Water-wind-light multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method and system considering electrochemical energy storage configuration

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-wind-light multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method and system considering electrochemical energy storage configuration. The method comprises the following steps: quantifying wind-light forecast deviation and flexibility requirements; quantifying the flexible supply capability of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a comprehensive flexible quantitative index for coordinated regulation of water, electricity and electrochemical energy storage; and constructing a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the maximum flexibility adjustment capability according to the flexibility demand and the flexibility supply capability of the water and electricity and electrochemical energy storage, and realizing real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and water and electricity complementary scheduling. According to the method, the problems of frequent vibration area crossing, frequent unit start and stop and the like caused by wind and light forecast deviation in real-time dispatching of single hydropower are solved, and the huge scale effect of cascade reservoirs and the quick response advantage of energy storage can be cooperatively utilized through cooperative dispatching of the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage; a large-capacity, full-time and multi-scale flexible adjustment capability is formed, and reliable power supply and safe and stable operation of a complementary system are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of multi-energy complementary scheduling, and more specifically, relates to a method and system for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration. Background Art

[0002] Since the output of wind power and photovoltaic new energy is highly volatile, random and intermittent, direct large-scale grid connection will cause serious wind and solar power abandonment, and it is difficult to ensure reliable power supply and safe operation of the power grid. The implementation of multi-energy complementary scheduling of water, wind and solar power can significantly reduce the impact of wind and solar power volatility on the power grid, and effectively solve the power grid operation problems of large-scale centralized wind power and photovoltaic power grid access.

[0003] Based on timescales, the scheduling of hydropower, wind, and solar power can be categorized as either medium- to long-term or short-term. In the medium- to long-term, the goal is to improve the overall power generation and power generation guarantee rate of the multi-energy complementary system by leveraging the long-term complementary characteristics of wind, solar, and hydropower resources. The seasonal distribution patterns and complementary characteristics of wind, solar, and hydropower resources are then leveraged to improve the long-term, global power generation efficiency of the complementary power generation system. In the short-term, power plant operations are typically guided by the water / power quantity control conditions provided by long-term scheduling. The goals are generally to ensure the security and stability of the power grid and power supply, and to mitigate the fluctuations in wind and solar power output. Day-ahead power generation scheduling plans for hydropower, wind, and solar power complementary systems are developed based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output. Overall, current research, both domestically and internationally, focuses on leveraging the compensatory and regulatory effects of hydropower on wind and solar power to mitigate the impact of independent grid integration of renewable energy on the safe and stable operation of the grid. This approach overlooks the inherent scheduling and operational risks of hydropower plants due to their limited flexibility and the inherent risks associated with complementary renewable energy.

[0004] Cascade hydropower can meet the long-term, large-capacity, and cross-seasonal flexibility adjustment needs brought about by the access of wind and solar energy, but the unique performance of traditional hydropower units limits their load response speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for controlling the risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering the configuration of electrochemical energy storage, which can alleviate the risks of safe and stable operation of hydropower units such as frequent crossing of vibration zones and frequent start-up and shutdown of units due to independent adjustment limitations of flexibility.

[0006] Technical solution: The method for controlling the risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration described in the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output, the wind and solar power forecast deviation is quantitatively calculated, and the degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system is defined based on the wind and solar power forecast deviation. The flexibility demand of the multi-energy complementary system is quantified to obtain the flexibility demand evaluation index;

[0008] (2) Quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of the hydropower unit based on its ramping capability, initial operating status, and output limit for upward or downward adjustment; quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of the electrochemical energy storage based on the charge and discharge power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, as well as the capacity and maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage device at that time; and establish a comprehensive flexibility quantitative index for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage;

[0009] (3) Based on the flexibility demand evaluation index and the comprehensive flexibility quantitative index of the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the greatest flexibility regulation capability is constructed, including: establishing a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model, establishing a hydropower unit output distribution strategy, dividing the charge state of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated operation strategy; and realizing real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

[0010] Furthermore, the flexibility requirements of the multi-energy complementary system are quantified as follows:

[0011] The degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system is defined by analyzing the deviation of wind and solar power forecasts. Based on the random fluctuation characteristics and forecast uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind power, the flexibility requirement of the complementary system is the result of the fluctuation of the net load forecast value in adjacent time periods plus the wind and solar power forecast error. The calculation formula is:

[0012]

[0013] in, are the maximum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; are the minimum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; is the load forecast value of the complementary system at time t; are the upward flexibility demand and downward flexibility demand of the complementary system at time t, respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the ability of hydropower units to adjust upward or downward in flexibility is quantified, including:

[0015]

[0016] in, are the upward and downward adjustment flexibility of the i-th hydropower unit in period t; γ i,t is the start and stop status of unit i during period t; N i,t is the initial output value of unit i in period t; are the maximum upward and downward climbing values ​​of unit i respectively; are the output limits that can be adjusted upward and downward for unit i during period t, respectively, which are related to the unit's position in the output corridor and whether it is allowed to cross the vibration zone at the current stage.

[0017] Furthermore, the upward or downward flexibility of electrochemical energy storage is quantified, including:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, F t b+ 、F t b- are the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage to adjust upward and downward during period t; P c,max 、P d,max is the maximum charge and discharge power of electrochemical energy storage, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, E max 、E min are the maximum and minimum capacities allowed by electrochemical energy storage during operation, and △t is the time interval.

