Signaling for wireless communication

Abstract

A method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network is disclosed, the method comprising communicating based on a received first signaling, the first signaling comprising a preamble portion and a message portion. The disclosure also relates to related devices and methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, particularly wireless communications for high frequencies. Background Art

[0002] For future wireless communication systems, it is likely that different frequency ranges and / or high-frequency ranges will be used for data transmission. Furthermore, different TRPs (transmit / receive points) may be utilized. Particularly for high frequencies, channel conditions, in particular timing (e.g., path delay) and / or path loss (power loss), may vary significantly for relatively small differences in frequency and / or TRPs at different locations. Furthermore, high frequencies often use short time scales for symbols and prefixes; the path delay effect may be significantly greater than the prefix time, which may affect the timing of signaling processing, particularly in OFDM-based systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for improved signaling for wireless communications (particularly for random access). The methods described may be used in one or more different frequency ranges. For example, they may be implemented in a frequency range (e.g., carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) for communication signaling of 1 GHz or more, 2 GHz or more, 5 GHz or more, or 6 GHz or more, or 10 GHz or more and / or millimeter wave communications, in particular radio carrier frequencies around and / or above 52.6 GHz, which may be considered high radio frequencies (high frequencies) and / or millimeter waves. The carrier frequency(ies) may be between 52.6 GHz and 140 GHz, for example with a lower boundary between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or an upper boundary between 71, 72, 90, 114, 140 GHz or higher, in particular between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72 GHz; however, higher frequencies may be considered, in particular frequencies of 71 GHz or 72 GHz or higher, and / or 100 GHz or higher, and / or 140 GHz or higher. The carrier frequency may specifically refer to the center frequency or maximum frequency of a carrier. The radio nodes and / or networks described herein may operate in a broadband having, for example, a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of 400 MHz or more, in particular 1 GHz or more, or 2 GHz or more, or even greater (e.g., 6 GHz or more or 8 GHz or more); the bandwidth scheduled or allocated may be the carrier bandwidth, or smaller, for example depending on the channel and / or process. In some cases, the operation may be based on an OFDM waveform or an SC-FDM waveform (e.g., downlink and / or uplink), in particular a waveform based on FDF-SC-FDM. However, for the downlink and / or uplink, operations based on a single carrier waveform may be considered, such as SC-FDE (which may be pulse shaped or frequency-domain filtered, for example based on a modulation scheme and / or MCS). In general, different waveforms may be used for different communication directions. Communications using or utilizing carriers and / or beams may correspond to operations using or utilizing carriers and / or beams, and / or may include transmitting on a carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on a carrier and / or beam. The operation may be based on and / or associated with a numerology that may indicate subcarrier spacing and / or duration of an allocation unit and / or its equivalent (e.g., compared to an OFDM-based system). The subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency spacing may correspond to, for example, 960 kHz or 1920 kHz, e.g., representing the bandwidth of a subcarrier or equivalent.

[0004] The method is particularly advantageously implemented in future 6th generation (6G) telecommunication networks or 6G radio access technologies or networks (RAT / RAN), in particular according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standardization organization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to, for example, Release 18 or later, NR or LTE evolution. However, the method may also be used with other RATs, such as future 5.5G systems or IEEE-based systems.

[0005] A (first) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network is disclosed. The method comprises communicating based on received first signaling, the first signaling comprising a preamble portion and a message portion.

[0006] A (first) receiving radio node for a radio access network is proposed. The receiving radio node is adapted to communicate based on received first signaling, the first signaling comprising a preamble part and a message part.

[0007] Furthermore, a (first) method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is considered. The method comprises transmitting first signalling comprising a preamble part and a message part.

[0008] Furthermore, a (first) transmitting radio node for a radio access network is described. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit a first signalling comprising a preamble part and a message part.

[0009] Generally, a (second) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network may be considered. The method includes receiving first signaling, the first signaling representing a random access response, the random access response being represented by a separate control information message. A (second) receiving radio node for a radio access network may be considered. The receiving radio node is adapted to receive first signaling, the first signaling representing a random access response, the random access response being represented by a separate control information message. A (second) method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is described. The method includes transmitting first signaling to a receiving radio node, the first signaling representing a random access response, the random access response being represented by a separate control information message. Furthermore, a (second) transmitting radio node for a radio access network is disclosed. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit first signaling to a receiving radio node, the first signaling representing a random access response, the random access response being represented by a separate control information message. Generally, the second method and apparatus may be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Thus, the second method may include one or more features of the other methods described, and / or the second apparatus may include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein. The random access response may be associated with and / or transmitted on a physical control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)). It may be considered that a separate control information message does not indicate receipt of another message to the receiving radio node and / or does not indicate data channel transmission (e.g., MsgB or Msg2). The separate control information message may be scheduled for transmission by the receiving radio node. The random access response may have a repetitive time domain structure.

[0010] Receiving the first signaling may generally include receiving and / or monitoring the first signaling, and / or determining timing based on the first signaling, in particular based on a preamble portion and / or the preamble, and / or based on a multi-symbol repetition structure of the first signaling or a portion thereof. The preamble portion may include, represent, and / or correspond to the preamble; it may also include a time slot and / or pilot signaling. Communicating based on the received first signaling may include determining and / or adjusting and / or setting a (second) timing, e.g., for receiving further signaling and / or a portion of the first signaling, such as a message portion or message content, such as control information or signaling on a data channel. Alternatively or additionally, it may include adjusting and / or determining and / or setting a (third) timing for transmission, e.g., in response to the received first signaling and / or based on scheduling information that may be provided by the first signaling. Additionally or alternatively, communicating based on the received first signaling may include, for example, receiving signaling, e.g., the first signaling, and / or further signaling based on the timing, and / or may include, for example, transmitting signaling based on and / or according to the associated timing. The message portion may include one or more messages, which may be on the same or different channels, such as a physical layer channel and / or a transport or logical channel, and / or a control channel (such as a PDCCH or PSCCH) and / or a data channel (such as a PDSCH or PSSCH). It can be considered that the preamble portion has a different set of parameters than the message portion, such as a longer symbol time interval duration and / or a longer cyclic prefix duration. The first timing may be used to receive the first signaling and / or the preamble portion, and / or to determine the (second) timing for reception and / or the (third) timing for transmission. The first FFT window timing may be associated with the first timing, and the second FFT window timing may be associated with the second timing; the FFT window may be used for FFT processing of the signaling.

[0011] Thus, for example in systems with high parameter sets and / or short symbol timescales, timing shifts can be accommodated, for example due to scenarios involving different transmitters / TRPs and / or potential path delays much longer than the cyclic prefix duration.

[0012] It can be considered that the preamble portion may include reference signaling. The reference signaling may be synchronization signaling, such as synchronization CSI-RS (in the form of CSI-RS). Thus, known waveforms may be used; however, newly designed signaling or other known signaling, such as variations of PSS and / or SSS or DM-RS, may also be used.

[0013] It can be considered that the preamble portion can cover multiple allocation units (e.g., multiple block symbols and / or symbol time intervals) and / or can be carried over multiple allocation units. In particular, it can cover two allocation units and / or can be carried over two allocation units. This allows the use of cyclically shifted signals or symbol content, for example, to facilitate timing determination.

[0014] In some cases, the preamble portion may be based on a sequence root and / or represent a predefined sequence. The root or sequence may be selected from a set of roots and / or sequences, which may be predefined, for example, in a standard. This selection may be indicated to the receiving radio node, for example, by the transmitting radio node based on system information signaling and / or control signaling. This allows for efficient signaling with low overhead, and / or unambiguous use and / or efficient processing of the root or sequence.

[0015] Different parts of the preamble portion (e.g., parts associated with different allocation units) can be shifted relative to each other and / or based on the same sequence root and / or sequence. The shift can be a cyclic shift, and / or different parts of the shift can represent cyclic extensions of each other; this can include one or more prefixes (which can be cyclically extended to the leading symbol tail) and trailing symbols or symbol content. Two or more parts of the preamble (e.g., on adjacent and / or boundary symbols) can represent a cyclic extension and / or a repeated sequence, which can be based on a (shorter number of elements) sequence that can be at least partially repeated. The shift can be a cyclic shift and / or based on a phase ramp, such as a linear ramp.

[0016] It can be considered that the message part can represent and / or include a random access response, and / or a data channel message and / or a control channel message, such as a scheduling assignment for a scheduled data channel message. The random access response can be MsgB or Msg2. Therefore, this method can be used for a random access procedure, for example, if a change of carrier or TRP is used.

[0017] Typically, the first signaling may be preceded by pilot signaling, such as an AGC pilot. This may facilitate training of circuits for reception and / or adaptation to power variations.

[0018] It can be considered that a message part may include one or more messages and / or be composed of one or more messages. The messages may be associated with each other, for example, a scheduling assignment that schedules another one or more messages may be considered as part of a message part.

[0019] The first signaling may be indicated and / or configured by configuration signaling, particularly broadcast signaling and / or synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling. The signaling may be SSB signaling and / or may be carried on an SSB beam. The configuration signaling may generally indicate an MsgB configuration and / or a preamble configuration. The configuration signaling may indicate different TRPs and / or transmitters and / or TRPs may be used to transmit synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling as well as the first signaling.

[0020] A (third) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network is described. The method comprises communicating based on received first signaling, the first signaling comprising one or more messages, wherein one or more of the messages have a repeating time domain structure.

[0021] A (third) receiving radio node for a radio access network is proposed. The receiving radio node is adapted to communicate based on received first signaling, the first signaling comprising one or more messages, wherein one or more of the messages have a repetitive time domain structure.

[0022] A (third) method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is discussed. The method comprises transmitting first signalling comprising one or more messages, wherein one or more of the messages have a repeating time domain structure.

[0023] Furthermore, a (third) transmitting radio node for a radio access network is disclosed.The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit first signaling, the first signaling comprising one or more messages, wherein one or more of the messages have a repeating time domain structure.

[0024] Generally speaking, the third method and apparatus can be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Thus, the third method can include one or more features of the other methods described, and / or the third apparatus can include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein.

[0025] The message portion and / or one or more messages may include a random access response and / or a data channel message and / or a control channel message. The messages may be associated with each other, for example, a scheduling assignment indicating scheduling of another message or messages may be considered part of the message portion. In this case, the scheduling assignment may not necessarily be a separate control information message.

[0026] The number of repetitions may indicate the number of occurrences, e.g., of symbol content or signaling. Thus, one repetition may indicate only one occurrence, two repetitions may indicate two occurrences, and so on. The time-domain structure of the repetitions may indicate that the (symbol) content of at least one allocation unit or symbol is repeated at least twice, e.g., on adjacent or boundary allocation units or symbols. The repetitions may generally be based on a shift of the content, e.g., a cyclic shift and / or a linear ramp.

[0027] The repeated time domain structure may include repeating the signaling (its content) carried on at least one allocation unit (in particular, one block symbol and / or symbol time interval). It may include repeating the content of more than one allocation unit, for example, each content of the PDCCH and / or PDSCH, or each content of the message may be repeated at least twice.

[0028] It can be considered that the repetitive time domain structure may include only one repetition of the signaling (its content) carried in each allocation unit of at least one message (in particular, each block symbol and / or symbol time interval of at least one message). The message may be one of multiple messages, in particular a data channel message, such as an MsgB message. Therefore, the signaling overhead is limited.

[0029] The message may be MsgB, for example, in a random access procedure.

[0030] The one or more messages may include control channel messages and data channel messages, wherein different repetition time domain structures may be associated with different messages. For example, a control channel message (e.g., on a PDCCH and / or a scheduled assignment scheduling a data channel message) may have two or more repetitions, while a data channel message may have a lower repetition rate, e.g., one or one less than the repetition rate of the control channel message. Each message may generally cover one or more allocation units and / or carry each message on one or more allocation units.

[0031] A (fourth) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network is also considered. The method comprises transmitting signaling based on a transmit timing based on a signaling characteristic of received first signaling.

[0032] A (fourth) receiving radio node for a radio access network is disclosed. The receiving radio node is adapted to transmit signaling based on a transmit timing that is based on a signaling characteristic of a received first signaling.

[0033] A fourth method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is provided. The method comprises transmitting system information signaling and / or first signaling. The first signaling may have a signaling characteristic, and / or the system information signaling may indicate a signaling characteristic of the first signaling.

[0034] Furthermore, a (fourth) transmitting radio node for a radio access network is considered. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit system information signaling and / or first signaling. The first signaling may have a signaling characteristic, and / or the system information signaling may indicate a signaling characteristic of the first signaling.

[0035] Generally speaking, the fourth method and apparatus can be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Thus, the fourth method can include one or more features of the other methods described herein, and / or the fourth apparatus can include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein.

[0036] The signaling characteristics may indicate and / or represent a format and / or a time domain structure and / or a repetition structure, and / or the presence or absence or format of a preamble portion and / or pilot signaling and / or a message portion or a data channel message, and / or allocation information for transmitting or receiving the first signaling, such as time and / or frequency resources. The transmission timing may indicate the timing for transmission to the transmitting radio node and / or for uplink and / or to the second transmitter; it may be advanced relative to the reception timing to allow for path delays to the transmitting radio node.

[0037] It can be considered that the timing advance indication included in the first signaling is omitted or does not include the timing advance indication. This may be based on configuration signaling. The timing advance indication may be ignored or overwritten, for example, because it may be outdated due to a change in the TRP or carrier. In some cases, the timing advance indication can be used as a basis for determining the transmission timing, for example by taking into account additional information to adjust the transmission timing.

[0038] The transmission timing may also be based on received configuration signaling and / or system information signaling. The signaling may indicate another TRP for the first signaling and / or as a target for the receiving radio node to transmit, in addition to the TRP used for the system information signaling. Additionally or alternatively, a maximum timing difference may be assumed and / or indicated by the system information signaling or configuration signaling, which may be transmitted by the transmitting radio node and / or the first transmitter. The timing difference may be based on and / or represented and / or indicated by a distance or spatial position offset between the first transmitter and the second transmitter.

[0039] The system information signaling or the configuration signaling may indicate that the transmission timing is based on the signaling characteristics of the first signaling and / or the content of the first signaling.

[0040] The signaling characteristics may relate to the preamble portion of the first signaling and / or the repetitive time domain structure. The signaling characteristics may include one or more characteristics. They may represent one or more of presence, timing, FFT window position, and / or time and / or frequency resources and / or format and / or content.

[0041] The system information signaling may generally indicate the content and / or signaling characteristics of the first signaling.

[0042] A (fifth) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network is considered. The method comprises communicating based on received pilot signaling, the pilot signaling being associated with first signaling.

[0043] Also disclosed is a (fifth) receiving radio node for a radio access network. The receiving radio node is adapted to communicate based on received pilot signaling, the pilot signaling being associated with the first signaling.

[0044] A (fifth) method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is described. The method comprises transmitting pilot signalling and first signalling, the pilot signalling being associated with the first signalling.

[0045] Furthermore, a (fifth) transmitting radio node for a radio access network is proposed. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit pilot signaling and first signaling, the pilot signaling being associated with the first signaling.

[0046] In general, the fifth method and apparatus can be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Therefore, the fifth method may include one or more features of the other methods described, and / or the fifth apparatus may include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein. The pilot signaling associated with the first signaling may include and / or represent a pilot signal that is ahead of the first signaling in time (e.g., ahead in time so that there is a maximum time interval between the end of the pilot signaling and the beginning of the first signaling), such as a maximum of one time slot, or 10 allocation units, or 5 allocation units. Alternatively or additionally, it may refer to a power level indicating the first signaling, and / or allow setting or tuning of a receiving circuit for receiving the first signaling, and / or be instructed to be transmitted together with a signaling that also indicates the transmission of the first signaling.

[0047] Pilot signaling may involve automatic gain control and / or power control. This may allow circuits to be set up or tuned even when using different power levels, for example due to rapidly changing conditions and / or because different transmitters are used for the first signaling and earlier signaling (e.g., system information signaling).

[0048] The power level of the pilot signaling may be indicated to a receiving radio node, for example, in system information signaling (eg, broadcast) or configuration signaling, or in the pilot signaling itself (eg, encoded or indicated therein).

[0049] It can be considered that the first signaling can be received based on the pilot signaling. For example, the receive gain can be based on the pilot signaling. The pilot signaling can represent and / or include a training sequence for a receiving radio node, such as for its radio circuitry and / or receiver and / or transceiver. In general, the pilot signaling can be based on and / or represent a signaling sequence, such as based on a sequence root.

[0050] It can be considered that the first signaling and the pilot signaling are transmitted by the same transmitter, for example, by the same transmitter among a plurality of transmitters available for transmitting the radio node. This can ensure reliable training or gain control based on the pilot signaling.

[0051] There may be a time domain gap between the pilot signaling and the first signaling. The gap may include at least no signaling to be received by the receiving radio node on the carrier of the pilot signaling and / or the first signaling. In general, the pilot signaling and the first signaling may be transmitted on the same carrier and / or on completely or at least partially overlapping frequency resources.

[0052] The pilot signaling may have a comb-like structure in the frequency domain. The comb may allow for optimized resource utilization.

[0053] Pilot signaling can be indicated by system information signaling.

[0054] Consider a (sixth) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network. The method includes communicating based on a received random access response, the random access response having a plurality of symbol contents, the random access response having a signaling structure in which, for each symbol content, the symbol content is sequentially repeated NO times, where NO is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0055] A (sixth) receiving radio node for a radio access network is also described. The receiving radio node is adapted to communicate based on a received random access response, the random access response having a plurality of symbol contents, the random access response having a signaling structure in which, for each symbol content, the symbol content is sequentially repeated NO times, where NO is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0056] Furthermore, a sixth method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is proposed, the method comprising transmitting a random access response, the random access response having a plurality of symbol contents, the random access response having a signaling structure in which, for each symbol content, the symbol content is sequentially repeated NO times, where NO is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0057] A sixth transmitting radio node for a radio access network is disclosed. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit a random access response, the random access response having a plurality of symbol contents, the random access response having a signaling structure in which, for each symbol content, the symbol content is sequentially repeated NO times, where NO is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0058] In general, the sixth method and apparatus may be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Thus, the sixth method may include one or more features of the other methods described herein, and / or the sixth apparatus may include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein. The sequentially repeated symbol content may correspond to a repetitive time domain structure as described herein. It may be considered that the symbol content is the content of a message of a random access response, such as a scheduling assignment or a control information message (e.g., a PDCCH). The random access response may correspond to MsgB or Msg2. It may be considered that the random access response may correspond to the first signaling.

[0059] In the signaling structure, a cyclic prefix may precede each sequence of repetitions of the symbol content. Repetitions after the first in the sequence may not have a cyclic prefix.

[0060] The receiving radio node may be adapted to operate according to a transmit timing structure, wherein in the signalling structure at least one repetition of the symbol content is not aligned with the transmit timing structure.The transmit timing structure may correspond to a timing or structure corresponding to received system information signalling.

[0061] NO can be 2 or 3 in particular.

[0062] The symbol content being repeated NO times may mean that the symbol content is transmitted NO times. Sequential repetition may mean that each occurrence is temporally adjacent to at least one other occurrence, e.g., forming a chain or sequence of adjacent occurrences of the symbol content; it may be considered that no other signaling is interspersed among the NO repetitions. Symbol content may refer to signaling carried as information and / or content within a time interval, e.g., corresponding to a symbol time interval. A cyclic prefix may correspond to a partial repetition of the symbol content, e.g., indicating the end of the symbol content. Symbol content may refer to the physical characteristics of the signaling, e.g., regarding frequency and / or modulation and / or waveform and / or signal form. Different symbol contents (content repeated in different sequences) may differ. In some cases, they may be identical, e.g., if portions of a preamble are repeated. Thus, repetition may refer to the same modulation symbol transmitted on each repetition, or a cyclically shifted symbol or content. Symbol content may generally refer to signaling without a cyclic prefix. Symbol content may also be referred to as the symbol itself, rather than the cyclic prefix. The signaling structure may specify the temporal arrangement of the signaling and / or symbol content and / or cyclic prefix, e.g., the temporal order and / or corresponding duration(s). Generally speaking, NO sequential repetitions of a symbol content can be referred to as a repetition sequence. If there are NC symbol contents, there can be NC repetition sequences. The occurrences or repetitions of the same content can be shifted relative to each other, such as by cyclic shift. The symbol content can be the symbol content of a message (e.g., a control information message) in a random access response. Different messages of the random access response (if any) can have different NOs, such as smaller NOs and / or NO=1.

