Spatial reuse for signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) awareness

Abstract

A system for wireless communication may include data processing hardware and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, cause the data processing hardware to perform the following: receive, at a second access point (AP) from a first AP, an identification of a first receiving station (STA) and a first predicted signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA, where the first STA is operable to receive a transmission from the first AP, and calculate a first predicted SINR when the second AP begins transmission; calculating, at the second AP, a second predicted SINR at the second STA when the first AP begins transmission; at the second AP, a first transmit power backoff is calculated based on the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 383,251, filed on November 10, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Examples discussed in this disclosure relate to spatial reuse in wireless communications, and more particularly, to signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)-aware spatial reuse (SR). Background Art

[0004] Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described herein are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

[0005] Communications can be configured to occur in multiple frequency bands, including the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands. Communications can be configured to use other In some cases, different Interference may occur between communications.

[0006] The claimed subject matter is not limited to examples that solve any disadvantages or operate only in the above-described environments. Rather, this background information is provided merely to illustrate one example technology area in which some examples described in this disclosure may be practiced. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A system for wireless communication may include data processing hardware; and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, may cause the data processing hardware to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, at a second access point (AP), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) from a first AP and a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA. The first STA may be configured to receive a transmission from the first AP, and when the second AP begins transmitting, the first predicted SINR may be calculated. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a second predicted SINR at the second STA when the first AP begins transmitting. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a first transmit power backoff based on the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR. The operations may include determining, at the second AP, one or more transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff.

[0008] A method for spatial reuse may include identifying a training transmission time at a first access point (AP). The first AP may be configured to transmit a first training transmission during the training transmission time, and a second AP may be configured to transmit a second training transmission during the training transmission time. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) between the first AP and a first receiving station (STA) during the training transmission time. The method may include receiving, at the first AP, from the second AP, a second SINR between the second AP and the second receiving STA. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, a first transmit power backoff. The method may include receiving, at the first AP, a second transmit power backoff from the second AP. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, one or more first transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and the second transmit power backoff.

[0009] A system for wireless communication may include data processing hardware; and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, may cause the data processing hardware to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, at a second access point (AP), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) from a first AP and a predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the first STA, the first receiving station being operable to receive a transmission from the first AP. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA when the second AP begins transmitting. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a transmit power backoff based on the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR.

[0010] The objects and advantages of the embodiments will be realized and attained by at least the elements, features, and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.

[0011] Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are presented by way of example and explanation only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Example embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 An example of Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) Packet Detection (PD) spatial reuse is shown.

[0014] Figure 2 An example of a first OBSS including a first access point (AP) and a first station (STA) and a second OBSS including a second AP and a second STA is shown.

[0015] Figure 3Examples of interference between a first STA and a second AP and interference between a second STA and the first AP are shown.

[0016] Figure 4 Examples of degraded spatial reuse (SR) performance and beneficial SR performance are shown.

[0017] Figure 5 An example of calculating transmit power backoff is shown.

[0018] Figure 6 Examples of different interferences during SR data transmission and acknowledgement (ACK) transmission are shown.

[0019] Figure 7 An example of simultaneous ACK transmission is shown.

[0020] Figure 8 An example training protocol sequence is shown.

[0021] Figure 9 An example training protocol sequence is shown.

[0022] Figure 10 An example protocol sequence for a fully coordinated SR is shown.

[0023] Figure 11 An example process flow for an access point operable to transmit using spatial reuse is shown.

[0024] Figure 12 An example process flow is shown for an access point that is operable for transmission when another access point is utilizing spatial reuse.

[0025] Figure 13 An example process flow for an access point operable to transmit using spatial reuse is shown.

[0026] Figure 14 An example communication system configured for spatial reuse is shown.

[0027] Figure 15 A diagram is shown of a machine in the example form of a computing device within which a set of instructions may be executed, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein.

[0028] Figure 16 A first placement of APs and STAs and a second placement of APs and STAs are shown.

[0029] Figure 17 Example simulation data for a spatial reuse communication system is shown.

[0030] Figure 18 Performance results of a spatial reuse communication system are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In electronic communications, spatial reuse can be used to improve spectral efficiency by increasing the number of parallel (i.e., simultaneous) transmissions. Basic Service Set (BSS) 1 and Basic Service Set (BSS) 2 can be overlapping BSSs. When BSS 1 and BSS 2 overlap, the transmitter in BSS 2 can ignore the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold if: (i) ongoing transmissions in BSS 1 have a different BSS color, (ii) the detected received power is below a threshold amount, or (iii) the transmitter in BSS 2 reduces transmit power as specified by Overlapping Basic Service Set Packet Detection (OBSS-PD).

[0032] When the transmitter of BSS2 determines the transmit power (e.g., determines the transmit power backoff), the interference at the receiver in BSS1 may not be taken into account. In some examples, the transmit power backoff may be based on the path loss to the transmitter in BSS1, rather than the path loss to the receiver. Therefore, spatial reuse SR transmissions from the transmitter in BSS2 may interfere with ongoing transmissions in BSS1 because the SR transmissions are not designed to limit interference to ongoing transmissions in BSS1. Therefore, interference from the SR transmissions may impair ongoing transmissions in BSS1. In addition, ongoing transmissions from the transmitter in BSS1 may interfere with SR transmissions from the transmitter in BSS2, for example, when the transmitter in BSS2 does not select an appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on the interference from the ongoing transmissions in BSS2. Therefore, ongoing transmissions from the transmitter in BSS1 may impair SR transmissions in BSS2.

[0033] To enhance SR transmissions relative to ongoing transmissions, knowledge of the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio can be used to reduce interference between ongoing transmissions in BSS1 and SR transmissions in BSS2. For OBSS-PD, mutual interference caused by concurrent transmissions (e.g., interference between ongoing transmissions in BSS1 and SR transmissions in BSS2) is not calculated or known in BSS1 and / or BSS2. Therefore, when ongoing transmissions are interfered with due to unused SINR, the SR link (e.g., the link between a transmitter in BSS2 and a receiver in BSS2) may be degraded. Therefore, devices, systems, and methods for SINR-aware SR may be useful.

[0034] In one example, a wireless communication system may include data processing hardware and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, may cause the data processing hardware to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, at a second access point (AP), an identifier of a first receiving station (STA) from a first AP and a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA. The first STA may be configured to receive a transmission from the first AP and, when the second AP begins transmitting, calculate the first predicted SINR. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a second predicted SINR at the second STA when the first AP begins transmitting. The operations may include calculating, at the second AP, a first transmit power backoff based on the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR. The operations may include determining, at the second AP, one or more transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff.

[0035] In another example, a method for spatial reuse may include identifying a training transmission time at a first access point (AP). The first AP may be configured to transmit a first training transmission during the training transmission time, and a second AP may be configured to transmit a second training transmission during the training transmission time. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) between the first AP and a first receiving station (STA) during the training transmission time. The method may include receiving, at the first AP, a second SINR between the second AP and the second receiving STA from the second AP. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, a first transmit power backoff. The method may include receiving, at the first AP, a second transmit power backoff from the second AP. The method may include calculating, at the first AP, one or more first transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and the second transmit power backoff.

