Multifunctional test device and test method for plate mechanical property test

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional test device and a test method for a plate mechanical property test, and belongs to the technical field of test devices.The device comprises a self-reaction force device, a supporting device, a restraining device, a loading device and a measuring device.The self-reaction force device comprises a steel column and a height-adjustable steel beam, the supporting device comprises a steel support and a steel plate, and the restraining device is arranged on the steel support. The restraining device comprises a rolling shaft and a force transmission frame, the loading device is a jack, the measuring device comprises a strain gauge and a stay wire type displacement sensor, and the method comprises the steps that by flexibly adjusting the boundary type of the test board, including various boundary conditions such as fixing and simple supporting, and meanwhile, various loading modes are achieved, the complex load distribution and change process can be simulated, and the test efficiency is improved. According to the method, the single-direction plate and the two-direction plate can be researched respectively, the stress deformation performance of the single-direction plate and the two-direction plate can be accurately evaluated, a scientific basis is provided for design, analysis and optimization of the plate in a complex structure, and the safety and economical efficiency of a building structure are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of testing devices, and in particular relates to a multifunctional testing device and a testing method for testing the mechanical properties of a plate. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of construction engineering technology, the mechanical properties of plates, as important load-bearing components in structures, are receiving increasing attention. Especially under complex loads and special boundary conditions, the performance changes of plates are directly related to the safety and durability of the structure.

[0003] Traditional plate performance testing equipment primarily relies on single boundary conditions, making it difficult to meet the diverse boundary conditions required in actual engineering projects. This results in a gap between test results and practical applications. Furthermore, existing equipment has limited flexibility and accuracy in loading systems and data acquisition, making it impossible to fully reveal the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of plates under complex working conditions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative test device and test method that can accurately test the mechanical properties of the plate under the premise of simulating multiple boundary conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional testing device for testing the mechanical properties of a plate, characterized in that it includes a supporting device for supporting a test plate, a self-reaction device mounted above the supporting device, a restraining device for restraining the test plate, a loading device for applying pressure to the test plate, and a measuring device for monitoring the stress state of the test plate;

[0006] The multifunctional experimental device realizes the performance test of the test plate under complex boundary conditions by adjusting the anchoring position of the self-reaction device, the number and position of the support device, and the thrust of the constraint device.

[0007] Furthermore, the test slab includes a one-way slab and a two-way slab;

[0008] The restraint device includes a roller for realizing simple support restraint of the one-way plate and a restraint jack for realizing fixed restraint of the two-way plate. The roller is arranged between the loading device and the one-way plate, and the restraint jack is fixed to the self-reaction device.

[0009] Furthermore, the supporting device includes a plurality of steel supports for achieving common support and a steel plate mounted on the upper surfaces of the plurality of steel supports;

[0010] When the test plate is a one-way plate, both ends of the one-way plate are directly placed on the upper surfaces of the two steel supports;

[0011] When the test plate is a two-way plate, the steel plate is mounted on the upper surfaces of multiple steel supports, and the test plate is placed on the steel supports.

[0012] Furthermore, the self-reaction force device includes a frame body, which is composed of four steel columns, at least two restraining steel beams and a loading steel beam. The bottom surface of the restraining steel beam is fixed with a restraining jack, and the bottom surface of the loading steel beam is fixed with a loading jack.

[0013] The four steel columns are composed of two and are connected by a restraining steel beam. The two ends of the loading steel beam are fixed to the two restraining steel beams respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, when the test plate is a two-way plate, at least two restraining I-beams are provided between the two restraining I-beams and are respectively provided on both sides of the loading I-beam to achieve fixed restraint on the boundary of the two-way plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the loading device includes a loading jack and multiple constraint jacks. The loading jack applies pressure to the one-way plate or the two-way plate through the first force transmission frame in conjunction with the roller or pad. The constraint jack achieves fixed constraint on the boundary of the one-way plate or the two-way plate by abutting the second force transmission frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the measuring device includes a steel bar strain gauge, a concrete strain gauge and a wire-type displacement sensor, the steel bar strain gauge is glued and fixed to the steel bars in the test plate, the concrete strain gauge is glued and fixed to the surface of the test plate, and the wire-type displacement sensor is fixed to the bottom and top surfaces of the test plate;

[0017] The multifunctional testing device reads the thrust force of the loading device and the data of the measuring device through an external terminal, and monitors the deformation process and failure form of the test plate through a detector.