[0063] The communication based on the random access response may include and / or correspond to the communication based on the first signaling.

[0064] In the signaling structure, a cyclic prefix may be placed before each repetitive sequence of symbol content. Different sequences may have different cyclic prefixes. In general, the cyclic prefix may be adapted (e.g. in terms of duration) to align the repetitive sequence plus the cyclic prefix with the transmit timing structure, e.g. such that the start of the cyclic prefix and the end of the repetitive sequence (the end of the last symbol content repetition) may be aligned with symbol boundaries (e.g. of the uplink transmit timing structure (e.g. the uplink frame structure)). This may result in the same duration of NO symbols depending on the timing structure and NO repetitions plus the cyclic prefix; whether the actual alignment occurs may depend on the path delay, at least before the timing advance sent to or determined by the radio node.

[0065] A receiving radio node may generally be adapted to operate according to a transmit timing structure (e.g., a frame structure) and / or based on a parameter set. A transmitting radio node, such as a network node, may be adapted to indicate the frame structure and / or parameter set, for example, via system information signaling and / or broadcast signaling, such as SSB signaling and / or system information signaling; a wireless device may be adapted to receive such broadcast signaling and / or system information. In the signaling structure, at least one repetition of the symbol content may not be aligned with the transmit timing structure, and / or a duration associated with the symbol content may be shorter than a symbol time interval according to the transmit timing structure (which may include a cyclic prefix of the transmit timing structure).

[0066] In general, the symbol content may include a preamble. Thus, one or more repeating sequences may represent a preamble or a portion thereof. A preamble may generally relate to and / or represent and / or include a sequence of signals or modulation symbols for random access, without higher layer coding. The preamble may be from a set of (pseudo)orthogonal sequences from which it may be randomly selected, or it may be specifically configured for a wireless device, for example, after a successful network connection is established. This set or a subset thereof may be available to all wireless devices and / or predefined by a standard. The preamble may be non-coded (e.g., error-free coding) and / or have a modulation different from the symbol that includes and / or carries and / or represents the coded information.

[0067] It can be considered that the symbol content may include and / or carry and / or represent encoded information. The encoded information may be specific to the wireless device, for example indicating an identification and / or one or more operating parameters; the encoded information may include error coding, in particular error detection coding and / or error correction coding. This may be in addition to the preamble, or alternatively thereto. The symbol content representing and / or carrying and / or including the encoded information may have a different modulation than that used for the preamble(s) and / or may be associated with and / or similar to transmission on a data channel such as the PDSCH.

[0068] In general, different symbols may have different contents. As an alternative and / or in addition to repeating the message as a whole, it is recommended to repeat parts of the message (represented by the symbol content) internally. This allows processing with low latency and can optimize resource usage.

[0069] The symbol content may be considered continuous in time. Thus, a sequence or repetition of a sequence may be provided, e.g., without interspersed time intervals not representing part of the sequence, and / or time intervals greater than the cyclic prefix time (e.g., depending on the signaling structure and / or parameter set and / or transmit timing structure) not being part of an interspersed sequence, e.g., to allow for some guard intervals.

[0070] The symbol contents may include and / or at least one symbol content may include reference signaling, such as demodulation reference signaling DM-RS.

[0071] Each symbol content repetition may be carried over one allocation unit (eg, a block symbol or a symbol time interval).

[0072] At least one symbol content may include a demodulation reference signaling DM-RS and may also include control information, in particular coded control information. This may correspond to a symbol time interval or allocation unit that carries both DM-RS and control information conveyed by PDCCH.

[0073] The at least one symbol content may comprise, in the frequency domain, demodulation reference signaling on a comb.

[0074] Consider a (seventh) method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network. The method comprises receiving synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling from a first transmitter; transmitting a random access message based on the synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling; and receiving a random access response from a second transmitter.

[0075] A (seventh) receiving radio node for a radio access network is proposed. The receiving radio node is adapted to receive synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling from a first transmitter, transmit a random access message based on the synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling, and receive a random access response from a second transmitter.

[0076] Furthermore, a seventh method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network is described, comprising transmitting synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling using a first transmitter, receiving a random access message from a receiving radio node, and transmitting a random access response using a second transmitter in response to the random access message.

[0077] A seventh transmitting radio node for a radio access network is disclosed. The transmitting radio node is adapted to transmit synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling using a first transmitter, receive a random access message from a receiving radio node, and transmit a random access response using a second transmitter in response to the random access message.

[0078] In general, the seventh method and apparatus may be implemented as one of the methods and apparatus described herein. Therefore, the seventh method may include one or more features of the other methods described, and / or the seventh apparatus may include one or more features of the other apparatus described herein. In general, the transmitting radio node may be suitable for controlling the first transmitter and / or the second transmitter, and / or may be implemented as the first transmitter or the second transmitter. The transmitting radio node may generally schedule and / or allocate resources for transmission and / or reception for the first transmitter and the second transmitter, and / or may schedule specific transmissions for the transmitter, such as the first signaling and the system information signaling. The random access message may be in response to and / or based on the system information signaling and / or synchronization signaling. It can be considered that the random access response is a form of the first signaling, such as MsgB.

[0079] The first transmitter may correspond to a first transmission reception point, and / or the second transmitter may correspond to a second transmission reception point.

[0080] The transmission indication indicating the transmitter change may be included in synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling. This may implicitly or explicitly indicate the use of a different transmitter and / or may correspond to configuration signaling and / or may indicate MsgB configuration and / or preamble configuration.

[0081] The random access response may be transmitted with a narrower beam angle than the synchronization signaling and / or system information signaling. Thus, the response may utilize higher beamforming gain and / or reduce potential interference to other receivers.

[0082] The random access response may include one or more messages, eg on a control channel and / or a data channel, eg as MsgB.

[0083] The random access response may include a preamble portion and a message portion, and / or the random access response may include one or more messages having a repetitive time domain structure.

[0084] The second transmitter may be operated based on the wake-up signal and / or information provided by the transmitting radio node and / or the first transmitter.

[0085] The methods described herein help adapt to varying channel conditions, particularly for high-frequency networks, due to variations in timing and / or power levels, which can occur between TRPs or between carriers or beams. Furthermore, due to the sensitivity of high-frequency signaling to timing effects, rapid changes can occur. Using multiple TRPs can optimize power and / or resource usage, limit interference, and / or offload systems used to transmit synchronization signaling.

[0086] A radio node (e.g., a transmitting or signaling radio node, and / or a receiving or feedback radio node) may operate in TDD mode, e.g., switching between DL periods and UL periods. A DL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using DL transmissions, and an UL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using UL transmissions (e.g., a network node may transmit during DL and receive during UL, and vice versa for a wireless device). It may be considered that there is a TDD guard period between the DL and UL periods and / or between the UL and DL periods, which may include multiple symbol time intervals, e.g., 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; the guard periods for DL / UL and UL / DL may have the same duration or different durations. The guard period may allow switching circuits between different communication directions and / or handling interference (particularly given that DL signaling is often much more powerful than (received) UL signaling). The antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels; different antenna arrangements may include different antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels. Different antenna arrangements and / or panels and / or subarrays and / or elements may be adapted to be controlled or controllable separately from each other. There may be the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated with DL and UL (at least within a certain time interval, e.g. alternating such that a DL period is followed by a UL period or vice versa), or different numbers or durations, e.g. (approximately) 3:1 (e.g. 3 DL periods followed by a TDD guard period and 1 UL period), or (approximately) 2:1, or even (approximately) 1:2 or 1:NU, where NU is 3 or greater (for UL-intensive scenarios). The UL period duration may be the same as or different from the DL period duration. The distribution and / or duration of the DL and UL periods may be referred to as a TDD mode; the TDD mode may be dynamically controllable (e.g. using DCI signaling), and / or configured or configurable (e.g. using higher layer signaling such as RRC signaling or RLC signaling), and / or may be semi-statically configurable or configurable. The TDD pattern may describe a minimum time domain distribution of (one or more) DL cycles and / or (one or more) UL cycles and / or (one or more) TDD protection periods that repeat over time, for example in one or more frames and / or subframes and / or time slots and / or over the duration of multiple repetitions of the TDD pattern.

[0087] It can be considered that the radio node is suitable for utilizing a number NP of antenna subarrays and / or panels, where NP can be an integer of 4 or greater. The antenna subarray can include a plurality of antenna elements, for example 4 or more, or 10 or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. The antenna subarray and / or the antenna elements associated therewith and / or included therein can be associated with and / or connected or connectable to one and / or the same antenna circuit, and / or can be jointly controllable for analog and / or digital beamforming, and / or operable for joint transmission or reception. The panel can include a support structure (e.g., plastic and / or metal material and / or wood) that supports one or more antenna subarrays, which can additionally support additional circuitry such as antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry. Each antenna subarray can be associated for a communication direction (e.g., reception or transmission) and / or a functionality (e.g., communication). It can be considered that the antenna elements of the antenna subarray share the same polarization, for example, horizontal or vertical. In some cases, NP can be an even number, where it can be assumed that NP / 2 antenna subarrays (and / or their antenna elements) can be associated with a first polarization (e.g., horizontal or vertical or left circular or right circular, or any other suitable polarization), while the other NP / 2 antenna subarrays are associated with a second polarization, which may be orthogonal to the first polarization. For example, the first polarization can be horizontal and the second polarization vertical, or the first polarization can be left circular and the second can be right circular. This allows for operation of multiple beams with good flexibility and / or greater signal capacity. In general, an antenna arrangement associated with a radio node can include one or more antenna subarrays, particularly an even number of antenna subarrays. In general, different antenna subarrays and / or panels can be used for different functions, such as transmitting or receiving and / or communicating, at different times. The polarization of an antenna element can be associated with a specific operating direction, such as for transmitting or receiving. The polarization can be different depending on the signaling direction (transmitting or receiving). For example, an antenna subarray can be associated with a first polarization for transmitting and a second polarization for receiving, or vice versa. This may be achieved, for example, by providing the sub-arrays with crossed linear antenna elements and providing associated connections / circuitry depending on the polarization.

[0088] A transmitter may generally refer to a device suitable for transmitting, but it may also be suitable for receiving and / or refer to a TRP or a radio node or an antenna arrangement. In some cases, a transmitter or TRP may be controlled by a radio node (e.g., a network node or a transmitting radio node); such a node may control one or more transmitters, such as a first transmitter and a second transmitter.

[0089] It can be considered that operating with signaling, such as communication signaling, and / or communicating with signaling, such as communication signaling, can include transmitting signaling (e.g., communication signaling) and / or receiving signaling (e.g., communication signaling). It can be considered that signaling, such as communication signaling, is based on an OFDM waveform, such as OFDM, or DFT-s-OFDM, or pulse-shaped DFT-s-OFDM. Such waveforms are particularly suitable for wireless communications with high frequencies and / or high communication loads. A cyclic appendix can generally be a cyclic prefix or a cyclic suffix. An appendix may represent a repetition of a portion of the signaling carried by a symbol at its beginning (suffix) or end (prefix), which can be appended opposite the symbol (end or beginning); for example, a cyclic prefix can be considered a repetition of signaling at the end of the symbol to which it relates. Communication signaling can be based on a waveform with a cyclic appendix. A cyclic appendix may be associated with a particular symbol and may have a duration shorter than the symbol duration, such as 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 4, or 1 / 6 or less than 1 / 6 of the symbol duration.

[0090] A radio node, such as a transmitting radio node or a receiving radio node, may be a wireless device or a user equipment or a terminal. Alternatively, it may be a network node or a signaling radio node. A radio node suitable for wireless communication may be a radio node suitable for transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling. The communication signaling may be and / or include data signaling and / or control signaling and / or reference signaling, for example according to a wireless communication standard such as a 3GPP standard or an IEEE standard. Operating with communication signaling may include transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling. The radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of the radio node may be suitable for handling communication signaling. The radio node may be suitable for full-duplex operation and / or half-duplex operation. Full-duplex may refer to simultaneous transmission and reception, for example using the same or different circuitry, and / or using different antenna subarrays or individually operable antenna subarrays or antenna elements. The communication signaling may be beamformed.

[0091] A DFT-s-OFDM based waveform can be a waveform constructed by performing a DFT spreading operation on modulation symbols mapped to frequency intervals (e.g., subcarriers), for example, to provide a time-varying signal. A DFT-s-OFDM based waveform can also be referred to as an SC-FDM waveform. It can be considered to provide good PAPR characteristics, allowing optimized operation of the power amplifier, particularly for high frequencies. In general, the methods described herein are also applicable to single-carrier based waveforms, such as FDE based waveforms. For example, communications on (one or more) data channels and / or (one or more) control channels can be based on and / or utilize a DFT-s-OFDM based waveform or a single-carrier based waveform.

[0092] Communication can in particular be carried out over multiple communication links and / or beams and / or simultaneously with multiple targets (e.g., a TRP or other form of transmission source is also receiving) and / or multiple layers; different reference signaling for multiple transmissions or receptions can be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclic shifts. Thus, high throughput can be achieved with low interference. In general, different reference signals (e.g., of the same type) may be associated with different transmission sources and / or beams and / or layers, in particular in the case of simultaneous transmission and / or time overlap (e.g., if transmitted in the uplink, different timing advance values ​​are taken into account). For example, there may be a first reference signaling transmitted using a first transmission source and / or a first beam and / or a first layer, and a second reference signaling transmitted using the first transmission source and / or the first beam and / or the first layer.

[0093] A program product is also described that includes instructions for causing a processing circuit to control and / or perform a method as described herein. Furthermore, a carrier medium arrangement is contemplated that carries and / or stores a program product as described herein. An information system that includes and / or is connected or connectable to a radio node is also disclosed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the concepts and methods described herein and are not intended to limit their scope. The drawings include: Figure 1 An exemplary signaling scenario is shown; Figure 2 Another example signaling scenario is shown; Figure 3 Another exemplary signaling scenario is shown; Figure 4 Another exemplary signaling scenario is shown; Figure 5 Another exemplary signaling scenario is shown; Figure 6 An exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device is shown; and Figure 7 An exemplary transmitting radio node or network node is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] In the following, reference is made to the random access procedure and / or associated messages. However, the described methods may be applicable to other contexts, such as the exchange of messages in high-speed scenarios (e.g., with drones and / or trains and / or vehicles) and / or IoT (Internet of Things) scenarios and / or for transmission on different carriers and / or different beams, and may be applicable, for example, to control signaling and / or data signaling also outside the random access procedure. The UE can be regarded as an exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device.

[0096] A random access (RA) may be performed by a wireless device to access a cell and / or start communication and / or synchronize to a network, in particular for uplink synchronization and / or for handover or other purposes. A receiving radio node, such as a wireless device or UE, may be considered to be adapted to perform random access, for example to perform one or more actions associated with a random access procedure on the device side, such as transmission and / or reception; a transmitting radio node, such as a network node, may be considered to be adapted to perform random access, for example to perform one or more actions associated with a random access procedure on the network side, such as transmission and / or reception. A UE or wireless device may be considered an example of a receiving radio node, and the terms may be interchangeable. A network node or gNodeB may be considered an example of a transmitting radio node, and the terms may be interchangeable.

[0097] In general, a wireless device may receive synchronization signaling transmitted from a network (e.g., a signaling radio node), such as transmitted SS / PBCH beams SSBO, SSBO, ... Reception of the SS / PBCH beams SSBO, ... may utilize a receive beam, which may, for example, be associated with the wireless device's random access transmit beams PRACH beams 0, 1, ... and / or SS / PBCH transmit beams (in this context, the associated beam may indicate an inverse / reverse beam and / or a beam in a particular receive direction). The receive beam may be associated with the SS / PBCH transmit beam, or associated with a group of such beams (e.g., including two or more SS / PBCH transmit beams), such as a receive beam corresponding to a PRACH Rx beam that is twice as wide as an SSB beam. The wireless device may determine the best received SS / PBCH transmission, for example, based on reception within an FFT window to sample the signaling, and transmit a random access preamble in response to indicating that it intends to perform random access. The random access preamble may also be referred to as message 1 or Msg1. It may be represented by a sequence of symbols to be transmitted, for example, selected from a set (or two or more sets) of available preambles (e.g., based on configuration and / or indicated by the received SS / PBCH). The selection may be random or, in some cases, directed by the network node, such as by configuring a specific set and / or preambles for the wireless device. Msg1 or the preamble may be transmitted in a random access resource (also known as a random access opportunity), which may be indicated by and / or dependent on the received SS / PBCH and / or associated with a specific set of preambles from which the preamble was selected. An RA preamble may be considered to be transmitted using a subcarrier spacing or parameter set that is different from the subcarrier spacing or parameter set used for communication. The SCS used for RA may be, for example, 960 kHz, where the communication SCS may be 1920 kHz. Transmission of the RA preamble may include a cyclic prefix and / or multiple repetitions of the preamble. When the preamble sequence arrives at the network node may depend on the distance between the wireless device and the receiving network node. The RA preamble transmission may be received with an SSB receive beam, for example, to determine optimal reception. The received SSB may generally be used for cell identification and synchronization of the wireless device. However, for transmissions to the network node (UL), the timing may be off due to signaling propagation time; the wireless device may generally obtain a timing advance (TA) value for the UL transmission, which may be provided by the network node. The maximum delay for RA preamble reception may be indicative of the cell size or communication radius, which may be related to the maximum allowed TA. After receiving the preamble, the network node may transmit a random access response (RAR) or message 2 (Msg2), which may provide a timing advance value (TA1) and schedule resources for an uplink transmission using message 3 (Msg3), for example, on the PUSCH.Msg3 can be transmitted using a provided timing advance value (TA1) and / or according to the communication SCS, which generally shifts the transmission to an earlier point in time relative to the downlink timing to accommodate the signal travel time of the UL transmission (e.g., so that the network can receive synchronized signaling). Msg3 can be a contention resolution request, for example, containing details of the wireless device's identification to enable the network to unambiguously identify the wireless device to complete random access. Msg4, transmitted by the network node, can resolve contention and / or provide communication setup, for example, to perform the RRC setup procedure. In general, multiple wireless devices may attempt to access the network simultaneously, for example, using the same preamble or the same set of preambles and / or the same random access resources. Contention resolution can help resolve issues arising from multiple random access attempts. If the wireless device does not receive an RA preamble, it can retransmit the RA preamble using increased power (e.g., using power ramping) until it receives a response and / or reaches the maximum transmit power. In general, random access messages (e.g., Msg2, Msg4) transmitted by a network node or a signaling radio node may be transmitted on a data channel (e.g., PDSCH or PSSCH); such transmission may be scheduled using a control channel message and / or on PDCCH or PSCCH (e.g., a DCI format message or an SCI format message). The control channel message may be associated with a search space or CORESET, which may be configured or configurable using higher layer signaling, such as using PBCH signaling and / or RRC layer signaling, such as in an SS / PBCH transmission and / or a data channel transmission, such as on PDSCH (e.g., for a specific configuration or as system information multicast or broadcast, such as associated with PBCH signaling). In an alternative approach, a single message, such as Message A or MsgA, may be transmitted instead of Msg1 and 3. Similar to a PUSCH transmission, MsgA may include a preamble portion and / or a portion with coded data. In response to MsgA, MsgB may be transmitted, for example, instead of Msg2 and Msg4. MsgB can be similar to a PDSCH transmission. This may be part of a two-step RA process. For some use cases, such as synchronization, exchanging Msg1 and Msg2 in a shortened four-step process may be sufficient. MsgB and / or Msg2 or Msg4 may include one or more message parts, such as scheduling assignments (e.g., DCI and / or PDCCH) and / or scheduled data channel transmissions. MsgB or Msg2 may generally schedule transmissions for the receiving radio node or UE.