[0036] In another example, a wireless communication system may include data processing hardware and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, may cause the data processing hardware to perform operations. The operations may include one or more of: receiving, at a second access point (AP), from a first AP, an identification of a first receiving station (STA) operable to receive a transmission from the first AP and a predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the first STA; calculating, at the second AP, a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA when the second AP begins transmitting; and calculating, at the second AP, a transmit power backoff based on the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, the functionality 100 for spatial reuse may include a basic service set (BSS) 1 105, which may be used to allow a first transmitter (Tx1) to transmit a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), as shown in operation 112. When Tx2 detects a BSS1 PPDU (e.g., Tx1 transmits a PPDU in BSS105), a second transmitter Tx2 (e.g., a station (STA)) may bypass clear channel assessment (CCA) rules, and Tx2 may reduce its transmit power based on predefined rules (e.g., rules defined under overlapping basic service set (OBSS) packet detection (PD) spatial reuse). When spatial reuse (SR) is applied, Tx2 may initialize a spatial reuse transmission opportunity "SR TXOP."

[0038] Example functionality of OBSS_PD SR may include: (i) Tx2 performing a backoff as part of contention in BSS2 125, as shown in operation 132, (ii) Tx2 detecting a packet (e.g., detecting that Tx1 is transmitting a PPDU), which may stop contention, as shown in operation 133. As shown in operation 135, when the packet is set up to allow spatial reuse, Tx2 may resume contention, as shown in operation 136. Tx2 may transmit an SR PPDU, as shown in operation 138.

[0039] Although Tx2 can use rules to transmit an SR PPDU to reduce its transmit power, Tx2 is unaware of how its SR PPDU transmission affects the reception of an ongoing transmission (e.g., Tx1 transmitting a PPDU in BSS 105). Specifically, the power backoff used by the SR PPDU may not limit interference to the first transmission (e.g., interference between Tx2 transmitting the SR PPDU and Tx1 transmitting a PPDU in BSS 105 that is received by a receiver associated with Tx1). Tx2 may adjust its modulation and coding scheme (MCS) because Tx2 is transmitting at a lower transmit power. Tx2 may be unaware of how an ongoing transmission (e.g., Tx1 transmitting a PPDU in BSS 105) affects the reception of the SR PPDU, even when adjusting its MCS for changes in transmit power.

[0040] When Tx1 transmits a PPDU in BSS1 105, Tx1 does not know when Tx2 may transmit an SR PPDU. In some cases, Tx1 may proceed based on the assumption of no interference. When Tx2 incorrectly selects transmit power backoff, reception errors may occur in two different ways: (i) during the time when the PPDU transmitted in BSS1 105 overlaps with the SR PPDU, the SR PPDU may increase interference, which may cause reception errors for the PPDU transmission, or (ii) when Tx2 has adjusted its MCS based on the transmit power backoff, Tx1 may interfere with the SR PPDU, which may cause reception errors for the SR PPDU transmission. When the transmit power backoff is not directly related to the expected interference level at the first receiver, the PPDU and / or the SR PPDU may be lost.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown in the communication system 200 in FIG. 1 , basic service set (BSS1) 215 may include station 1 (STA1) 220a and access point 1 (AP1) 210a, and basic service set 2 (BSS2) 235 may include STA2 220b and access point 2 (AP2) 210b.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown in the communication system 300 in FIG, when there is no interference from AP2 310b, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at STA1 320a may be equal to SINR0. Similarly, when there is no interference from AP1 310a, the SINR at STA2 320b may be equal to SINR0. That is, when there is no interference from AP2 310b at STA1 320a and no interference from AP1 310a at STA2 320b, the SINR at STA1 320a may be the same as the SINR at STA2 320b.

[0043] When there is interference from AP2 310b at STA1 320a, the SINR may change from SINR0 to SINR1. Alternatively or additionally, when there is interference from AP1 310a to STA2 320b, the SINR may change from SINR0 to SINR2.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown in communication systems 300 and 350 in FIG, the SINR of a BSS may vary based on interference from different BSSs. In communication system 300, AP1 310a may generate SINR0 312a at STA1 320a, and AP2 310b may generate SINR0 312b at STA2 320b. In communication system 350, when AP1 360a interferes with STA2 370b and AP2 360b interferes with STA1 370a, as shown by interference 364a and interference 364b, respectively, the SINR at STA1 370a may be SINR1 362a, while the SINR at STA2 370b may be SINR2 362b.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The model shown can be used to determine when SR can provide a beneficial increase in performance. When SR is not used, capacity can be approximated as: Wlog2(1+SINR0). When SR is not used, AP1 360a may not transmit simultaneously with AP2 360b, and AP2 360b may not transmit simultaneously with AP1 360a. In other words, AP1 360a and AP2 360b may not transmit simultaneously.

[0046] When SR is used, AP1 360a and AP2 360b can transmit simultaneously. As a result, STA1 370a may experience a SINR of SINR1 362a, while STA2 370b may experience a SINR of SINR2 362b. In this case, the capacity may be: Wlog2(1+SINR1)+Wlog2(1+SINR2).

[0047] SR can promote a beneficial impact on performance when the capacity with SR exceeds the capacity without SR, which can be provided by log2(1+SINR1)+log2(1+SINR2)≥log2(1+SINR0). This inequality can be rearranged as: (1+SINR1)×(1+SINR2)≥1+SINR0, which can be approximated as (when SINRi>>1) SINR1(dB)+SINR2(dB)≥SINR0(dB). This criterion can be used to determine when SR has a beneficial impact on performance.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the graph of (SINR1, SINR2) versus 400 may be based on a SINR0 of approximately 30 dB. Figure 3 STA1 370a) or a second receiver (eg, as shown Figure 3STA2 370b) are shown from the second access point (eg, Figure 3 AP2 360b) or a first access point (e.g., as shown Figure 3 When interference is received by AP1 360a as shown, SINR1 or SINR2 can be any value less than or equal to 30 dB. The (SINR1, SINR2) pair corresponds to a point in the graph of (SINR1, SINR2) pairs 400. Region 410 may correspond to SINR values ​​at which the use of SR degrades performance compared to a non-SR case. Region 420 may correspond to values ​​at which the use of SR benefits performance compared to a non-SR case.

[0049] Because there may be situations where SR can be avoided to prevent performance degradation when compared to non-SR situations, a second access point operable for SR may avoid SR PPDU transmission to a second station when SR PPDU transmission to the second station may interfere with PPDU transmission from the first access point to the first station, or when SR transmission would be attenuated by interference caused by an ongoing transmission. To facilitate avoiding transmission in these situations, the mutual SINR impact may be determined, and the identity of the receiver may be determined.

