Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a conductive substrate; forming a hole barrier layer on the conductive substrate; forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer; forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer; forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer to obtain a three-layer mesoporous device; filling the three-layer mesoporous device with a perovskite precursor solution, and performing an annealing process to obtain a blank control device; heating the blank control device to a preset temperature, spraying a perovskite post-treatment solution onto the blank control device, and drying to obtain a post-treatment device; and packaging the postprocessing device to obtain the perovskite solar cell. According to the invention, the photo-thermal stability and the production efficiency of the perovskite solar cell can be improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cell preparation, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskite solar cells has increased from 3.8% to 26.1% in just 10 years. Coupled with the potential for low-cost manufacturing of printable mesoporous perovskites, these materials hold great promise. However, the most significant challenge facing the commercialization of printable mesoporous perovskites is stability; they must withstand the long-term environmental stresses of moisture, heat, and light. In recent years, a range of materials and technologies, such as epoxy resins, butyl rubber, and polyurethane elastomers (POE), have emerged to enhance the stability of perovskites. This is primarily achieved through encapsulation, which isolates solar cells from external water and oxygen, thereby improving their stability.

[0003] The current packaging process for mesoporous perovskite solar cells uses a polymer coating on the back of the solar cell, glass covering the polymer, and butyl adhesive encapsulation around the edges. During the encapsulation process, negative pressure is used to draw water and oxygen away from the cell polymer and the glass cover. The polymer is then heated to melt, and the temperature is allowed to cool, allowing the polymer and butyl adhesive to solidify. This isolates the cell from the external water and oxygen environment, thereby improving cell stability. However, the current packaging polymer temperature is between 75-90°C, which can cause perovskite degradation. Studies have shown that primary degradation of methylamine occurs at 85°C during annealing, primarily through the decomposition of iodomethylamine into methylamine gas. During the lamination process, iodomethylamine and methylamine can escape from the packaging cavity or remain between the cell and polymer, resulting in decreased efficiency and stability issues after cell encapsulation.

[0004] The main disadvantage of the existing technology is that the efficiency of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells decreases after packaging, mainly due to the loss of fill factor and open-circuit voltage. During the packaging process, heating, lamination, and long-term operation, the perovskite is temperature-induced to decompose (mainly due to the escape of methylamine and halogen, resulting in a decrease in efficiency and stability). The current packaging process mainly focuses on the packaging structure, isolation of water and oxygen, film materials, and lamination processes to reduce the efficiency loss and stability reduction of the perovskite after packaging. For printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, starting from the perovskite active layer itself, the TiO2 / ZrO2 / C three-layer mesoporous membrane in the mesostructure is an inert inorganic material and can be stable for a long time. However, the methylamine components (methylamine iodide / methylamine chloride / methylamine bromide) in the perovskite are easily degraded to varying degrees after high-temperature lamination during the packaging process, turning from solid to gas and escaping into the air. This results in insufficient packaging and long-term stability of the battery device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the light and heat stability and production efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and reduce production costs.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0008] providing a conductive substrate;

[0009] forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate;

[0010] forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer;

[0011] forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer;

[0012] forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer to obtain a three-layer mesoporous device;

[0013] Filling the three-layer mesoporous device with a perovskite precursor solution and performing an annealing process to obtain a blank control device;

[0014] The blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, and a perovskite post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treatment device;

[0015] The post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0016] Optionally, forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate includes:

[0017] A hole blocking layer is formed on the conductive substrate by using at least one of TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO through a spray pyrolysis method.

[0018] Optionally, forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer comprises:

[0019] An electron transport layer is formed on the hole blocking layer using at least one of mesoporous TiO 2 , SnO 2 and ZnO by a screen printing method.

[0020] Optionally, forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer comprises:

[0021] A spacer layer is formed on the electron transport layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous Al2O3, ZrO2, and MgO.

[0022] Optionally, forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer includes:

[0023] An electrode layer is formed on the spacer layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous C, Au, Ag, and Al.

[0024] Optionally, the perovskite post-treatment solution is prepared by mixing a methylamine salt and a solvent, and the content of the methylamine salt is 0.01 to 20 mol / l.

[0025] Optionally, the methylamine salt is one of methylammonium iodide solution, methylammonium chloride solution, and methylammonium bromide solution.