[0018] A multifunctional test method for testing the mechanical properties of a plate, using a multifunctional test device for testing the mechanical properties of a plate, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: According to the size of the test plate, adjust the anchor position of the steel column, adjust the installation height of the restraining steel beam and the loading steel beam on the steel column, and adjust the placement and number of steel supports;

[0020] S2: Place the test plate on top of the support device and ensure that the test plate is centered and the edge is below the restraining steel beam;

[0021] S3: According to the type of test plate, adjust the number of restraining steel beams and the boundary type for restraining the test plate, start the restraining jack, apply the load according to the test design through the second force transmission frame, and monitor the jacking force;

[0022] S4: When the load stabilizes, place the first force transmission frame and rollers or pads on top of the test plate as needed. Attach concrete strain gauges to the concrete surface of the test plate. Install wire-type displacement sensors on the bottom and top surfaces of the test plate. Connect the strain gauges and sensors to external terminals and perform testing using a tester.

[0023] S5: After checking that the measuring device is operating normally, start the loading jack, apply the load step by step according to the test design, and conduct full-process testing until the test is completed.

[0024] Furthermore, in S5 , the load is gradually applied by force control or displacement control.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in:

[0026] 1. Through the method and device of the present invention, the boundary type of the test plate can be flexibly adjusted, including various boundary conditions such as fixed and simply supported. At the same time, it has multiple loading modes, can simulate complex load distribution and change processes, and can conduct research on single and double-way plates respectively, and can accurately evaluate the stress-deformation performance of single and double-way plates.

[0027] 2. A test environment with flexible configuration, including self-reaction devices and support devices that can be adjusted to different heights and widths according to the different requirements of the test board size.

[0028] 3. It can simulate the real load transfer process of plate components under arbitrary boundary conditions. The loading process is continuous, highly mechanized, and has low manual safety risks.

[0029] 4. The development and application of the multifunctional test device and test method of the present invention will provide a scientific basis for the design, analysis and optimization of panels in complex structures, and significantly improve the safety and economy of building structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is an axonometric drawing of the test device in the present invention (one-way plate).

[0031] Figure 2 It is the front view of the test device in the present invention (one-way board).

[0032] Figure 3 It is a left view of the test device in the present invention (one-way plate).

[0033] Figure 4 It is a top view of the test device in the present invention (one-way slab).

[0034] Figure 5 It is an axonometric drawing (two-way plate) of the test device in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6This is the main view of the test device in the present invention (two-way plate).

[0036] Figure 7 It is the left view of the test device in the present invention (two-way plate).

[0037] Figure 8 It is a top view of the test device in the present invention (two-way plate).

[0038] Figure 9 It is a monitoring diagram of the plate specimen of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the specimen transport vehicle in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the laminated single and double-sided slabs in the present invention.

[0041] Among them, 1. Steel column; 2. Steel pad; 3. Constrained steel beam; 4. Constrained jack; 5. Ground anchor bolt; 6. Steel cap; 7. Ground; 8. Loading steel beam; 9. Loading jack; 10. First force transmission frame; 11. Roller; 12. One-way plate; 13. Second force transmission frame; 14. Steel support; 15. Steel plate; 16. Pad; 17. Two-way plate; 18. Steel bar strain gauge; 19. Concrete strain gauge; 20. Wire-type displacement sensor; 21. Terminal; 22. Detector; 23. Composite one-way plate; 24. Composite two-way plate; 25. Specimen transport vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will provide a more detailed description of a multifunctional testing device and testing method for plate mechanical properties testing according to the present invention in conjunction with schematic diagrams, which show preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the invention described herein while still achieving the beneficial effects of the present invention. Therefore, the following description should be understood as being widely known to those skilled in the art and not as a limitation to the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical property testing includes a self-reaction force device, a supporting device, a restraining device, a loading device and a measuring device.

[0044] The present invention is described in detail with one-way slabs and two-way slabs as specific embodiments.