[0050] When a first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a) and a second transmitter (e.g., AP2 360b) can identify concurrent transmissions, the expected capacity can be:

[0051] SR operations cannot be defined based on identifying concurrent transmissions. In some cases, the first transmitter (e.g., Figure 3 The AP1 360a shown may start transmitting without determining when SR occurs and may be configured based on a modulation suitable for SNR0. In some cases, the second transmitter (e.g., Figure 3 AP2 360b) may start transmission (eg, SR transmission) after verifying OBSS PD parameters and completing CW countdown. Compared to full power operation of the second transmitter, the second transmitter (eg, Figure 3 AP2 360b) shown can be used Reduce its transmit power to transmit power backoff. The channel capacity can be approximated as:

[0052] The calculation of transmit power backoff may rely on a number of assumptions, including: (i) the power reduction of α results in the first receiver (e.g., Figure 3 The interference at STA1 370a) shown is reduced proportionally, so that SINR1 decreases with α dBand increasing; (ii) a decrease in the power of α results in a proportional decrease in SINR2; and (iii) the first transmission (e.g., PPDU transmission) and the second transmission (e.g., SR PPDU transmission) overlap.

[0053] These assumptions may not be conducive to achieving optimal performance. When there may be no interference, the modulation used by the first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a as shown) at the start of the first transmission may not be optimal when the second transmitter (e.g., AP2 360b as shown) starts transmitting. Specifically, when α SINR1 < SNR0, the packet error rate (PER) of the transmission frame from the first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a as shown in Figure 3 to the first receiver (e.g., STA1 370a as shown in Figure 3 ) may be higher than expected compared to the baseline case where the second transmitter does not transmit. The transmit power back-off α can be determined at a level where the first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a as shown in Figure 3 ) and the second transmitter (e.g., AP2 360b as shown in Figure 3 ) may interfere with each other. Using the interference level between the first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a as shown in Figure 3 ) and the second transmitter (e.g., AP2 360b as shown in Figure 3 ) to back off the transmit power α is based on a SINR that may not be conducive to calculating an MCS suitable for the first transmitter (e.g., AP1 360a as shown in Figure 3 ). To optimize the use of SR, the SINR at the receiver (e.g., STA1 370a and STA2 370b as shown in Figure 3 ) can be determined, and the identity of the receiver can be determined. Figure 3 ). To optimize the use of SR, the SINR at the receiver (e.g., STA1 370a and STA2 370b as shown in Figure 3 ) can be determined, and the identity of the receiver can be determined.

[0054] As Figure 5 shown, the processing flow 500 for spatial reuse may include data processing hardware and memory hardware that communicates with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware can store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, can cause the data processing hardware to perform operations. These operations may include one or more of the following: (i) receiving (e.g., at AP2 from AP1) the identity of STA1 and the predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at STA1, as shown in operation 505; (ii) calculating (e.g., at AP2) the first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at STA1 when AP2 starts transmitting, as shown in operation 510, or (iii) calculating (e.g., at AP2) the transmit power back-off based on the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR, as shown in operation 515.

[0055] For the spatial reuse 500 process flow, AP2 may be configured to avoid interference when accessing the medium. AP1 may not adjust its transmission in response to AP2. AP2 may select an MCS that may be suitable for SR PPDU transmission to STA2.

[0056] To allow measurement of SNR and / or SINR, a training phase may be used, wherein when AP1 and AP2 transmit simultaneously, AP1 and / or AP2 may determine and / or receive SNR and / or SINR at respective receivers (e.g., STA1 and / or STA2). AP1 may access the medium and transmit the PPDU without SR restrictions. In this example, AP1 may transmit using an MCS suitable for SNR0. The transmission may include information about the intended receiver (e.g., STA1). This information (e.g., SNR and / or SINR at STA1 and / or identification of STA1) may be received by other devices (e.g., AP2).

[0057] The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may use information about the intended receiver (e.g., STA1) and received and / or calculated information about the impact of the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) on the intended receiver (e.g., STA1) to perform spatial reuse transmission. When the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) begins transmitting the SR PPDU, the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may determine that the SINR at the first receiver (e.g., STA1) may be SINR1. The second transmitter may calculate a transmit power backoff based on a ratio between the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR (e.g., using: ), which can maintain the SINR of the first link (e.g., the transmission link between the first transmitter (e.g., AP1) and the first receiver (e.g., STA1)) at SNR0. This calculation of the transmit power backoff α can be different from the transmit power backoff calculated when one or more of the SINR and / or SNR is not determined at the first receiver (e.g., STA1) or is not determined when the second transmitter (AP2) is transmitting.

[0058] The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may include the following operations: when the first transmitter (e.g., AP1) is transmitting, matching transmission parameters (e.g., MCS, transmit power, bandwidth, etc.) with a second predicted SINR at the second receiver (e.g., STA2), as shown in operation 520. The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may determine one or more transmission parameters based on the identification of the second receiver and by determining the SINR (e.g., SINR2) when the first transmitter (e.g., AP1) is transmitting. The one or more transmission parameters may include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a transmit (Tx) power, a bandwidth, etc.

[0059] The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may include an operation for initializing a spatial reuse transmission opportunity (SR TXOP), as shown in operation 525. The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may include an operation for generating a spatial reuse transmission, as shown in operation 530, for transmission to a second receiver (e.g., STA2).

[0060] Alternatively or additionally, the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may be configured to calculate a path loss between the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) and the first receiver (e.g., STA1) to determine transmit power backoff. The second transmitter (e.g., AP2) may be configured to calculate transmit power backoff based on the path loss. In this case, the transmit power backoff may be calculated without calculating one or more of the SNR and / or SINR at the first receiver (e.g., STA1).

[0061] A second transmitter (e.g., AP2) can measure a path loss between the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) and the first receiver (e.g., STA1) by using a control frame sent by the first receiver (e.g., STA1) to the first transmitter (e.g., AP1). The control frame can be received by the second transmitter to allow measurement of a path loss (e.g., AP2-STA1 path loss) from the first receiver (e.g., STA1). The path loss can be used to approximate a path loss (e.g., STA1-AP2 path loss) from the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) to the first receiver (e.g., STA). Measuring the path loss may not provide the second transmitter (e.g., AP2) with a measurement value of interference (e.g., SINR) at the second receiver (e.g., STA2).

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, spatial reuse systems 600 and 650 may include data processing hardware and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware. The memory hardware may store instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, may cause the data processing hardware to perform operations.

[0063] As shown in spatial reuse system 600, the operations may include receiving, at a second access point (AP) (e.g., AP2 610b), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) (e.g., STA1 620a) and a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) 612a at the first STA (e.g., STA1 620a) from a first access point (e.g., AP1 610a), wherein the first STA (e.g., STA1 620a) may be operable to receive a transmission from the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) and the first predicted SINR may be calculated when the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) begins transmitting. The second AP (e.g., AP1 610b) may send a transmission 612b to the second STA (e.g., STA2 620b), which may cause interference 614b to the first STA (e.g., STA1 620a).

[0064] One or more of the first access point (e.g., AP 610a) or the second access point (e.g., AP 610b) may perform various calculations related to SINR and / or transmit power backoff. These operations may include calculating, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), a second predicted SINR at a second STA (e.g., STA2 620b) when the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) begins transmitting. These operations may include calculating, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), a first transmit power backoff based on one or more of the first predicted SINR and / or the second predicted SINR. These operations may include receiving, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), a second transmit power backoff from the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a). These operations may include determining, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), one or more transmission parameters (e.g., MCS, transmit power, bandwidth, etc.) based on the first transmit power backoff and / or the second transmit power backoff.