[0026] Optionally, the solvent of the perovskite post-treatment solution is one of isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate.

[0027] Optionally, packaging the post-processing device to obtain a perovskite solar cell includes:

[0028] heating the thermoplastic film to a preset temperature;

[0029] Carry out vacuum treatment according to the preset time;

[0030] The post-processing device is laminated according to a preset time to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0032] Conductive substrate;

[0033] a hole blocking layer formed on the conductive substrate;

[0034] an electron transport layer formed on the hole blocking layer;

[0035] a spacer layer formed on the electron transport layer;

[0036] an electrode layer formed on the spacer layer;

[0037] The three-layer mesoporous device having the electrode layer is filled with a perovskite precursor solution, and the three-layer mesoporous device is subjected to an annealing process to obtain a blank control device;

[0038] The blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, and a perovskite post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treatment device;

[0039] The post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0040] The above technical solution of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0041] The above-mentioned perovskite solar cell preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps: providing a conductive substrate; forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate; forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer; forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer; forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer to obtain a three-layer mesoporous device; filling the three-layer mesoporous device with a perovskite precursor solution, performing an annealing process, and obtaining a blank control device; heating the blank control device to a preset temperature, spraying a perovskite post-treatment solution onto the blank control device and drying it to obtain a post-treatment device; and packaging the post-treatment device to obtain a perovskite solar cell. The present invention can improve the light and heat stability and production efficiency of perovskite solar cells and reduce production costs. The post-treatment material selected in the present invention is a methylamine material. By additionally supplementing methylamine, the escape of methylamine from the perovskite material is suppressed, causing the chemical equilibrium to proceed in the opposite direction of perovskite decomposition, thereby enhancing the packaging and light stability of the printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell of the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 1-conductive substrate; 2-hole blocking layer; 3-electron transport layer; 4-spacer layer; 5-electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0048] Step S1, providing a conductive substrate;

[0049] Step S2, forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate;

[0050] Step S3, forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer;

[0051] Step S4, forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer;

[0052] Step S5, forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer to obtain a three-layer mesoporous device;

[0053] Step S6, filling the three-layer mesoporous device with a perovskite precursor solution and performing an annealing process to obtain a blank control device;

[0054] Step S7, heating the blank control device to a preset temperature, spraying the perovskite post-treatment solution onto the blank control device and drying it to obtain a post-treatment device;

[0055] Step S8: packaging the post-processing device to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0056] In this embodiment, Figure 1As shown, first, a conductive substrate for making a solar cell is obtained, preferably, the conductive substrate is tin dioxide conductive glass (FTO) or indium oxide conductive glass (ITO); then a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a spacer layer and an electrode layer are prepared layer by layer on the conductive substrate, and a three-layer mesoporous device is obtained after the preparation is completed, and the perovskite active layer exists in the electron transport layer, the spacer layer and the electrode layer; thirdly, a perovskite precursor solution is prepared, and the perovskite precursor solution is a chemical solution for preparing perovskite solar cells, which is usually composed of formamidine hydroiodide, methyl iodide ammonium, cesium lead bromide and lead iodide and a solvent; these chemicals are mixed together to form a transparent solution, and then the thin film required for the perovskite solar cell is formed through evaporation and crystallization processes; the perovskite precursor solution is filled in the three-layer mesoporous device In the part, after annealing, a blank control device is obtained; annealing is a material heat treatment process, which refers to slowly heating the processing object to a certain temperature, maintaining it for a sufficient time, and then cooling it at an appropriate speed; again, the blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, preferably, heated to 30-40 degrees, and a post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treated device; post-treatment is corresponding to pre-treatment, and refers to the next step after pre-treatment, and is the step of work performed before final processing and perfection. Post-treatment refers to a method of eliminating the internal stress of the workpiece after the product is formed, adjusting its humidity or further perfecting the curing, and improving its performance; finally, the post-treated device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell, and packaging is the process of assembling the device into the final solar cell product. The perovskite material described in the present invention is an ABX3-type organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material, wherein A is one or more of methylamine, formamidine, cesium, or rubidium; B is one or more of lead or tin; and X is one or more of chloride, bromide, and iodide. The perovskite components described in the present invention are methylammonium iodide, methylammonium chloride, methylammonium bromide, and formamidine hydroiodide. The solution of the present invention effectively suppresses the decomposition of the perovskite component into methylamine gas by adding methylamine cations (MA+) to a mesoporous device (referring to a pore structure with a pore size between 2 and 50 nanometers). Using the perovskite component to treat the battery can improve the efficiency and long-term operating stability of the encapsulated battery. The process is simple and efficient, with low production costs and abundant raw materials. The stable post-processing process does not affect device preparation and has no impact on the overall mesoporous battery process.