[0098] In some cases, the synchronization signaling (SS / PBCH or SSB) may be transmitted from a different TRP or node than the later MsgB. If the MsgB is transmitted from another node / TRP than the SSB, the UE RX timing (obtained from the SSB reception) may no longer be valid, for example due to potentially different path delays from different network nodes / TRPs to the UE. Similar effects may occur if the UE moves fast enough such that the path delay between reception events changes significantly; this may be due to different parts of the beam (e.g. different reflections of the original beam) becoming dominant. In addition, similar effects may also occur in terms of received power. In general, scenarios with relatively large jumps in path delay or received power can be considered.

[0099] It may be considered to prefix MsgB with a timing error robust preamble. The UE may receive the MsgB preamble with SSB timing and may adjust its receive timing based on the preamble reception to use the new timing for subsequent reception. The UE may autonomously adjust its transmit timing based on the new receive timing. If the UE is not fast enough (e.g. due to processing power, such as in IoT scenarios) to determine the new receive timing, the preamble may be sent with a gap in the time domain between the preamble and the MsgB, such as to allow processing. The preamble may be considered as a synchronization reference signal, such as a sync-CSI-RS. In general, a preamble may represent a preamble portion, or be contained therein.

[0100] The (synchronization) preamble may be based on a two-symbol structure, which may be used, for example, for MsgA and / or MsgB. It may be generated together with other signals at the base station or transmitting radio node (e.g. by shifting the signaling on one symbol relative to the signaling on another adjacent symbol of the preamble, e.g. by applying a phase ramp to the subcarriers of the first preamble symbol: this cyclically shifts the preamble but not the signals mapped to the other subcarriers). As long as the propagation time difference (path delay) between the SSB and MsgB is less than an OFDM symbol, the UE may use FFT timing based on SSB reception and determine a new FFT timing based on the cyclic shift observed within the FFT1 window. It may be generally considered that the receiving radio node or UE may be adapted to be able to buffer and / or buffer MsgB samples (which may include the preamble part and / or the message part or message), based on which it may adjust the FFT timing and perform FFT2 based on the new timing. For example, one may consider adjusting the FFT1 timing (e.g., based on using FFT1 on a preamble or a preamble portion) to FFT2 timing, processing the message or message portion using FFT2, or adjusting the timing to FFT2 using FFT1 on the message / message portion, and processing the message or message portion using FFT2. Alternatively or additionally, there may be a gap between the preamble and the message or message portion (e.g., the PDCCH of the message). The gap may cover and / or have a duration of one or more symbols, and / or may be suitable for accommodating processing, and / or may be based on and / or reflect the processing capabilities of one or more receiving radio nodes or capability classes (indicating the capabilities or processing capabilities of a class of UEs or receiving radio nodes). The preamble may be considered to be a synchronized CSIRS, particularly in the presence of a time domain gap. In general, the preamble or preamble portion may be located before the message or message portion in the time domain. If MsgB also contains PDSCH, it may be scheduled with or without a (time domain) gap using scheduling via PDCCH (PDSCH and PDCCH may be considered to have the same timing).

[0101] Generally, it can be considered that the MsbB configuration and / or the preamble configuration, or more generally, the signaling configuration is broadcast and / or provided using system information signaling, such as transmitted using a first transmitter and / or using synchronization signaling, and / or indicated thereby (e.g., the configuration information is provided using a scheduling or indication broadcast or system information signaling). The signaling configuration and / or the configuration information may indicate the format of the first signaling, such as the presence or absence of pilot signaling and / or preamble part and / or (one or more) message parts, and / or the format or time domain structure and / or (transmission) power level and / or sequence and / or sequence root and / or shift).

[0102] The presence of a preamble or preamble portion may be based on the SSB and MsgB being transmitted from different nodes or TRPs, which may be a network design choice and / or indicated by broadcast or system information signaling. It may be considered that the signaling configuration, such as the MsgB preamble configuration (e.g., indicating the presence and / or detailed preamble configuration), is broadcast in the SI. The MsgB preamble configuration may be SSB-specific or cell-specific (or specific to all SSBs controlled by the same node and / or transmitted by the same TRP).

[0103] In the figure, the symbol content (correct symbols) is indicated by a white background; the prefix is ​​shown as striped. The duration of the symbol time interval and / or the transmission timing structure and / or parameter set between different signalings may be the same or different; for example, the synchronization signaling may have a different parameter set than the first signaling. PDCCHn and / or PDSCHn may be considered to indicate different symbols associated with the same PDCCH or PDSCH, respectively (PDSCH may represent a data channel transmission and / or an MsgB transmission covering more than 1 symbol time interval). For different n, the symbol content may be different, for example in terms of carrying data and / or reference signaling such as DM-RS and / or coded bits.

[0104] MsgB can be considered an example of first signaling and / or can be replaced by any message, such as a message sent from a node, or a message with beamforming unknown to the receiving radio node or UE from the transmitter. An example would be a response to a random access message sent from a different node, where the nodes may be located in different locations, or use different antennas or antenna arrangements, or antenna weights, or use different frequencies. MsgB can also be an example of a reference signal received at unknown power.

[0105] Figure 1An exemplary signaling scenario is shown. For example, a receiving radio node of a UE may receive an SSB (shown here in the top row, covering and / or carried over 4 consecutive symbol time intervals), which may be transmitted by a first transmitter (e.g., a first TRP1). The SSB or more generally system information signaling and / or synchronization signaling may be received at the UE at a reception timing RX; based on the received SSB, the UE may transmit MsgA, in response to which the network may, for example, use a different TRP or transmit MsgB on a different carrier. The middle row and the row below show different variants of transmitting MsgB (message part) with a preamble (preamble part). In the middle row, the preamble part includes a preamble covering two (or more) symbol time intervals. The cyclic prefix has an extended duration only at the first symbol time interval; it can be considered that the preamble part only covers one symbol time interval, the duration of which is twice the symbol time interval duration of the message part. In the row below, a variant is shown in which the preamble symbols each carry a prefix. It can be considered that the symbol contents of the preambles are shifted from each other (e.g. cyclically), which makes it easier to determine the timing (e.g. using the first FFT window and timing FFT1). In this example, there may be symbol contents or modulation symbol contents covering samples 0 to 9; the prefix of Preamble 1 may include 8, 9 or consist of 8, 9 (wherein the prefix size is 2), and the prefix of Preamble 0 may include 6, 7 or consist of 6, 7. Preamble 0 may generally be cyclically extended by the prefix of Preamble 1, and / or the preamble symbols or parts and / or prefixes may be adapted to be shifted, in particular cyclically shifted and / or present cyclic extensions of each other. It can be considered that different symbols or preambles or preamble parts are associated with each other, e.g. cyclically shifted and / or extended.

[0106] Figure 2 Variations on the preamble portion are shown. The top row corresponds to a variation with two (or more) symbol time intervals or an extended prefix CP of the preamble symbol. A second signaling structure (which can, for example, be used in different parts of the spectrum and / or different carriers, and / or used at different times) is shown as another signal for comparison. The preamble can be based on and / or represent a sequence of N elements (e.g., bits and / or samples and / or modulation symbols), p0 to p(N-1). The last (second) preamble symbol time interval or symbol content can represent the sequence, where a CP of size (NP-1) provides cyclic extension. The prefix is ​​cyclically extended (prepended) by the leading preamble symbol, with its own cyclic prefix. Therefore, the contents of the preamble symbols are shifted relative to each other. Figure 2The bottom row shows some subcarriers for preamble variants. In the first symbol, the subcarriers of the preamble are modulated with the preamble sequence after applying a linear phase shift (to cyclically shift the preamble): This corresponds to the sequence-based perspective of the row above.

[0107] When MsgB is transmitted from another node other than the SSB node, the received power at the UE may be very different from the received SSB power (possibly lower TX power and / or BF, but closer distance; other cases can be envisioned). Based on the received PRACH power (e.g., of MsgA), MsgB can be sent at a lower power. Reception can generally be based on tuning and training the receive circuitry, e.g., for AGC (automatic gain control). A double-duration CP (e.g., 2.3 μs at 60 kHz) before the preamble can be used to train the AGC, if this is long enough. This can be extended by delaying the MsgB FFT timing by a few μs (which may consume the allowed delay difference). In this case, the preamble portion can be considered to represent and / or include pilot signaling, where the cyclic prefix of the preamble and / or the first preamble symbol can represent pilot signaling. If the UE AGC (automatic gain control) is not fast enough, the MsgB can be prefixed with an AGC preamble that enables AGC training; thus, additional pilot signaling can be provided. This can also be used in the absence of a preamble. Alternatively or additionally, the preamble can be extended (e.g., using the same sequence as the preamble), for example, the preamble can be preceded by a triple CP (an NPA duration prefix with three preamble symbols, or an NPA preamble symbol). The extended prefix can be extended compared to the regular prefix, for example, for a given parameter set and / or symbols carrying data signaling and / or control signaling.

[0108] Consider pre-positioning additional reference signals (pilot signaling) before the MsgB transmission for UE training. If the MsgB is preceded by a preamble for synchronization, the AGC pilot can be placed before it in the time domain. The pilot signaling can be placed directly before the MsgB and / or preamble, for example, adjacent to the symbols carrying the preamble and / or MsgB in the time domain, or with a time gap. The time gap allows the receiver more time to reset or tune the AGC level.

[0109] The frequency allocation may be the same as MsgB, or different; the expected received power may be similar, and / or the (expected) received power and / or signal strength of the pilot signaling may indicate and / or be similar or equal to the (expected) received power or signal strength of MsgB or the first signaling and / or the preamble or preamble part and / or the message or message part, for example per time interval, for example per transmit timing structure and / or symbol time interval, or time slot, or sub-slot or subframe.

[0110] Pilot signaling (AGC pilot) can carry and / or indicate information, such as transmit power level. The information carried by the AGC pilot may be encoded solely in the power level. In some variations, the UE may assume that MsgB will be received at the same power level as the pilot. In other variations, the UE may assume a preconfigured offset in the power of MsgB and the AGC pilot. This allows the AGC pilot to be sent on smaller resources and with less power. In other variations, the power level and / or offset may be encoded within the AGC pilot.

[0111] In some variants, the AGC pilot may be defined as a specified sequence, while in other variants the UE may be instructed to monitor power in predefined time / frequency resources.

[0112] The time domain resource for the AGC pilot may be defined as an OFDM symbol in an OFDM system (or similarly, an SC-FDM symbol in an SC-FDM system). The symbol may generally follow the MsgB subcarrier spacing, or a different subcarrier spacing if, for example, a shorter signal is sufficient. In some variants, it may be defined as a time domain signal that stretches multiple samples in one symbol or over more than one symbol. The AGC pilot may be defined as having a fairly flat amplitude response in frequency and time of the monitoring signal, whether it is a complete symbol or a portion of a symbol. To reduce interference and total transmit power, if not a complete symbol is used for AGC training in the UE, a sequence with a lower amplitude in the first part of the symbol may be selected in the time domain. Figure 3 Different examples of using pilot signaling and / or AGC pilot are shown, with different message structures and / or first signaling to which the AGC pilot is associated and / or related.

[0113] Figure 4An exemplary signaling scenario is shown, where, for example, in action 1, a first transmitter, such as an SSB node, sends SSB and SI, potentially including a sync-CSI-RS configuration and / or an MsgB configuration. The configuration may include and / or indicate at least one of a time window, a frequency (e.g., including a carrier), a sequence, scrambling of the sync-CSI-RS and MsgB, etc. (any information that enables reception of MsgB and / or synchronization with MsgB). In action 2, the SSB node may receive PRACH / MsgA. The receiving radio node (UE) may transmit MsgA or PRACH, for example, in response to receiving SSB and / or SI and / or system information signaling. The first transmitter or the node controlling it (e.g., an SSB node) may wake up and / or notify the second transmitter (e.g., another node or TRP) to transmit MsgB in action 3; this may include providing information about a target such as a UE or receiving radio node, and / or beamforming information and / or the location and / or content of MsgB, and / or MsgB (e.g., before encoding, being encoded, or being modulated).

[0114] In action 4, the MsgB transmitting node may send MsgB or first signaling, for example with sync-CSI-RS, such as a preamble, or multi-symbol repetition PDCCH or PDSCH, or a message or message part, such as with or without AGC pilot. The information in action 3 may indicate the beam direction and / or beam size used to transmit MsgB. The first signaling or MsgB may be received at the UE within a time window relative to the transmission of MsgA (e.g., as indicated by system information signaling and / or action 1). The receiving node and / or UE may adjust its timing based on the first signaling. MsgB may be transmitted within the defined time window. The UE uses the timing obtained from the sync-CSI-RS for reception (e.g., decoding and / or demodulation) of the message content of the first signaling, and / or for updating its transmission timing, for example, for subsequent transmission of a message indicating reception of MsgB or the first signaling, such as a HARQ response and / or a message indicating establishment of an RRC connection and / or successful random access (from the UE side).

[0115] exist Figure 5 Alternatives to using a preamble are discussed in the context of .

[0116] When the first signaling other than SSB, such as MsgB, is transmitted from another node or carrier, or after a long delay, the UE RX timing (e.g., obtained from SSB reception, or obtained during other communications) may no longer be valid. It is recommended to transmit the first signaling, such as messages such as MsgB (or PDCCH messages scheduling data reception), with a double symbol (or multiple) repetition structure, which may be robust to timing errors. The receiving radio node or UE may receive MsgB (PDCCH) with SSB timing; it may receive its timing based on the MsgB (PDCCH) reception and use the new timing for subsequent reception of messages, such as on data channels scheduled by the MsgB (PDCCH). The MsgB PDSCH (if present) may be sent with a normal symbol structure and received with the new timing, or it may be sent with a multiple symbol repetition structure, for example, if there is no or only a small time interval between the scheduling assignment (PDCCH) and the PDSCH. The UE may autonomously adjust its transmit timing based on the new receive timing.

[0117] A repetitive time domain structure (double symbol or multi-symbol structure) can be generated at the base station along with other signals. The UE can receive the MsgB PDCCH with SSB timing (e.g., assuming that the propagation time difference between SSB and MsgB is less than the OFDM or SC-FDM symbol duration) and can determine the new FFT timing, for example, based on the cyclic shift observed within the FFT1 window. The MsgB PDSCH (if any) can be scheduled with a short gap (if necessary) and a normal symbol structure. As described herein, pilot signaling (e.g., AGC pilot) can be present. Using this structure can reduce processing requirements and / or optimize signaling overhead.

[0118] The cyclic shift can be estimated based on the DM-RS for PDCCH1 and / or PDCCH2. The DM-RS may be on a comb; the signal may repeat itself within the symbol time interval to which it is mapped, which can reduce the maximum allowed time difference between the SSB and MsgB nodes. The DM-RS may be on comb-4: the maximum allowed time difference is one-quarter of a symbol (60 kHz: 1.25 km), or on comb-2. Every PDCCH symbol may contain a DM-RS, or only one or some of all PDCCH symbols may contain a DM-RS (it can be assumed that symbols containing DM-RS may also contain modulation symbols and / or bits for the PDCCH, e.g., interspersed across the subcarriers of the comb carrying the DM-RS). In some variants, only one (e.g., the first in the time domain) PDCCH1 symbol may contain a DM-RS (e.g., on comb-2); the maximum allowed time difference may be half a symbol (60 kHz: 2.5 km); in some cases, there may be no DM-RS in PDCCH2 or other PDCCH symbols.

[0119] Figure 5 An example scenario with double-symbol repetition PDCCH is shown; alternatively or additionally, for example for very short (one or two symbols) PDCCH, double-symbol or multi-symbol PDSCH may be considered. Figure 5 As shown in , a PDCCH with multiple (in this case 2) symbol contents PDCCH1 and PDCCH2 can be transmitted in a dual symbol repetition structure, wherein the symbol content PDCCH1 is transmitted twice within the boundary symbol, and the symbol content PDCCH2 is also transmitted twice within the boundary symbol. The symbol content of PDCCH1 and / or PDCCH2 may include control information, such as DCI and / or DM-RS. The symbol content (e.g., DM-RS and / or control information) of each symbol associated with a symbol content may be shifted relative to each other based on, for example, a cyclic shift and / or a linear phase ramp. For example, the PDCCH1 in the pilot symbol may be shifted relative to the PDCCH1 in the second symbol, and / or similar for PDCCH2. The control information may be coded control information, and / or may schedule data transmission to be received by the receiving node (e.g., PDSCH, such as PDSCH of MsgB), or schedule transmission of the receiving radio node, and / or may include information of MsgB. For example, as described in the context of the preamble, a cyclic prefix of extended duration may be prefixed to the first symbol of each double symbol or multi-symbol.

[0120] In some cases, MsgB may include an indication of a timing advance, which may be observable because it may be determined based on receipt of MsgA or other signaling using the first transmitter / TRP or radio node. In this case, it may be considered that the receiving radio node has omitted and / or ignored the timing advance, and / or determined a new timing advance based on, for example, the indicated timing advance and / or the timing difference between the timing of the first transmitter and the adjusted timing determined for the first signaling. This may be indicated in broadcast signaling and / or system information signaling. Alternatively, MsgB may be transmitted without a timing advance indication, thereby reducing signaling overhead. The format and / or content of MsgB may be indicated or configured in broadcast signaling and / or system information signaling (e.g., SSB or PBCH or PDSCH signaling).

[0121] Figure 6 A radio node, specifically a wireless device or terminal 10 or UE (User Equipment), is schematically illustrated. The radio node 10 includes processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of the radio node 10 (e.g., a communication module or a determination module) may be implemented in and / or executable by the processing circuitry 20, specifically as a module in the controller. The radio node 10 also includes radio circuitry 22 (e.g., one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers) that provides receive and transmit or transceive functionality, and the radio circuitry 22 is connected or connectable to the processing circuitry. Antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10 is connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or transmit and / or amplify signals. The radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 that controls it are configured for cellular communication with a network, such as a RAN as described herein, and / or for sidelink communication (which may be in-coverage or out-of-coverage of a cellular network and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or associated with a non-cellular wireless communication network). The radio node 10 may generally be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node such as a terminal or UE; in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry, such as processing circuitry, and / or modules, such as software modules. The radio node 10 may be considered to include a power supply and / or be connected or connectable to a power supply. The DFE may be considered to be part of the radio circuitry; the analog front end may be associated with the radio circuitry and / or the antenna circuitry.

[0122] Figure 7A radio node 100 is schematically shown, which may be implemented as a network node 100, such as an eNB or gNB, or a similar network node for NR. The radio node 100 includes processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of the node 100 (e.g., a transmit module and / or receive module and / or configuration module) may be implemented in and / or executed by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry 120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and / or transceiver functionality (e.g., including one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers). Antenna circuitry 124 may be connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmission and / or amplification. The node 100 may be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node or network node; in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry and / or modules, such as processing circuitry. The antenna circuitry 124 may be connected to and / or include an antenna array. The node 100, and accordingly its circuitry, may be adapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or radio node as described herein; in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry and / or modules, such as processing circuitry. The radio node 100 may generally include communication circuitry, for example, for communicating with another network node, such as a radio node, and / or with a core network and / or the Internet or a local network, in particular with an information system that may provide information and / or data to be transmitted to a user equipment. The DFE may be considered part of the radio circuitry; the analog front end may be associated with the radio circuitry and / or the antenna circuitry.