[0065] One or more of a first access point (e.g., AP 610a) or a second access point (e.g., AP 610b) may receive an identification of one or more STAs (e.g., STA1 620a or STA2 620b). One or more of the first access point (e.g., AP 610a) or the second access point (e.g., AP 610b) may receive an SINR at one or more STAs (e.g., STA1 620a or STA2 620b). These operations may include identifying, at a second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), an identification of a second STA (e.g., STA2 620b) and a second predicted SINR at the second STA (e.g., STA2 620b). The second STA (e.g., STA2 620b) may be configured to receive a transmission from the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b). These operations may include sending, from the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), the identification of the second STA (e.g., STA2 620b) and the second predicted SINR at the second STA (e.g., STA2 620b).

[0066] Various transmission parameters may be determined at one or more of the first AP or the second AP. These operations may include determining, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b), one or more transmission parameters based on a weighted average of the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR. The transmission parameters may include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), transmit (Tx) power, bandwidth, and the like.

[0067] The second access point (e.g., AP2 610b) may be configured to transmit an SR PPDU. These operations may include initializing a spatial reuse transmission opportunity (SR TXOP) at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) and / or generating a spatial reuse (SR) transmission at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) for transmission to a second STA (e.g., STA2 620b).

[0068] When the second access point (e.g., AP2 610b) is transmitting an SR PPDU transmission, the first access point (e.g., AP1 610a) may be used for PPDU transmission. These operations may include identifying a training transmission time at the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a). The first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) may be used to transmit a first training transmission during the training transmission time, and the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) may be used to transmit a second training transmission during the training transmission time.

[0069] A first access point (e.g., AP1 610a) may use the SINR to calculate one or more transmit power backoffs or one or more first transmission parameters. These operations may include calculating, at the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a), a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) between the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) and a first receiving station (STA) (e.g., STA1 620a) during a training transmission time. These operations may include receiving, at the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a), a second SINR between the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) and the second receiving STA (e.g., STA2 620b) from the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b). These operations may include calculating, at the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a), a first transmit power backoff. These operations may include receiving, at the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a), a second transmit power backoff from the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b). These operations may include calculating, at a first AP (eg, AP1 610a), one or more first transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and / or the second transmit power backoff.

[0070] The first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) can calculate one or more transmission parameters and / or transmit power backoff in various ways. The first AP (e.g., AP 610a) can determine the one or more first transmission parameters based on a weighted average of a first SINR and a second SINR. The transmission parameters can include one or more of an MCS, transmit (Tx) power, bandwidth, etc. The first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) can receive one or more second transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and / or the second transmit power backoff from a second AP. The one or more second transmission parameters can be calculated at the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b).

[0071] When the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) has determined one or more transmission parameters and / or transmit power backoff, the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) may send a PPDU to the first STA (e.g., STA1 620a). The first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) may be configured to initiate a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and generate a transmission to the first STA (e.g., STA1 620a).

[0072] A first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or a second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may recognize that another AP may be planning to transmit at the start of a TXOP. The first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may be configured to determine the impact on the SINR of corresponding links (e.g., the link between the first AP and the first STA and the link between the second AP and the second STA).

[0073] The first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may receive information about the identification of the corresponding link and / or the SINR impact on the corresponding link by transmitting and measuring during the training time. One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may send a joint training transmission time to the other AP (e.g., the first AP may send the joint transmission time to the second AP, or the second AP may send the joint transmission time to the first AP). One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may send the joint training transmission time to calculate the first or second predicted SINR (e.g., the first AP may send the joint transmission time to the second AP, or the second AP may send the joint transmission time to the first AP). One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may receive one or more of the first predicted SINR or the second predicted SINR (e.g., may be received from one or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b)). That is, when the SR transmitter (e.g., AP2 620b) begins its frame, the access point (e.g., AP1 610a and / or AP2 620b) may receive information about the intended receiver of the active transmission and the SINR at the intended receiver.

[0074] The training operation may include communication between a first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and a second AP (e.g., 610b) to determine a joint transmission time at which the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) and the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) may concurrently transmit. The joint transmission time may be communicated to respective associated STAs (e.g., AP1 610a may communicate the joint transmission time to STA1 620a, and AP2 610b may communicate the joint transmission time to STA2 620b). The first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and the second AP (e.g., 610b) may begin training transmissions.

[0075] During the training transmission, one or more of the first STA and / or the second STA (e.g., STA1 620a and / or STA2 620b) may perform SINR measurements. One or more of the first STA and / or the second STA (e.g., STA1 620a and / or STA2 620b) may transmit the SINR measurements back to the corresponding AP (e.g., AP1 610a for STA1 620a and / or AP2 610b for STA2 620b). One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may exchange one or more SINR measurements to provide one or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) with information about how overlapping transmissions affect the SINR of one or more first STAs and / or second STAs (e.g., STA1 620a and / or STA2 620b) in one or more OBSSs.

[0076] One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may determine one or more transmission parameters. One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may use To select an MCS that may be suitable for the expected SINR.

[0077] In some cases, one or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may apply power backoff. When the first AP (e.g., AP1 610a) selects a backoff of β and the second AP (e.g., AP2 610b) selects a backoff of α, the capacity may be approximately: In some cases, one or more of the first AP (eg, AP 610a) and / or the second AP (eg, AP 610b) may collaboratively select α and β to optimize the joint capacity of the system.

[0078] Other factors may be included, such as: (i) total noise as a combination of interference and thermal noise, and / or (ii) SINR limited by receive EVM. One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 610a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 610b) may determine the first transmit power backoff based on one or more of background noise or maximum receive error vector magnitude (EVM). The background noise N0 may be calculated using the following formula:

[0079] The receive EVMs (RxEVM1 and RxEVM2 respectively) can be included as follows:

[0080] like Figure 6 As shown, as shown in the spatial reuse system 650, interference may be different during data transmission and ACK transmission. A first access point (e.g., AP1 660a) may transmit a PPDU transmission 662a, which may be received at a first station (e.g., STA1 670a) with an SINR. A second station (e.g., STA2 670b) may transmit an ACK transmission 662b, which may be received at the second access point (e.g., AP2 660b) and may generate interference 672, which may be received at the first station (e.g., STA1 670a).

[0081] The interference 672 caused by the ACK transmission 662b may be different when compared to the interference caused by the data transmission between the second access point (e.g., AP2 660b) and the second station (e.g., STA2 670b). That is, when a first access point (e.g., AP1 660a) and a second access point (e.g., AP2 660b) transmit simultaneously, the interference experienced by the signal transmitted by, for example, the first access point (e.g., AP1 660a) may be determined by the second transmission from AP2. This value (e.g., SINR1) may be determined using the training operations described herein.