[0020] Furthermore, a comprehensive flexibility quantitative index for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage should be established, including:

[0021]

[0022] F t b =abs(E t -C t ) / E

[0023] Among them, F t F is a quantitative indicator of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage in period t. t h is the quantitative index of the flexibility of the hydropower station during period t, W i,t is the width of the output corridor where the i-th hydropower unit is located in period t; n is the number of hydropower units in operation in period t; F t b E is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage during period t; t 、C t are the dischargeable and rechargeable amounts of electrochemical energy storage in period t, respectively; E is the total capacity of electrochemical energy storage that can participate in regulation.

[0024] Furthermore, the real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model includes:

[0025] Objective function 1:

[0026]

[0027] Objective function 2:

[0028] min(abs(△N t ))

[0029]

[0030] Among them, F t+1 is the quantitative index of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t, is the quantitative index of the hydropower station's flexibility at the end of period t, is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t, △N t is the final system load deviation after adjustment during period t, is the grid load instruction during period t, is the photovoltaic output during period t, is the final output of the i-th hydropower unit in period t, P t is the electrochemical energy storage power during period t.

[0031] Furthermore, the output allocation strategy of hydropower units includes:

[0032] According to the deviation between the ultra-short-term forecast output of wind and solar power and the real-time output is the wind power and photovoltaic power forecast output at the 15-minute scale during period t, The actual output of wind power and photovoltaic power in the 15-minute period t is divided into the following three types of load deviation regulation requirements:

[0033] (1) If the wind and solar power forecast for period t is too high, the complementary system will have an upward flexibility adjustment demand at the real-time dispatch level, requiring the hydropower units to increase their output or the energy storage batteries to discharge to supplement the power.

[0034] (2) If the wind and solar power forecast for period t is too low, the complementary system will have a downward flexibility adjustment demand at the real-time dispatch level, requiring the hydropower units to reduce output or the energy storage batteries to charge and store electricity;

[0035] (3) If there is no error in the wind and solar power forecast during period t, the complementary system does not need to adjust its output at the real-time scheduling level. The hydropower units generate electricity according to the output plan formulated at the intraday level, and the energy storage batteries do not charge or discharge.

[0036] The charge states of electrochemical energy storage include: overcharge, high charge, normal, low charge, and over-discharge.

[0037] Furthermore, a coordinated operation strategy for hydropower and electrochemical energy storage will be established, including:

[0038] According to whether electrochemical energy storage participates in the regulation during the load deviation adjustment process and whether the hydropower unit is allowed to pass through the vibration zone, the following four operating conditions are divided. χ is the parameter indicating whether the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, where χ = 0 means the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and χ = 1 means the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone:

[0039] ① Operating condition A: χ = 0, the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage does not participate in regulation:

[0040] ② Operating condition B: χ = 0, the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation:

[0041] ③ Operating condition C: χ = 1, the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation:

[0042] ④ Working condition D: The adjustment conditions of the above three working conditions are not met;

[0043] The specific steps are:

[0044] (1) Determine the load deviation adjustment requirements like Then enter the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage output increase module, if Then it enters the output reduction module of the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage;

[0045] (2) Calculate the charge and discharge power that the electrochemical energy storage can provide during the current period;

[0046] (3) Determine the initial SOC state of the electrochemical energy storage. If the SOC state is within the normal range of charge, proceed to step (4); if the SOC state is not within the normal range of charge, proceed to step (5);

[0047] (4) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition A, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (5);

[0048] (5): If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition B, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (6);

[0049] (6) If or Then, the system output is adjusted according to working condition C, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (7);

[0050] (7) According to the working condition D, the system output is adjusted, the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output, and the output adjustment of the current stage is completed. The objective function is to minimize the load deviation in the current stage.

[0051] Furthermore, the real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model not only meets the conventional constraints of reservoirs, hydropower stations, and hydropower units, but also meets the constraints related to electrochemical energy storage batteries:

[0052] Energy balance constraints for electrochemical energy storage;

[0053]

[0054] in, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, is the initial electrochemical cell capacity of period t-1; P t is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; ω c 、ω d are the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery respectively;

[0055] Avoid battery overcharge and over-discharge constraints;

[0056] The battery state of charge (SOC) is the ratio of the current battery capacity to the rated capacity. The battery state of charge (SOC) is between the maximum and minimum charge rates of the battery:

[0057]

[0058] SOC min ≤SOC t ≤SOC max

[0059] Among them, SOC t is the state of charge of the energy storage electromagnet at the beginning of time period t, E0 is the rated capacity of the energy storage battery, SOC min , SOC max are the minimum and maximum charge rates of the energy storage battery respectively.

[0060] The water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control system considering electrochemical energy storage configuration of the present invention includes:

[0061] The flexibility demand quantification unit is used to quantify the wind and solar power forecast deviation based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output, and to define the degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system based on the wind and solar power forecast deviation, thereby quantifying the flexibility demand of the multi-energy complementary system;

[0062] A comprehensive flexibility quantification index unit is used to quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of hydropower units based on their ramping capabilities, initial operating status, and output limits for upward or downward adjustment. It is also used to quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of electrochemical energy storage based on the charge and discharge power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, as well as the capacity and maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage device at that time. A comprehensive flexibility quantification index for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage is also established.