[0123] In general, wireless devices and / or network nodes may operate in TDD operation, and / or communication signaling may operate in TDD operation. It should be noted that the transmission of signaling from the transmission source may be synchronous and simultaneous; time offsets may occur due to different propagation times, such as due to different beams and / or source locations.

[0124] A data block may refer to a transport block, a code block, or a code block bundle. A code block may include and / or represent a plurality of (information) bits representing information (e.g., data or control information), which may be associated and / or may further include bits for error detection coding (e.g., CRC). The bits used for error detection coding may be determined based on the (information) bits and / or may be error detection bits for the (information) bits. A code block bundle may include one or more code blocks; each code block may be associated therewith and / or include error correction bits. The error correction bits in a code block bundle may each relate to an associated code block; the error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, for example, the error correction bits are determined based on the bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or bit groups may be associated with different code blocks. The error correction bit(s) associated with a code block may be associated with a single code block; this may refer to error correction bits indicating correctness / incorrectness of a single code block and / or error correction bits calculated and / or determined based only on the (information) bits of a single code block. An information bit may represent data and / or control information, e.g., be associated with a data channel (data information / bit) and / or a control channel (control information / bit), and a code block bundle may be a data block without error correction coding, involving more than one code block. A transport block may include error detection coding, involving multiple code blocks, e.g., covering the code blocks it contains. A transport block may include one or more code blocks. It may be considered that a data block may be associated with and / or subject to and / or correspond to one and / or a single acknowledgment process, e.g., a specific HARQ process, which may correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQ identifier. A code block may correspond to a sub-pattern of an acknowledgment information bit pattern. In some cases, a data block may correspond to and / or relate to and / or be subject to multiple acknowledgment processes, e.g., if there is one acknowledgment process for each code block of the data block.

[0125] A data block may include and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits (e.g., user data) and / or control information bits; the information bits may be associated with one or more data or control channels (e.g., transport channels and / or logical channels) and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel, in particular a physical data channel, or in some cases, a physical control channel (in which case it may or may not be associated with a higher layer channel, such as a transport channel or a logical channel). A data block may represent bits intended for transmission, for example, encapsulating one or more higher layer data packets, such as one or more MAC layer data packets, such as one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or SDUs (Service Data Units); error correction bits, such as CRC, may be added to physical layer processing. The bits of a data block may be considered to be subject to physical layer processing, such as coding (e.g., forward error coding and / or added error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling and / or modulation. Modulation may correspond to, for example, mapping the processed bits of the data block to modulation symbols according to a modulation scheme and / or modulation space. Modulation symbols may be represented as a sequence of bits until they undergo analog conversion (or vice versa for reception).

[0126] A wireless device may generally include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for performing measurements and / or controlling beam switching and / or controlling beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling, such as communication signaling. The wireless device may be particularly implemented as a terminal or user equipment. However, in some cases (e.g., relay and / or reverse link and / or IAB scenarios), it may be implemented as a network node or network radio node. A network node may generally include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for transmitting reference signaling and / or beam switching instructions and / or for beam switching and / or controlling beam switching and / or controlling beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling, such as communication signaling. A radio node may be particularly implemented as a network node, such as a network radio node and / or a base station or a relay node or an IAB node. However, in some cases (e.g., sidelink scenarios), the second radio node may be implemented as a wireless device or terminal, such as a user equipment.

[0127] In general, an allocation unit or block symbol may represent and / or correspond to an extension in the time domain, such as a time interval. An allocation unit or block symbol duration (the length of the time interval) may correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol or a corresponding duration, and / or may be based on and / or defined by a subcarrier spacing or equivalent used (e.g., based on a parameter set), and / or may correspond to the duration of a modulation symbol (e.g., for OFDM or similar frequency domain multiplexing type signaling). A block symbol may be considered to comprise a plurality of modulation symbols, e.g., based on the subcarrier spacing and / or the parameter set or equivalent, in particular for time domain multiplexing type signaling (at the symbol level of a single transmitter), such as single carrier based signaling, e.g., SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (in particular, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulse shaped SC-FDMA). The number of symbols may be based on and / or defined by the number of subcarriers to be spread by DFTS (for SC-FDMA), and / or based on, for example, the number of FFT samples used for spreading and / or mapping and / or the equivalent, and / or may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. In this context, a block symbol may include and / or contain a plurality of individual modulation symbols, which may be, for example, 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. The number of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based on and / or depend on the bandwidth scheduled for transmission of the signaling in the block symbol. A block symbol and / or a plurality of block symbols (an integer less than 20, such as equal to or less than 14 or 7 or 4 or 2 or a flexible number) may be a unit (e.g., an allocation unit) for scheduling and / or allocating resources, particularly in the time domain. A frequency range and / or frequency domain allocation and / or bandwidth allocated for transmission may be associated with (e.g., scheduled or allocated) block symbols and / or block symbol groups and / or allocation units.

[0128] Allocation units and / or block symbols may be associated with a particular (e.g., physical) channel and / or a particular type of signaling (e.g., reference signaling). In some cases, there may be a block symbol associated with a channel that is also associated with a form of reference signaling and / or pilot signaling and / or tracking signaling associated with that channel, e.g., for timing purposes and / or decoding purposes (such signaling may include a small number of modulation symbols and / or resource elements of the block symbol, e.g., less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1% of the modulation symbols and / or resource elements in the block symbol). For a block symbol, there may be associated resource elements; the resource elements may be represented in the time / frequency domain, e.g., in the frequency domain by the smallest frequency unit carried or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier), and in the time domain by the duration of a modulation symbol. A block symbol may include a structure and / or a block symbol may be associated with a structure that allows and / or includes multiple modulation symbols, and / or an association with one or more channels (and / or the structure may depend on the channel to which the block symbol is associated and / or allocated or used), and / or reference signaling (e.g., as discussed above), and / or one or more guard periods and / or transition periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g., prefixes and / or suffixes and / or one or more infixes (entered within the block symbol)), in particular cyclic prefixes and / or suffixes and / or infixes. A cyclic affix may represent a repetition of signaling and / or one or more modulation symbols used in the block symbol, wherein the signaling structure of the affix may be slightly modified to provide a smooth and / or continuous and / or distinguishable connection between the affix signaling and the signaling of the modulation symbol associated with the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / or reference signaling structure). In some cases, in particular some OFDM-based waveforms, an affix may be included in the modulation symbol. In other cases, such as some single-carrier based waveforms, the affix may be represented by a sequence of modulation symbols within a block symbol.It may be recognized that, in some cases, block symbols are defined and / or used in the context of an associated structure.

[0129] Communication may include transmission or reception. It may be considered that communications such as transmission signaling are based on waveforms based on SC-FDM and / or correspond to frequency domain filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM waveforms. However, these methods may be applied to waveforms based on single carriers, such as SC-FDM or SC-FDE waveforms, which may be pulse shaped / based on FDF. It should be noted that SC-FDM may be considered as DFT-extended OFDM, such that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM may be used interchangeably. Alternatively or additionally, signaling (e.g., first signaling and / or second signaling) and / or one / more beams (in particular, a first receive beam and / or a second receive beam) may be based on waveforms having a CP or comparable guard time. The receive beam and the transmit beam of the first beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angles and / or spatial extensions; the receive beam and the transmit beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angles and / or spatial extensions. It can be considered that the receive beam and / or transmit beam of the first and / or second beam pair has an angular extension of 20 degrees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less in at least one or both of the horizontal or vertical directions; different beams can have different angular extensions. The extended guard interval or switching guard interval can have a duration that substantially or at least corresponds to N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent durations, where N can be 2, 3, or 4. For waveforms without CP that have the same or similar symbol duration as signaling with CP, the equivalent of the CP duration can refer to the CP duration associated with signaling with CP (e.g., based on SC-FDM or based on OFDM). Pulse shaping (and / or performing FDF on) modulation symbols and / or signaling associated, for example, with a first subcarrier or bandwidth, may include mapping the modulation symbols (and / or samples associated therewith after FFT) to an associated second subcarrier or portion of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation with respect to the power and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbols on the first and second subcarriers, wherein the shaping operation may be based on a shaping function. Pulse shaped signaling may include pulse shaping one or more symbols; the pulse shaped signaling may generally include at least one pulse shaped symbol. The pulse shaping may be performed based on a Nyquist filter. It may be considered that the pulse shaping is performed based on periodically extending the frequency distribution of the modulation symbols (and / or associated samples after FFT) on a first number of subcarriers to a larger second number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end of the frequency distribution is appended to the other end of the first number of subcarriers.

[0130] In some variants, communication may be based on a parameter set (which may, for example, be represented by a subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier and spacing and / or symbol time length) and / or a waveform based on SC-FDM (including a waveform based on FDF-DFTS-FDM) or a single carrier based waveform. Whether pulse shaping or FDF is used for a waveform based on SC-FDM or SC may depend on the modulation scheme used (e.g., MCS). Such waveforms may utilize cyclic prefixes and / or may particularly benefit from the described methods. Communication may include and / or be based on beamforming, such as transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming, respectively. The beam may be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam, such as a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Thus, signaling may be adjusted, for example, based on the movement of the communication partner. The beam may be generated, for example, by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows for efficient post-processing of digitally formed beams without requiring changes to the digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to the standards defining the beamforming precoders. In general, beams can be generated by hybrid beamforming and / or digital beamforming, for example based on a precoder. This facilitates simple processing of the beams and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADCs / DCAs required for the antenna arrangement. It can be considered that the beams are generated by hybrid beamforming, for example by analog beamforming performed on the beam representation or by beams formed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell searches can be based on receive beamforming, such as analog or digital or hybrid receive beamforming. The parameter set can determine the length of the symbol time interval and / or the duration of the cyclic prefix. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for SC-FDM to ensure orthogonality, in particular subcarrier orthogonality, in the corresponding system, but can also be used for other waveforms. Communication can include utilizing a waveform with a cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix can be based on a parameter set and can help maintain signaling orthogonality. The communication may include and / or be based on, for example, performing a cell search for the wireless device or terminal, or may include transmitting cell identification signaling and / or a selection indication, based on which a radio node receiving the selection indication may select a signaling bandwidth from a set of signaling bandwidths for performing the cell search.

[0131] A beam or beam pair may generally be targeted at one radio node or a group of radio nodes and / or an area comprising one or more radio nodes. In many cases, the beam or beam pair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific) such that each beam / beam pair serves only one radio node. Beam pair switching or switching of receive beams (e.g., by using different receive beams) and / or transmit beams may be performed at the boundaries of a transmit timing structure (e.g., slot boundaries), or within a slot, e.g., between symbols. Some tuning of the radio circuitry may be performed, e.g., for reception and / or transmission. Beam pair switching may include switching from a second receive beam to a first receive beam, and / or switching from a second transmit beam to a first transmit beam. Switching may include inserting a guard period to cover return time; however, the circuitry may be adapted to switch quickly enough to be essentially instantaneous; this is particularly the case when digital receive beamforming is used to switch receive beams.

[0132] A reference beam (or reference signaling beam) may be a beam comprising reference signaling, based on which beam signaling characteristics may be determined, for example measured and / or estimated. A signaling beam may comprise signaling such as control signaling and / or data signaling and / or reference signaling. A reference beam may be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or more beam signaling characteristics may be reported to it from a receiver (e.g. a wireless device). However, in some cases it may be received by a radio node from another radio node or wireless device. In this case, the radio node may determine one or more beam signaling characteristics. A signaling beam may be a transmit beam or a receive beam. The set of signaling characteristics may comprise multiple subsets of beam signaling characteristics, each subset relating to a different reference beam. Thus, a reference beam may be associated with different beam signaling characteristics.

[0133] Beam signaling characteristics, respectively a set of such characteristics, may represent and / or indicate signal strength and / or signal quality and / or delay characteristics of a beam, and / or be associated with received and / or measured signaling carried on the beam. The beam signaling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may in particular relate to and / or indicate the beam with the best (e.g. lowest average delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread and / or the number and / or list and / or order of the strongest and / or best quality beams with associated delay spreads, for example. The beam signaling characteristics may be based on one / more measurements performed on reference signaling carried on a reference beam to which they relate. The one / more measurements may be performed by a radio node or another node or wireless device. The use of reference signaling allows for improved accuracy and / or metering of the measurements. In some cases, a beam and / or beam pair may be represented by a beam identification indication (e.g. a beam or beam pair number). Such an indication can be represented by one or more signaling sequences (e.g., a specific reference signaling sequence) and / or signaling characteristics and / or one / more resources used (e.g., time / frequency and / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., a CRC used to scramble some messages or transmissions) that can be transmitted on the beam and / or beam pair and / or by information provided in the signaling (e.g., control signaling and / or system signaling) on ​​the beam and / or beam pair, for example encoded and / or provided in an information field or as an information element of a message of some form of signaling (e.g., DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signaling).

[0134] The reference beam can generally be a second set of reference beams associated with the signaling beam set, or one of the reference beam sets. The sets being associated can mean at least one of the following: the first set is associated with and / or corresponds to the second set (or vice versa), e.g., being based on the second set, e.g., by having the same analog or digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or shape before analog beamforming, and / or by performing additional analog beamforming as a modified form thereof. The signaling beam set can be referred to as the first set of beams, and the corresponding reference beam set can be referred to as the second set of beams.

[0135] In some variants, a reference beam and / or multiple reference beams and / or reference signaling may correspond to and / or carry random access signaling, such as a random access preamble. Such a reference beam or signaling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signaling may indicate which beam is used for transmission. Alternatively, the reference beam may be the beam that receives the random access signaling. The random access signaling may be used for an initial connection to a radio node and / or a cell provided by a radio node, and / or for reconnection. Utilizing random access signaling facilitates fast and early beam selection. The random access signaling may be on a random access channel, for example, based on broadcast information provided by a radio node (the radio node performing beam selection), for example, with synchronization signaling (e.g., SSB blocks and / or associated therewith). The reference signaling may correspond to synchronization signaling, such as synchronization signaling transmitted by a radio node in multiple beams. This characteristic may be reported by a node receiving synchronization signaling, for example in a random access procedure, such as Msg3 for contention resolution, which may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel based on resource allocation provided by the radio node.

[0136] The delay characteristic (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or the measurement report may represent and / or indicate at least one of the average delay, and / or delay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delay spread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / or impulse response to received signaling, and / or power delay profile of the received signal, and / or power delay profile related parameters of the received signal. The average delay may represent the average value and / or average value of the delay spread, which may be weighted or unweighted. The distribution may be, for example, the distribution of the received power and / or energy of the signal over time / delay. The range may indicate the interval of the delay spread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of the delay spread of the corresponding received energy or power, such as 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% or more, or 100%. The relative delay spread may indicate a relationship to a threshold delay, such as an average delay, and / or an offset relative to an expected and / or configured timing (e.g., the timing of expected signaling based on scheduling), and / or a relationship to a cyclic prefix duration (which may be considered in the form of a threshold). The energy profile or power profile may relate to the energy or power received over a time interval of the delay spread. The power delay profile may relate to a representation of a received signal or received signal energy / power across time / delay. The power delay profile-related parameters may relate to metrics calculated from the power delay profile. Different values ​​and forms of delay spread information and / or reports may be used, allowing for a wide range of capabilities. The type of information represented by the measurement report may be predefined, or configured or configurable, for example, using measurement configuration and / or reference signaling, in particular using higher layer signaling such as RRC or MAC signaling and / or physical layer signaling such as DCI signaling.

[0137] In general, different beam pairs may differ in at least one beam; for example, a beam pair using a first receive beam and a first transmit beam may be considered different from a second beam pair using a first receive beam and a second transmit beam. A transmit beam that does not use precoding and / or beamforming (e.g., using a natural antenna profile) may be considered a special case of a transmit beam of a transmit beam pair. The transmitter may indicate a beam to the radio node using a beam indication and / or configuration, which may, for example, indicate beam parameters and / or time / frequency resources and / or transmission mode and / or antenna profile and / or antenna port and / or precoder associated with the beam. Different beams may be provided with different content, e.g., different receive beams may carry different signaling; however, it is contemplated that different beams may carry the same signaling (e.g., the same data signaling and / or reference signaling). The beams may be transmitted by the same node and / or transmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmission points and / or antenna arrangements.

[0138] Communicating using a beam pair or beams may include receiving signaling on a receive beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair) and / or transmitting signaling on a beam (e.g., a beam of a beam pair). The following terms are to be interpreted from the perspective of the radio node in question: a receive beam may be a beam that carries signaling received by the radio node (for reception, the radio node may use a receive beam, e.g., a beam directed toward reception, or non-beamformed). A transmit beam may be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signaling. A beam pair may include a receive beam and a transmit beam. The transmit beam and the receive beam of a beam pair may be associated with and / or correspond to each other, e.g., such that signaling on the receive beam and signaling on the transmit beam travel substantially along the same path (but in opposite directions), e.g., at least under stationary or nearly stationary conditions. It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily refer to a temporal order; the second signaling may be received and / or transmitted before the first signaling, or in some cases simultaneously with the first signaling, or vice versa. The receive beam and transmit beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier or frequency range or bandwidth portion, for example in TDD operation; however, variants with FDD are also contemplated. Different beam pairs may operate on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion (e.g. such that the transmit beam operates on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion and the receive beam operates on the same frequency range or carrier or bandwidth portion (the transmit beam and receive beam may be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating using a first beam pair and / or first beam may be based on and / or include switching from a second beam pair or second beam to the first beam pair or first beam for communication. The switching may be controlled by the network, for example by a network node (which may be the source or transmitter of the receive beam of the first beam pair and / or second beam pair, or associated therewith, for example an associated transmission point or node in dual connectivity). Such control may include transmitting control signaling, such as physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling. In some cases, Switching may be performed by the radio node without additional control signaling, for example based on measurements of signal quality and / or signal strength of a beam pair (e.g. of the first and second received beams), in particular the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair. For example, if the signal quality or signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or second beam) is deemed to be insufficient and / or worse than indicated by a corresponding measurement on the first beam pair, it may be switched to the first beam pair (or first beam). The measurements performed on the beam pair (or beams) may in particular include measurements performed on the received beams of the beam pair. It may be considered that the timing indication may be determined before switching from the second beam pair to the first beam pair for communication. Thereby, when starting communication with the first beam pair or the first beam, synchronization may be appropriate and / or the timing indication may be used for synchronization.However, in some cases, the timing indication may be determined after switching to the first beam pair or the first beam. This may be particularly useful if the first signaling is expected to be received only after the switch, for example based on the scheduled timing or periodicity of appropriate reference signaling on the first beam pair (e.g., the first received beam). In general, a receive beam of a node may be associated with and / or correspond to a transmit beam of the node, for example such that the received (spatial) angle of the receive beam and the transmitted (spatial) angle of the transmit beam at least partially, or substantially or completely overlap and / or coincide, in particular for TDD operation and / or independent of frequency. In some cases, spatial correspondence between beams may be taken into account, for example, such that a beam pair (e.g., a transmit beam of a transmitting node and a receive beam of a receiving node) may be considered to include corresponding beams (e.g., the receive beam is suitable for receiving the transmission on the transmit beam and / or is the best beam to receive the transmission on the transmit beam, for example based on a threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurement); for each of such beams, there may be an associated or corresponding complementary beam for the respective node (e.g., for the transmit beam of the beam pair, there may be an associated receive beam of the transmitting node, and / or for the receive beam of the beam pair, there may be an associated transmit beam of the receiving node; if the beams (e.g., at least substantially or essentially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angle), then in some cases the beam pair may be considered to indicate four beams (or indeed, two beam pairs).

