrians, ventilation, and drainage. Its excavation specifications are 2.8 x 2.6 meters in width x height, with a slope not exceeding 12°. Because it is excavated within the ore body, the intra-vein mining ramp 5 reduces the transportation distance and the length of the connecting roads between each layer, thus reducing the required excavation distance and thus the mining-to-excavation ratio. The intra-vein return air ramp 6 has a similar design to the intra-vein return air ramp 5, primarily serving as a return air and upper passage and ventilation, and adjacent panels can serve as a mutual channel. S2. Rock Drilling and Blasting: Drilling rigs are used for both excavation and mining, with the blastholes oriented parallel to the strike of the ore body. Blasting is carried out using emulsion explosives and remote detonation with electric detonators, with a cross-sectional specification of 2.8m x 2.6m. Through precise blasting, the ore and surrounding rock can be effectively separated, and the depletion rate and loss rate can be reduced. It should be noted that blasting should mainly act inside the ore body to minimize damage to the surrounding rock (especially the roof), reduce depletion (mixing with waste rock) and loss (ore residue or mixing with waste rock).

[0016] S3, Stope Ventilation: Fresh air 7 enters the stope working face from the vein-along lane 2, the vein-crossing lane 3, the vein-mining ramp 5, and the bottom lane 4, and is then cleaned to produce polluted air 8. The polluted air 8 then passes through the bottom lane 4 into the vein-return air ramp 6, the upper return air filling lane 1, and the corresponding upper system air lane, and is finally discharged to the surface. After the explosion, a large amount of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other highly toxic gases. The ventilation system uses forced airflow to quickly exhaust these gases from the mining area to prevent poisoning of personnel.

[0017] S4. Mining sequence: The stope is not stratified, and the ore body 11 is mined all at once. Mining is carried out piece by piece from lower to higher levels using an upward approach. Each piece is mined and then filled. The stope is cemented and filled. Interpanel columns 15 are reserved between panels. Mining of the interpanel columns 15 begins after adjacent panels are mined. The interpanel columns 15 are mined using the same mechanized operation. Before filling the interpanel columns 15, a channel must be reserved for mining the lower middle section. Among them, zero-point mining is the last mining site after the mining of the inter-section column 15 is completed. Before filling, it is also necessary to reserve a tunnel 14 for the lower middle section mining.

[0018] Stopping is the most crucial production step in the mining process. It refers to the process of directly mining an ore body on a large scale, after the mining and cutting processes have been completed. Its role goes far beyond simply "mining" and is the key to realizing value for the entire mining system. In this invention, the ore body is divided into multiple zones, each of which is mined from ten points to zero, and each zone is filled with new ones after it is mined.

[0019] S5. Roof management: Anchor rod 12 is used to support the mining area roof, and the mesh size of anchor rod 12 is 1.0m×1.0m; a prying trolley is used to process loose stones.

[0020] S6. Ore transportation: A scraper is used to load the ore into a mining transport vehicle 13, which transports the ore to the through-vein lane 3 via the intra-vein mining ramp 5, and then transports the ore to the middle ore bin or directly to the ground via the along-vein lane 2; the mine's ore output capacity is about 200 tons / day.

[0021] S7. Stope filling: After the stope is mined, a masonry filling system 9 is constructed to seal the stope. The filling pipeline is used to fill each stope from the upper return air filling level 1 through the inner vein return air ramp 6. Each stope needs to be topped with a filling body 10. Before the stope is filled, the inner vein mining ramp 5, the inner vein return air ramp 6, and the zero-division mining bottom level 4 are reserved to prepare a roadway 14 for later mining. In actual practice, the stope in step S4 can also be divided into the ore wall and ore room stopes for intermittent mining, that is, the ore wall is mined in the first phase, and the ore room is mined in the second phase after the ore wall is cemented and filled. The ore wall is filled with cement and the ore room is filled with tailings. To ensure operational safety, the number of stopes in the same pan area where mining, ore removal and filling are carried out simultaneously is controlled within 3; In the present invention, the intra-vein return air ramp 6 and the intra-vein return air ramp 5 are changed from outside the vein to inside the vein, the mining and approval engineering volume outside the vein is reduced, and the excavation inside the vein is to directly excavate the ore body itself, which reduces the excavation volume while increasing the mining volume, thereby increasing the mining ratio.