[0057] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate includes:

[0058] In step S21 , a hole blocking layer is formed on the conductive substrate by using at least one of TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and ZnO through a spray pyrolysis method.

[0059] In this embodiment, a hole-blocking layer is prepared on a conductive substrate using at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) via spray pyrolysis. Spray pyrolysis is a method in which a metal salt solution is atomized by a spray device and then subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction in a high-temperature reactor to produce an ultrafine powder. This method primarily includes the following steps: 1. Solution atomization: The metal salt solution is atomized by a spray device into micron- or even nanometer-sized liquid particles; 2. High-temperature thermal decomposition: The atomized droplets are carried into a high-temperature reactor by a carrier gas, where the solvent rapidly evaporates, the solute precipitates to form solid particles, and the ultrafine powder is generated through a thermal decomposition reaction.

[0060] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer includes:

[0061] Step S31 : forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous TiO 2 , SnO 2 and ZnO.

[0062] In this example, an electron transport layer is formed on the hole-blocking layer using at least one of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) via screen printing. Screen printing is a method that uses a screen-perforated plate and a slurry to produce a product through doctor blade printing. Screen printing offers a simple process, high production efficiency, and low cost, making it suitable for mass production.

[0063] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer includes:

[0064] Step S41 : forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and MgO.

[0065] In this embodiment, a spacer layer is formed on the electron transport layer using at least one of mesoporous alumina (Al2O3), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and magnesium oxide (MgO) via screen printing. Screen printing is a method that uses a screen-perforated plate and slurry to produce a product through doctor blade printing. Screen printing offers a simple process, high production efficiency, and low cost, making it suitable for mass production.

[0066] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer includes:

[0067] An electrode layer is formed on the spacer layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous C, Au, Ag, and Al.

[0068] In this embodiment, an electrode layer is formed on a spacer layer using at least one of mesoporous carbon (C), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al) via screen printing. Screen printing is a method of using a screen-perforated plate and a slurry to produce a product through doctor blade printing. Screen printing offers a simple process, high production efficiency, and low cost, making it suitable for mass production.

[0069] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite post-treatment solution is prepared by mixing a methylamine salt and a solvent, and the content of the methylamine salt is 0.01 to 20 mol / l.

[0070] In this embodiment, the perovskite post-treatment solution is prepared by mixing a methylamine salt and a solvent, and the content of the methylamine salt is a preset concentration. Preferably, the preset concentration of the methylamine salt is a molar ratio of 0.01 to 20 mol / 1; post-treatment corresponds to pre-treatment, and refers to the next step after pre-treatment, which is the step before the final processing and perfection. Post-treatment mainly eliminates the internal stress of the product after it is formed, adjusts its humidity or further improves the curing, and improves its performance.

[0071] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the methylamine salt is one of methylammonium iodide solution, methylammonium chloride solution, and methylammonium bromide solution.

[0072] In this embodiment, the methylamine salt is one of methylammonium iodide solution, methylammonium chloride solution, and methylammonium bromide solution. Preferably, the concentration of methylammonium iodide in the methylammonium iodide solution is 5 mol / 1, the concentration of methylammonium chloride in the methylammonium chloride solution is 5 mol / 1, and the concentration of methylammonium bromide in the methylammonium bromide solution is 5 mol / 1.

[0073] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the solvent of the perovskite post-treatment solution is one of isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate.

[0074] In this embodiment, the solvent of the perovskite post-treatment solution is one of isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate.

