Aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and waste gas purification device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, in particular to an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and waste gas purification device and method.The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and waste gas purification device comprises a casting smelting furnace and a sealing top cover, the sealing top cover is arranged at the top of the casting smelting furnace, and a waste gas treatment and utilization structure is bolted to the surface of the casting smelting furnace; the waste gas treatment and utilization structure communicates with the sealing top cover, a support is bolted to the top of the casting smelting furnace, a lifting lead screw is in threaded connection with the interior of the support, and the bottom of the lifting lead screw is rotationally connected with the sealing top cover; the waste gas treatment and utilization structure comprises a waste gas treatment mechanism, and the waste gas treatment mechanism is connected to the rear side of the casting smelting furnace in a bolted mode. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and waste gas purification device and method have the advantages that purification and waste heat recovery are integrated through a waste gas treatment and utilization structure, multi-stage purification of waste gas is achieved, waste heat is used for preheating fresh air, and energy consumption of a smelting furnace is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, and in particular to a device and method for utilizing waste heat and purifying waste gas from aluminum alloy casting. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, during the aluminum alloy casting process, the melting furnace will produce a large amount of high-temperature exhaust gas. These exhaust gases not only contain pollutants such as dust and harmful gases, which will cause serious pollution to the environment if directly discharged, but also a large amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas is wasted, resulting in high energy consumption of the melting furnace.

[0003] Existing technologies for treating high-temperature exhaust gas and recovering waste heat from aluminum alloy smelting furnaces have many deficiencies. For one thing, the exhaust gas purification device has low purification efficiency. Some devices only use a single sedimentation or filtration method, which is difficult to effectively remove tiny particles of dust and harmful gases in the exhaust gas. For example, relying solely on the sedimentation chamber cannot remove suspended fine dust, resulting in excessive levels of pollutants in the exhaust gas, causing serious environmental pollution.

[0004] On the other hand, most waste heat recovery devices have simple structures and low heat transfer efficiency. Some devices only perform heat exchange through simple pipe interlacing. The fresh air and high-temperature exhaust gas are not in sufficient contact, the waste heat recovery effect is poor, and the energy consumption of the smelting furnace cannot be significantly reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical problems solved

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device and method, which has the advantages of integrating purification and waste heat recovery through the exhaust gas treatment and utilization structure, achieving multi-stage purification of exhaust gas, and utilizing waste heat to preheat fresh air, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the smelting furnace.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device, comprising a casting and melting furnace and a sealed top cover, wherein the sealed top cover is arranged on the top of the casting and melting furnace, a waste gas treatment and utilization structure is bolted to the surface of the casting and melting furnace, and the waste gas treatment and utilization structure is connected to the sealed top cover, a bracket is bolted to the top of the casting and melting furnace, and the internal thread of the bracket is connected to a lifting screw, and the bottom of the lifting screw is rotatably connected to the sealed top cover;

[0009] The waste gas treatment and utilization structure includes a waste gas treatment mechanism, which is bolted to the rear side of the casting and melting furnace. The top of the waste gas treatment mechanism is connected to a waste gas pipe, and the other end of the waste gas pipe is connected to a sealed top cover. The left side of the casting and melting furnace is bolted to a waste gas utilization mechanism, and the rear side of the waste gas utilization mechanism is connected to an air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the casting and melting furnace. The waste gas treatment mechanism and the waste gas utilization mechanism are connected through a pipeline.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up a waste gas treatment and utilization structure, the waste gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace enters the waste gas pipe through the sealed top cover, and then flows into the waste gas treatment mechanism for multi-stage purification treatment; fresh air is sent to the waste gas utilization mechanism for preheating, and then transported to the smelting furnace through the air inlet pipe, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: the exhaust gas treatment mechanism includes a shell one, the shell one is bolted to the rear side of the casting and smelting furnace, the front side of the interior of the shell one is bolted with a sedimentation chamber, and the top of the sedimentation chamber is connected to the exhaust gas pipe, the rear side of the shell one is bolted with a fixed frame, and a dust removal assembly is provided inside the fixed frame, two ash hoppers are bolted to the bottom of the shell one, and the ash hoppers are respectively connected to the sedimentation chamber and the fixed frame, and an activated carbon adsorption component is provided on the rear side of the fixed frame.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up an exhaust gas treatment mechanism, after the exhaust gas enters the sedimentation chamber along the exhaust pipe, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sedimentation chamber suddenly increases and the exhaust gas flow rate decreases. Therefore, the dust particles with larger particle sizes quickly settle under the action of gravity and fall into the ash collecting hopper, and the exhaust gas after settling continues to flow backward into the dust removal component of the fixed frame. The dust removal component can intercept dust with smaller particle sizes and further treat the exhaust gas. Finally, the activated carbon adsorption component adsorbs harmful substances in the exhaust gas, thereby realizing multi-stage purification of the exhaust gas and reducing pollution to the environment.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the dust removal assembly includes a rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixed frame, a support plate is sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft, and a support ring is bolted on the surface of the support plate, a filter portion is provided between two adjacent support plates, and the filter portion is connected to the side close to the inner wall of the support ring, two reciprocating screw rods are rotatably connected to the left side of the fixed frame, the two reciprocating screw rods are welded, and the two reciprocating screw rods are arranged in opposite directions, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the surface of the reciprocating screw rod, and a scraper is bolted on the right side of the screw sleeve, the scraper is used in conjunction with the filter portion, a knocking piece is provided inside the scraper, and the knocking piece is used in conjunction with the support ring.