[0063] The scheduling model construction and risk control unit are used to build a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the greatest flexibility adjustment capability based on the flexibility requirements of the multi-energy complementary system and the upward or downward flexibility supply capabilities of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage. This includes: establishing a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model, establishing a hydropower unit output distribution strategy, dividing the charge state of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated operation strategy; and realizing real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

[0064] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the significant technical effects of the present invention are: (1) it deeply explores the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage, proposes a comprehensive flexibility quantitative index of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage, realizes the complementary advantages of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, and effectively responds to the impact caused by the uncertainty of new energy forecast; (2) it proposes a risk control method for the multi-energy complementary scheduling of water, wind, light and storage containing electrochemical energy storage; based on the comprehensive flexibility quantitative index of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage, it proposes a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated scheduling strategy, thereby reducing the self-scheduling risk caused by the deviation of photovoltaic forecast by hydropower alone, and tracking the system load instructions in real time to reduce the risk of power shortage and abandonment of the complementary system; (3) it proposes a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated scheduling strategy, which can be used to guide the operation of the "hydropower + new energy + electrochemical energy storage" hybrid system and provide a reference solution for the flexibility evaluation of the hybrid system, which has scientific value and practical significance for further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hybrid power generation system and the power grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of electrochemical energy storage SOC change;

[0067] Figure 3 Flowchart of the strategy for adjusting real-time load deviation for hydropower unit-electrochemical energy storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Compared with hydropower, energy storage has more flexible real-time response capabilities and short-term support capabilities. Coordinating its operation with hydropower can significantly reduce the system's scheduling risks due to flexibility limitations. By coordinating energy storage with hydropower, the huge scale effect of cascade reservoirs and the rapid response advantages of energy storage can be synergistically utilized to form a large-capacity, full-time, and multi-scale flexible adjustment capability. This is of great significance for resolving various scheduling risks brought about by the uncertainty of large-scale wind and solar energy, improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy, and improving the safe operation level of the system. Therefore, the present invention proposes a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method considering the configuration of electrochemical energy storage.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) Introducing a wind / solar forecast deviation calculation method, quantifying the wind / solar forecast deviation and the flexibility demand of the complementary system, and obtaining a flexibility demand evaluation index;

[0072] A method for calculating wind and solar power forecast deviations is introduced, and a probabilistic fitting model for wind and photovoltaic power output forecast errors based on Copula functions is established. Due to the random fluctuations in the output of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, i.e., the random variations in wind and solar power output over a certain period of time, it is possible to quantify wind and solar power forecast deviations by analyzing their uncertainty, and based on this, to quantify the flexibility requirements of the complementary system.

[0073] The proposal of flexibility requirements mainly includes two parts. First, the wind and solar forecast deviation is quantified, and the actual and predicted values ​​of wind power output and photovoltaic output in the same period are fitted; second, the degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system is defined by analyzing the wind and solar forecast deviation. In detail, the wind power output forecast deviation range is calculated under a certain confidence level based on the conditional probability density function of the wind power and photovoltaic forecast deviation. PV output forecast deviation range in, is the lower limit of wind power output forecast deviation, is the upper limit of wind power output forecast deviation, is the lower limit of the photovoltaic output forecast deviation, is the upper limit of the PV output forecast deviation. Furthermore, given the random fluctuation characteristics and forecast uncertainty of PV and wind power, the flexibility demand of the complementary system is the result of the fluctuation of the net load forecast value in adjacent time periods plus the wind and solar forecast deviation.

[0074] 1) Wind and solar forecast deviation

[0075] According to the actual and predicted values ​​of wind and solar power output, Gaussian kernel density distribution is used for fitting. The expression of Gaussian kernel density distribution function is:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, k is the independent variable of the function, which is the actual value or predicted value of wind and solar power output, g(k) is the Gaussian kernel function of k, μ is the mean of k, and σ is the standard deviation of k.

[0078] For the probability density distribution function of the non-parametric kernel density estimation, the actual and predicted values ​​of wind and solar power output in historical years are selected as samples, as shown below:

[0079]

[0080] Where f(k) is the probability density distribution function of k, N is the number of interval samples (i.e. the number of actual value samples or predicted value samples of wind and solar power output), h is the bandwidth coefficient, and k i is the i-th sample (i.e., the actual value sample or predicted value sample of wind and solar power output).

[0081] Assume that the marginal distributions of random variables X and Y (X and Y represent the set of all possible values ​​of the actual and predicted wind and solar outputs) represented by the actual and predicted wind and solar outputs in the same period are:

[0082] F X (x)=P(X≤x) (3)

[0083] F Y (y)=P(Y≤y) (4)

[0084] Where x is the actual wind and solar power output value, P(X≤x) is the probability that the random variable X is less than or equal to the actual wind and solar power output value x, y is the predicted wind and solar power output value, and P(Y≤y) is the probability that the random variable Y is less than or equal to the predicted wind and solar power output value y.

[0085] The joint distribution of the actual and predicted values ​​of wind power output random variables X and Y is:

[0086] F X,Y (x,y)=P(X≤x,Y≤y) (5)

[0087] Among them, P(X≤x,Y≤y) is the probability that the random variable X is less than or equal to the actual wind and solar power output value x and the random variable Y is less than or equal to the predicted wind and solar power output value y.

[0088] According to Sklar's theorem: Let F be a two-dimensional distribution function, whose marginal distribution is u=F X (x), v = F Y(y); then there exists a two-dimensional Copula function C such that for any have:

[0089] F X,Y (x,y)=C(u,v)=C(F X (x),F Y (y)) (6)

[0090]

[0091] in, is the set of all possible values ​​of the actual and predicted wind and solar power output, C(u,v) is the Copula distribution function of the two-dimensional variables u and v (u and v are intermediate variables with no practical significance), C(F X (x),F Y (y)) are two-dimensional variables F X (x) and F Y Copula distribution function of (y), f XY (x,y) is the joint density function of the actual and predicted wind and solar output, f X (x) and f Y (y) are the marginal density functions of the actual and predicted wind and solar output, c(F X (x),F Y (y)) are two-dimensional variables respectively F X (x) and F Y Copula density function of (y).