[0075] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, the post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0076] Step S81, heating the thermoplastic film to a preset temperature;

[0077] Step S82, performing vacuuming according to a preset time;

[0078] Step S83 , laminating the post-processing device according to a preset time to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0079] In this embodiment, a thermoplastic film is used to encapsulate the post-processing device through a lamination process; the lamination process refers to a molding process method in which multiple layers of the same or different materials are combined as a whole under heating and pressure; first, the post-processing device is covered with a thermoplastic film and heated to a preset temperature, preferably, the preset temperature is 110 degrees; then, a vacuum treatment is performed for a preset time, preferably, the preset time is 240-360 minutes; finally, the post-processing device is laminated for a preset time, preferably, the lamination treatment time is 900 minutes, to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0080] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0081] Conductive substrate;

[0082] a hole blocking layer formed on the conductive substrate;

[0083] an electron transport layer formed on the hole blocking layer;

[0084] a spacer layer formed on the electron transport layer;

[0085] an electrode layer formed on the spacer layer;

[0086] The three-layer mesoporous device having the electrode layer is filled with a perovskite precursor solution, and the three-layer mesoporous device is subjected to an annealing process to obtain a blank control device;

[0087] The blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, and a perovskite post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treatment device;

[0088] The post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0089] Optionally, forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate includes:

[0090] A hole blocking layer is formed on the conductive substrate by using at least one of TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO through a spray pyrolysis method.

[0091] Optionally, forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer comprises:

[0092] An electron transport layer is formed on the hole blocking layer using at least one of mesoporous TiO 2 , SnO 2 and ZnO by a screen printing method.

[0093] Optionally, forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer comprises:

[0094] A spacer layer is formed on the electron transport layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous Al2O3, ZrO2, and MgO.

[0095] Optionally, forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer includes:

[0096] An electrode layer is formed on the spacer layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous C, Au, Ag, and Al.

[0097] Optionally, the perovskite post-treatment solution is prepared by mixing a methylamine salt and a solvent, and the content of the methylamine salt is 0.01 to 20 mol / l.

[0098] Optionally, the methylamine salt is one of methylammonium iodide solution, methylammonium chloride solution, and methylammonium bromide solution.

[0099] Optionally, the solvent of the perovskite post-treatment solution is one of isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate.

[0100] Optionally, packaging the post-processing device to obtain a perovskite solar cell includes:

[0101] heating the thermoplastic film to a preset temperature;

[0102] Carry out vacuum treatment according to the preset time;

[0103] The post-processing device is laminated according to a preset time to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0104] The present invention uses a perovskite post-treatment solution containing a methylamine salt to spray post-treat a blank control device. The addition of methylamine cations to the perovskite solar cell effectively inhibits the decomposition of the perovskite components into methylamine gas, improving the efficiency and long-term operational stability of the encapsulated cell. The process is simple and efficient, with low production costs and abundant raw materials. The post-treatment process is stable and does not affect device preparation or the overall mesoporous cell process.

[0105] Example 1

[0106] This embodiment 1 provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell by post-treatment with methyl ammonium iodide, comprising the following steps:

[0107] Step 101, preparing a perovskite precursor solution;

[0108] Step 102, sequentially preparing a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a spacer layer, and an electrode layer on a conductive substrate; the hole blocking layer is a dense layer of TiO2 prepared by spray pyrolysis; the electron transport layer, the spacer layer, and the electrode layer are mesoporous TiO2, mesoporous ZrO2, and mesoporous C layers, respectively, prepared layer by layer by screen printing;

[0109] Step 103 , filling the three-layer mesoporous membrane structure with a perovskite precursor solution, waiting for the device annealing to be completed, and preparing a blank control device.

[0110] Step 104: prepare a post-treatment solution with a concentration of 5 mol / l by combining methyl ammonium iodide and a solvent. Heat the device to 30-40° C., spray the post-treatment solution onto the device, and wait for the device to dry and the solvent to evaporate completely.

[0111] Step 105: Lamination process using thermoplastic film, 110°C packaging temperature, vacuuming time of 240-360 minutes, lamination time of 900 minutes. After packaging is completed, remove the device and cool it to room temperature.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] This embodiment 2 provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell by post-treatment with methylammonium chloride, comprising the following steps:

[0114] Step 201, preparing a perovskite precursor solution;

[0115] Step 202, sequentially preparing a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a spacer layer, and an electrode layer on a conductive substrate; the hole blocking layer is a dense layer of TiO2 prepared by spray pyrolysis; the electron transport layer, the spacer layer, and the electrode layer are mesoporous TiO2, mesoporous ZrO2, and a mesoporous C layer, respectively, prepared layer by layer by screen printing;

[0116] Step 203 , filling the three-layer mesoporous membrane structure with a perovskite precursor solution, waiting for the device annealing to be completed, and preparing a blank control device.