[0014] The above technical solution is adopted, by setting up a dust removal component, after the exhaust gas enters the fixed frame, the shaft is driven by an external driving device to rotate slowly, and the support ring and the filter part are driven to rotate synchronously through the support plate. The filter part is composed of multiple layers of stainless steel fiber felt, which can intercept dust particles with smaller particle size. The rotation of the rotating shaft will also drive the two reciprocating screws to rotate. By using the thread cooperation between the reciprocating screw and the screw sleeve, the two screw sleeves can be moved relative to each other, so that the scraper is close to the filter part and contacts it, and the intercepted dust can be scraped off. As the reciprocating screw continues to rotate, after the scraper contacts the filter part for a certain period of time, the screw sleeve will move in the opposite direction, so that the scraper is separated from the filter part, thereby realizing periodic cleaning of the filter part, and the support ring will periodically contact the knocking piece during the rotation process, so that the knocking piece hits the support ring, causing the filter part to vibrate, thereby shaking off the intercepted dust, and realizing periodic automatic cleaning, avoiding frequent manual maintenance, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: a baffle shell is bolted to the left side of the front and rear sides of the fixed frame, and the baffle shell is in contact with the filter part on one side, and the rear side of the rear reciprocating screw extends to the outside of the rear baffle shell, and a cleaning cavity is formed between the baffle shell and the fixed frame, and the scraper is inside the cleaning cavity.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the cleaning cavity formed between the baffle shell and the fixed frame can be set to seal the cleaning part of the filter part. Therefore, when cleaning the filter part, the removed dust is prevented from entering the waste gas utilization mechanism along with the purified waste gas, thereby ensuring the treatment effect of the waste gas.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: a connecting shaft is bolted to the rear side of the rotating shaft, a transmission wheel is bolted to the rear sides of the connecting shaft and the rear reciprocating screw rod, and a belt is wound between the insides of the two transmission wheels.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rotating shaft rotates, the connecting shaft and the transmission wheel on the right will be driven to rotate synchronously, and the transmission wheel on the left will be driven to rotate synchronously under the action of the belt, thereby realizing the linkage between the rotating shaft and the reciprocating screw. Moreover, since the diameter of the transmission wheel on the right is smaller than that of the transmission wheel on the left, the reciprocating screw can be rotated slowly, which has the effect of periodically cleaning the dust in the filter part.

[0019] The present invention is further configured as follows: the knocking member includes a movable rod, which is movably arranged inside the scraper, and a contact protrusion is provided on the side of the movable rod close to the support ring, and a pushing protrusion is provided on the front and rear sides of the support ring, and the pushing protrusion is used in conjunction with the contact protrusion, and a return spring is sleeved on the surface of the movable rod, and the return spring is connected to the scraper and the contact protrusion on one side respectively.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a knocking piece is set. When the support ring rotates with the rotating shaft, the pushing protrusions on the front and rear sides squeeze the contact protrusion in turn. When the contact protrusion is squeezed, the movable rod moves outward and compresses the reset spring to store force. When the pushing protrusion is separated from the contact protrusion, the reset spring releases energy to make the movable rod pop out quickly and hit the support ring, causing the support ring to vibrate, and the vibration is transmitted to the filter part through the support ring, thereby shaking off the intercepted dust, realizing periodic automatic cleaning, avoiding frequent manual maintenance, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0021] The present invention is further configured as follows: the contact protrusion and the push protrusion are both semicircular, and the push protrusion is distributed in a ring shape on the front and rear sides of the support ring, and the scraper is triangularly configured on the side close to the filter portion.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, a smooth transition is formed during contact through the semicircular contact protrusion and the pushing protrusion, thereby avoiding component wear caused by rigid collision. The sharp edge of the triangular scraper scrapes off the filter residue and guides it to the ash hopper. At the same time, the triangular structure causes the scraper to exert a certain pressure on the filter part, ensuring that the sticky dust is effectively scraped off.