[0092] According to Copula theory, the conditional probability density function of the actual value x and the predicted value y of wind power output and photovoltaic output in the same period is:

[0093]

[0094] in, Wind and solar power output forecast value The conditional density function under Wind and solar power output forecast value The probability density function under Wind and solar power output forecast value The marginal density function of the predicted wind power output, is a value of the wind and solar power output prediction value, Wind and solar power output forecast value Marginal distribution function of the predicted wind power output.

[0095] According to the wind power and photovoltaic forecast error conditional probability density functions, the wind power and photovoltaic forecast values ​​are substituted into them respectively to obtain the wind power and photovoltaic forecast error distribution characteristics under the corresponding forecast value at the corresponding time, and the wind power output forecast error interval under a certain confidence level is calculated. Photovoltaic output prediction error range

[0096] 2) Quantification of flexibility requirements:

[0097]

[0098] in, are the maximum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; are the minimum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; is the load forecast value of the complementary system at time t; are the upward flexibility demand and downward flexibility demand of the complementary system at time t.

[0099] (2) Analyze the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, and propose comprehensive flexibility quantitative indicators for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage.

[0100] Considering the flexibility constraints of hydropower regulation, integrating electrochemical energy storage into a hydropower-photovoltaic-wind power complementary system allows for the coordinated operation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage to address the system's flexibility regulation needs. This approach maintains power balance and stable operation through coordinated operation of these different power sources. Based on the output characteristics of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage, the authors quantified their flexibility supply capabilities and proposed flexibility supply and demand indicators for the coordinated hydropower-electrochemical energy storage system.

[0101] 1) Quantification of flexibility supply of hydropower units;

[0102] The ability of a hydropower unit to adjust upward or downward is related to its ramping capability, initial operating status, and the output limit that can be adjusted upward or downward. See formulas (13) and (14) for details.

[0103]

[0104] in, are the upward and downward adjustment flexibility of the i-th hydropower unit in period t; γ i,t is the start and stop status of unit i during period t; N i,t is the initial output value of unit i in period t; are the maximum upward and downward climbing values ​​of unit i respectively; are the output limits that can be adjusted upward and downward for unit i during period t, respectively, which are related to the unit's position in the output corridor and whether it is allowed to cross the vibration zone at the current stage;

[0105] 2) Quantification of the flexibility supply of electrochemical energy storage;

[0106] The upward / downward flexibility of electrochemical energy storage refers to the charging and discharging power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, which is related to the capacity and maximum charging and discharging power at that time. See formula (15) and formula (16) for details.

[0107]

[0108] Among them, F t b+ 、F t b- are the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage to adjust upward and downward during period t; P c,max 、P d,max is the maximum charge and discharge power of electrochemical energy storage, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, E max 、E min are the maximum and minimum capacities allowed by electrochemical energy storage during operation, and △t is the time interval.

[0109] 3) Quantitative indicators of the comprehensive flexibility of coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage;

[0110] The flexibility of the hydropower unit can be expressed as and in this case, and The sum of is a fixed value, which is actually determined by the unit The width of the output corridor formed by the operation constraints, W i,t is the width of the output corridor (formed by the unit operation constraints) where the i-th hydropower unit is located in period t. Therefore, if the unit is located in a certain output corridor, increasing its upward flexibility will lead to a decrease in downward flexibility, and vice versa. In order to respond to the flexibility needs in different directions, it is necessary to make the unit output as close to the middle of the output corridor as possible, where the upward and downward flexibility adjustment supplies are the same (the difference between the two is minimal). In addition, due to the limitations of the unit vibration zone, the unit output will fall into different output corridors. In order to avoid the impact of different output corridors on hydropower flexibility, the formula is normalized to form a quantitative index of hydropower flexibility, see formula (18).

[0111] The service life of electrochemical energy storage is inseparable from its state of charge (SOC). When the SOC value is too high or too low, the internal resistance and voltage of the battery vary greatly, which is not conducive to the performance and life requirements of electrochemical energy storage. However, when the SOC is close to the middle range (SOC = 0.5), it has low internal resistance and high energy conversion efficiency. If the maximum charge and discharge power of electrochemical energy storage is the same, the adjustment flexibility of electrochemical energy storage is mainly determined by its dischargeable capacity and rechargeable capacity (E t and C t ) constraint. c,max and P d,max The sum of (electrochemical energy storage can participate in regulating the total power) is a fixed value, so when C t and E t When the values ​​of and are equal (the difference between them is the smallest), electrochemical energy storage can ensure flexible supply in both the upward and downward directions. On this basis, the electrochemical energy storage flexibility quantitative index is derived, see formula (19).

[0112] The uncertainty of future wind and photovoltaic power output leads to uncertain regulatory flexibility requirements, necessitating sufficient upward and downward flexibility. Based on this, a quantitative index for the combined flexibility of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage coordination is proposed. The smaller the value of the combined flexibility, the better the combined flexibility of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, as shown in formula (17).

[0113]

[0114] F t b =abs(E t -C t ) / E (19)

[0115] Among them, F t F is a quantitative indicator of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage in period t. t h is the quantitative index of the flexibility of the hydropower station during period t, W i,t is the width of the output corridor (formed by the unit operation constraints) where the i-th hydropower unit is located in period t; n is the number of hydropower units in operation during period t; F t b E is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage during period t; t 、C t are the dischargeable and rechargeable amounts of electrochemical energy storage in period t, respectively; E is the total capacity of electrochemical energy storage that can participate in regulation.