[0082] When the transmission from the second access point (e.g., AP2 660b) ends before the transmission from the first access point (e.g., AP1 660a), and the second station (e.g., STA2 670b) sends an ACK transmission 662b to the second access point (e.g., AP2 660b), the interference level at the first station (e.g., STA1 670a) may change because it may be affected by the transmission from the second station (e.g., STA2 670b). This interference level may be unknown and unrelated to the level determined during the training operation.

[0083] Variations in interference levels can be prevented by terminating both transmissions (e.g., a transmission from a first AP and an SR transmission from a second AP) simultaneously, such that ACK transmissions (e.g., from a first STA and a second STA) are initiated simultaneously. In one example, the SR transmission can be terminated at the second AP to match the end of transmission of the transmission from the first AP. In one example, the second ACK transmission can be initiated simultaneously with the first ACK transmission to match the first ACK transmission with the second ACK transmission. When ACK transmissions are transmitted simultaneously, interference during the concurrent ACK transmissions can be maintained in the system for spatial reuse without causing degradation of the data transmission from AP1 660a or the SR transmission from AP2 660b.

[0084] like Figure 7 As shown in spatial reuse system 700 in FIG, a first STA (e.g., STA1 720a) may send an ACK transmission 722a to a first access point (e.g., AP1 710a), and a second STA (e.g., STA2 720b) ​​may send an ACK transmission 722b to a second access point (e.g., AP2 710b). Interference 724b may be generated by the ACK transmission 722a from the first station (e.g., STA1 720a) and may radiate to the second access point (e.g., AP2 710b). Interference 724a may be generated by the ACK transmission 722b from the second station (e.g., STA2 720b) ​​and may radiate to the first access point (e.g., AP1 710a). When the ACK transmissions 722a and 722b are sent using robust modulation, the mutual interference 724a and 724b during the ACK transmissions 722a and 722b does not cause the interference level to exceed an unsuitable threshold.

[0085] In some examples, when one or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 710a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 710b) perform contention and / or retransmissions, various adverse effects on performance may occur. For example, when a second STA (e.g., STA2 720b) ​​performs an SR and the transmission fails (e.g., no ACK is received), the second STA (e.g., STA2 720b) ​​may increase its contention window (CW). The increased CW increases the probability that a backoff counter (BO) may expire while other transmissions may be ongoing on the medium (e.g., a PPDU transmission from the first access point (e.g., AP1 710a) to the first STA (e.g., STA1 720a)). As a result, the second STA (e.g., STA2 720b) ​​may repeat the SR and fail again, which may create a cycle in which the CW of the second STA (e.g., STA720b) ​​may increase due to continued SR failures, and the increased BO may further increase the probability that the next transmission will be an SR TXOP.

[0086] To improve performance, one or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 710a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 710b) may identify a spatial reuse transmission failure and / or terminate spatial reuse. One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 710a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 710b) may perform subsequent channel access without using spatial reuse. One or more of the first AP (e.g., AP 710a) and / or the second AP (e.g., AP 710b) may adjust the spatial reuse rate to avoid interference with the first AP (e.g., AP 710a).

[0087] Various protocols can be used to send PPDU and SR PPDU transmissions. Figure 8 As shown in protocol 800 in FIG, during a first time window, a first AP (e.g., AP1 805) may be operable to send a transmission to a first station (e.g., STA1 835), as shown in operation 810. During the first time window, the first station (e.g., STA1 835) and the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) may not transmit (e.g., as shown in blocks 840 and 870).

[0088] During the second time window, the first station (e.g., STA1 835) may be operable to send a transmission to the first access point (e.g., AP1 805), as shown in operation 850. During the second time window, the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) may be operable to measure a path loss between the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) and the first station (e.g., STA1 835), as shown in operation 880. During the second time window, the first access point (e.g., AP1 805) may not transmit, as shown in block 820.

[0089] The second access point may measure the path loss between the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) and the first station (e.g., STA1 835) by performing one or more of the following operations: (i) receiving, at the second access point (AP) (e.g., AP2 865), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) (e.g., STA1 835) from a first AP (e.g., AP1 805), the first receiving station being operable to receive transmissions from the first AP (e.g., AP1 805); (ii) calculating, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 865), the path loss between the second AP (e.g., AP2 865) and the first STA (e.g., STA1 835); and (iii) calculating, at the second AP (e.g., AP2 865), a transmit power backoff based on the path loss.

[0090] During the third time window, the first access point (e.g., AP1 805) may be used to send a PPDU transmission to the first station (e.g., STA835), as shown in operation 830. During the third time window, the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) may be used to send an SR PPDU transmission to the second STA (e.g., STA2 (not shown)), as shown in operation 890. The second access point (e.g., AP2 865) may use the path loss (e.g., AP2-STA1 path loss) between the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) and the first station to control the interference level at the first station (e.g., STA1 835). During the third time window, the first station (e.g., STA1 835) may not transmit, as shown in operation 860.

[0091] In some cases, the second access point (e.g., AP2 865) may not be able to measure or identify the interference level at the second station (e.g., STA2 (not shown)), where the interference level is affected by transmissions between the first access point (e.g., AP1 805) and the first station (e.g., STA1 835).

[0092] In some examples, such as Figure 9 As shown, the protocol sequence 900 is operable to allow measurement of interference levels of a first station (e.g., STA1 920a) and a second station (e.g., STA2 920b) based on interference generated by one or more of a first access point (e.g., AP1 910a) or a second access point (e.g., AP2 910b). To measure the interference levels of the first station (e.g., STA1 920a) and the second station (e.g., STA2 920b), a training protocol may be used. The training protocol may include one or more operations.

[0093] Operations may include, during a first time window, a first access point (eg, AP1 910a) may initiate a training sequence, as indicated by operation 912a (during which time a second access point (eg, 910b) may not transmit, as indicated by block 912b).

[0094] Operations may include, during the second time window, the first access point (e.g., AP 910a) and the second access point (e.g., 910b) may send concurrent training start indications to respective stations (e.g., STA1 920a and STA2 920b), as shown by operations 914a and 914b (during which blocks 922a and 922b illustrate the absence of transmissions by STA1 920a and STA2 920b).

[0095] The operations may include, during a third time window, a first access point (e.g., AP 910a) and a second access point (e.g., 910b) may transmit concurrent training signals, as shown in operation 916a, and corresponding STAs (e.g., STA1 920a and STA2 920b) may perform measurements. During the third time window, the corresponding STAs (e.g., STA1 920a and STA2 920b) may not transmit, as shown in operations 924a and 924b.

[0096] The operations may include, during a fourth time window, the first access point (e.g., AP1 910a) requesting measurement results from the first station (e.g., STA1 920a), as shown in operation 918a. During the fourth time window, the first station (e.g., STA1 920a) may not transmit, as shown in operation 926a. During a fifth time window, the first station (e.g., STA1 920a) may reply with the measurement results, as shown in operation 928a.

[0097] The operations may include, during a sixth time window, a second access point (e.g., AP2 910b) requesting measurement results from a second station (e.g., STA2 920b), as shown in operation 918b. During the sixth time window, the second station (e.g., STA2 920b) may not transmit, as shown in operation 926b. During a seventh time window, the second station (e.g., STA2 920b) may reply with the measurement results, as shown in operation 928b.