[0023] The present invention is further configured as follows: the waste gas utilization mechanism includes a second shell, the second shell is bolted to the left side of the casting and smelting furnace, a partition is bolted to the inside of the second shell, and the partition separates the two sides of the inside of the second shell into a waste gas channel and an air channel, the waste gas channel is connected to the outlet of the waste gas treatment mechanism, and the air channel is connected to the external fresh air inlet, a plurality of heat pipes are passed through the interior of the partition, and a plurality of fins are sleeved on the surface of the heat pipe, one end of the heat pipe is located in the smoke and waste gas channel, and the other end is located in the air channel, the part of the heat pipe in the waste gas channel is an evaporation section, and the part in the air channel is a condensation section, and the heat pipe is filled with phase change working medium, and the front and rear sides of the partition are bolted with an air deflector and a waste gas deflector respectively.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, a waste gas utilization mechanism is set up, and the purified waste gas enters the waste gas channel. The heat in the waste gas is transferred to the phase change working medium in the evaporation section of the heat pipe through the fins. The phase change working medium boils and vaporizes due to heat absorption, and the steam flows to the condensation section under the action of pressure difference, transferring the heat to the fresh air in the air channel, thereby preheating the fresh air. It recovers more waste heat than the traditional pipe staggered structure, realizes efficient energy transfer, and reduces the energy consumption of the smelting furnace. The condensed working medium flows back to the evaporation section under the action of gravity, forming a closed-loop circulation. When the fresh air flows in the air channel, the air guide plate guides the air to flow in a wave shape, so that the air is in full contact with the surface of the heat pipe, which can improve the heat exchange effect.

[0025] The present invention is further configured as follows: the air deflector is arranged in an inclined shape inside the air channel, the exhaust gas deflector is arranged in parallel with each other inside the exhaust gas channel, the rear end of the heat pipe is located between two adjacent exhaust gas deflectors and between the exhaust gas deflector and the shell two, and a plurality of guide holes are opened inside the air deflector and the exhaust gas deflector.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas deflector evenly distributes the exhaust gas around the evaporation section of the heat pipe, so that the heat load of each heat pipe is relatively even, and the guide holes on the air deflector and the exhaust gas deflector further disperse the airflow, forming a turbulent effect. In the air and exhaust gas channels, this turbulence makes the air more fully in contact with the condensation section and evaporation section of the heat pipe.

[0027] A method for utilizing waste heat from aluminum alloy casting and using an exhaust gas purification device comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace enters the settling chamber of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism through the exhaust pipe. The larger dust particles in the exhaust gas settle in the settling chamber and are discharged;

[0029] S2. After settling, the exhaust gas enters the dust removal component, which filters out tiny dust particles in the exhaust gas. The dust removal component is cleaned periodically, and the removed dust is temporarily collected in the dust collection hopper to maintain the filtering accuracy of the dust removal component.

[0030] S3. The purified high-temperature exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas channel of the exhaust gas utilization mechanism. The evaporation section of the heat pipe absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas, evaporating the internal phase-change working medium into steam. The steam flows to the condensation section. Fresh air from the outside enters the air channel of the exhaust gas utilization mechanism and flows in a wavy path under the guidance of the air guide plate. It fully exchanges heat with the condensation section of the heat pipe, achieving air preheating.

[0031] S4. The preheated fresh air is transported to the casting and melting furnace, while the condensed phase change working medium flows back to the evaporation section to continue heat transfer. Finally, the low-temperature exhaust gas after waste heat recovery is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0032] (3) Beneficial effects

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device and method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device and method integrates purification and waste heat recovery through the exhaust gas treatment and utilization structure. Therefore, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace is first purified by the exhaust gas treatment mechanism in multiple stages, and then the exhaust gas utilization mechanism recovers the waste heat, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction; the dust removal component of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism can realize periodic automatic cleaning during operation, which can avoid frequent manual maintenance, ensure continuous and stable operation of the equipment, and extend the service life; the fins on the surface of the heat pipe in the exhaust gas utilization mechanism increase the heat exchange area, the air deflector guides the air to flow in a wave shape, and the exhaust gas deflector evenly distributes the exhaust gas. The three work together to improve the heat transfer efficiency and recover more waste heat than the traditional pipe staggered structure. The phase change working medium in the heat pipe quickly transfers the exhaust gas heat to fresh air through the evaporation-condensation cycle, thereby achieving efficient energy transfer and reducing the energy consumption of the smelting furnace. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the dust removal assembly structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection between the striking member and the supporting ring in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the waste gas utilization mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection between the partition plate and the air deflector in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 The figure shows the process flow of the method for using the aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device in the present invention.