[0116] (3) Construct a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the goal of maximizing flexibility regulation capabilities, and propose a real-time risk control strategy for electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

[0117] In a hydropower-wind-solar hybrid system, if only hydropower is used to respond to wind power and photovoltaic forecast deviations, hydropower units face the risk of frequently crossing vibration zones during output regulation. To minimize the adverse operating conditions of hydropower units crossing vibration zones, real-time scheduling utilizes electrochemical energy storage to connect to the hydropower-wind-solar hybrid system, complementing the flexibility advantages of hydropower units and establishing a real-time hydropower-photovoltaic-storage hybrid scheduling model. By proposing a quantitative index for the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage, and based on this, a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated scheduling method is proposed, thereby reducing the inherent scheduling risk caused by hydropower solely adjusting to photovoltaic forecast deviations, and real-time tracking of system load instructions to reduce the risk of power shortage and abandonment in the complementary system.

[0118] 1) Hydropower unit output allocation strategy based on real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model;

[0119] Because there are still deviations in the ultra-short-term forecasts of wind power and photovoltaic power, the output distribution of hydropower units needs to be adjusted in actual situations. At the same time, electrochemical energy storage batteries are used to respond to the deviations in the ultra-short-term forecasts of wind power and photovoltaic power, so as to meet the real-time load instructions issued by the power grid. is the wind power and photovoltaic power forecast output at the 15-minute scale during period t, The actual wind and photovoltaic output in the 15-minute period of time t is divided into the following three types of load deviation regulation requirements:

[0120] ① The wind and photovoltaic power forecasts for period t are too high, indicating that the complementary system has an upward flexibility adjustment demand at the real-time dispatch level, requiring hydropower units to increase output or energy storage batteries to discharge to supplement power.

[0121] ② The wind and photovoltaic power forecasts for period t are too low, indicating that the complementary system has a need for downward flexibility adjustment at the real-time dispatch level, requiring hydropower units to reduce output or energy storage batteries to charge and store electricity;

[0122] ③ There is no error in the wind power and photovoltaic power forecasts during period t, indicating that the complementary system does not need to adjust its output at the real-time scheduling level. The hydropower units generate electricity according to the output plan formulated at the intra-day level, and the energy storage batteries are neither charged nor discharged.

[0123] 2) Hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordination method;

[0124] To avoid frequent unit starts and stops, real-time scheduling maintains the hydropower unit start and stop schedule generated by the daily model, leveraging the flexibility of already operating hydropower units to address load regulation needs. This paper proposes a coordinated scheduling method for electrochemical energy storage and already operating hydropower units to prevent frequent fluctuations in photovoltaic forecast deviations caused by individual hydropower unit adjustments. Furthermore, this paper proposes a state-of-charge (SOC)-based charge and discharge control strategy based on the charge and discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage. The SOC of electrochemical energy storage is divided into five regions: overcharge, high charge, normal, low charge, and over-discharge. Normal is considered a healthy range, high charge and low charge are sub-healthy, and overcharge and over-discharge are unhealthy. Considering that prolonged exposure of electrochemical energy storage to a more dangerous SOC range shortens its service life and limits its flexibility, during the electrochemical energy storage load deviation adjustment process, to extend its service life, the battery should be kept within a reasonably safe healthy range, preferably within a sub-healthy range, and avoided within the unhealthy SOC ranges of overcharge and over-discharge, under acceptable conditions.

[0125] Integration of electrochemical energy storage into a hydropower-solar hybrid system significantly enhances the system's flexibility, while also enabling flexible control during load adjustment. Considering the healthy lifespan and flexible adjustment capabilities of electrochemical energy storage, it should be kept within a healthy SOC range when coordinating with hydropower. Figure 2 The figure shows the SOC changes of the electrochemical energy storage throughout the entire dispatch period. As can be seen from the figure, in the process of electrochemical energy storage responding to the system's flexibility adjustment needs, through coordination with hydropower, the electrochemical energy storage is mostly in the normal SOC range with high flexibility, meeting the pre-defined state-of-charge-based energy storage charge and discharge control strategy.

[0126] Table 1 Regional values ​​of electrochemical energy storage SOC

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] The purpose of connecting electrochemical energy storage to the hydropower complementary system is to reduce the risk of hydropower scheduling caused by the hydropower unit adjusting the photovoltaic deviation alone. Therefore, if the hydropower unit does not have the risk of crossing the vibration zone, and its flexibility meets the load adjustment requirements of the system, the electrochemical energy storage can not participate in the adjustment, and the hydropower unit can perform the adjustment alone. However, in order to ensure that the electrochemical energy storage is in the healthiest working range as much as possible, when its state SOC is not good enough, it can participate in the adjustment to improve its own SOC and enhance the adjustment flexibility. According to whether the electrochemical energy storage participates in the adjustment during the load deviation adjustment process and whether the hydropower unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone, it is divided into the following four operating conditions:

[0130] ① Working condition A, the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone χ = 0, (χ is the parameter of whether the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, where χ = 0 means the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, χ = 1 means the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone) electrochemical energy storage does not participate in the regulation: When the system has the need for upward adjustment flexibility, if (χ is the parameter of whether the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, where χ = 0 means the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and χ = 1 means the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone; △ N lim For grid assessment requirements), or when the system has a downward adjustment flexibility demand, if Under the premise of not crossing the vibration zone, the hydropower unit completes the adjustment of the load deviation in the current period. At this time, in order to cope with the upward / downward adjustment needs that the system may face in the future, the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period is taken as the scheduling target (see formula (20)), and the output distribution plan of each hydropower unit is determined. Electrochemical energy storage does not need to participate in the adjustment. The scheduling target calculation formula is:

[0131]

[0132] Among them, F t+1 is the quantitative index of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t, is the quantitative index of the flexibility of the hydropower station at the end of period t, is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t;

[0133] ② Operating condition B (the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone (χ=0), and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation): When the system has an upward adjustment flexibility demand, if Or when the system has downward adjustment flexibility requirements, if This indicates that the hydropower units can coordinate with electrochemical energy storage to adjust the load deviation in the current period without crossing the vibration zone. To address the scheduling risk of the future system, the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period is used as the scheduling target (see Equation (20)), and the output distribution plan of each hydropower unit and the charge and discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage are determined.

[0134] ③ Operating condition C (the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone (χ=1), and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation): When the system has an upward adjustment flexibility demand, if Or when the system has downward adjustment flexibility requirements, if This shows that the hydropower units that have been started can cooperate with electrochemical energy storage to adjust the load deviation of the current period under the premise of being allowed to cross the vibration zone. At this time, in order to deal with the scheduling risk of the system in the future period, the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period is taken as the scheduling target (see formula (20))

[0135] ④ Operating Condition D: If none of the three aforementioned operating conditions are met, indicating that even the maximum regulation capabilities of the currently operating hydropower generators and electrochemical energy storage cannot meet the current load regulation requirements, the output distribution plan for each hydropower generator and the charge and discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage are determined, assuming that the hydropower generators do not cross the vibration zone and aiming to minimize the load deviation at the current stage. Simultaneously, the risk of load abandonment can be fed back to the intraday level to consider whether to adjust the hydropower generator startup and shutdown plans.

[0136] min(abs(△N t ))(twenty one)

[0137]

[0138] Among them, F t+1 It is a quantitative indicator of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t. is the grid load instruction during period t, MW; is the photovoltaic output during period t, is the final output of the i-th hydropower unit in period t, MW; P t is the electrochemical energy storage power during period t (charging is +, discharging is -), MW; △N t is the final system load deviation after adjustment during period t.

[0139] The complementary system can automatically switch working conditions according to the load regulation requirements and system flexibility adjustment capabilities (such as Figure 3 The specific steps are as follows:

[0140] (1) Determine the load deviation adjustment requirements like Then enter the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage output increase module, if Then it enters the output reduction module of the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage;

[0141] (2) Calculate the charge and discharge power that the electrochemical energy storage can provide during the current period;

[0142] (3) Determine the initial SOC state of the electrochemical energy storage. If the SOC state is in the normal range of charge (SOC∈(1-b,b)), proceed to step (4); if the SOC state is not in the normal range of charge, proceed to step (5);

[0143] (4) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition A, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage; otherwise, go to step (5);

[0144] (5) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition B, and the hydropower unit output distribution plan and electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage; otherwise, go to step 6;

[0145] (6) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition C, the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output, and the output adjustment of the current stage is completed; otherwise, step (7) is entered;

[0146] (7) Adjust the system output according to operating condition D, output the hydropower unit output distribution plan and electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy, and complete the output adjustment of the current stage.

[0147] 3) Model constraints;

[0148] ① Reservoir water balance equation;

[0149] V t =V t-1 +(I t -Q t )△t (23)

[0150] Among them, V t-1 、V t are the initial and final storage capacities of the reservoir in period t; I t , Q t are the inflow and outflow of the power station in period t respectively; △t is the time interval.

[0151] ② Reservoir capacity constraints;

[0152] V min ≤V t ≤V max (twenty four)

[0153] Among them, V min is the dead storage capacity of the reservoir; V max It is the maximum allowable storage capacity of the reservoir in period t. During the flood season, it is the storage capacity corresponding to the flood control limit water level. During other periods, it is the storage capacity corresponding to the normal water level.

[0154] ③ Constraints on outbound flow range;

[0155] Q min ≤Q t ≤Q max (25)

[0156] Among them, Q min is the minimum ecological water demand flow downstream, Q max The maximum allowable discharge flow.

[0157] ④ Power generation flow constraints;

[0158]

[0159] in, is the power generation flow in period t, is the minimum power generation flow, is the maximum power generation flow.

[0160] ⑤Hydropower output constraints;

[0161]

[0162] in, is the power output of the hydropower station during period t, is the minimum output of the hydropower station (ecological output), It is the maximum output of the hydropower station (hydropower installed capacity).

[0163] ⑥Hydrogen unit output constraints. Each unit in a hydropower station has a corresponding unit flow characteristic curve.

[0164] N i,t =N(H i,t ,Q i,t ) (28)

[0165] Among them, N i,t is the output of the i-th unit in period t, MW; H i,t is the working water head of the i-th unit during period t; Q i,t The power generation flow of the i-th unit in period t.

[0166] ⑦ Vibration zone constraint. First, assume that there are m vibration zones for the i-th unit under a certain water head. Then the output range of the unit that avoids the vibration zone can be expressed as:

[0167]

[0168] in, are the maximum and minimum output limits of the i-th unit in period t, are the upper and lower limits of the jth vibration zone of the i-th unit in period t, They are the upper and lower limits of the j-1th vibration zone of the i-th unit in time period t.