[0117] Step 204: Prepare a post-treatment solution with a concentration of 5 mol / l by combining methylammonium chloride and a solvent. Heat the device to 30-40° C., spray the post-treatment solution onto the device, and wait for the device to dry and the solvent to evaporate completely.

[0118] Step 205: Lamination process uses thermoplastic film, 110°C packaging temperature, vacuuming time of 240-360 minutes, and lamination time of 900 minutes. After packaging is completed, remove the device and cool it to room temperature.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] This embodiment 3 provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell by post-treatment with methyl ammonium bromide, comprising the following steps:

[0121] Step 301, preparing a perovskite precursor solution;

[0122] Step 302: sequentially preparing a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a spacer layer, and an electrode layer on a conductive substrate; the hole blocking layer is a dense layer of TiO2 prepared by spray pyrolysis; the electron transport layer, the spacer layer, and the electrode layer are mesoporous TiO2, mesoporous ZrO2, and a mesoporous C layer, respectively, prepared layer by layer by screen printing;

[0123] Step 303 , filling the three-layer mesoporous membrane structure with a perovskite precursor solution, waiting for the device annealing to be completed, and preparing a blank control device.

[0124] Step 304: Prepare a post-treatment solution by combining methyl ammonium bromide and a solvent with a concentration of 5 mol / l. Heat the device to 30-40° C., spray the post-treatment solution onto the device, and wait for the device to dry and the solvent to evaporate completely.

[0125] Step 305: Lamination process uses thermoplastic film, 110°C packaging temperature, vacuuming time of 240-360 minutes, and lamination time of 900 minutes. After packaging is completed, remove the device and cool it to room temperature.

[0126] Comparative Example 1

[0127] This comparative example 1 provides a method for preparing a solar cell without post-processing and encapsulation of a perovskite component, comprising the following steps:

[0128] Step 401, preparing a perovskite precursor solution;

[0129] Step 402: sequentially preparing a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a spacer layer, and an electrode layer on the conductive glass; the hole blocking layer is a dense layer of TiO2; the electron transport layer, the spacer layer, and the electrode layer are mesoporous TiO2, mesoporous ZrO2, and a mesoporous C layer, respectively, and are prepared layer by layer by printing;

[0130] Step 403 , filling the three-layer mesoporous membrane structure with a perovskite precursor solution, waiting for the device annealing to be completed, and preparing a blank control device.

[0131] Step 404: Lamination process using thermoplastic film, 110°C packaging temperature, vacuuming time of 240-360 minutes, lamination time of 900 minutes. After packaging is complete, remove the device and cool to room temperature.

[0132] The solar cell obtained in Comparative Example 1 was subjected to an AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2Under the test conditions of simulating sunlight, the blank control device was packaged and then subjected to JV curve test. The short-circuit current of the packaged device was 24.35 mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.06V, the fill factor is 57.7%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 14.89%. The blank device obtained by comparative example 1 was placed in an oven at 85°C for 72 hours and then taken out and cooled to room temperature. AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2 Simulating sunlight light source test, the short-circuit current of the device after heating is 21.53mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.04V, the fill factor is 55.41%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 12.4%.

[0133] The solar cell obtained in Example 1 was subjected to an AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2 Under the test conditions of simulating sunlight, the blank control device was packaged and then subjected to JV curve test. The short-circuit current of the packaged device was 23.37 mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.08V, the fill factor is 64.69%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 16.84%. The blank device obtained in Example 1 was placed in an oven at 85°C for 72 hours, then taken out and cooled to room temperature. AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2 Simulating sunlight light source test, the short-circuit current of the device after heating is 21.49mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.1V, the fill factor is 71.2%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 16.84%.

[0134] The solar cell obtained in Example 2 was subjected to an AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2 Under the test conditions of simulating sunlight, the blank control device was packaged and then subjected to JV curve test. The short-circuit current of the packaged device was 25.119 mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.079V, the fill factor is 63.38%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 17.19%. The blank device obtained in Example 2 was placed in an oven at 85°C for 72 hours and then taken out and cooled to room temperature. 2 Simulating sunlight light source test, the short-circuit current of the device after heating is 23.06mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.12V, the fill factor is 64.23%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 16.05%.