[0042] Figure: 1, casting and smelting furnace; 2, sealing top cover; 3, exhaust gas treatment and utilization structure; 4, exhaust gas treatment mechanism; 41, shell 1; 42, sedimentation chamber; 43, fixed frame; 44, dust removal assembly; 441, rotating shaft; 442, support plate; 443, support ring; 444, filter unit; 445, reciprocating screw; 446, screw sleeve; 447, scraper; 448, knocking member; 448a, movable rod; 448b, contact protrusion ; 448c, push protrusion; 448d, return spring; 45, ash hopper; 46, activated carbon adsorption element; 5, exhaust pipe; 6, exhaust gas utilization mechanism; 61, shell 2; 62, partition; 63, heat pipe; 64, fin; 65, air deflector; 66, exhaust deflector; 7, air inlet pipe; 8, bracket; 9, lifting screw; 10, baffle shell; 11, connecting shaft; 12, transmission wheel; 13, belt; 14, diversion hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-4 A device for utilizing waste heat and purifying waste gas from aluminum alloy casting comprises a casting and melting furnace 1 and a sealed top cover 2. The sealed top cover 2 is arranged on the top of the casting and melting furnace 1. An exhaust gas treatment and utilization structure 3 is bolted to the surface of the casting and melting furnace 1, and the exhaust gas treatment and utilization structure 3 is communicated with the sealed top cover 2. A bracket 8 is bolted to the top of the casting and melting furnace 1, and a lifting screw 9 is connected to the internal thread of the bracket 8. The bottom of the lifting screw 9 is rotatably connected to the sealed top cover 2.

[0046] The waste gas treatment and utilization structure 3 includes a waste gas treatment mechanism 4, which is bolted to the rear side of the casting and smelting furnace 1. The top of the waste gas treatment mechanism 4 is connected to a waste gas pipe 5, and the other end of the waste gas pipe 5 is connected to the sealed top cover 2. A waste gas utilization mechanism 6 is bolted to the left side of the casting and smelting furnace 1, and the rear side of the waste gas utilization mechanism 6 is connected to an air inlet pipe 7. The air inlet pipe 7 is connected to the casting and smelting furnace 1. The waste gas treatment mechanism 4 and the waste gas utilization mechanism 6 are connected through a pipeline. By setting up the waste gas treatment and utilization structure 3, the waste gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace 1 enters the waste gas pipe 5 through the sealed top cover 2, and then flows into the waste gas treatment mechanism 4 for multi-stage purification treatment; fresh air is sent to the waste gas utilization mechanism 6 for preheating, and then transported to the smelting furnace through the air inlet pipe 7, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0047] Among them, the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 4 includes a shell 41, which is bolted to the rear side of the casting and smelting furnace 1, a sedimentation chamber 42 is bolted to the front side of the shell 41, and the top of the sedimentation chamber 42 is connected to the exhaust pipe 5, a fixed frame 43 is bolted to the rear side of the shell 41, and a dust removal component 44 is provided inside the fixed frame 43, two ash hoppers 45 are bolted to the bottom of the shell 41, and the ash hoppers 45 are respectively connected to the sedimentation chamber 42 and the fixed frame 43, and an activated carbon adsorption component 46 is provided on the rear side of the fixed frame 43. By setting the exhaust gas treatment Mechanism 4, after the exhaust gas enters the settling chamber 42 along the exhaust pipe 5, the cross-sectional area of ​​the settling chamber 42 suddenly increases and the exhaust gas flow rate decreases. Therefore, the dust particles with larger particle sizes quickly settle under the action of gravity and fall into the ash collecting hopper 45, and the settled exhaust gas continues to flow backward into the dust removal component 44 of the fixed frame 43. The dust removal component 44 can intercept the dust with smaller particle sizes and further process the exhaust gas. Finally, the activated carbon adsorption component 46 adsorbs the harmful substances in the exhaust gas, thereby realizing multi-stage purification of the exhaust gas and reducing pollution to the environment.