[0022] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Among them, the same parts are represented by the same figure numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up" and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "inside" and "outside" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized mining method for mining gently inclined thin ore bodies using a ramp. The mine is divided into multiple middle sections according to the middle section height in the vertical direction of the ore body. Multiple stopes are divided every 80-120 meters along the strike of the ore body. Horizontal stopes are arranged in each stope along the strike of the ore body. Stope structure parameters include a stope length of approximately 80-120 meters and a width of 8 meters. The stope height is the vertical height of the ore body but not more than 6.0 meters. The ore collapse capacity is 100-150 tons. Its mining construction includes the following steps: S1. Mining engineering: excavating a tunnel along the vein (2), a tunnel through the vein (3) and an upper return air filling tunnel (1); excavating a bottom tunnel (4) along the strike of the ore body in the tunnel through the vein (3); excavating a mining ramp (5) and an inner-vein return air ramp (6) and connecting them with the upper return air filling tunnel (1); excavating a bottom tunnel (4) and connecting it with the inner-vein return air ramp (6) on one side of the mining ramp (5); S2. Rock drilling and blasting: Drilling rigs are used for both excavation and mining, with the blastholes oriented parallel to the strike of the ore body. Blasting is carried out using emulsion explosives or remote detonation with electric detonators. S3, mining field ventilation: fresh air (7) enters the mining field working face from the vein-along lane (2), the vein-through lane (3), the vein-inside mining ramp (5), and the bottom lane (4) for cleaning, and the polluted air is discharged to the surface; S4. Mining sequence: The stope is not stratified, and the ore body (11) is mined in one go. The upward approach is used to mine from low to high, and each time a piece is mined and filled, the stope is cemented and filled. S5. Roof management: anchor rods (12) are used to support the roof of the mining area. The anchor rods (12) have a mesh size of 1.0 m x 1.0 m. S6. Ore transportation: Use a scraper to load the ore into a mining transport vehicle (13), which transports the ore to the through-vein lane (3) via the intra-vein mining ramp (5), and then transports the ore to the middle ore bin or directly to the ground via the along-vein lane (2); S7. Filling of the mining area: After the mining area is mined, it is sealed with masonry (9). The filling pipeline is used to fill each mining area from the upper return air filling level tunnel (1) through the inner return air ramp (6).

2. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the intra-vein mining ramp (5) is used as an equipment channel for ore transportation, pedestrians, ventilation, and drainage, with a tunneling specification of 2.8×2.6 meters and a slope of no more than 12°.

3. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the design specifications of the intra-pulse return air ramp (6) and the ss intra-pulse return air ramp (5) are the same. The intra-pulse return air ramp (6) mainly serves as return air and upper passage and ventilation, and adjacent panels can serve each other.

4. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the cross-sectional specification of the rock drilling and blasting is 2.8 meters × 2.6 meters.

5. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the mining area can also be divided into the mine wall and mine room mining areas for intermittent mining, that is, the mine wall is mined in the first phase, and the mine room is mined in the second phase after the mine wall is cemented and filled. The mine wall is cemented and filled, and the mine room is filled with tailings. To ensure operational safety, the number of mining areas in the same disk area where mining, ore extraction and filling are carried out simultaneously is controlled within 3.

6. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S7, a channel must be reserved for the lower middle section before the inter-panel column (15) is filled. Zero-point mining is the last mining site after the inter-panel column (15) is mined. Before filling, a roadway (14) must also be reserved for the lower middle section mining.

7. The mechanized mining method for mining in a gently inclined thin ore body vein according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A prying trolley is used to process turquoise.

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