[0135] The solar cell obtained in Example 3 was subjected to an AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2Under the test conditions of simulating sunlight, the blank control device was packaged and then subjected to JV curve test. The short-circuit current of the packaged device was 23.22 mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.08V, the fill factor is 62.77%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 15.74%. The blank device obtained in Example 3 was placed in an oven at 85°C for 72 hours, then taken out and cooled to room temperature. AM 1.5G 100mW·cm- 2 Simulating sunlight light source test, the short-circuit current of the device after heating is 22.4mA / cm 2 , the open circuit voltage is 1.12V, the fill factor is 63.96%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 16.05%.

[0136] The difference between Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 is that: in the preparation process of Comparative Example 1, the blank control device is not sprayed and dried with a methylamine salt post-treatment solution, while Examples 1 to 3 add a step of spraying and drying the blank control device with a methylamine salt post-treatment solution during the preparation process; under the same experimental conditions, the photoelectric performance of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 was tested. The test results after packaging are shown in Table 1, and the test results after drying at 85 degrees for 72 hours are shown in Table 2.

[0137] Table 1 Comparison of photoelectric performance test results after packaging

[0138] Serial number Open circuit voltage Short-circuit current Fill Factor Photoelectric conversion efficiency Comparative Example 1 1.06 24.35 57.7 14.89 Example 1 1.08 23.37 64.69 16.84 Example 2 1.079 25.119 63.38 17.19 Example 3 1.08 23.22 62.77 15.74

[0139] Table 2 Comparison of photoelectric performance test results after drying at 85 degrees for 72 hours

[0140] Serial number Open circuit voltage Short-circuit current Fill Factor Photoelectric conversion efficiency Comparative Example 1 1.04 21.53 55.41 12.4 Example 1 1.1 21.49 71.2 16.84 Example 2 1.12 23.06 64.23 16.05 Example 3 1.12 22.4 63.96 16.05

[0141] Among the comparative test indicators, open-circuit voltage refers to the output voltage of a solar cell when its terminals are open-circuited under standard light illumination. Open-circuit voltage is one of the key parameters for evaluating solar cell performance. A higher open-circuit voltage means the cell can maintain a higher voltage in the open-circuit state, which is of great significance for improving the output power and energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. Short-circuit current refers to the current flowing through the cell when the voltage across the cell is zero under standard light illumination. Short-circuit current is a key parameter for solar cell performance, directly reflecting the maximum output current of the cell under illumination conditions. Fill factor is the ratio of the product of the current and voltage at the cell's maximum output power to the product of the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage. Fill factor is a key parameter for evaluating the output characteristics of a solar cell. A higher fill factor indicates that the output characteristics of the solar cell are closer to a rectangle and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is higher. Photoelectric conversion efficiency refers to the ratio at which a solar cell converts solar energy into electrical energy. A higher photoelectric conversion efficiency means that the solar cell generates more electricity, meaning that under the same lighting conditions, high-efficiency solar cells can generate more electricity, thereby reducing power generation costs.