[0048] Among them, the dust removal component 44 includes a rotating shaft 441, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixed frame 43. The surface of the rotating shaft 441 is sleeved with a support plate 442, and the surface of the support plate 442 is bolted with a support ring 443. A filter part 444 is provided between two adjacent support plates 442, and the filter part 444 is connected to the side close to the inner wall of the support ring 443. The left side of the interior of the fixed frame 43 is rotatably connected to two reciprocating screw rods 445, and the two reciprocating screw rods 445 are welded together, and The two reciprocating screw rods 445 are arranged in opposite directions. The surface of the reciprocating screw rod 445 is threaded with a screw sleeve 446, and the right side of the screw sleeve 446 is bolted with a scraper 447. The scraper 447 is used in conjunction with the filter part 444. The scraper 447 is provided with a knocking piece 448 inside, and the knocking piece 448 is used in conjunction with the support ring 443. By setting the dust removal component 44, after the exhaust gas enters the fixed frame 43, the shaft is driven slowly by the external driving device and drives the support ring 44 through the support plate 442. 3 rotates synchronously with the filter part 444. The filter part 444 is composed of multiple layers of stainless steel fiber felt and can intercept dust particles with smaller particle size. The rotation of the rotating shaft 441 will drive the two reciprocating screw rods 445 to rotate at the same time. The threads of the reciprocating screw rod 445 and the screw sleeve 446 can be used to make the two screw sleeves 446 move relative to each other, so that the scraper 447 approaches the filter part 444 and contacts it, so that the intercepted dust can be scraped off. As the reciprocating screw rod 445 continues to rotate, after the scraper 447 contacts the filter part 444 for a certain period of time, the screw sleeve 446 will move in the opposite direction, so that the scraper 447 is separated from the filter part 444, thereby achieving periodic cleaning of the filter part 444. In addition, the support ring 443 will periodically contact the knocking piece 448 during the rotation process, so that the knocking piece 448 hits the support ring 443, causing the filter part 444 to vibrate, thereby shaking off the intercepted dust, thereby achieving periodic automatic cleaning, avoiding frequent manual maintenance, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0049] Among them, the left side of the front and rear sides of the fixed frame 43 are bolted with a baffle shell 10, and the baffle shell 10 is in contact with the side close to the filter part 444, and the rear side of the rear reciprocating screw rod 445 extends to the outside of the rear baffle shell 10. A cleaning cavity is formed between the baffle shell 10 and the fixed frame 43, and the scraper 447 is inside the cleaning cavity. By setting the cleaning cavity formed between the baffle shell 10 and the fixed frame 43, the cleaning area of ​​the filter part 444 can be sealed. Therefore, when cleaning the filter part 444, the removed dust is prevented from entering the waste gas utilization mechanism 6 together with the purified exhaust gas, thereby ensuring the treatment effect of the exhaust gas.

[0050] Among them, the rear side of the rotating shaft 441 is bolted with a connecting shaft 11, and the rear sides of the connecting shaft 11 and the rear reciprocating screw rod 445 are bolted with a transmission wheel 12, and a belt 13 is wrapped between the insides of the two transmission wheels 12. When the rotating shaft 441 rotates, the connecting shaft 11 and the transmission wheel 12 on the right will be driven to rotate synchronously, and the transmission wheel 12 on the left will be driven to rotate synchronously under the action of the belt 13, thereby realizing the linkage between the rotating shaft 441 and the reciprocating screw rod 445, and since the diameter of the transmission wheel 12 on the right is smaller than that of the transmission wheel 12 on the left, the reciprocating screw rod 445 can rotate slowly, which has the effect of periodically cleaning the dust in the filter part 444.

[0051] Among them, the knocking member 448 includes a movable rod 448a, which is movably arranged inside the scraper 447. A contact protrusion 448b is provided on the side of the movable rod 448a close to the support ring 443. The front and rear sides of the support ring 443 are both provided with pushing protrusions 448c, and the pushing protrusions 448c are used in conjunction with the contact protrusions 448b. A return spring 448d is sleeved on the surface of the movable rod 448a. The side of the return spring 448d close to the scraper 447 and the contact protrusion 448b are respectively connected to the two. By setting the knocking member 448, when the support ring 443 rotates with the rotating shaft 441 When the push protrusion 448c is separated from the contact protrusion 448b, the return spring 448d releases energy to make the movable rod 448a pop out quickly and hit the support ring 443, causing the support ring 443 to vibrate, and the vibration is transmitted to the filter part 444 through the support ring 443, thereby shaking off the intercepted dust, realizing periodic automatic cleaning, avoiding frequent manual maintenance, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0052] Among them, the contact protrusion 448b and the pushing protrusion 448c are both semicircular in design, and the pushing protrusion 448c is distributed in a ring shape on the front and rear sides of the support ring 443. The scraper 447 is triangular in shape on the side close to the filter part 444. The semicircular contact protrusion 448b and the pushing protrusion 448c form a smooth transition when in contact, avoiding wear of components caused by rigid collision. The sharp edge of the triangular scraper 447 scrapes off the filter residue and guides it to the ash hopper 45. At the same time, the triangular structure causes the scraper 447 to exert a certain pressure on the filter part 444, ensuring that sticky dust is effectively scraped off.

