A cable fault locating method and system based on neural network learning

CN120610112BActive Publication Date: 2026-08-28SHANDONG KUANGWEI INFORMATION TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202510948501.0
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-07-10
Publication Date
2026-08-28
Estimated Expiration
2045-07-10

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

[0003]但是,在现有的电缆故障的综合检测方面,现有的信号处理方法难以满足在强电磁干扰条件下的滤波,信号质量严重下降,影响故障识别的准确性;其次,传统的故障分类方法主要依赖人工设定的判别规则和阈值,缺乏自适应学习能力,面对新型故障模式时识别准确率较低;另外现有的定位算法未能充分利用行波信号的多维特征信息,导致在复杂故障场景下定位精度不足,特别是在多重故障并发时容易出现误判

Benefits of technology

[0015]本发明提供的一种基于神经网络学习的电缆故障定位方法及系统,通过多机制融合的数据预处理,能够在复杂电磁干扰环境下显著提升信号质量,其中LMS自适应滤波算法根据噪声统计特性动态调整滤波参数的智能化特性,能够自动适应不同工况下的干扰模式,相比传统固定参数滤波方法,信噪比提升,有效解决了电力系统中50Hz基频干扰和高频噪声同时存在的技术难题;其次,本发明通过LVDS差分输出ADC芯片实现多通道同步技术的协同作用,不仅保证了微弱故障信号的完整捕获,更重要的是实现了主芯线路和护层回路信号的时间同步采集,为后续的双端行波时差定位算法提供了高精度的时间基准,使得故障定位精度提升,相比传统单通道采集方式还提升了定位精度;本发明还进行快速小波变换算法在多分辨率分解处理中的应用,充分发挥了小波变换在时频域分析方面的优势,通过将行波信号分解为不同频带的小波系数,不仅能够有效分离故障信号中的瞬态成分和稳态成分,更能够捕获故障发生瞬间的时频特征变化规律,为统计分析算法提供了丰富的特征信息源,使得故障特征向量的维度和表征能力大幅提升;另外,本发明通过多层感知器神经网络的故障分类识别处理中的深度学习能力,通过多层非线性映射关系的建立,能够自动学习和提取故障模式的深层特征规律,相比传统基于规则的专家系统,故障分类准确率得以提升,特别是在面对新型故障模式时,神经网络的泛化能力使系统具备了持续学习和自我优化的智能特性,有效解决了传统方法依赖人工经验设定判别阈值的技术局限性;最终应用双端行波时差定位算法,实现了故障类型判别与位置定位的有机统一,通过将神经网络输出的故障类型概率分布作为加权系数对多个定位结果进行综合计算,不仅提高了定位结果的可靠性,还实现了不同故障类型下的差异化定位策略,使得系统能够根据具体故障特征选择最优的定位算法参数,显著提升了复杂故障场景下的定位准确性。

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Abstract

The application relates to the field of electrical system fault detection, and provides a cable fault positioning method and system based on neural network learning. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a cable traveling wave signal and preprocessing the cable traveling wave signal to obtain a preprocessed traveling wave signal; performing high-speed parallel collection on the preprocessed traveling wave signal to obtain multi-channel digitized traveling wave data; performing multi-resolution decomposition on the multi-channel digitized traveling wave data through a fast wavelet transform algorithm, and performing feature extraction on wavelet coefficients obtained through the decomposition to obtain a fault feature vector; performing classification and identification on the fault feature vector through a multilayer perceptron neural network, and performing fault position calculation on a classification result to obtain a fault positioning result. The application improves the precision and reliability of cable fault positioning.
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