[0142] As for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that after packaging, the open circuit voltage of Example 1 is slightly higher and the short circuit current is slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current between the two examples are not much different. The fill factor of Example 1 is significantly increased by 12% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also significantly increased by 13.1%. This shows that after packaging, under the same lighting conditions, Example 1 can generate 13.1% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the power generation cost; It can be seen from Table 2 that after drying at 85 degrees for 72 hours, the open circuit voltage of Comparative Example 1 decreases, while the open circuit voltage of Example 1 increases. The short circuit currents of both examples decrease after drying. The fill factor of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, and the implementation The filling factor of Example 1 is greatly improved. The filling factor of Example 1 after drying is 28.5% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1 remains unchanged. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1 after drying is 35.8% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. This shows that after drying, under the same lighting conditions, Example 1 can generate 35.8% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the cost of power generation. This shows that spraying the blank control device with a methyl iodide ammonium post-treatment solution can effectively inhibit the decomposition of the perovskite component into methylamine gas during the high-temperature packaging process, reduce defects at the interface, increase the stability of the solar cell, and greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0143] As for Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that after packaging, the open circuit voltage of Example 2 is slightly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the short circuit current is slightly higher. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current between the two examples are not much different. The fill factor of Example 2 is significantly increased by 9.8% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also significantly increased by 15.4%. This shows that after packaging, under the same lighting conditions, Example 2 can generate 15.4% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the power generation cost; It can be seen from Table 2 that after drying at 85 degrees for 72 hours, the open circuit voltage of Comparative Example 1 decreases, while the open circuit voltage of Example 2 increases. The short circuit currents of both examples decrease after drying. The fill factor of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, and the embodiment 2 decreases. The filling factor of Example 2 is greatly improved. The filling factor of Example 2 after drying is 16.1% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 2 decreases slightly. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 2 after drying is 29.4% higher than that of Comparative Example 1, which means that after drying, under the same lighting conditions, Example 2 can generate 29.4% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the cost of power generation. This shows that spraying the blank control device with a methylamine chloride post-treatment solution can effectively inhibit the decomposition of the perovskite component into methylamine gas during the high-temperature packaging process, reduce defects at the interface, increase the stability of the solar cell, and greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0144] As for Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that after packaging, the open circuit voltage of Example 3 is slightly higher and the short circuit current is slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current between the two examples are not much different. The fill factor of Example 3 is significantly increased by 8.8% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also significantly increased by 5.7%. This shows that after packaging, under the same lighting conditions, Example 3 can generate 5.7% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the power generation cost; It can be seen from Table 2 that after drying at 85 degrees for 72 hours, the open circuit voltage of Comparative Example 1 decreases, while the open circuit voltage of Example 3 increases. The short circuit currents of both examples decrease after drying. The fill factor of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, and the embodiment 3 decreases. The filling factor of Example 3 is greatly improved. The filling factor of Example 3 after drying is 15.4% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Comparative Example 1 decreases after drying, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 3 is slightly improved. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 3 after drying is 29.4% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. This shows that after drying, under the same lighting conditions, Example 3 can generate 29.4% more electricity than Comparative Example 1, thereby reducing the power generation cost. This shows that spraying the blank control device with a methyl ammonium bromide post-treatment solution can effectively inhibit the decomposition of the perovskite component into methylamine gas during the high-temperature packaging process, reduce defects at the interface, increase the stability of the solar cell, and greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0145] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific implementation," or "some implementations" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Throughout this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0146] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: providing a conductive substrate; forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate; forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer; forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer; forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer to obtain a three-layer mesoporous device; Filling the three-layer mesoporous device with a perovskite precursor solution and performing an annealing process to obtain a blank control device; The blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, and a perovskite post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treatment device; The post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

2. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: Forming a hole blocking layer on the conductive substrate, comprising: A hole blocking layer is formed on the conductive substrate by using at least one of TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO through a spray pyrolysis method.

3. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: forming an electron transport layer on the hole blocking layer, comprising: An electron transport layer is formed on the hole blocking layer using at least one of mesoporous TiO 2 , SnO 2 and ZnO by a screen printing method.

4. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, wherein: forming a spacer layer on the electron transport layer, comprising: A spacer layer is formed on the electron transport layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous Al2O3, ZrO2, and MgO.

5. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, wherein: forming an electrode layer on the spacer layer, comprising: An electrode layer is formed on the spacer layer by screen printing using at least one of mesoporous C, Au, Ag, and Al.

6. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The perovskite post-treatment solution is prepared by mixing a methylamine salt and a solvent, and the content of the methylamine salt is 0.01-20 mol / l.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The methylamine salt is one of methylammonium iodide solution, methylammonium chloride solution and methylammonium bromide solution.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The solvent of the perovskite post-treatment solution is one of isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The post-processing device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell, comprising: heating the thermoplastic film to a preset temperature; Carry out vacuum treatment according to the preset time; The post-processing device is laminated according to a preset time to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: Conductive substrate; a hole blocking layer formed on the conductive substrate; an electron transport layer formed on the hole blocking layer; a spacer layer formed on the electron transport layer; an electrode layer formed on the spacer layer; Among them, the three-layer mesoporous device with the electrode layer is filled with a perovskite precursor solution. After the three-layer mesoporous device is subjected to an annealing process, a blank control device is obtained; the blank control device is heated to a preset temperature, and a perovskite post-treatment solution is sprayed onto the blank control device and dried to obtain a post-treatment device; the post-treatment device is packaged to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

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