[0053] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace 1 is collected into the exhaust pipe 5 through the sealing top cover 2. When it enters the sedimentation chamber 42, the exhaust gas flow rate drops sharply due to the sudden expansion of the cavity cross-sectional area. The dust particles with larger particle sizes naturally settle under the action of gravity and fall into the ash collecting hopper 45 along the funnel-shaped bottom, completing the preliminary solid-gas separation; the exhaust gas after settling enters the dust removal component 44 in the fixed frame 43, and the external driving device drives the rotating shaft 441 to rotate slowly, and drives the support ring 443 and the filter part 444 to rotate synchronously through the support plate 442. The filter part 444 intercepts the tiny dust particles in the exhaust gas during rotation to form a filter cake layer; during the rotation of the rotating shaft 441, the rotating shaft 441 drives the reciprocating screw 445 to rotate through the connecting shaft 11, the transmission wheel 12 and the belt 13. Due to the diameter difference of the transmission wheel 12, the speed of the reciprocating screw 445 is lower than that of the rotating shaft 441, so that The screw sleeve 446 drives the scraper 447 to move back and forth in the cleaning cavity. The triangular cutting edge of the scraper 447 is in close contact with the surface of the filter part 444, scraping the filter cake layer into the ash hopper 45; when the support ring 443 rotates, the annular pushing protrusions 448c on the front and rear sides thereof periodically squeeze the contact protrusions 448b in the scraper 447, causing the movable rod 448a to compress the reset spring 448d to store force. When the pushing protrusion 448c separates from the contact protrusion 448b, the reset spring 448d releases energy, and the movable rod 448a pops out and hits the support ring 443. The vibration is transmitted to the filter part 444 through the support ring 443, shaking off the deep dust and causing the dust to fall into the ash hopper 45; the filtered exhaust gas passes through the activated carbon adsorption part 46 on the rear side of the fixed frame 43, and the porous structure of the activated carbon is used to adsorb the residual harmful gas, and finally the purified exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] refer to Figure 5 and 6, an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device also includes an exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6, wherein the exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6 includes a second shell 61, the second shell 61 is bolted to the left side of the casting and melting furnace 1, and a partition 62 is bolted inside the second shell 61, and the partition 62 separates the two sides of the interior of the second shell 61 into an exhaust gas channel and an air channel, the exhaust gas channel is connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 4, and the air channel is connected to the external fresh air inlet, a plurality of heat pipes 63 are passed through the interior of the partition 62, and a plurality of fins 64 are sleeved on the surface of the heat pipe 63, one end of the heat pipe 63 is located in the smoke exhaust gas channel, and the other end is located in the air channel, the part of the heat pipe 63 in the exhaust gas channel is an evaporation section, and the part in the air channel is a condensation section, and the heat pipe 63 is filled with a phase change working medium, the partition 6 The front and rear sides of 2 are bolted with air guide plates 65 and exhaust gas guide plates 66 respectively. By setting the exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6, the purified exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas channel, and the heat in the exhaust gas is transferred to the phase change working medium in the evaporation section of the heat pipe 63 through the fins 64. The phase change working medium boils and vaporizes due to heat absorption. The steam flows to the condensation section under the action of the pressure difference, and transfers the heat to the fresh air in the air channel to achieve preheating of the fresh air. Compared with the traditional pipe staggered structure, more waste heat is recovered, energy is efficiently transferred, and the energy consumption of the smelting furnace is reduced. The condensed working medium flows back to the evaporation section under the action of gravity, forming a closed loop circulation. When the fresh air flows in the air channel, the air guide plate 65 guides the air to flow in a wave shape, so that the air is fully in contact with the surface of the heat pipe 63, which can improve the heat exchange effect.

[0056] Among them, the air deflector 65 is arranged in an inclined shape inside the air channel, and the exhaust gas deflector 66 is arranged in parallel with each other inside the exhaust gas channel. The rear end of the heat pipe 63 is located between the two adjacent exhaust gas deflectors 66 and the exhaust gas deflector 66 and the shell 2 61. A number of guide holes 14 are opened inside the air deflector 65 and the exhaust gas deflector 66. The exhaust gas deflector 66 evenly distributes the exhaust gas to the vicinity of the evaporation section of the heat pipe 63, so that the heat load of each heat pipe 63 is relatively even, and the guide holes 14 on the air deflector 65 and the exhaust gas deflector 66 further disperse the airflow to form a turbulent effect. In the air and exhaust gas channels, this turbulence makes the air more fully contact with the condensation section and evaporation section of the heat pipe 63.