[0045] Reflexive force device

[0046] The frame body is composed of steel columns 1 and steel beams, wherein the steel column 1 is an I-beam. The steel beam is an I-beam, which is differentiated by its function, including a loading steel beam 8 for fixing the loading jack, and a restraining steel beam 3 for fixing the restraining jack. The bottom of the four I-beams is provided with a steel base 6, which is fixed to the ground 7 by anchor bolts 5. The four steel columns 1 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the support device, and are arranged in pairs relative to each other. They are fixed by a steel pad 2 and a restraining steel beam 3. The two restraining steel beams 3 are connected by a loading steel beam 8 to achieve the fixation of the restraining jack 4 and the loading jack 9. The above-mentioned setting is used for the mechanical performance test of the one-way plate 12. If it is used for the two-way plate 17, it is located on both sides of the loading steel beam 8. A restraining steel beam 3 is also provided between the two restraining steel beams 3 to fix the restraining jack 4 to realize the constraint of the boundary of the two-way plate 17.

[0047] Support device

[0048] It includes multiple steel supports 14 fixed to the ground with bolts. The number of steel supports 14 is determined by whether the experimental object is a one-way slab 12 or a two-way slab 17. If it is a one-way slab 12, the number of steel supports 14 is at least two, and they are fixed directly below the connection between the loading steel beam 8 and the restraining steel beam 3. The one-way slab 12 is directly placed on the upper surface of the two steel supports 14. If it is a two-way slab 17, the number of steel supports 14 is at least six, fixed below the restraining steel beam 3, and located at the four corners of the two-way slab 17 and below the middle of both sides. The upper surface of the six steel supports 14 is paved with steel plates 15, and the two-way slab 17 is placed on the upper surface of the steel plates 15. Figure 9 The one-way slab 12 and the two-way slab 17 are transported by a specimen transport vehicle 25 .

[0049] Restraints and loading devices

[0050] The loading device includes a loading jack 9 for loading and a restraining jack 4 for restraining. The two have the same structure, different indicating functions, and are placed in different positions. The thrust of all jacks can be read and set through the terminal.

[0051] The restraint device includes a second force transmission frame 13 and rollers 11 for achieving simply supported restraint of the one-way slab 12. When the test object is the one-way slab 12, the rollers 11 and the second force transmission frame 13 are placed on the upper surface of the one-way slab 12, which are used to transmit the applied loads to the loading jack 9 and the restraining jack 4, respectively. The loading jack 9 applies the load by abutting against the first force transmission frame 10. The two rollers 11 are respectively placed at the bottom of the two ends of the first force transmission frame 10. The two second force transmission frames 13 are respectively placed below the connection between the restraining steel beam 3 and the loading steel beam 8, and are located directly below the two restraining jacks 4.

[0052] When the test object is a two-way slab 17, at least three restraining jacks 4 are evenly spaced at the bottom of each restraining steel beam 3. Directly below each restraining jack 4, a second force transmission frame 13 is placed on the upper surface of the two-way slab 17. To accommodate the area of the two-way slab 17, loading jacks 9 are assembled from three first force transmission frames 10, with pads 16 placed at the bottom of each of the two lower first force transmission frames 10 to apply the load to the two-way slab 17.

[0053] Measuring device

[0054] refer to Figure 10 , including steel bar strain gauges 18 attached to the steel bars in the test plate, concrete strain gauges 19 attached to the surface of the test plate, and wire-type displacement sensors 20 installed on the bottom and upper surfaces of the test plate. The above multiple strain gauges and displacement sensors are all connected to an external terminal 21 and monitored by a monitor 22. In this embodiment, the terminal 21 is a PC and the monitor 22 is a three-dimensional laser scanner.

[0055] The method for conducting the test using the above test device includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Based on the test slab size (one-way slab 12 or two-way slab 17), adjust the anchoring position of the steel column 1 on the ground 7, adjust the installation height of the restraining steel beam 3 and the loading steel beam 8 on the steel column 1, and adjust the placement and number of the steel supports 14 in the support device;

[0057] Step 2: Place the one-way slab 12 or two-way slab 17 on the supporting device and ensure that the test slab is centered and the boundary is directly below the restraining steel beam 3;

[0058] Step 3: Set the boundaries for the test plate according to the test boundary design. If the constraint is simply supported, place rollers 11 between the first force transmission frame 10 and the test plate in advance. If the constraint is fixed, activate the constraint jack 4, apply the load according to the test design through the second force transmission frame 13, and monitor the thrust force.

[0059] Step 4: After the load stabilizes, place the first force transmission frame 10 and roller 11 or pad 16 above the specimen. Attach a concrete strain gauge 19 to the concrete surface of the test plate. Install a cable-type displacement sensor 20 on the bottom and body of the test plate. Connect each monitoring device to the monitoring instrument 22.