[0169] ⑧ Minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints;

[0170]

[0171] in, is the continuous start-up time and continuous shutdown time of the i-th unit until the t period; T ion ,min 、T i off,min is the shortest startup and shutdown time of the i-th unit.

[0172] ⑨Maximum climbing constraint;

[0173] |N i,t -N i,t-1 |≤R i (34)

[0174] Among them, N i,t-1 is the output of the i-th unit in period t-1, MW; R i is the maximum ramp value of the i-th unit.

[0175] ⑩Transmission channel capacity constraints;

[0176]

[0177] in, is the photovoltaic output during period t, N max is the capacity of the transport channel.

[0178] Energy balance constraints for electrochemical energy storage;

[0179]

[0180] in, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, is the initial electrochemical cell capacity of period t-1; P t is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; ω c 、ω d are the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery respectively;

[0181] Avoid battery overcharge and over-discharge constraints;

[0182] The battery's state of charge (SOC) is the ratio of the battery's current capacity to its rated capacity. To prevent overcharging or over-discharging, the battery's SOC should be between its maximum and minimum charge rates.

[0183] SOC t =E t / E0 (38)

[0184] SOC min ≤SOC t ≤SOC max (39)

[0185] Among them, SOCt is the state of charge of the energy storage electromagnet at the beginning of time period t, E0 is the rated capacity of the energy storage battery, SOC min , SOC max are the minimum and maximum charge rates of the energy storage battery respectively.

[0186] The water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control system considering electrochemical energy storage configuration of the present invention includes:

[0187] The flexibility demand quantification unit is used to quantify the wind and solar power forecast deviation based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output, and to define the degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system based on the wind and solar power forecast deviation, thereby quantifying the flexibility demand of the multi-energy complementary system;

[0188] A comprehensive flexibility quantification index unit is used to quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of hydropower units based on their ramping capabilities, initial operating status, and output limits for upward or downward adjustment. It is also used to quantify the upward or downward flexibility supply capacity of electrochemical energy storage based on the charge and discharge power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, as well as the capacity and maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage device at that time. A comprehensive flexibility quantification index for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage is also established.

[0189] The scheduling model construction and risk control unit are used to build a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the greatest flexibility adjustment capability based on the flexibility requirements of the multi-energy complementary system and the upward or downward flexibility supply capabilities of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage. This includes: establishing a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model's hydropower unit output allocation strategy, dividing the charge state of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated operation strategy; and realizing real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

[0190] The electronic device described in the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instruction stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method considering the electrochemical energy storage configuration are implemented.

[0191] The computer-readable storage medium described in the present invention stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, they are used to execute the steps of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method considering electrochemical energy storage configuration.

[0192] The computer program product described in the present invention includes a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control method considering electrochemical energy storage configuration.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output, the wind and solar power forecast deviation is quantitatively calculated. The degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system is defined based on the wind and solar power forecast deviation. The flexibility demand of the multi-energy complementary system is quantified to obtain a flexibility demand evaluation index. Quantify the hydropower unit's ability to provide upward or downward adjustment flexibility based on its ramping capability, initial operating status, and output limits for upward or downward adjustment; Quantify the upward or downward flexibility of electrochemical energy storage based on the charge and discharge power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, as well as the capacity and maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage device at that time; and establish a comprehensive flexibility quantitative indicator for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage; Based on the flexibility demand evaluation index and the comprehensive flexibility quantitative index of the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model with the greatest flexibility regulation capability is constructed. This includes: establishing a real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model, establishing a hydropower unit output distribution strategy, classifying the state of charge of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated operation strategy; Realize real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

2. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Quantify the flexibility requirements of the multi-energy complementary system, specifically: The degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system is defined by analyzing the deviation of wind and solar power forecasts. Based on the random fluctuation characteristics and forecast uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind power, the flexibility requirement of the complementary system is the result of the fluctuation of the net load forecast value in adjacent time periods plus the wind and solar power forecast error. The calculation formula is: in, are the maximum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; are the minimum values ​​of the real-time load of the complementary system at time t and time t+△t respectively; is the load forecast value of the complementary system at time t; are the upward flexibility demand and downward flexibility demand of the complementary system at time t, respectively.

3. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Quantify the ability of hydropower units to provide flexibility in adjusting upward or downward, including: in, are the upward and downward adjustment flexibility of the i-th hydropower unit in period t; γ i,t is the start and stop status of unit i during period t; N i,t is the initial output value of unit i in period t; are the maximum upward and downward climbing values ​​of unit i respectively; are the output limits that can be adjusted upward and downward for unit i during period t, respectively, which are related to the unit's position in the output corridor and whether it is allowed to cross the vibration zone at the current stage.

4. The method for controlling the risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Quantify the upward or downward flexibility of electrochemical energy storage, including: in, are the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage to adjust upward and downward during period t; P c,max 、P d,max is the maximum charge and discharge power of electrochemical energy storage, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, E max 、E min are the maximum and minimum capacities allowed by electrochemical energy storage during operation, and △t is the time interval.

5. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Establish comprehensive flexibility quantitative indicators for coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, including: Among them, F t It is a quantitative indicator of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage in period t. is the quantitative index of the flexibility of the hydropower station during period t, W i,t is the width of the output corridor where the i-th hydropower unit is located in period t; n is the number of hydropower units in operation in period t; E is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage during period t; t 、C t are the dischargeable and rechargeable amounts of electrochemical energy storage in period t, respectively; E is the total capacity of electrochemical energy storage that can participate in regulation.

6. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model includes: Objective function 1: Objective function 2: min(abs(△N t )) Among them, F t+1 is the quantitative index of the comprehensive flexibility of hydropower units and electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t, is the quantitative index of the hydropower station's flexibility at the end of period t, is a quantitative indicator of the flexibility of electrochemical energy storage at the end of period t, △N t is the final system load deviation after adjustment during period t, is the grid load instruction during period t, is the photovoltaic output during period t, is the final output of the i-th hydropower unit in period t, P t is the electrochemical energy storage power during period t.

7. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The output allocation strategies for hydropower units include: According to the deviation between the ultra-short-term forecast output of wind and solar power and the real-time output is the wind power and photovoltaic power forecast output at the 15-minute scale during period t, The actual wind and photovoltaic output in the 15-minute period of time t is divided into the following three types of load deviation regulation requirements: (1) If the wind and solar power forecast for period t is too high, the complementary system will have an upward flexibility adjustment demand at the real-time dispatch level, requiring the hydropower units to increase their output or the energy storage batteries to discharge to supplement the power. (2) If the wind and solar power forecast for period t is too low, the complementary system will have a downward flexibility adjustment demand at the real-time dispatch level, requiring the hydropower units to reduce output or the energy storage batteries to charge and store electricity; (3) If there is no error in the wind and solar power forecast during period t, the complementary system does not need to adjust its output at the real-time scheduling level. The hydropower units generate electricity according to the output plan formulated at the intraday level, and the energy storage batteries do not charge or discharge. The charge states of electrochemical energy storage include: overcharge, high charge, normal, low charge, and over-discharge.

8. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Establish a coordinated operation strategy for hydropower and electrochemical energy storage, including: According to whether electrochemical energy storage participates in the regulation during the load deviation adjustment process and whether the hydropower unit is allowed to pass through the vibration zone, the following four operating conditions are divided. χ is the parameter indicating whether the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, where χ = 0 means the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and χ = 1 means the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone: ① Operating condition A: χ = 0, the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage does not participate in regulation: ② Operating condition B: χ = 0, the hydropower unit does not pass through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation: ③ Operating condition C: χ = 1, the hydropower unit passes through the vibration zone, and electrochemical energy storage participates in regulation: ④ Working condition D: The adjustment conditions of the above three working conditions are not met; The specific steps are: (1) Determine the load deviation adjustment requirements like Then enter the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage output increase module, if Then it enters the output reduction module of the hydropower unit and electrochemical energy storage; (2) Calculate the charge and discharge power that the electrochemical energy storage can provide during the current period; (3) Determine the initial SOC state of the electrochemical energy storage. If the SOC state is within the normal range of charge, proceed to step (4); if the SOC state is not within the normal range of charge, proceed to step (5); (4) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition A, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (5); (5) If or Then the system output is adjusted according to working condition B, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (6); (6) If or Then, the system output is adjusted according to working condition C, and the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output to complete the output adjustment of the current stage. The objective function is the optimal comprehensive flexibility of the system in the next period; otherwise, go to step (7); (7) According to the working condition D, the system output is adjusted, the output distribution plan of the hydropower unit and the electrochemical energy storage charging and discharging strategy are output, and the output adjustment of the current stage is completed. The objective function is to minimize the load deviation in the current stage.

9. The method for controlling risk of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling considering electrochemical energy storage configuration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In addition to satisfying conventional constraints on reservoirs, hydropower stations, and hydropower units, the real-time multi-energy complementary scheduling model also satisfies constraints related to electrochemical energy storage batteries: Energy balance constraints for electrochemical energy storage; in, is the electrochemical cell capacity at the beginning of period t, is the initial electrochemical cell capacity of period t-1; P t is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; ω c 、ω d are the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery respectively; Avoid battery overcharge and over-discharge constraints; The battery state of charge (SOC) is the ratio of the current battery capacity to the rated capacity. The battery state of charge (SOC) is between the maximum and minimum charge rates of the battery: SOC min ≤SOC t ≤SOC max Among them, SOC t is the state of charge of the energy storage electromagnet at the beginning of time period t, E0 is the rated capacity of the energy storage battery, SOC min , SOC max are the minimum and maximum charge rates of the energy storage battery respectively.

10. A water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling risk control system considering electrochemical energy storage configuration, characterized in that: include: The flexibility demand quantification unit is used to quantify the wind and solar power forecast deviation based on the uncertainty of wind and solar power output, and to define the degree of flexibility required by the multi-energy complementary system based on the wind and solar power forecast deviation, thereby quantifying the flexibility demand of the multi-energy complementary system; Comprehensive flexibility quantitative indicator unit, used to quantify the upward or downward adjustment flexibility supply capability of the hydropower unit based on the hydropower unit's ramping capability, initial operating status, and output limit for upward or downward adjustment; Quantify the upward or downward flexibility of electrochemical energy storage based on the charge and discharge power that the energy storage device can provide during the dispatch process, as well as the capacity and maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage device at that time; and establish a comprehensive flexibility quantitative indicator for the coordinated regulation of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage; The dispatch model construction and risk control unit are used to build a real-time multi-energy complementary dispatch model with maximum flexibility adjustment capability based on the flexibility requirements of the multi-energy complementary system and the upward or downward flexibility supply capabilities of hydropower and electrochemical energy storage. This includes: establishing a real-time multi-energy complementary dispatch model, establishing a hydropower unit output allocation strategy, classifying the charge state of electrochemical energy storage, and establishing a hydropower-electrochemical energy storage coordinated operation strategy; Realize real-time risk control of electrochemical energy storage and hydropower complementary scheduling.

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