[0139] In some cases, one or more beams or signals or signaling may be associated with a Quasi-CoLocation (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics, or a QCL class (also referred to as a QCL type), or a QCL identity; beams or signals or signaling that share these may be considered to be quasi-colocated. Quasi-colocated beams or signals or signaling may be considered (e.g., by a receiver) to be the same beam or originating from the same transmitter or transmission source, at least with respect to the QCL characteristic or set or class or identity, and / or shared characteristic(s). The QCL characteristics may relate to propagation of signaling, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or path loss, and / or signal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam direction, and / or beam shape (particularly angle or area, such as coverage area), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Doppler spread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronization, and / or frequency synchronization, and / or one or more other parameters, such as those relating to the propagation channel and / or (one or more) spatial RX parameters (which may refer to receive beams and / or transmit beams, such as shape or coverage or direction). The QCL characteristics may relate to a specific channel (e.g., a physical layer channel such as a control channel or a data channel) and / or a reference signaling type and / or an antenna port. Different QCL classes or types may relate to different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL class may define and / or relate to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges that must be met for one or more QCL characteristic beams to be considered quasi-colocated according to the class; a QCL identity may refer to and / or represent all beams that are quasi-colocated according to the QCL class. Different categories may relate to one or more of the same characteristics (e.g., different categories may have different criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or more characteristics) and / or different characteristics. A QCL indication may be considered a form of beam indication, e.g., relating to all beams belonging to a QCL category and / or QCL identity and / or quasi-colocated beam. A QCL identity may be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, a beam and / or beam indication may be considered to refer to and / or represent a QCL identity and / or represent a quasi-colocated beam or signal or signaling.

[0140] Transmission over multiple layers (multi-layer transmission) may refer to the transmission of communication signaling and / or reference signaling in one or more beams and / or using multiple transmission sources, controlled by, for example, a network node or a wireless device. The layers may refer to transmission layers; a layer may be considered to represent a data or signaling stream. Different layers may carry different data and / or data streams, for example, to increase data throughput. In some cases, for example, to increase reliability, the same data or data stream may be transmitted over different layers. Multi-layer transmission may provide diversity, such as transmit diversity and / or spatial diversity. Multi-layer transmission may be considered to include two or more layers; the number of layers transmitted may be represented by a rank or a rank indication.

[0141] A transmission source may in particular comprise an antenna or an antenna element group or an antenna sub-array or an antenna array or a transmission point or a TRP or a TP (transmission point) or an access point and / or be represented by and / or be associated therewith. In some cases, e.g. for multi-layer transmission, a transmission source may be represented or representable and / or correspond to and / or be associated with an antenna port or a transmission layer. Different transmission sources may in particular comprise different and / or individually controllable (one or more) antenna elements or (sub-)arrays and / or be associated with different antenna ports. In particular, analog beamforming may be used, with individual analog control of different transmission sources. An antenna port may indicate a transmission source and / or one or more transmission parameters, in particular transmission parameters of reference signaling associated with the antenna port. In particular, transmission parameters relating to and / or indicating the frequency domain distribution or mapping of modulation symbols for reference signaling (e.g., which comb to use and / or which subcarrier or frequency offset to use, or the like), and / or which cyclic shift to use (e.g., shifting an element of a modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on a root sequence or derived from a root sequence) and / or which cover code to use (e.g., (e.g., shifting an element of a modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on a root sequence or derived from a root sequence)). In some cases, the transmission source may represent the receiving target, for example if it is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point).

[0142] In some variants, the reference signaling may be and / or include, for example, a CSI-RS and / or a PT-RS and / or a DMRS transmitted by a network node. In other variants, the reference signaling may be transmitted by a UE, for example, to a network node or another UE, in which case it may include and / or be sounding reference signaling. Other (e.g., new) forms of reference signaling may be considered and / or used. In general, the modulation symbols of the reference signaling and the resource elements carrying it may each be associated with a cyclic prefix.

[0143] Data signaling can be on a data channel, such as PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel, such as a URLLC channel, for example, for low latency and / or high reliability. Control signaling can be on a control channel, such as a common control channel or PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI messages or SCI messages. Reference signaling can be associated with control signaling and / or data signaling, such as DM-RS and / or PT-RS.

[0144] For example, the reference signaling may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or synchronization signaling and / or sounding signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, in particular CSI-RS. Reference signaling may generally be signaling having one or more signaling characteristics, in particular a phase distribution and / or resource distribution and / or a sequence of modulation symbols and / or a transmission power known to the receiver. Thus, the receiver may use the reference signaling as a reference and / or for training and / or for compensation. The receiver may be informed about the reference signaling by the transmitter, for example, by being configured and / or signaled using control signaling, in particular physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling (e.g. DCI and / or RRC signaling), and / or the receiver may determine the corresponding information itself, for example, a network node configures the UE to transmit reference signaling. Reference signaling may be signaling comprising one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signaling may be suitable for measuring and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions, such as channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal or transmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics of the reference signaling (e.g., signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) are available to both the transmitter and receiver of the signaling (e.g., due to being predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or communicated). Different types of reference signaling may be considered to be, for example, uplink, downlink, or sidelink related, cell-specific (particularly cell-wide, such as CRS), device- or user-specific (addressed to a specific target or user equipment, such as CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS), and / or signal strength-related (e.g., power-related, energy-related, or amplitude-related (e.g., SRS or pilot signaling)), and / or phase-related, etc.

[0145] References to specific resource structures such as allocation units and / or block symbols and / or block symbol groups and / or transmit timing structures and / or symbols and / or slots and / or mini-slots and / or subcarriers and / or carriers may relate to specific parameter sets, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A transmit timing structure may represent a time interval that may cover one or more symbols. Some examples of transmit timing structures are transmit time intervals (TTIs), subframes, slots, and mini-slots. A slot may include a predetermined, e.g., predefined and / or configured, or configurable, number of symbols, e.g., 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slot may include a number of symbols that is less than the number of symbols of a slot (which may in particular be configurable or configured), in particular 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more symbols, e.g., fewer symbols than in a slot. A transmit timing structure may cover a time interval of a specific length, which may depend on the cyclic prefix used and / or the symbol time length. A transmit timing structure can be associated with and / or cover, for example, a specific time interval within a time stream synchronized for communication. A timing structure (e.g., a time slot and / or mini-slot) used for and / or scheduled for transmission can be scheduled relative to a timing structure provided and / or defined by another transmit timing structure and / or can synchronize a timing structure (e.g., a time slot and / or mini-slot) used for and / or scheduled for transmission to a timing structure provided and / or defined by another transmit timing structure. Such a transmit timing structure can, for example, define a timing grid using symbol time intervals within a single structure representing the smallest timing unit. Such a timing grid can be defined, for example, by time slots or subframes (wherein, in some cases, a subframe can be considered a specific variant of a time slot). A transmit timing structure can also have a duration (time length) determined based on the duration of its symbols, possibly in addition to the cyclic prefix(es) used. Symbols of a transmit timing structure can have the same duration, or, in some variations, symbols of a transmit timing structure can have different durations. The number of symbols in the transmit timing structure may be predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or may depend on a parameter set. The timing of the mini-slots may generally be configured or configurable, in particular by the network and / or network nodes. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end at any symbol of the transmit timing structure, in particular to start and / or end at one or more time slots.

[0146] The transmission quality parameters may generally correspond to the number of retransmissions R and / or the total number of transmissions T, and / or coding (e.g. the number of coding bits, e.g. for error detection coding and / or error correction coding, such as FEC coding) and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission power level (e.g. minimum level and / or target level and / or basic power level P0 and / or transmission power control command TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, such as SNR and / or SIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density.

[0147] A signaling sequence or sequence (e.g., an allocation unit or block symbol or symbol time interval, and / or carried or transmitted on an allocation unit or block symbol or symbol time interval) may be based on a sequence root, such as a root sequence and / or root parameter and / or root index and / or seed. A sequence root may generally represent or indicate a basis for deriving or determining a signaling sequence; a root may be associated with a sequence and / or directly represent a sequence, and / or indicate or indicate a base sequence and / or seed. Examples of sequence roots may include a Zadoff-Chu root sequence, a sequence seed (e.g., a seed of a Gold sequence), or a Golay complementary sequence. A signaling sequence may be derived or derivable from a sequence root and / or based on a sequence root, such as based on a code that may represent a shift or manipulation or processing of a root sequence or a sequence indicated by a sequence root, e.g., to provide a signaling sequence; the signaling sequence may be based on such a shift or manipulation or operation on a root sequence. The code may specifically represent a cyclic shift and / or a phase shift and / or a phase ramp (e.g., an amount thereof). The code may assign one operation or shift to each allocation unit.

[0148] In general, the signaling sequence associated with an allocation unit (and / or multiple allocation units) associated with control signaling (and / or reference signaling) can be based on a root sequence, which can be an M-sequence or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a Gold or Golay sequence, or another sequence with appropriate characteristics with respect to correlation and / or interference (e.g., self-interference and / or interference with other or adjacent transmitters). Different sequences can be used as root sequences for different signaling sequences, or the same sequence can be used. If different sequences are used, they can be of the same type (e.g., Gold, Golay, M-, or Zadoff-Chu). The (signaling and / or root) sequence can correspond to or be a time domain sequence, such as a time domain Zadoff-Chu and / or a time domain M sequence.

[0149] In some cases, a shifted object, such as a signaling or signal or sequence or information, can be shifted, for example relative to a predecessor (e.g., one undergoes a shift and a shifted version is used), or relative to another (e.g., one associated with one signaling or allocation unit can be shifted to another associated with a second signaling or allocation unit, both of which can be used). One possible way to shift is to operate on a code, for example, to multiply each element of the shifted object by a factor. Ramp-up (e.g., multiplication by a monotonically increasing or periodic factor) can be considered an example of a shift. Another is a cyclic shift in a domain or interval. A cyclic shift (or ring shift) can correspond to a rearrangement of elements in the shifted object, corresponding to moving the last one or more elements to the first position while shifting all other entries to the next position, or by performing an inverse operation (so that the resulting shifted object will have the same elements as the shifted object, in a shifted but similar order). In general, the shift can be specific to an interval in a domain, such as an allocation unit in the time domain, or a bandwidth in the frequency domain. For example, it can be considered that the signals or modulation symbols in the allocation units are shifted so that the order of the modulation symbols or signals is shifted in the allocation units. In another example, the allocation units can be shifted, for example, over a larger time interval - this can leave the signals in the allocation units unchanged relative to a single allocation unit, but can change the order of the allocation units. The domains used for the shifting can be, for example, the time domain and / or the phase domain and / or the frequency domain. Multiple shifts can be performed in the same domain or different domains and / or at the same interval or different intervals (e.g., intervals of different sizes).

[0150] Reference signaling can be of type. The type of reference signaling can include synchronization signaling, and / or DM-RS (for facilitating demodulation of associated data signaling and / or control signaling) and / or PT-RS (for facilitating phase tracking of associated data signaling or control signaling, for example within a time interval or symbol or allocation unit carrying such signaling) and / or CSI-RS (for example, for channel estimation and / or reporting). It can be considered that the PT-RS is inserted into a bit sequence or modulation symbol sequence that can represent data. For example, the PT-RS can be mapped to a subcarrier of a symbol that also carries data symbols. Therefore, the PT-RS insertion can be optimized for hardware implementation. In some cases, the PT-RS can be modulated differently and / or independently of the modulation symbol representing the data (or data bit).

[0151] A comb-like structure or a shorter comb may indicate a distribution or periodic arrangement of reference signaling, in particular in frequency space, e.g. between an upper frequency and a lower frequency. A comb may relate to one OFDMA symbol and / or SC-FDMA symbol and / or one (identical) symbol time interval and / or one allocation unit. A comb may have a width or size N and / or may relate to and / or be associated with a specific signaling and / or signaling type (e.g. a reference signaling type). The width N may indicate how many empty subcarriers are between subcarriers carrying signaling elements or signals or symbols (e.g. non-adjacent) (e.g. this number may be N-1), or how many empty subcarriers and non-empty subcarriers form a pattern that repeats in the frequency domain. In general, each comb may indicate that at least one empty subcarrier will be located between non-empty subcarriers. In this context, empty may refer to being empty with respect to the pattern or distribution of signaling associated with the comb (and non-empty may refer to subcarriers carrying elements or symbols of the associated signaling); in some cases, other signaling (which may also have a comb structure) may be carried on empty subcarriers, e.g., transmitted using other transmission sources and / or other means, and / or mapped into the comb (e.g., for a DMRS comb, data signaling may be mapped onto subcarriers that do not carry DMRS).

[0152] A comb structure may generally describe a structure in which, for every Nth (N may be an integer) resource element and / or subcarrier, an element or reference signal of a reference signaling sequence and / or representing reference signaling and / or on which the reference signaling is based is mapped to that resource element and / or subcarrier and / or represented by signaling that resource element and / or subcarrier, in particular an element (symbol) of a modulation symbol sequence or an element of a sequence. N may be referred to as the comb width. In general, the comb may indicate the periodicity of a pattern of reference signaling within a frequency range. The pattern may particularly relate to one reference signal and / or resource element or subcarrier used to transmit a reference signal, such that the comb may be considered to indicate that at every Nth resource element and / or subcarrier (in particular, only there) there will be a reference signal or element of the associated sequence, and / or how many resource elements and / or subcarriers there are between resource elements and / or subcarriers with reference signals. However, variants may be considered in which the pattern represents more than one reference signal. The pattern may also generally represent and / or indicate one or more null signals and / or one or more data signals (associated resource elements and / or subcarriers, respectively). For each comb or comb structure of width or size N, there may be N or f(N) different individual combs available. For example, for N=2, there may be two combs shifted in frequency space by one or an odd number of subcarriers or PRBs (e.g., based on a frequency domain offset or subcarrier offset). A comb structure or comb of width or size N may be indicated as an N-comb. Specific combs of such width may be numbered within N. For example, for a 2-comb, there may be comb 1 (or C1) and comb 2 (or C2), which may be shifted relative to each other, e.g., to coincide so that all subcarriers covered by both combs carry signaling (alternately associated to C1 and C2 in the frequency domain).

[0153] A comb can include two or more (e.g., at least three or at least four) repetitions of a pattern. A comb can indicate references and / or indicators, such as resource elements and / or subcarriers, which can be related to upper and / or lower limits in frequency, the frequency arrangement and / or position relative to a first pattern, and / or the relative shift of the pattern and / or comb in frequency. Generally, a comb structure can cover at least a portion and / or at least a majority and / or substantially all or all of a plurality of resource elements and / or subcarriers and / or symbols. A comb structure can be generated by combining two comb structures, which can in particular be comb structures having a pattern that includes only one reference signal. Prior to transmission, the comb structure can be determined and / or modified, for example, based on other reference signaling to be transmitted, e.g., on different antenna ports. In this context, reference signals can be replaced with null signals to avoid overlap and / or interference. Generally, if other reference signaling also utilizes a comb structure, determining a different / new comb (or combination of combs), e.g., with a less dense reference signal distribution and / or a different / wider pattern, can be considered. Alternatively or additionally, combs may be combined to increase the reference signal density, eg by combining combs with offsets of different widths and / or shifts.

[0154] Generally, a comb structure may mean and / or comprise and / or consist of any comb / comb-like structure described herein.

[0155] A buffer status report (or buffer status report (BSR)) may include information indicating the presence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or more buffers, e.g., provided by higher layers). The size may be explicitly indicated and / or indexed into one or more ranges of sizes, and / or may relate to one or more different channels and / or acknowledgment procedures and / or higher layers and / or one or more channel groups, e.g., one or more logical channels and / or one or more transport channels and / or groups thereof. The structure of the BSR may be predefined and / or configurable, or may be configured to, for example, rewrite and / or modify a predefined structure, e.g., using higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling. There may be different forms of BSRs with different levels of resolution and / or information, e.g., a more detailed long BSR and a less detailed short BSR. A short BSR may concatenate and / or combine information from a long BSR, e.g., providing a summary of data available for one or more channels and / or channel groups and / or buffers, which may have been indicated separately in a long BSR, and / or may index a less detailed range scheme for available or buffered data. A BSR may be used instead of a scheduling request, eg, to schedule or allocate (uplink) resources by a network node for a transmitting radio node (such as a wireless device or UE or an IAB node).

[0156] Generally, a program product comprising instructions suitable for causing a processing and / or control circuit to perform and / or control any of the methods described herein is contemplated, in particular when executed on the processing and / or control circuit. Also contemplated is a carrier medium arrangement that carries and / or stores a program product as described herein.

[0157] The carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media. Generally, the carrier medium may be accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by the processing or control circuitry. The stored data and / or program product and / or code may be considered as part of carrying the data and / or program product and / or code. The carrier medium may generally comprise a guide / transmission medium and / or a storage medium. The guide / transmission medium may be suitable for carrying and / or storing signals, in particular electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signals and / or optical signals. The carrier medium, in particular the guide / transmission medium, may be suitable for guiding such signals in order to carry them. The carrier medium, in particular the guide / transmission medium, may comprise an electromagnetic field, for example, radio waves or microwaves, and / or an optical transmission material, for example, glass fiber, and / or an electrical cable. The storage medium may comprise at least one of a memory, a buffer, a cache memory, an optical disc, a magnetic memory, a flash memory, etc., which may be volatile or non-volatile.

[0158] A system is described, comprising one or more radio nodes, in particular a network node and a user equipment as described herein. The system may be a wireless communication system and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.