[0098] like Figure 10 As shown, spatial reuse functionality 1000 may include a first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a) and a second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b). During a first time window, the first access point may initiate SR by sending an indication to the second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b), as shown in operation 1002, indicating that a frame will be sent to the first station (e.g., STAx). The first access point may include additional information, such as TX-OP duration, access category (AC), etc.

[0099] During the second time window, the second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b) may be operable to perform an SR response by sending an indication to the first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a) to send a frame to the second station (e.g., STAy) during the SR period initiated by the first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a), as shown in operation 1006.

[0100] During the third time window, the first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a) and the second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b) may concurrently transmit by selecting an MCS for their respective transmissions, where the MCS may take into account mutual interference (e.g., interference from the first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a) to the second station (e.g., STAy) and interference from the second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b) to the first station (e.g., STAx)). As shown in operation 1004, the first access point (e.g., AP1 1010a) may transmit data to the first station (e.g., STAx). As shown in operation 1008, the second access point (e.g., AP2 1010b) may transmit data to the second station (e.g., STAy).

[0101] Figure 11 A process flow of an example method 1100 of spatial reuse according to at least one example described in this disclosure is shown. The method 1100 may be arranged according to at least one example described in this disclosure.

[0102] The method 1100 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as software running on a computer system or dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Figure 15 a processing device (eg, processor 1502), Figure 14 In the communication system 1400 or another device, combination of devices or system.

[0103] Method 1100 may begin at box 1105, where processing logic may include receiving, at a second access point (AP), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) from a first AP and a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA, where the first STA is operable to receive a transmission from the first AP, and calculating the first predicted SINR when the second AP begins transmitting.

[0104] At block 1110 , processing logic may include calculating, at a second AP, a second predicted SINR at a second STA when the first AP begins transmitting.

[0105] At block 1115 , processing logic may include calculating, at the second AP, a first transmit power backoff based on the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR.

[0106] At block 1120 , processing logic may include determining, at the second AP, one or more transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff.

[0107] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 1100. For example, in some examples, the method 1100 may include any number of other components that may not be explicitly shown or described.

[0108] Figure 12 A process flow of an example method 1200 that may be used for spatial reuse according to at least one example described in this disclosure is shown. The method 1200 may be arranged according to at least one example described in this disclosure.

[0109] The method 1200 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as software run on a computer system or dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Figure 15 a processing device (eg, processor 1502), Figure 14 In the communication system 1400 or another device, combination of devices or system.

[0110] Method 1200 may begin at block 1205, where processing logic may include identifying a training transmission time at a first access point (AP), wherein the first AP is operable to transmit a first training transmission during the training transmission time and the second AP is operable to transmit a second training transmission during the training transmission time.

[0111] At block 1210, processing logic may include calculating, at a first AP, a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) between the first AP and a first receiving station (STA) during a training transmission time.

[0112] At block 1215 , processing logic may include receiving, at the first AP from the second AP, a second SINR between the second AP and a second receiving STA.

[0113] At block 1220 , processing logic may include calculating a first transmit power backoff at the first AP.

[0114] At block 1225 , processing logic may include receiving, at the first AP, a second transmit power backoff from the second AP.

[0115] At block 1230 , processing logic may include calculating, at the first AP, one or more first transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and the second transmit power backoff.

[0116] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 1200. For example, in some examples, the method 1200 may include any number of other components that may not be explicitly shown or described.

[0117] Figure 13A process flow of an example method 1300 that may be used for spatial reuse according to at least one example described in this disclosure is shown. The method 1300 may be arranged according to at least one example described in this disclosure.

[0118] The method 1300 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as software run on a computer system or dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Figure 15 a processing device (eg, processor 1502), Figure 14 In the communication system 1400 or another device, combination of devices or system.

[0119] Method 1300 may begin at block 1305, where processing logic may include receiving, at a second access point (AP), from a first AP, an identification of a first receiving station (STA) operable to receive transmissions from the first AP and a predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the first STA.

[0120] At block 1310, the processing logic may include calculating, at the second AP, a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA when the second AP begins transmitting.

[0121] At block 1315 , processing logic may include calculating, at the second AP, a transmit power backoff based on the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR.

[0122] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 1300. For example, in some examples, the method 1300 may include any number of other components that may not be explicitly shown or described.

[0123] For simplicity of description, the methods and / or process flows described herein are depicted and described as a series of actions. However, actions according to the present disclosure may occur in various orders and / or simultaneously, and may occur together with other actions not presented and described herein. In addition, not all actions shown may be used to implement methods according to the disclosed subject matter. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that these methods may alternatively be represented as a series of related states by state diagrams or events. In addition, the methods disclosed in this specification can be stored on articles such as non-transitory computer-readable media to facilitate the transmission and transfer of these methods to computing devices. The term "article" used herein is intended to include computer programs accessible from any computer-readable device or storage medium. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated depending on the desired implementation.

[0124] Figure 14A block diagram of an example communication system 1400 configured to reduce AP interference according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The communication system 1400 may include a digital transmitter 1402, radio frequency circuitry 1404, a device 1414, a digital receiver 1406, and a processing device 1408. The digital transmitter 1402 and the processing device may be configured to receive a baseband signal via a connection 1410. A transceiver 1416 may include the digital transmitter 1402 and radio frequency circuitry 1404.

[0125] In some examples, the communication system 1400 may include a system of devices that can be configured to communicate with each other via wired or wired connections. For example, the wired connections in the communication system 1400 may include one or more Ethernet cables, one or more fiber optic cables, and / or other similar wired communication media. Alternatively or additionally, the communication system 1400 may include a system of devices that can be configured to communicate via one or more wireless connections. For example, the communication system 1400 may include one or more devices configured to transmit and / or receive radio waves, microwaves, ultrasound waves, light waves, electromagnetic induction, and / or similar wireless communications. Alternatively or additionally, the communication system 1400 may include a combination of wireless and / or wired connections. In these and other examples, the communication system 1400 may include one or more devices that can be configured to obtain a baseband signal, perform one or more operations on the baseband signal to generate a modified baseband signal, and transmit the modified baseband signal to, for example, one or more loads.

[0126] In some examples, communication system 1400 may include one or more communication channels that may communicatively couple systems and / or devices included in communication system 1400. For example, transceiver 1416 may be communicatively coupled to device 1414.

[0127] In some examples, transceiver 1416 may be configured to obtain a baseband signal. For example, as described herein, transceiver 1416 may be configured to generate a baseband signal and / or receive a baseband signal from another device. In some examples, transceiver 1416 may be configured to transmit a baseband signal. For example, after obtaining the baseband signal, transceiver 1416 may be configured to transmit the baseband signal to a separate device, such as device 1414. Alternatively or additionally, transceiver 1416 may be configured to modify, adjust, and / or transform the baseband signal before transmitting it. For example, transceiver 1416 may include an orthogonal upconverter and / or a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which may be configured to modify the baseband signal. Alternatively or additionally, transceiver 1416 may include a direct radio frequency (RF) sampling converter, which may be configured to modify the baseband signal.