[0057] Working principle of this embodiment: The purified high-temperature exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas channel of the second shell 61. When it flows through the evaporation section of the heat pipe 63, the heat is transferred to the phase change working medium in the tube through the fins 64. After the working medium absorbs heat and vaporizes, the steam flows to the condensation section in the air channel under the action of pressure difference, releases heat to the fresh air and condenses into liquid, and flows back to the evaporation section by gravity, forming a continuous heat transfer closed loop; the parallel exhaust gas guide plates 66 in the exhaust gas channel evenly distribute the airflow around the evaporation section of each heat pipe 63 to ensure balanced heat load, and the guide holes 14 further disperse the airflow to avoid local turbulence loss; the fresh air from the outside Under the action of the blower, the air enters the air channel and is guided by the inclined air guide plate 65 to flow in a wavy path. The combination of the air guide plate 65 and the guide hole 14 allows the air to fully contact the condensation section of the heat pipe 63, extending the heat exchange time and improving the preheating efficiency. The preheated air is transported to the smelting furnace through the air inlet pipe 7, reducing the heating energy consumption in the furnace. The exhaust gas and air form turbulence in their respective channels through the action of the guide plate and the guide hole 14, increasing the contact area and disturbance intensity with the surface of the heat pipe 63, ensuring the efficient transfer of heat from the exhaust gas to the air, and finally the low-temperature exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] refer to Figure 7 The present invention also provides a method for using an aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace 1 enters the settling chamber 42 of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 4 through the exhaust pipe 5. Larger particles of dust in the exhaust gas settle in the settling chamber 42 and are discharged;

[0061] S2. After settling, the exhaust gas enters the dust removal component 44, which filters out tiny particles of dust in the exhaust gas. The dust removal component 44 is periodically cleaned and the removed dust is temporarily collected in the dust hopper 45 to maintain the filtration accuracy of the dust removal component 44.

[0062] S3. The purified high-temperature exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas passage of exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6. The evaporation section of heat pipe 63 absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas, evaporating the internal phase-change medium into steam. The steam flows to the condensation section. Fresh air from the outside enters the air passage of exhaust gas utilization mechanism 6 and flows in a wavy path under the guidance of air guide plate 65. It fully exchanges heat with the condensation section of heat pipe 63, achieving air preheating.

[0063] S4. The preheated fresh air is transported to the casting and melting furnace 1, and the condensed phase change working medium flows back to the evaporation section to continue heat transfer. Finally, the low-temperature exhaust gas after waste heat recovery is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0064] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to this embodiment as needed. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device, comprising a casting and melting furnace (1) and a sealing top cover (2), characterized in that: The sealing top cover (2) is arranged on the top of the casting and smelting furnace (1), the surface of the casting and smelting furnace (1) is bolted with a waste gas treatment and utilization structure (3), and the waste gas treatment and utilization structure (3) is communicated with the sealing top cover (2), the top of the casting and smelting furnace (1) is bolted with a bracket (8), and the internal thread of the bracket (8) is connected to a lifting screw (9), and the bottom of the lifting screw (9) is rotatably connected to the sealing top cover (2); The waste gas treatment and utilization structure (3) includes a waste gas treatment mechanism (4), the waste gas treatment mechanism (4) is bolted to the rear side of the casting and melting furnace (1), the top of the waste gas treatment mechanism (4) is connected to a waste gas pipe (5), and the other end of the waste gas pipe (5) is connected to the sealing top cover (2), the left side of the casting and melting furnace (1) is bolted to a waste gas utilization mechanism (6), and the rear side of the waste gas utilization mechanism (6) is connected to an air inlet pipe (7), the air inlet pipe (7) is connected to the casting and melting furnace (1), and the waste gas treatment mechanism (4) and the waste gas utilization mechanism (6) are connected through a pipeline.

2. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas treatment mechanism (4) includes a shell (41), which is bolted to the rear side of the casting and smelting furnace (1). The front side of the shell (41) is bolted with a sedimentation chamber (42), and the top of the sedimentation chamber (42) is connected to the exhaust pipe (5). The rear side of the shell (41) is bolted with a fixed frame (43), and a dust removal component (44) is provided inside the fixed frame (43). Two ash hoppers (45) are bolted to the bottom of the shell (41), and the ash hoppers (45) are respectively connected to the sedimentation chamber (42) and the fixed frame (43). An activated carbon adsorption component (46) is provided on the rear side of the fixed frame (43).

3. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust removal assembly (44) includes a rotating shaft (441), the rotating shaft (441) is rotatably connected to the interior of the fixed frame (43), the surface of the rotating shaft (441) is sleeved with a support plate (442), and the surface of the support plate (442) is bolted with a support ring (443), a filter portion (444) is provided between two adjacent support plates (442), and the filter portion (444) is connected to the inner wall of the support ring (443) on one side thereof, and the left side of the interior of the fixed frame (43) is rotatably connected to the support ring (443). There are two reciprocating screw rods (445), which are welded to each other and arranged in opposite directions. The surface of the reciprocating screw rod (445) is threadedly sleeved with a screw sleeve (446), and the right side of the screw sleeve (446) is bolted with a scraper (447). The scraper (447) is used in conjunction with the filter part (444). A knocking piece (448) is provided inside the scraper (447), and the knocking piece (448) is used in conjunction with the support ring (443).

4. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The left sides of the front and rear sides of the fixed frame (43) are both bolted with a retaining shell (10), and the retaining shell (10) is in contact with the filter portion (444) on one side thereof, and the rear side of the rear reciprocating screw rod (445) extends to the outside of the rear retaining shell (10), forming a cleaning cavity between the retaining shell (10) and the fixed frame (43), and the scraper (447) is located inside the cleaning cavity.

5. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The rear side of the rotating shaft (441) is bolted with a connecting shaft (11), the rear sides of the connecting shaft (11) and the rear reciprocating screw rod (445) are both bolted with a transmission wheel (12), and a belt (13) is wound between the insides of the two transmission wheels (12).

6. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The knocking member (448) includes a movable rod (448a), which is movably arranged inside the scraper (447); a contact protrusion (448b) is provided on the side of the movable rod (448a) close to the support ring (443); a pushing protrusion (448c) is provided on the front and rear sides of the support ring (443), and the pushing protrusion (448c) is used in conjunction with the contact protrusion (448b); a return spring (448d) is sleeved on the surface of the movable rod (448a), and the return spring (448d) is connected to the scraper (447) and the contact protrusion (448b) on one side thereof.

7. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The contact protrusion (448b) and the pushing protrusion (448c) are both arranged in a semicircular shape, and the pushing protrusion (448c) is distributed in a ring shape on the front and rear sides of the support ring (443), and the scraper (447) is arranged in a triangular shape on the side close to the filter portion (444).

8. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste gas utilization mechanism (6) includes a second shell (61), which is bolted to the left side of the casting and smelting furnace (1). A partition (62) is bolted inside the second shell (61), and the partition (62) separates the two sides of the interior of the second shell (61) into a waste gas channel and an air channel. The waste gas channel is connected to the outlet of the waste gas treatment mechanism (4), and the air channel is connected to the fresh air inlet of the outside. A plurality of heat pipes (63) are passed through the interior of the partition (62), and a plurality of fins (64) are sleeved on the surface of the heat pipe (63). One end of the heat pipe (63) is located in the smoke and waste gas channel, and the other end is located in the air channel. The part of the heat pipe (63) in the waste gas channel is an evaporation section, and the part in the air channel is a condensation section. The heat pipe (63) is filled with a phase change working medium. The front side and the rear side of the partition (62) are bolted to an air guide plate (65) and a waste gas guide plate (66) respectively.

9. The aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air deflector (65) is arranged inside the air channel in an inclined shape, and the exhaust gas deflector (66) is arranged inside the exhaust gas channel in parallel with each other. The rear end of the heat pipe (63) is located between two adjacent exhaust gas deflector plates (66) and between the exhaust gas deflector plate (66) and the second shell (61). A plurality of guide holes (14) are provided inside the air deflector (65) and the exhaust gas deflector (66).

10. A method for using the aluminum alloy casting waste heat utilization and exhaust gas purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the casting and smelting furnace (1) enters the settling chamber (42) of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism (4) through the exhaust pipe (5). The larger particles of dust in the exhaust gas settle in the settling chamber (42) and are discharged; S2. After settling, the exhaust gas enters the dust removal component (44), which filters out tiny dust particles in the exhaust gas. The dust removal component (44) is periodically cleaned, and the removed dust is temporarily collected in the dust collection hopper (45) to maintain the filtering accuracy of the dust removal component (44); S3. The purified high-temperature exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas channel of the exhaust gas utilization mechanism (6). At this time, the evaporation section of the heat pipe (63) absorbs the heat of the exhaust gas, causing the internal phase change medium to evaporate into steam, and the steam flows to the condensation section. The outside fresh air enters the air channel of the exhaust gas utilization mechanism (6), and flows in a wavy path under the guidance of the air guide plate (65), fully exchanging heat with the condensation section of the heat pipe (63), thereby achieving air preheating; S4. The preheated fresh air is transported to the casting and melting furnace (1), and the condensed phase change medium flows back to the evaporation section to continue heat transfer. Finally, the low-temperature exhaust gas after waste heat recovery is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

Images