[0159] Furthermore, a method for operating an information system can generally be considered, the method comprising providing information. Alternatively or additionally, an information system suitable for providing information can be considered. Providing information can include providing information to and / or providing information to a target system, wherein the target system can include and / or be implemented as a radio access network and / or a radio node, in particular a network node or a user equipment or terminal. Providing information can include transmitting and / or streaming and / or sending and / or delivering information, and / or providing information for such and / or for downloading, and / or triggering such provision to stream and / or transmit and / or send and / or deliver information, for example by triggering different systems or nodes. The information system can include a target and / or can be connected to or connectable to the target, for example, via one or more intermediate systems such as a core network and / or the Internet and / or a private or local network. The information can be provided using and / or via such one or more intermediate systems. Providing information can be used for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or utilizing a RAN or radio node as described herein. Connecting the information system to the target and / or providing information can be based on and / or adapted to a target indication. The target indication can indicate the target, and / or one or more parameters of a transmission related to the target, and / or a path or connection through which information is provided to the target. Such parameter(s) can specifically relate to an air interface and / or a radio access network and / or a radio node and / or a network node. Example parameters can indicate, for example, the type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmission capacity (e.g., data rate), and / or latency, and / or reliability, and / or cost, and one or more estimates thereof. The target indication can be provided by the target, or determined by the information system based on, for example, information received from the target and / or historical information, and / or provided by a user, such as a user operating the target, or a device communicating with the target via, for example, the RAN and / or an air interface. For example, a user can indicate on a user device communicating with the information system that information is to be provided via the RAN, for example by selecting from options provided by the information system on a user interface, such as a web interface, or a user application. The information system can include one or more information nodes. An information node generally includes processing circuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, the information system and / or the information node may be implemented as a computer and / or computer arrangement, such as a mainframe computer or mainframe computer arrangement and / or a server or server arrangement. In some variants, an interactive server (e.g., a web server) of the information system may provide a user interface and, based on user input, may trigger the transmission and / or streaming of information provision to the user (and / or target) from another server, which may be connected or connectable to the interactive server and / or may be part of the information system or may be connected or connectable to the information system.The information may be any type of data, in particular data intended for use by a user at a terminal, such as video data and / or audio data and / or location data and / or interaction data and / or game-related data and / or environmental data and / or technical data and / or business data and / or vehicle data and / or situational data and / or operational data. The information provided by the information system may be mapped and / or mappable and / or intended to be mapped to communication or data signaling and / or one or more data channels as described herein (which may be signaling of an air interface or one or more channels and / or used within a RAN and / or used for radio transmission). It may be considered that the information is formatted based on target indications and / or targets, such as target indications and / or targets regarding data volume and / or data rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which may in particular be related to mapping to communication or data signaling and / or data channels. Mapping information onto data signaling and / or data channel(s) can be considered to refer to using signaling / channel(s) to carry data, for example, at a higher layer of communication, where the signaling / channel(s) is the basis for transmission. The destination indication may generally include different components, which may have different sources and / or may indicate different characteristics of the destination and / or communication path(s) thereto. The format of the information may be specifically selected, for example from a set of different formats, for information to be transmitted over an air interface and / or through the RAN as described herein. This may be particularly relevant because the air interface may be limited in capacity and / or predictability and / or potentially cost-sensitive. The format may be selected to be suitable for a transmission indication, which may specifically indicate a path (which may be an indicated and / or planned and / or expected path) of the information between the destination and the information system as described herein, to the RAN or radio node. The (communication) path of information may represent a node providing or transmitting information and / or one or more interfaces (e.g. air interfaces and / or cable interfaces) and / or one or more intermediate systems (if any) between an information system and a target through which information is transferred or to be transferred. When providing a target indication and / or providing / transmitting information by an information system, for example if the Internet is involved, the path, which may include multiple dynamically selected paths, may be (at least partially) undetermined. The information and / or the format for the information may be packet-based and / or may be mapped to packets and / or may be mappable to packets and / or intended to be mapped to packets. Alternatively or additionally, a method for operating a target device may be considered, the method comprising providing a target indication to an information system. More alternatively or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target device being suitable for providing a target indication to an information system.In another approach, a target indication tool may be adapted for and / or include an indication module for providing a target indication to an information system. The target device may generally be a target as described above. The target indication tool may include and / or be implemented as software and / or an application or app and / or a web interface or user interface, and / or may include one or more modules for implementing actions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or target device may be adapted for receiving user input and / or the method may include receiving user input, based on which the target indication may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively or additionally, the tool and / or target device may be adapted for and / or the method may include receiving information and / or communication signaling carrying the information, and / or operating on the information and / or presenting the information (e.g., on a screen and / or as an audio or other form of indication). The information may be based on the received information and / or the communication signaling carrying the information. Presenting the information may include processing the received information, for example, in particular converting and / or decoding the received information between different formats, and / or using hardware for presentation. Acting on information can be independent of presentation or absence of presentation, and / or can proceed or occur subsequent to presentation, and / or can occur without user interaction or even user reception, for example, for automated processes or for target devices such as MTC devices for automotive, transportation, or industrial applications without (e.g., conventional) user interaction. Information or communication signaling can be expected and / or received based on a target indication. Presenting information and / or acting on information can generally include one or more processing steps, in particular decoding and / or executing and / or interpreting and / or converting the information. Acting on information can generally include, for example, relaying and / or transmitting the information over an air interface, which can include mapping the information onto signaling (such mapping can generally relate to one or more layers, such as one or more layers of the air interface, such as the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and / or the MAC layer and / or one or more physical layers). Information can be imprinted (or mapped) onto communication signaling based on a target indication, which can make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device such as a network node or, in particular, a UE or terminal). Tools can generally be adapted for use on a target device such as a UE or terminal. In general, the tool may provide various functionalities, such as providing and / or selecting a target indication, and / or presenting, for example, video and / or audio, and / or operating on and / or storing received information. For example, if the target device is a UE or a tool for a UE, providing the target indication may include transmitting or transferring the indication as signaling and / or carried in signaling within the RAN. It should be noted that the information provided in this manner may be transmitted to the information system via one or more additional communication interfaces and / or paths and / or connections.The target indication may be a higher-layer indication, and / or the information provided by the information system may be higher-layer information, such as the application layer or user layer, particularly above the radio layer, such as the transport layer and the physical layer. The target indication may be mapped to, for example, physical layer radio signaling associated with or on the user plane, and / or the information may be mapped to, for example, physical layer radio communication signaling associated with or on the user plane (particularly in the reverse communication direction). The described method allows for providing a target indication, thereby facilitating the provision of information in a specific format that is particularly suitable and / or adapted for efficient use of the air interface. User input may, for example, represent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes, formats, and / or paths, e.g., based on the size and / or data rate and / or packaging of the information to be provided by the information system.

[0160] In general, the parameter set and / or subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth of the subcarriers of a carrier (in the frequency domain), and / or the number of subcarriers in a carrier and / or the numbering of subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length. Different parameter sets may differ in particular in the bandwidth of the subcarriers. In some variants, all subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated with them. The parameter set and / or subcarrier spacing may differ between carriers, in particular with respect to the subcarrier bandwidth. The time length and / or symbol time length of the timing structure associated with a carrier may depend on the carrier frequency and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the parameter set. In particular, different parameter sets may have different symbol time lengths even on the same carrier.

[0161] Signaling may generally include one or more (e.g., modulated) symbols and / or signals and / or messages. A signal may include or represent one or more bits. An indication may represent signaling and / or may be implemented as a signal or as multiple signals. One or more signals may be included in a message and / or represented by a message. Signaling, in particular control signaling, may include multiple signals and / or messages, which may be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated with different signaling procedures, for example, representing one or more such procedures and / or corresponding information and / or relating to one or more such procedures and / or corresponding information. An indication may include signaling and / or multiple signals and / or messages, and / or an indication may be included in signaling and / or multiple signals and / or messages, which may be transmitted on different carriers and / or may be associated with different confirmation signaling procedures, for example, representing one or more such procedures and / or relating to one or more such procedures. Signaling associated with a channel may be transmitted such that the information and / or signaling represents that channel and / or such that the signaling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver as belonging to that channel. Such signaling may generally conform to transmission parameters and / or one or more formats for the channel.

[0162] An antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna elements (radiating elements) that may be combined in an antenna array. An antenna array or subarray may include a single antenna element or may include multiple antenna elements that may be arranged, for example, in two dimensions (e.g., a panel) or three dimensions. Each antenna array, subarray, or element may be considered individually controllable, and accordingly, different antenna arrays may be independently controllable from one another. A single antenna element / radiator may be considered the smallest example of a subarray. Examples of antenna arrays include one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individually controllable antenna elements. An antenna arrangement may include multiple antenna arrays. An antenna arrangement may be considered to be associated with, for example, a (specific and / or single) radio node that configures, notifies, or schedules the radio node, e.g., to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. An antenna arrangement associated with a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g., in terms of the size and / or number of antenna elements or arrays) than an antenna arrangement associated with a network node. The antenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for use in different arrays, for example, to vary beamforming characteristics. In particular, an antenna array may be formed by combining one or more independently controllable or individually controllable antenna elements or subarrays. The beams may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants by digital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combining analog and digital beamforming. The notifying radio node may be configured to utilize the beam transmission method, for example, by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, such as a beam identification indication. However, it is contemplated that one or more notifying radio nodes are not configured with such information and / or operate transparently without knowledge of the beamforming method used. The antenna arrangement may be considered to be individually controllable with respect to the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of the signal fed to it for transmission, and / or the individually controllable antenna arrangement may include independent or separate transmitting and / or receiving units and / or ADCs (analog-to-digital converters, optionally ADC chains) or DCAs (digital-to-analog converters, optionally DCA chains) to convert digital control information into analog antenna feeds for the entire antenna arrangement (the ADCs / DCAs may be considered to be part of the antenna circuitry and / or connected or connectable to the antenna circuitry), or vice versa. The scenario where the ADC or DCA is directly controlled for beamforming can be considered an analog beamforming scenario; such control can be performed after encoding / decoding and / or after the modulation symbols have been mapped to resource elements. This can be at the level of the antenna arrangement using the same ADC / DCA, for example, an antenna element or a group of antenna elements associated with the same ADC / DCA.Digital beamforming may correspond to a scenario in which processing for beamforming is provided, for example, before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements, for example, by using one or more precoders and / or by precoding information, before feeding the signaling to the ADC / DCA. Such precoders for beamforming may provide weights for, for example, amplitude and / or phase, and / or such precoders for beamforming may be based on a (precoder) codebook, for example, from which such precoders for beamforming may be selected. The precoder may be associated with, for example, one or more beams, for example, defining the beam or beams. The codebook may be configured or configurable and / or may be predefined. DFT beamforming may be considered a form of digital beamforming in which a DFT process is used to form one or more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered.

[0163] A beam may be defined by the spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (solid) angular distribution of radiation transmitted (for transmit beamforming) or received (for receive beamforming) and / or the spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distribution of the radiation. Receive beamforming may include accepting only signals from a receive beam (e.g., using analog beamforming to exclude external receive beam(s)), and / or selecting signals that do not enter the receive beam, e.g., in digital post-processing, e.g., for digital beamforming). A beam may have a solid angle equal to or less than 4*pi sr (4*pi corresponds to a beam covering all directions), in particular a solid angle less than 2*pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4, or pi / 8, or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Different beams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angles and / or ranges). A beam may have a main direction that may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., the center of the main lobe, which may be averaged and / or weighted to determine a direction, for example, in relation to signal strength and / or solid angle), and may have one or more side lobes. A lobe may generally be defined as having a continuous or contiguous distribution of transmitted and / or received energy and / or power, for example, bounded by one or more adjacent or contiguous regions of zero energy (or effectively zero energy). A main lobe may include a lobe having a maximum signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, side lobes generally appear due to limitations of beamforming, some of which may carry signals of significant strength and may result in multipath effects. Side lobes generally may have a different direction than the main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflections, the side lobes may still have an impact on the transmitted and / or received energy or power. The beam may be scanned and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction is changed, but its shape (angle / solid angle distribution) around the main direction is not changed, e.g., from the perspective of a transmitter transmitting the beam or a receiver receiving the beam, respectively. The scanning may correspond to a continuous or nearly continuous change of the main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before the change at least partially covers the main lobe after the change, e.g., at least to 50%, or 75%, or 90%). The switching may correspond to switching the direction discontinuously, e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before the change does not cover the main lobe after the change, e.g., at most to 50%, or 25%, or 10%.

[0164] Signal strength may be an indication of signal power and / or signal energy, for example, as seen from a transmitting node or a receiving node. A beam that has greater strength at transmission may not necessarily have greater strength at the receiver than another beam (e.g., depending on the beamforming used), for example, due to interference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflection and / or loss or other effects that affect the beam or the signaling it carries, and vice versa. Signal quality may generally be an indication of how well a signal can be received in the presence of noise and / or interference. A beam that has better signal quality than another beam may not necessarily have greater beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality may be indicated, for example, by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, energy per resource element under noise / interference, or another corresponding quality measure. Signal quality and / or signal strength may be related to a beam and / or specific signaling carried by the beam, such as reference signaling, and / or a specific channel, such as a data channel or a control channel, and / or may be measured relative to a beam and / or specific signaling carried by the beam, such as reference signaling, and / or a specific channel, such as a data channel or a control channel. Signal strength may be represented by received signal strength and / or relative signal strength (e.g., compared to a reference signal (strength)).

[0165] The uplink or sidelink signaling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signaling. The downlink signaling may in particular be OFDMA signaling. However, signaling such as communication signaling is not limited thereto (filter bank-based signaling and / or single carrier-based signaling, such as SC-FDMA signaling, may be considered as alternatives).

[0166] A radio node may generally be considered to be a device or node adapted for wireless and / or radio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communications and / or for communications utilizing an air interface, eg according to a communication standard.

[0167] A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network node may be any radio node of a wireless communication network, such as a base station and / or a gNodeB (gNB) and / or an eNodeB (eNB) and / or a relay node and / or a micro / nano / pico / femto node and / or a transmission point (TP) and / or an access point (AP) and / or other node, in particular for a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein.

[0168] The terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered interchangeable in the context of this disclosure. A wireless device, user equipment, or terminal may refer to a terminal device for communicating using a wireless communication network, and / or may be implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples of user equipment may include: a telephone such as a smartphone; a personal communication device; a mobile phone or terminal; a computer, in particular a laptop; a sensor or machine with radio capabilities (and / or adapted for an air interface), in particular for MTC (machine type communication, sometimes also referred to as M2M, machine to machine); or a vehicle adapted for wireless communication. A user equipment or terminal may be mobile or fixed. A wireless device may generally include and / or be implemented as a processing circuit and / or a radio circuit, which may include one or more chips or chipsets. One and / or more circuits may be encapsulated, for example in a chip housing, and / or may have one or more physical interfaces for interacting with other circuits and / or for power supply. Such a wireless device may be intended for use in a user equipment or terminal.

[0169] A radio node may generally include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. A radio node, in particular a network node, may in some cases include cable circuitry and / or communication circuitry, by means of which the radio node may be connected or connectable to another radio node and / or a core network.

[0170] The circuit may comprise an integrated circuit. The processing circuit may comprise one or more processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers), and / or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) and / or FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), or the like. It may be considered that the processing circuit comprises and / or is (operably) connected to or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. The memory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. The memory may be suitable for storing digital information. Examples of memories include volatile and non-volatile memories, and / or random access memories (RAMs), and / or read-only memories (ROMs), and / or magnetic and / or optical memories, and / or flash memories, and / or hard disk memories, and / or EPROMs or EEPROMs (erasable programmable ROMs or electrically erasable programmable ROMs).

[0171] The radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers (a transceiver may operate or be operable as both a transmitter and a receiver and / or may comprise combined or separate circuitry for receiving and transmitting, for example in one package or housing), and / or may comprise one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters, and / or may comprise antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays, and / or may be connected to or connectable to antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. The antenna array may comprise one or more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, for example a 2D or 3D array, and / or in an antenna panel. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered an example of an antenna array. However, in some variants, depending on the kind of circuitry and / or functionality implemented therein, the RRH may also be implemented as a network node.

[0172] The communication circuit may comprise a radio circuit and / or a cable circuit. The communication circuit may generally comprise one or more interfaces, which may be one / more air interfaces and / or one / more cable interfaces and / or one / more optical interfaces, for example, based on lasers. The one / more interfaces may particularly be packet-based. The cable circuit and / or cable interface may comprise and / or be connected to or connectable to one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-based and / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermediate systems and / or interfaces) connected to or connectable to a target, for example, controlled by the communication circuit and / or processing circuit.

[0173] Any or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated with different components of a radio node, such as different circuits or different parts of a circuit. It may be considered that the modules are distributed across different components and / or circuits. A program product as described herein may include modules associated with an apparatus (e.g., user equipment or a network node) on which the program product is intended to be executed (execution may be performed on associated circuits and / or controlled by associated circuits).

[0174] The wireless communication network may be or include a radio access network and / or a backhaul network (e.g., a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or a radio access network (RAN), in particular according to a communication standard. The communication standard may in particular be a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G, for example, a standard according to NR or LTE, in particular a standard according to LTE evolution.

[0175] A wireless communication network may be and / or include a radio access network (RAN), which may be and / or include any type of cellular and / or wireless radio network that may be connected or connectable to a core network. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for 5G networks, such as LTE evolution and / or NR (New Radio), and their successors accordingly. A RAN may include one or more network nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A network node may in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within a RAN, such as a user equipment (UE), a mobile phone, a smartphone, a computing device, a vehicle communication device, or a device for machine type communication (MTC). The terminal may be mobile or, in some cases, fixed. A RAN or wireless communication network may include at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. In general, a wireless communication network or system, such as a RAN or RAN system, may be considered, comprising at least one radio node and / or at least one network node and at least one terminal.

[0176] The transmission in the downlink may be related to the transmission from the network or network node to the terminal. The transmission in the uplink may be related to the transmission from the terminal to the network or network node. The transmission in the sidelink may be related to the (direct) transmission from one terminal to another terminal. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelink transmission and reception) may be considered as communication directions. In some variations, uplink and downlink may also be used to describe wireless communications between network nodes, such as for example, wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) network communication between base stations or similar network nodes, in particular, communication terminated at such objects. It may be considered that backhaul and / or relay communication and / or network communication are implemented as sidelink or uplink communication or in a form similar thereto.

[0177] Control information or control information messages or corresponding signaling (control signaling) can be transmitted on a control channel, such as a physical control channel, which can be a downlink channel or (or in some cases a sidelink channel, such as when one UE schedules another UE). For example, the control information / allocation information can be signaled by a network node on a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / or a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ specific channel. Acknowledgement signaling, for example, in the form of control information or signaling such as uplink control information / signaling, can be transmitted by the terminal on a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and / or a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ specific channel. Multiple channels can be applied to multi-component / multi-carrier indication or signaling.

[0178] The transmission confirmation signaling may generally be based on and / or in response to the control signaling of the subject transmission and / or scheduling the subject transmission. Such control signaling and / or subject signaling may be transmitted by a signaling radio node (which may be a network node) and / or a node associated therewith, for example in a dual connectivity scenario. The subject transmission and / or subject signaling may be a transmission or signaling to which ACK / NACK or confirmation information is related, for example, indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of the subject transmission or signaling. The subject signaling or transmission may particularly include, for example, data signaling on a PDSCH or PSSCH or some form of control signaling on a PDCCH or PSSCH, for example, for a specific format, and / or represented by said data signaling or control signaling.

[0179] The signaling characteristics may be based on the type or format of the scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the type of allocation, and / or the timing of the confirmation signaling and / or scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the resources associated with the confirmation signaling and / or scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment. For example, if a specific format for a scheduling grant (scheduling or allocating allocated resources) or a scheduling assignment (scheduling the main transmission for confirmation signaling) is used or detected, the first or second communication resource may be used. The type of allocation may involve dynamic allocation (e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., for a configured grant). The timing of the confirmation signaling may involve the time slot and / or one or more symbols in which the signaling is to be transmitted. The resources used for the confirmation signaling may involve the allocated resources. The timing and / or resources associated with the scheduling grant or assignment may represent the search space or CORESET (a resource set configured for receiving PDCCH transmissions) in which the grant or assignment is received. Thus, which transmission resource to use may be based on an implicit condition, which requires lower signaling overhead.

[0180] Scheduling may include indicating one or more scheduling opportunities intended for carrying data signaling or subject signaling using control signaling, such as DCI or SCI signaling, and / or signaling on a control channel, such as PDCCH or PSCCH. The configuration may be represented by a table or may be represented by and / or correspond to a table. For example, a scheduling assignment may point to an opportunity to receive the allocation configuration, such as by indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, the reception allocation configuration may include 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. In particular, the configuration may represent an allocation in time. It can be considered that the reception allocation configuration relates to data signaling, particularly on a physical data channel such as PDSCH or PSSCH. Generally speaking, the reception allocation configuration may relate to downlink signaling, or in some scenarios, to sidelink signaling. The control signaling that schedules the subject transmission, such as data signaling, may point to and / or index and / or reference and / or indicate the scheduling opportunity of the reception allocation configuration. It can be considered that the reception allocation configuration is configured or configurable using higher layer signaling, such as RRC or MAC layer signaling. The receive allocation configuration may be applicable and / or applicable to and / or valid for multiple transmit timing intervals, such that, for example, for each interval, one or more opportunities may be indicated or allocated for data signaling. These methods allow for efficient and flexible scheduling that may be semi-static but updated or reconfigured on a useful timescale in response to changes in operating conditions.

[0181] In particular, in this context, control information, such as in a control information message, may be implemented as and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which may indicate a subject transmission (transmission confirmation signaling) for feedback, and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. The reporting timing may indicate the timing of the scheduled confirmation signaling, such as a time slot and / or symbol and / or resource set. The control information may be carried by the control signaling.