[0128] In some examples, digital transmitter 1402 can be configured to obtain a baseband signal via connection 1410. In some examples, digital transmitter 1402 can be configured to upconvert the baseband signal. For example, digital transmitter 1402 can include a quadrature upconverter applied to the baseband signal. In some examples, digital transmitter 1402 can include an integrated digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The DAC can convert the baseband signal into an analog signal or a continuous-time signal. In some examples, the DAC architecture can include a direct RF sampling DAC. In some examples, the DAC can be a separate component from digital transmitter 1402.

[0129] In some examples, transceiver 1416 may include one or more subcomponents that may be used to prepare baseband signals and / or transmit baseband signals. For example, transceiver 1416 may include an RF front end (e.g., in a wireless environment), which may include a power amplifier (PA), a digital transmitter (e.g., 1402), a digital front end, an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588v2 device, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer (L-PHY), (S-plane) device, a management plane (M-plane) device, an Ethernet media access control (MAC) / personal communication service (PCS), a resource controller / scheduler, etc. In some examples, the radio of transceiver 1416 (e.g., RF circuit 1404) may be synchronized with the resource controller via the S-plane device, which facilitates high-precision timing relative to a reference clock.

[0130] In some examples, transceiver 1416 can be configured to obtain a baseband signal for transmission. For example, transceiver 1416 can receive the baseband signal from a separate device (e.g., a signal generator). For example, the baseband signal can come from a transducer configured to convert a variable into an electrical signal, such as the audio signal output of a microphone that picks up a speaker's voice. Alternatively or additionally, transceiver 1416 can be configured to generate the baseband signal for transmission. In these and other examples, transceiver 1416 can be configured to transmit the baseband signal to another device (such as device 1414).

[0131] In some examples, device 1414 may be configured to receive transmissions from transceiver 1416. For example, transceiver 1416 may be configured to transmit baseband signals to device 1414.

[0132] In some examples, RF circuitry 1404 can be configured to transmit digital signals received from digital transmitter 1402. In some examples, RF circuitry 1404 can be configured to transmit digital signals to device 1414 and / or digital receiver 1406. In some examples, digital receiver 1406 can be configured to receive digital signals from RF circuitry and / or send digital signals to processing device 1408.

[0133] In some examples, processing device 1408 may be a standalone device or system, as shown. Alternatively or additionally, processing device 1408 may be a component of another device and / or system. For example, in some examples, processing device 1408 may be included in transceiver 1416. Where processing device 1408 is a standalone device or system, processing device 1408 may be configured to communicate with additional devices and / or systems remote from processing device 1408, such as transceiver 1416 and / or device 1414. For example, processing device 1408 may be configured to send and / or receive transmissions from transceiver 1416 and / or device 1414. In some examples, processing device 1408 may be integrated with other elements of communication system 1400.

[0134] Figure 15 A diagram of a machine in the example form of a computing device 1500 is shown, in which a set of instructions can be executed to cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methods described herein. The computing system can be configured to implement or direct one or more operations associated with AP interference reduction. The computing device 1500 may include a rack server, a router computer, a server computer, a mainframe computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any computing device with at least one processor, in which a set of instructions can be executed to cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein. In alternative examples, the machine can be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a local area network (LAN), an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The machine can operate in the capacity of a server machine in a client-server network environment. Furthermore, while a single machine is shown, the term "machine" also includes any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

[0135] The example computing device 1500 includes a processing device (e.g., a processor 1502), a main memory 1504 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a static memory 1506 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM)), and a data storage device 1516, which communicate via a bus 1508.

[0136] The processing device (e.g., processor 1502) represents one or more general-purpose processing devices, such as a microprocessor, a central processing unit, etc. More specifically, the processing device (e.g., processor 1502) may include a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or a processor that implements other instruction sets or a processor that implements a combination of instruction sets. The processing device (e.g., processor 1502) may also include one or more special-purpose processing devices, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), a network processor, etc. The processing device (e.g., processor 1502) may be configured to execute instructions 1526 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.

[0137] The computing device 1500 may further include a network interface device 1522 that can communicate with the network 1518. The computing device 1500 may also include a display device 1510 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device 1512 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 1514 (e.g., a mouse), and a signal generating device 1520 (e.g., a speaker). In at least one example, the display device 1510, the alphanumeric input device 1512, and the cursor control device 1514 can be combined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

[0138] The data storage device 1516 may include a computer-readable storage medium 1524 having stored thereon one or more sets of instructions 1526 embodying any one or more of the methods or functionality described herein. The instructions 1526 may also reside completely or at least partially within the main memory 1504 and / or within the processing device (e.g., processor 1502) during execution by the computing device 1500, the main memory 1504, and the processing device (e.g., processor 1502), which also constitute computer-readable media. The instructions may also be transmitted or received over the network 1518 via the network interface device 1522.

[0139] Although computer-readable storage medium 1524 is shown as a single medium in the example, the term "computer-readable storage medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of instructions. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may also include any medium that can store, encode, or carry a set of instructions to be executed by a machine and cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methods disclosed herein. Therefore, the term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, solid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.

[0140] Example

[0141] The following provides examples of performance characteristics according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0142] Example 1: High-interference and low-interference STA locations

[0143] like Figure 16 , a high-interference STA location scenario 1600 and a low-interference STA location scenario 1650 are shown. For the high-interference STA location scenario 1600, AP1 1610a may be located 15 meters from STA1 1620a, which may be 10 meters from STA2 1620b, which may be 15 meters from AP2 1610b. For the low-interference STA location scenario 1650, STA1 1670a may be located 15 meters from AP1 1660a, which may be located 40 meters from AP2 1660b, and AP2 1660b may be located 15 meters from STA2 1670b.

[0144] In the high-interference STA location scenario 1600 and the low-interference STA location scenario 1650, the transmit power may be selected to avoid interference with ongoing transmissions, and / or the MCS may be selected to optimize performance of a determined SINR.

[0145] Example 2: Simulation details of high-interference and low-interference STA locations

[0146] like Figure 17 As shown, simulation 1700 can use discrete event simulation, which can use transmit power back-off, where the MCS can be selected based on the SINR. In this simulation, the behavior, duration, and interference of real packets are simulated. AP1 1710a can transmit in time windows 1702a, 1702b, 1702c, and 1702d. During transmission time windows 1704a and 1704b, AP1 1710b can receive from STA1 1720a. STA1 1720a can transmit to AP1 1710a during transmission time windows 1724a and 1724b. STA1 1720a can receive from AP1 1710a during transmission time windows 1722a, 1722b, 1722c, and 1722d. AP2 1710b can transmit during transmission time windows 1712a, 1712b, and 1712c. STA2 1720b may receive from AP2 1710b during transmission time windows 1726a, 1726b, 1726c. The transmission result (eg, success or failure) is generated by evaluating the SINR of each packet and determining how the MCS performs based on the particular SINR.

[0147] Example 3: Performance results for high-interference and low-interference STA locations

[0148] like Figure 18 As shown, the high-interference STA location performance results 1800 and the low-interference STA location performance results 1850 demonstrate that spatial reuse for the low-interference STA location scenario enhances performance compared to the high-interference STA location scenario.