[0060] Step 5: After checking that all measuring devices are operating normally, start the loading jack 9 and gradually apply the load according to the test design. The load can be set to force control or displacement control, and the whole process is monitored. The test is completed.

[0061] It should be noted that the present invention can carry out stress performance tests of various test panels under complex boundary conditions for test panels of different sizes, different concrete strength grades, different loading positions, loading methods and load types, and can accurately evaluate the stress-deformation performance of the test panels.

[0062] refer to Figure 11 The test slabs in the present invention are not limited to integrally cast one-way slabs and two-way slabs. Other types such as composite one-way slabs 23 and composite two-way slabs 24 can also be tested using the device of the present invention.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art who, without departing from the scope of the present invention, makes any equivalent substitution, modification, or other changes to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention shall be deemed to be within the scope of the present invention and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing, characterized in that: It includes a supporting device for supporting the test plate, a self-reaction device mounted above the supporting device, a restraining device for restraining the test plate, a loading device for applying pressure to the test plate, and a measuring device for monitoring the stress state of the test plate; The multifunctional experimental device realizes the performance test of the test plate under complex boundary conditions by adjusting the anchoring position of the self-reaction device, the number and position of the support device, and the thrust of the constraint device.

2. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test plate includes a one-way plate and a two-way plate; The restraint device includes a roller for realizing simple support restraint of the one-way plate and a restraint jack for realizing fixed restraint of the two-way plate. The roller is arranged between the loading device and the one-way plate, and the restraint jack is fixed to the self-reaction force device.

3. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting device includes a plurality of steel supports for achieving common support and a steel plate mounted on the upper surfaces of the plurality of steel supports; When the test plate is a one-way plate, both ends of the one-way plate are directly placed on the upper surfaces of two steel supports; When the test plate is a bidirectional plate, the steel plate is mounted on the upper surfaces of a plurality of steel supports, and the test plate is placed on the steel supports.

4. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The self-reaction force device includes a frame body, which is composed of four steel columns, at least two restraining steel beams and a loading steel beam. A restraining jack is fixed to the bottom surface of the restraining steel beam, and a loading jack is fixed to the bottom surface of the loading steel beam. The four steel columns are composed of two and are all connected by a restraining steel beam, and the two ends of the loading steel beam are respectively fixed to the two restraining steel beams.

5. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the test plate is a two-way plate, at least two more restraining I-beams are provided between the two restraining I-beams and are respectively provided on both sides of the loading I-beam to achieve fixed restraint on the boundary of the two-way plate.

6. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical property testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The loading device includes a loading jack and multiple constraint jacks. The loading jack applies pressure to the one-way plate or the two-way plate respectively through a first force transmission frame in conjunction with a roller or a pad. The constraint jack achieves fixed constraint on the boundary of the one-way plate or the two-way plate by abutting against the second force transmission frame.

7. The multifunctional testing device for plate mechanical properties testing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The measuring device includes a steel bar strain gauge, a concrete strain gauge and a wire-type displacement sensor. The steel bar strain gauge is fixed to the steel bars in the test plate, the concrete strain gauge is fixed to the surface of the test plate, and the wire-type displacement sensor is fixed to the bottom and top surfaces of the test plate. The multifunctional testing device reads the thrust force of the loading device and the data of the measuring device through an external terminal, and monitors the deformation process and failure form of the test plate through a detector.

8. A multifunctional testing method for testing the mechanical properties of a plate, using the multifunctional testing device for testing the mechanical properties of a plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: According to the size of the test plate, adjust the anchor position of the steel column, adjust the installation height of the restraining steel beam and the loading steel beam on the steel column, and adjust the placement and number of steel supports; S2: Place the test plate on top of the support device and ensure that the test plate is centered and the edge is below the restraining steel beam; S3: According to the type of test plate, adjust the number of restraining steel beams and the boundary type for restraining the test plate, start the restraining jack, apply the load according to the test design through the second force transmission frame, and monitor the jacking force; S4: When the load stabilizes, place the first force transmission frame and rollers or pads on top of the test plate as needed. Attach concrete strain gauges to the concrete surface of the test plate. Install wire-type displacement sensors on the bottom and top surfaces of the test plate. Connect the strain gauges and sensors to external terminals and perform testing using a tester. S5: After checking that the measuring device is operating normally, start the loading jack, apply the load step by step according to the test design, and conduct full-process testing until the test is completed.

9. The multifunctional test method for plate mechanical properties test according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S5 , the load is gradually applied by force control or displacement control.

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