[0182] The subject transmission may include one or more separate transmissions. The scheduling assignment may include one or more scheduling assignments. It should be noted in general that in a distributed system, the subject transmission, configuration and / or scheduling may be provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject transmissions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in carrier aggregation), and / or on the same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the same or different layers or beams (e.g., in a MIMO scenario), and / or to the same or different ports. In general, the subject transmission may involve different HARQ or ARQ processes (or different sub-processes, such as in MIMO with different beams / layers associated to the same process identifier but associated to different sub-process identifiers (such as swapping bits)). The scheduling assignment and / or HARQ codebook may indicate a target HARQ structure. For example, the target HARQ structure may indicate the intended HARQ response to the subject transmission, such as the number of bits and / or whether a code block group level response is provided. However, it should be noted that the actual structure used may be different from the target structure (e.g., because the total size of the target structure of the sub-mode is greater than a predetermined size).

[0183] Transmission confirmation signaling (also referred to as transmission confirmation information or feedback information, or simply ARQ or HARQ feedback or feedback or report feedback) may include and / or be based on determining the correct or incorrect reception of one or more subject transmissions, for example based on error coding and / or based on one or more scheduling assignments for scheduling subject transmissions. Transmission confirmation information may be based on and / or include a structure for confirmation information to be transmitted, for example a structure of one or more sub-patterns, for example based on which subject transmission is scheduled for the associated subdivision. Transmission confirmation information may include, for example, transmitting corresponding signaling in an instance and / or in a message and / or in a channel, in particular a physical channel (which may be a control channel). In some cases, the channel may be a shared channel or a data channel with, for example, rate matching for the confirmation information. Confirmation information may generally relate to multiple subject transmissions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers and / or may include data signaling and / or control signaling. The acknowledgment information may be based on a codebook, which may be based on one or more size indicators and / or assignment indicators (indicative of a HARQ structure), which may be received with multiple control signaling and / or control messages, for example, in the same or different transmission timing structures and / or in the same or different (target) resource sets. Transmitting the acknowledgment information may include determining the codebook based on, for example, control information and / or configuration in one or more control information messages. The codebook may involve transmitting the acknowledgment information at a single and / or specific instant (e.g., a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission), and / or in one message or with commonly coded and / or modulated acknowledgment information. In general, the acknowledgment information may be transmitted along with other control information (e.g., scheduling requests and / or measurement information).

[0184] In some cases, the acknowledgment signaling may include other information immediately following the acknowledgment information, for example, control information, in particular uplink or sidelink control information, such as scheduling requests and / or measurement information, and / or error detection and / or correction information, and corresponding associated bits. The payload size of the acknowledgment signaling may represent: the number of bits of the acknowledgment information; and / or in some cases, the total number of bits carried by the acknowledgment signaling; and / or the number of resource elements required. The acknowledgment signaling and / or information may relate to an ARQ and / or HARQ process; the ARQ process may provide ACK / NACK (and possibly additional feedback) feedback and may perform decoding for each (re)transmission individually without soft buffering / soft combining of intermediate data, while HARQ may include soft buffering / soft combining of decoded intermediate data of one or more (re)transmissions.

[0185] The main transmission may be data signaling or control signaling. The transmission may be performed on a shared or dedicated channel. Data signaling may be on a data channel, such as on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel such as a URLLC channel for low latency and / or high reliability. Control signaling may be on a control channel, such as on a common control channel or on a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or control signaling may include one or more DCI messages or SCI messages. In some cases, the main transmission may include or represent reference signaling. For example, it may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or sounding signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, in particular CSI-RS. The main transmission may involve a scheduling assignment and / or a confirmation signaling process (e.g., based on an identifier or sub-identifier) ​​and / or a segment. In some cases, the main transmission may span the boundaries of the segments in time, or even span more than one segment, because, for example, it is scheduled to start in one segment and extend into another segment. In this case, it can be considered that the subject transfer is associated with the segment in which it ends.

[0186] It can be considered that the transmission confirmation information, in particular the transmission of the confirmation information, is based on determining whether the one or more principal transmissions have been correctly received, such as based on error coding and / or reception quality. For example, the reception quality can be based on the determined signal quality. The confirmation information can generally be transmitted to the signaling radio node and / or node arrangement, and / or to the network and / or network node.

[0187] A bit or bits of acknowledgment information, or a subpattern structure of such information (e.g., an acknowledgment information structure), may represent and / or include one or more bits, particularly a bit pattern. Bits relating to a data structure or substructure, or a message such as a control message, may be considered subpatterns. The structure or arrangement of acknowledgment information may indicate the order, meaning, mapping, and / or bit pattern (or bit subpattern) of the information. In particular, the structure or mapping may indicate: one or more data block structures (e.g., code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks) and / or messages (e.g., command messages) to which the acknowledgment information relates; and / or which bits or bit subpatterns are associated with which data block structure. In some cases, the mapping may relate to one or more acknowledgment signaling procedures (e.g., procedures with different identifiers) and / or one or more different data streams. The configuration, structure, or codebook may indicate which procedure(s) and / or data stream(s) the information relates to. In general, acknowledgment information may include one or more subpatterns, each of which may relate to a data block structure, such as a code block, code block group, or transport block. The sub-mode can be arranged to indicate an acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement or another retransmission state (such as non-scheduled or non-received) of the associated data block structure. It can be considered that the sub-mode includes one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It should be noted that the acknowledgement information may undergo significant processing before being transmitted with the acknowledgement signaling. Different configurations can indicate different sizes and / or mappings and / or structures and / or modes.

[0188] The acknowledgment signaling process (providing acknowledgment information) may be a HARQ process and / or be identified by a process identifier (e.g., a HARQ process identifier or sub-identifier). Acknowledgment signaling and / or associated acknowledgment information may be referred to as feedback or acknowledgment feedback. It should be noted that the data blocks or structures to which a sub-mode may relate may be intended to carry data (e.g., information and / or systematic and / or coded bits). However, depending on the transmission conditions, such data may or may not be received (or incorrectly received), which may be indicated accordingly in the feedback. In some cases, a sub-mode for acknowledgment signaling may include padding bits, for example, if the acknowledgment information for a data block requires fewer bits than indicated by the size of the sub-mode. This may occur, for example, if the size is indicated by a unit size that is larger than the size required for the feedback.

[0189] Acknowledgement information may generally indicate at least: an ACK or NACK, e.g., related to an acknowledgment signaling procedure; an element of a data block structure, such as a data block, sub-block group, or sub-block; or a message, particularly a control message. Generally, a specific submode and / or data block structure may be associated with an acknowledgment signaling procedure for which acknowledgment information may be provided. Acknowledgment information may include multiple pieces of information represented by multiple ARQ or HARQ structures.

[0190] The acknowledgment signaling process may determine the correct or incorrect reception of a data block, such as a transport block, and / or corresponding acknowledgment information, and / or its substructure based on coded bits associated with the data block and / or based on coded bits associated with one or more data blocks and / or subblocks and / or one or more subblock groups. The acknowledgment information (determined by the acknowledgment signaling process) may relate to the data block as a whole and / or to one or more subblocks or subblock groups. A code block may be considered an example of a subblock, and a code block group may be considered an example of a subblock group. Accordingly, the associated subpattern may include one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of the data block and / or one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of one or more subblocks or subblock groups. Each subpattern or bit of a subpattern may be associated and / or mapped to a specific data block or subblock or subblock group. In some variations, if all subblocks or subblock groups are correctly identified, then correct reception of the data block may be indicated. In such cases, the subpattern may represent acknowledgment information for the data block as a whole, thereby reducing overhead compared to providing acknowledgment information for each subblock or subblock group. The smallest structure (e.g., sub-block / sub-block group / data block) for which a sub-mode provides acknowledgement information and / or to which the sub-mode is associated can be considered to be its (highest) resolution. In some variants, a sub-mode may provide acknowledgement information about several elements of the data block structure and / or at different resolutions, e.g., to allow more specific error detection. For example, even if a sub-mode indicates acknowledgement signaling relating to the data block as a whole, in some variants, a higher resolution (e.g., sub-block or sub-block group resolution) may be provided by the sub-mode. A sub-mode may generally include one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for a data block and / or one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for one sub-block or sub-block group or for more than one sub-block or sub-block group.

[0191] A sub-block and / or a sub-block group may include information bits (representing data to be transmitted, such as user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It can be considered that a data block and / or a sub-block and / or a sub-block group also includes one or more error detection bits, which may relate to information bits and / or be determined based on information bits (for a sub-block group, one / more error detection bits may be determined based on information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of one / more sub-blocks of the sub-block group). A data block or substructure such as a sub-block or a sub-block group may include error correction bits, in particular, the error correction bits may be determined based on the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, for example using an error correction coding scheme, in particular for forward error correction (FEC), such as LDPC or polar coding and / or turbo coding. In general, the error correction coding of a data block structure (and / or associated bits) covers and / or relates to the information bits and error detection bits of the structure. A sub-block group may represent a combination of one or more code blocks, respectively corresponding bits. A data block may represent a code block or a code block group, or a combination of more than one code block group. A transport block may be segmented into code blocks and / or code block groups based on, for example, the bit size of information bits of a higher-layer data structure provided for error coding and / or the size requirements or preferences of error coding (particularly error correction coding). Such higher-layer data structures are sometimes referred to as transport blocks, and in this context, a transport block represents information bits without the error coding bits described herein, although it may include higher-layer error handling information, for example for Internet protocols such as TCP. However, such error handling information represents information bits in the context of the present disclosure, as the described acknowledgement signaling process treats it accordingly.

[0192] In some variations, for example, a sub-block of a code block may include error correction bits, which may be determined based on one or more information bits and / or one or more error detection bits of the sub-block. Error correction coding schemes may be used to determine error correction bits based on, for example, LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding. In some cases, a sub-block or code block may be defined as a block or pattern of bits including information bits, one or more error detection bits determined based on the information bits, and one or more error correction bits determined based on the information bits and / or one or more error detection bits. It can be considered that in a sub-block (e.g., a code block), the information bits (and possibly one or more error correction bits) are protected and / or covered by an error correction scheme or one or more corresponding error correction bits. A code block group may include one or more code blocks. In some variations, additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are not applied, but it may be considered that any one or two of them may be applied. A transport block may include one or more code block groups. It is contemplated that no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to a transport block, however, it is contemplated that either or both are applied. In some specific variations, one or more code block groups do not include an additional layer of error detection or error correction coding, and the transport block may only include additional error detection coding bits without additional error correction coding. This may be particularly true if the transport block size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size for error correction coding. A submode of acknowledgment signaling (particularly indicating ACK or NACK) may relate to a code block, for example, indicating whether the code block has been correctly received. It is contemplated that a submode relates to a subgroup, such as a code block group, or a data block, such as a transport block. In such cases, if all subblocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block are correctly received (e.g., based on a logical AND operation), it may indicate an ACK, and if at least one subblock or code block is not correctly received, it may indicate a NACK or another incorrect reception state. It should be noted that a code block may be considered to be correctly received not only when it has actually been correctly received, but also when it can be correctly reconstructed based on soft combining and / or error correction coding.

[0193] A submode / HARQ structure may relate to an acknowledgment signaling process and / or a carrier (e.g., component carrier) and / or a data block structure or data block. In particular, it may be considered that a (e.g., specific and / or single) submode is mapped to a (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgment signaling process, such as a specific and / or single HARQ process, for example, via a codebook. It may be considered that, in a bit pattern, a submode is mapped to an acknowledgment signaling process and / or a data block or data block structure on a one-to-one basis. In some variants, multiple submodes (and / or associated acknowledgment signaling processes) may be associated with the same component carrier, for example, if multiple data streams transmitted on the carrier are subject to an acknowledgment signaling process. A submode may comprise one or more bits, the number of bits being considered to represent its size or bit size. Different bit n-tuples (n being 1 or greater) of a submode may be associated with different elements of the data block structure (e.g., data block or subblock or subblock group) and / or represent different resolutions. Variants may be considered in which the bit pattern represents only one resolution (e.g. a data block). The bit n-tuple may represent acknowledgement information (also called feedback), in particular ACK or NACK, and optionally (if ), which may indicate DTX / DRX or other reception states. ACK / NACK may be represented by one or more than one bit, for example to improve disambiguation of a bit sequence representing ACK or NACK and / or to improve transmission reliability.

[0194] Confirmation information or feedback information may relate to multiple different transmissions, which may be associated to and / or represented by a data block structure, which is correspondingly an associated data block or data signaling. The data block structure and / or corresponding blocks and / or signaling may be scheduled for synchronous transmission, for example, for the same transmission timing structure, in particular within the same time slot or subframe, and / or on the same one / multiple symbols. However, alternatives for scheduling asynchronous transmissions may be considered. For example, confirmation information may relate to data blocks scheduled for different transmission timing structures (e.g., different time slots (or mini-slots, or time slots and mini-slots)) or similar structures, which may be received (or not received or received erroneously) accordingly. Scheduling signaling may generally include indicating resources, such as time and / or frequency resources, for example, for receiving or transmitting scheduled signaling.

[0195] Signaling can generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure (e.g., in time intervals and frequency intervals) that is used to deliver information to at least one specific or universal (e.g., anyone who may receive the signaling) target. The process of signaling can include transmitting signaling. Transmitting signaling, in particular, communication signaling or control signaling, such as including or representing confirmation signaling and / or resource request information, can include coding and / or modulation. Coding and / or modulation can include error detection coding and / or forward error correction coding and / or scrambling. Receiving control signaling can include corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error detection coding can include and / or be based on parity check or checksum methods, such as CRC (cyclic redundancy check). Forward error correction coding can include and / or be based on, for example, turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polarization coding and / or LDPC coding (low-density parity check). The type of coding used can be based on the channel (e.g., physical channel) to which the coded signal is associated. Considering that coding adds coded bits for error detection coding and forward error correction, the code rate can represent the ratio of the number of information bits before coding to the number of coded bits after coding. Coded bits can refer to information bits (also called systematic bits) plus coded bits.

[0196] Communication signaling may include and / or represent and / or be implemented as data signaling and / or user plane signaling. Communication signaling may be associated with a data channel, such as a physical downlink channel, a physical uplink channel, or a physical sidelink channel, particularly a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signaling may be signaling associated with and / or on a data channel.

[0197] Indications may generally indicate information that they represent and / or indicate explicitly and / or implicitly. Implicit indications may, for example, be based on the resources and / or location used for transmission. Explicit indications may, for example, be based on parameterization with one or more bit patterns, and / or one or more indices, and / or one or more parameters representing the information. It is particularly contemplated that control signaling, such as that described herein, may implicitly indicate the type of control signaling based on the sequence of resources utilized.

[0198] A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually usable and / or encodable and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time-frequency resource, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource that covers a symbol duration in time and a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocable and / or allocated to a resource element. A subcarrier may be, for example, a subband of a carrier as defined by a standard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / or reception. In some variants, a (jointly coded / modulated) signal may cover more than one resource element. A resource element may generally be as defined by the corresponding standard, such as NR or LTE. Because the symbol duration and / or subcarrier spacing (and / or parameter set) may differ between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different resource elements may have different extents (lengths / widths) in the time and / or frequency domains, particularly for resource elements associated with different carriers.

[0199] Resources may generally refer to time-frequency and / or code resources over which signaling may be communicated (eg, transmitted and / or received and / or intended for transmission and / or reception), eg, according to a particular format.

[0200] Boundary symbols may generally indicate a start symbol or an end symbol for transmission and / or reception. A start symbol may in particular be a start symbol of uplink or sidelink signaling, such as control signaling or data signaling. Such signaling may be on a data channel or a control channel, such as a physical channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel (such as PUSCH) or a sidelink data or shared channel or a physical uplink control channel (such as PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel. If the start symbol is associated with control signaling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signaling may be in response to received signaling (in the sidelink or downlink), for example, indicating acknowledgment signaling associated therewith, which may be HARQ or ARQ signaling. An end symbol may indicate the end symbol (in terms of time) of a downlink or sidelink transmission or signaling that may be intended or scheduled for a radio node or user equipment. Such downlink signaling may in particular be data signaling on a physical downlink channel, such as a shared channel, such as PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel). The start symbol may be determined based on such end symbol and / or in relation to such end symbol.

[0201] Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment, may refer to adapting or causing or setting and / or instructing the radio node to operate according to a configuration. Configuration may be performed, for example, by a network node (e.g., a radio node of a network such as a base station or eNodeB) or another device of the network, in which case it may include transmitting configuration data to the radio node to be configured. Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or include one or more instructions related to the configuration, such as a configuration for transmitting and / or receiving on allocated resources, in particular frequency resources. The radio node may configure itself, for example, based on configuration data received from the network or network node. The network node may configure and / or adapt its circuit(s) for configuration. Allocation information may be considered a form of configuration data. Configuration data may include configuration information and / or one or more corresponding instructions and / or one or more messages, and / or configuration data may be represented by configuration information and / or one or more corresponding instructions and / or one or more messages.

[0202] In general, configuration may include determining configuration data representing the configuration and providing (e.g., transmitting) it (in parallel and / or sequentially) to one or more other nodes, which may further transmit it to the radio node (or another node, which may be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively or additionally, configuring the radio node, for example by a network node or other device, may include receiving configuration data and / or data related to the configuration data, for example from another node, such as a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network, and / or transmitting the received configuration data to the radio node. Thus, determining the configuration and transmitting the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities, which may be able to communicate via a suitable interface, such as the X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring the terminal may include scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, such as downlink data and / or downlink control signaling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication signaling, in particular acknowledgment signaling, and / or configuring the terminal may include configuring resources and / or resource pools for it.

[0203] If a resource structure and another resource structure share a common boundary frequency, for example, one as an upper frequency boundary and the other as a lower frequency boundary, then the resource structure can be considered to be adjacent to the other resource structure in the frequency domain. For example, such a boundary can be represented by the upper end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n+1. If a resource structure and another resource structure share a common boundary time, for example, one as an upper (or right in the figure) boundary and the other as a lower (or left in the figure) boundary, then the resource structure can be considered to be adjacent to the other resource structure in the time domain. For example, such a boundary can be represented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n, which also represents the beginning of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n+1.

[0204] Generally, a resource structure being adjacent to another resource structure in a domain may also be referred to as being adjacent to and / or contiguous to the other resource structure in the domain.

[0205] A resource structure may generally represent a structure in the time domain and / or frequency domain, in particular a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structure may include resource elements and / or be composed of resource elements, and / or a time interval of a resource structure may include one / multiple symbol time intervals and / or be composed of one / multiple symbol time intervals, and / or a frequency interval of a resource structure may include one / multiple subcarriers and / or be composed of one / multiple subcarriers. Resource elements may be considered as examples of resource structures, and time slots or mini-time slots or physical resource blocks (PRBs) or parts thereof may be considered as examples of other resource structures. A resource structure may be associated with a specific channel, such as a PUSCH or PUCCH, in particular a resource structure that is smaller than a time slot or a PRB.

[0206] Examples of resource structures in the frequency domain include bandwidth or frequency band, or bandwidth portion. A bandwidth portion may be a portion of the bandwidth that a radio node can use for communication, for example due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulations and / or standards. A bandwidth portion may be configured or configurable to a radio node. In some embodiments, a bandwidth portion may be a portion of the bandwidth used by a radio node for communication (e.g., transmission and / or reception). A bandwidth portion may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined by the circuitry / configuration of the device, and / or a system bandwidth available for the RAN, for example). A bandwidth portion may be considered to include one or more resource blocks or resource block groups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A bandwidth portion may be associated with and / or include one or more carriers.