[0149] For the high-interference STA location performance result 1800, when spatial reuse is not used, the performance is 370.37 Mbps. For the high-interference STA location performance result 1800, when spatial reuse is used, the performance is 4.07 Mbps. For the high-interference STA location performance result 1800, when SINR-aware spatial reuse is used, the performance is 375.54 Mbps. Therefore, for the poor location scenario, when spatial reuse is applied without SINR, performance degrades compared to the scenario using SINR-aware spatial reuse.

[0150] For the low-interference STA location performance result 1850, when spatial reuse is not used, the performance is 428.06 Mbps. For the low-interference STA location performance result 1850, when spatial reuse is used, the performance is 572.77 Mbps. For the low-interference STA location performance result 1850, when SINR-aware spatial reuse is used, the performance is 772.45 Mbps. Therefore, when SINR-aware spatial reuse is used, the performance of the good location scenario is improved relative to the scenario using spatial reuse without SINR.

[0151] In some examples, the various components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implemented as objects or processes executed on a computing system (e.g., as separate threads). Although some of the systems and methods described herein are generally described as being implemented in software (stored on and / or executed by hardware), specific hardware implementations or combinations of software and specific hardware implementations are also possible and contemplated.

[0152] The terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally referred to as “open-ended” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to,” etc.).

[0153] Furthermore, if a specific number of claim recitations is intended, that intent will be expressly recited in the claim, and absent such recitation, that intent is absent. For example, to aid understanding, the following appended claims may contain the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that a claim recitation introduced by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be construed to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

[0154] Furthermore, even if a specific number of an introduced claim enumeration is explicitly recited, it should be understood that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., a simple recitation of "two enumerations" without other modifiers means at least two enumerations, or two or more enumerations). Furthermore, when expressions such as "at least one of A, B, C, etc." or "one or more of A, B, C, etc." are used, generally such constructions are intended to include A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B, and C together. For example, the use of the term "and / or" is intended to be interpreted in this manner.

[0155] In addition, any disjunctive word or phrase indicating two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to include the possibility of one term, one term, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

[0156] Additionally, the use of the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., herein are not necessarily intended to imply a specific order or number of elements. Often, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used to distinguish between different elements as generic identifiers. Without indicating that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., imply a specific order, these terms should not be understood to imply a specific order. Additionally, without indicating that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., imply a specific number of elements, these terms should not be understood to imply a specific number of elements. For example, a first component may be described as having a first side, and a second component may be defined as having a second side. The use of the term "second side" for the second component may be intended to distinguish this side of the second component from the "first side" of the first component, rather than to imply that the second component has two sides.

[0157] All examples and conditional language described herein are intended as teaching objects to help readers understand the disclosure and concepts contributed by the inventors to promote technological development, and should be understood as not being limited to such specific examples and conditions. Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A system for wireless communication, the system comprising: Data processing hardware; and Memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware, the memory hardware storing instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, cause the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, including: receiving, at a second access point (AP), an identification of a first receiving station (STA) and a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA from a first AP, wherein the first STA is operable to receive a transmission from the first AP, and the first predicted SINR is calculated when the second AP starts transmitting; When the first AP starts transmitting, calculating, at the second AP, a second predicted SINR at the second STA; At the second AP, calculating a first transmit power backoff based on the first predicted SINR and the second predicted SINR; and At the second AP, one or more transmission parameters are determined based on the first transmit power backoff.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: Initializing a spatial reuse transmission opportunity (SR TXOP) at the second AP; and A spatial reuse (SR) transmission is generated at the second AP for transmission to the second STA.

3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: identifying, at the second AP, an identity of a second STA and a second predicted SINR at the second STA, wherein the second STA is operable to receive a transmission from the second AP; and The identifier of the second STA and the second predicted SINR are sent from the second AP to the first AP.

4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: Sending a joint training transmission time from the second AP to the first AP; Sending a joint training transmission time from the second AP to the second STA to calculate the second predicted SINR; and The second predicted SINR is received at the second AP from the second STA.

5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: The spatial reuse transmission is terminated at the second AP to match an end of transmission of the transmission from the first AP.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: identifying, at the second AP, a spatial reuse transmission failure; and On the second AP, execute: Subsequent channel access without spatial reuse, or The spatial reuse ratio is adjusted to avoid interference with the first AP.

7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: At the second AP, the first transmit power backoff is determined based on one or more of background noise or a maximum receive error vector magnitude (EVM).

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more transmission parameters include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme MCS, a transmission Tx power or a bandwidth.

9. A method for spatial reuse, comprising: identifying, at a first access point (AP), a training transmission time, wherein the first AP is operable to transmit a first training transmission during the training transmission time and a second AP is operable to transmit a second training transmission during the training transmission time; During the training transmission time, at the first AP, calculating a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) between the first AP and the first receiving station (STA); receiving, at the first AP, from the second AP, a second SINR between the second AP and a second receiving STA; and Calculating a first transmit power backoff at the first AP; receiving, at the first AP, a second transmit power backoff from the second AP; and At the first AP, one or more first transmission parameters are calculated based on the first transmit power backoff and the second transmit power backoff.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: One or more second transmission parameters based on the first transmit power backoff and the second transmit power backoff are received at the first AP from the second AP.

11. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: Initializing a transmission opportunity TXOP at the first AP; and A transmission is generated at the first AP to the first STA.

12. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: At the first AP, the one or more first transmission parameters are determined based on a weighted average of the first SINR and the second SINR.

13. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: The spatial reuse transmission is terminated at the second AP to match an end of transmission of the transmission from the first AP.

14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: At the first AP, the first transmit power backoff is determined based on one or more of background noise or a maximum receive error vector magnitude (EVM).

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein The one or more first transmission parameters include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme MCS, a transmission Tx power or a bandwidth.

16. A system for wireless communication, the system comprising: Data processing hardware; and Memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware, the memory hardware storing instructions that, when executed on the data processing hardware, cause the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, including: receiving, at a second access point AP, from a first AP, an identification of a first receiving station (STA) and a predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the first STA, the first receiving station being operable to receive transmissions from the first AP; When the second AP starts transmitting, calculating, at the second AP, a first predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the first STA; and At the second AP, a transmit power backoff is calculated based on the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR.

17. The system of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: Initializing a spatial reuse transmission opportunity (SR TXOP) at the second AP; and A spatial reuse (SR) transmission is generated at the second AP for transmission to a second STA.

18. The system of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: While the first AP is transmitting, one or more transmission parameters are determined at the second AP to match a second predicted SINR at a second STA.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the one or more transmission parameters include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a transmit Tx power, or a bandwidth.

20. The system of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: At the second AP, calculating a path loss between the second AP and the first STA; and At the second AP, the transmit power backoff is calculated based on the path loss.

21. The system of claim 16, further comprising instructions for causing the data processing hardware to perform the following operations, the operations comprising: At the second AP, a transmit power backoff is calculated based on a ratio between the predicted SNR and the first predicted SINR.

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