[0207] A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and / or be associated with a center frequency and an associated frequency interval. A carrier may be considered to comprise a plurality of subcarriers. A carrier may have assigned to it a center frequency or center frequency interval, for example, represented by one or more subcarriers (each subcarrier may generally be assigned a frequency bandwidth or interval). Different carriers may be non-overlapping and / or may be adjacent in the frequency domain.

[0208] It should be noted that the term "radio" in this disclosure can be considered to relate generally to wireless communications and may also include wireless communications utilizing millimeter waves, particularly above one of the thresholds 10 GHz, 20 GHz, 50 GHz, 52 GHz, 52.6 GHz, 60 GHz, 72 GHz, 100 GHz, or 114 GHz. Such communications may utilize one or more carriers, for example, in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. The upper frequency boundary may correspond to 300 GHz, 200 GHz, 120 GHz, or any threshold greater than the threshold representing the lower frequency boundary.

[0209] A radio node, in particular a network node or terminal, may generally be any device suitable for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data, in particular communication data, in particular on at least one carrier. The at least one carrier may include a carrier accessed based on a LBT procedure (which may be referred to as an LBT carrier), for example, an unlicensed carrier. The carrier may be considered to be part of a carrier aggregation.

[0210] Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting using a frequency (frequency band) or spectrum associated with the cell or carrier. A cell may generally include one or more carriers and / or be defined by one or more carriers or be defined for one or more carriers, in particular at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission (referred to as UL carrier) and at least one carrier for DL ​​communication / transmission (referred to as DL carrier). It can be considered that a cell includes a different number of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively or additionally, for example in a TDD-based method, a cell may include at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and DL communication / transmission.

[0211] A channel may generally be a logical channel, a transport channel or a physical channel. A channel may comprise one or more carriers, in particular a plurality of subcarriers and / or the channel may be arranged on one or more carriers, in particular on a plurality of subcarriers. A channel that carries and / or is used to carry control signaling / control information may be considered a control channel, in particular if the channel that carries and / or is used to carry control signaling / control information is a physical layer channel and / or if the channel that carries and / or is used to carry control signaling / control information carries control plane information, the channel that carries and / or is used to carry control signaling / control information may be considered a control channel. Similarly, a channel that carries and / or is used to carry data signaling / user information may be considered a data channel, in particular if the channel that carries and / or is used to carry data signaling / user information is a physical layer channel and / or if the channel that carries and / or is used to carry data signaling / user information carries user plane information. A channel may be defined for a specific communication direction or for two complementary communication directions (e.g. UL and DL or a sidelink in both directions), in which case it may be considered to have two component channels, one for each direction. Examples of channels include channels for low-latency and / or high-reliability transmission, in particular channels for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), which can be used for control and / or data.

[0212] In general, a symbol may represent and / or be associated with a symbol duration, which may depend on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or a parameter set associated with the carrier. Thus, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time interval having a symbol duration relative to the frequency domain. The symbol duration may depend on the carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or parameter set and / or subcarrier spacing of the symbol or may be associated with the symbol. Thus, different symbols may have different symbol durations. In particular, parameter sets with different subcarrier spacings may have different symbol durations. In general, the symbol duration may be based on and / or include a guard time interval or a cyclic extension such as a prefix or suffix.

[0213] A side link may generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) between two UEs and / or terminals, wherein data is transmitted between the participants (UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, for example directly and / or without being relayed via a network node. A side link may be established only and / or may be established directly via one / multiple air interfaces of the participants that may be directly linked via a side link communication channel. In some embodiments, side link communication may be performed, for example, on fixedly defined resources and / or on resources negotiated between the participants without interaction through a network node. Alternatively or additionally, it may be considered that the network node provides some control functionality, for example by configuring resources, in particular one or more resource pools, for side link communication and / or monitoring the side link, for example for billing purposes.

[0214] For example, in the context of LTE, sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, and / or in some cases, as ProSe (Proximity Services) communication. Sidelink may be implemented in the context of V2x communication (vehicle communication), such as V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), and / or V2P (vehicle-to-person). Any device suitable for sidelink communication may be considered a user equipment or terminal.

[0215] The sidelink communication channel (or structure) may include one or more (e.g., physical or logical) channels, such as a PSCCH (physical sidelink control channel, which may, for example, carry control information such as an acknowledgement position indication) and / or a PSSCH (physical sidelink shared channel, which may, for example, carry data and / or acknowledgement signaling). The sidelink communication channel (or structure) may be considered to be associated with and / or used one / more frequency ranges and / or one or more carriers associated with and / or being used by cellular communication, e.g., according to a particular license and / or standard. The participants may share resources and / or (physical) channels of the side link, in particular in the frequency domain and / or relating to frequency resources such as carriers, such that two or more participants transmit thereon, for example simultaneously and / or time-shifted, and / or there may be specific channels and / or resources associated with specific participants, such that, for example, only one participant transmits on a specific resource or multiple specific resources, for example in the frequency domain and / or relating to one or more carriers or subcarriers, or on a specific channel.

[0216] The sidelink may conform to, for example, a standard based on LTE and / or a specific standard of NR, and / or the sidelink may be implemented according to, for example, a standard based on LTE and / or a specific standard of NR. The sidelink may utilize, for example, TDD (time division duplex) and / or FDD (frequency division duplex) technology as configured and / or preconfigured by a network node and / or negotiated between the parties. If the user equipment and / or its radio circuits and / or processing circuits are particularly adapted to utilize the sidelink, for example, on one or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats according to a specific standard, then the user equipment may be considered suitable for sidelink communication. Generally, a radio access network may be considered to be defined by the two parties to the sidelink communication. Alternatively or additionally, a radio access network may be represented and / or defined using a network node and / or communications with such a node, and / or the radio access network may be related to a network node and / or communications with such a node.

[0217] Communicating or communicating generally includes transmitting and / or receiving signaling. Communication on the sidelink (or sidelink signaling) may include using the sidelink for communication (respectively for signaling). Sidelink transmission and / or transmitting on the sidelink may be considered to include transmission of the sidelink using, for example, associated resources and / or transport format and / or circuit and / or air interface. Sidelink reception and / or receiving on the sidelink may be considered to include reception of the sidelink using, for example, associated resources and / or transport format and / or circuit and / or air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g., SCI) may generally be considered to include control information transmitted using the sidelink.

[0218] In general, carrier aggregation (CA) can refer to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / or a network node and a terminal, or to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link on a sidelink that includes multiple carriers for at least one direction of transmission (e.g., DL and / or UL), as well as to the aggregation of carriers. The corresponding communication link can be referred to as a carrier-aggregated communication link or CA communication link; the carriers in the carrier aggregation can be referred to as component carriers (CCs). In such a link, data can be transmitted on more than one carrier and / or all carriers in the carrier aggregation (carrier aggregation). Carrier aggregation can include one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / or primary carriers (the primary carrier can be referred to as a primary component carrier or PCC) on which control information can be transmitted, where the control information can refer to the primary carrier and other carriers, which can be referred to as secondary carriers (or secondary component carriers, SCCs). However, in some methods, control information can be sent on more than one aggregated carrier, for example, on one or more PCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs.

[0219] A transmission may generally relate to specific resources and / or specific channels having a start symbol and an end symbol, in particular in time, covering the interval between the start symbol and the end symbol. A scheduled transmission may be a transmission that is scheduled and / or expected and / or for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not every scheduled transmission has to be implemented. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission may not be received or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted due to power limitations or other effects (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier is being occupied). Transmissions may be scheduled for a transmit timing substructure (e.g., a mini-slot, and / or covering only a portion of the transmit timing structure) within a transmit timing structure such as a time slot. Boundary symbols may indicate symbols in the transmit timing structure at which a transmission starts or ends.

[0220] Predefined in the context of the present disclosure may refer to relevant information being defined, for example, in a standard and / or being available without specific configuration from the network or network node (e.g., stored in a memory, e.g., independent of being configured). Configured or configurable may be considered to relate to the corresponding information being set / configured, for example, by the network or network node.

[0221] Configuration or scheduling such as mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration may schedule transmissions, for example for times / transmissions for which it is valid, and / or transmissions may be scheduled by separate signaling or separate configuration such as separate RRC signaling and / or downlink control information signaling. Depending on which side of the communication the device is on, the scheduled transmission / transmissions may represent signaling to be transmitted by the device that schedules it, or may represent signaling to be received by the device that schedules it. It should be noted that downlink control information, or specifically DCI signaling, may be considered physical layer signaling, in contrast to higher layer signaling such as MAC (medium access control) signaling or RRC layer signaling. The higher the layer of signaling, the less frequent / more time / resources it may be considered to consume, at least in part because the information contained in such signaling must be passed through several layers (each requiring processing and handling).

[0222] For example, the transmission timing structure of the mini-slot or time slot and / or the scheduled transmission may be related to a specific channel, in particular to a physical uplink shared channel such as PUSCH, PUCCH or PDSCH, a physical uplink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel, and / or may be related to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. For example, the corresponding configuration of the scheduling configuration or symbol configuration may be related to such channels, cells and / or carrier aggregation. It can be considered that the scheduled transmission means a transmission on a physical channel, in particular a transmission on a shared physical channel such as a physical uplink shared channel or a physical downlink shared channel. For such channels, a semi-persistent configuration may be particularly suitable.

[0223] Generally, the configuration may be a configuration indicating timing and / or may be configured or represented using corresponding configuration data. The configuration may be embedded and / or included in a message or configuration or corresponding data that may in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically indicate and / or schedule resources.

[0224] A control region of a transmit timing structure may be an interval in the time and / or frequency domain for control signaling intended for, scheduled for, or reserved for, in particular, downlink control signaling, and / or for a specific control channel, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). An interval may include and / or consist of multiple symbols in time, for example, on a PDCCH or RRC signaling, or on a multicast or broadcast channel, such as via (UE-specific) dedicated signaling (which may be unicast, e.g., addressed to or intended for a specific UE), where the multiple symbols in time may be configured or configurable. In general, a transmit timing structure may include a control region covering a configurable number of symbols. It may be considered that a general boundary symbol is configured to follow the control region in time. The control region may be associated with one or more specific UEs and / or DCI and / or PDCCH formats and / or identifiers, such as UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cell identifiers, for example, via configuration and / or determination, and / or the control region may be represented as and / or associated with a CORESET and / or search space.

[0225] The duration of a symbol of the transmit timing structure (symbol time length or interval) may generally depend on a parameter set and / or a carrier, where the parameter set and / or the carrier may be configurable.The parameter set may be a parameter set to be used for a scheduled transmission.

[0226] System information signaling may include and / or represent signaling indicating one or more system parameters, in particular timing and / or synchronization, and / or parameter sets and / or system identifiers (e.g., beam identifiers and / or cell IDs and / or node IDs and / or network IDs). System information signaling may include broadcast signaling or multicast signaling; it may be beamformed signaling or non-beamformed signaling. In some cases, system information signaling may include synchronization signaling (e.g., PSS and / or SSS), and / or reference signaling (e.g., DM-RS), and / or data signaling (e.g., on a broadcast channel such as PBCH, or on a data channel such as PDSCH), e.g., adapted for broadcast or multicast, or scrambled with an ID provided in earlier signaling or an ID predefined in the standard. Such data signaling may include coded information, e.g., with error detection and / or error correction coding. System information signaling may include system information, such as a master information block (MIB) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs). System information signaling may be carried on an SSB beam.

[0227] A transmit timing structure may include multiple symbols and / or define an interval comprising several symbols (and accordingly, their associated time intervals). In the context of the present disclosure, it should be noted that, unless it is clear from the context that a frequency domain component must also be considered, references to symbols for ease of reference may be interpreted as referring to a symbol's time domain projection, time interval, time component, duration, or time length, unless it is clear from the context that a frequency domain component must also be considered. Examples of transmit timing structures include slots, subframes, mini-slots (which may also be considered a substructure of a slot), slot aggregates (which may include multiple slots and may be considered a superstructure of a slot), and their respective time domain components. A transmit timing structure may generally include multiple symbols that define the time domain extension (e.g., an interval, length, or duration) of the transmit timing structure and are arranged adjacent to each other in a numbered sequence. A timing structure may be defined by a series of such transmit timing structures (which may also be considered or implemented as a synchronization structure), which may, for example, define a timing grid having symbols representing a minimal grid structure. Transmission of the transmit timing structure and / or boundary symbols or schedules may be determined or scheduled in relation to such a timing grid. The received transmit timing structure may be a transmit timing structure in which, for example, scheduling control signaling is received in relation to the timing grid.The transmit timing structure may specifically be a time slot or a subframe, or in some cases a mini-slot.

[0228] Feedback signaling may be considered as a form or control signaling, e.g. uplink or sidelink control signaling such as UCI (uplink control information) signaling or SCI (sidelink control information) signaling. Feedback signaling may in particular include and / or represent confirmation signaling and / or confirmation information and / or measurement reports.

[0229] Signaling utilizing a resource or resource structure and / or on a resource or resource structure and / or associated to a resource or resource structure can be signaling over the resource or structure, over the associated frequency(ies) and / or in the associated time interval(s). It can be considered that a signaling resource structure includes and / or comprises one or more substructures, which can be associated with one or more different channels and / or signaling types and / or include one or more apertures (resource elements / elements not scheduled for transmission or reception of a transmission). For example, a resource substructure of a feedback resource structure can generally be continuous in time and / or frequency within an associated interval. It can be considered that, in particular, a substructure of a feedback resource structure represents a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However, in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, in particular a frequency resource range, can represent a discontinuous pattern of resources in one or more domains of time and / or frequency, for example. Resource elements of a substructure can be scheduled for associated signaling.

[0230] Example types of signaling include signaling for specific communication directions, in particular uplink signaling, downlink signaling, sidelink signaling, and reference signaling (e.g. SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signaling, control signaling and / or signaling associated to specific channels such as PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).

[0231] In the context of the present disclosure, a distinction can be made between dynamically scheduled or aperiodic transmissions and / or configurations and semi-static or semi-persistent or periodic transmissions and / or configurations. The term "dynamic" or similar terms can generally relate to a configuration / transmission that is valid and / or scheduled and / or configured for a (relatively) short time scale and / or a (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or limited and / or well-defined) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures (e.g., one or more transmission timing structures such as time slots or time slot aggregations) and / or for one or more (e.g., a specific number of) transmissions / occurrences. Dynamic configuration can be based on low-layer signaling, such as control signaling on the physical layer and / or MAC layer, in particular in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static can relate to a longer time scale, such as several time slots and / or more than one frame and / or an undefined number of occurrences, such as until the dynamic configuration conflicts or until a new periodic configuration arrives. The periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on higher layer signaling, in particular RCL layer signaling and / or RRC signaling and / or MAC signaling and / or configured using higher layer signaling, in particular RCL layer signaling and / or RRC signaling and / or MAC signaling.

[0232] In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation rather than limitation, specific details (such as specific network functions, processes, and signaling steps) are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the technology presented herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be implemented in variations and other variations that depart from these specific details.

[0233] For example, concepts and variants are partially described in the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or New Air mobile or wireless communication technologies; however, this does not exclude the use of the present concepts and aspects in conjunction with additional or alternative mobile communication technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11ay. Although the described variants may be related to certain Technical Specifications (TS) of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be appreciated that the present methods, concepts, and aspects may also be implemented in conjunction with different Performance Management (PM) specifications.

[0234] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions, and steps explained herein may be implemented using software running in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor, or using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a general purpose computer. It will also be appreciated that, while the variations described herein are illustrated in the context of methods and apparatus, the concepts and aspects presented herein may also be embodied in program products and in systems including, for example, control circuitry of a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products that perform the services, functions, and steps disclosed herein.

[0235] It is believed that from the foregoing description the advantages of the aspects and variations presented herein will be fully appreciated, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction, and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereof without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or sacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspects presented herein may be varied in many ways.

[0236] Some useful abbreviations include: Abbreviation Explanation ABF analog beamformer, fan-out antenna + beamforming ACK / NACK Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement Ant ARQ Automatic Repeat Request BB baseband Beamindex IF Beam Index Interface BER Bit Error Rate BI Beam Index BLER Block Error Rate BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BWP Bandwidth Part CAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross Correlation CB code block CBB code block bundle CBG Code Block Group CDM Code Division Multiplexing CM cubic metric Comm RXBB Communications Receiver Baseband CORESET Control Resource Set CP Cyclic Prefix CP rem CP removal CQI Channel Quality Information CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRS Common Reference Signal CSI Channel State Information CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator DCI Downlink Control Information DFE Digital Front End DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DFTS-FDM DFT-Spread-FDM DM(-)RS Demodulation Reference Signal (Signaling) eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDE Frequency Domain Equalization FDF frequency domain filtering FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FFT Fast Fourier Transform GPIO General Purpose Input and Output HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Im imaginary part, for example for pi / 2*BPSK modulation IR impulse response ISI Inter-Symbol Interference JCAS Joint Communications and Sensing MBB Mobile Broadband MCS modulation and coding scheme MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MRC Maximum Ratio Combining MRT Maximum Ratio Transmission MU-MIMO Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output OFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PRB Physical Resource Block PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel (P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control Channel PSS Primary Synchronization Signal (Signaling) PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signaling (P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared Channel QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation OCC Orthogonal Cover Code QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying PSD power spectral density RAN Radio Access Network RAT Radio Access Technology RB Resource Block RE resource element Re real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK modulation) RF RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier RRC Radio Resource Control RX Receiver, Receive, Receive Related / Side SA Scheduling Assignment SC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization SC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access SCI Side Link Control Information SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SIR signal-to-interference ratio SNR signal-to-noise ratio SPI serial to parallel interface SR Scheduling Request SRS Sounding Reference Signal (Signaling) SSS Secondary synchronization signal (signaling) SVD Singular Value Decomposition TB transfer block TDD Time Division Duplex TDM Time Division Multiplexing T-RS Tracking Reference Signaling or Timing Reference Signaling TX transmitter, transmit, transmit related / side UCI Uplink Control Information UDC up-down converter, from mix UE User Equipment URLLC Ultra-Low Latency High Reliability Communications VL-MIMO Very Large Input Multiple Output WD Wireless Devices Wfg Waveform Generator ZC Zadoff-Chu ZF Force Zero ZP Zero power, such as muted CSI-RS symbols

[0237] Abbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage, where applicable.

Claims

1. A method of operating a receiving radio node in a radio access network, the method comprising communicating based on received first signalling, the first signalling comprising a preamble portion and a message portion.

2. A receiving radio node for a radio access network, the receiving radio node being adapted to communicate based on received first signaling, the first signaling comprising a preamble part and a message part.

3. A method of operating a transmitting radio node in a radio access network, the method comprising transmitting first signalling, the first signalling comprising a preamble portion and a message portion.

4. A transmitting radio node for a radio access network, the transmitting radio node being adapted to transmit first signaling, the first signaling comprising a preamble part and a message part.

5. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The preamble portion includes reference signaling.

6. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The preamble portion covers a plurality of allocation units, such as a plurality of block symbols and / or symbol time intervals.

7. A method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The preamble portion is based on a sequence root and / or represents a predefined sequence.

8. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: Different parts of the preamble portion, eg, parts associated with different allocation units, are shifted relative to each other and / or are based on the same sequence root and / or sequence.

9. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The message part represents and / or includes a random access response or a data channel message and / or a control channel message.

10. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first signaling is preceded by pilot signaling.

11. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The message part includes one or more messages and / or consists of one or more messages.

12. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first signaling is indicated and / or configured by configuration signaling, and the configuration signaling is particularly broadcast signaling and / or synchronization signaling.

13. A program product comprising instructions for causing a processing circuit to control and / or perform the method according to one of claims 1 or 3 or one of 5 to 12.

14. A carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product according to claim 13.

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