Vacuum manufacturing device and method for particle reinforced zinc-based composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum manufacturing device and method for a particle reinforced zinc-based composite material. The device comprises a high-temperature heating cavity, a vacuum generating device; the ultrafast laser emitting device comprises an ultrafast laser used for emitting ultrafast laser; the light path system is used for modulating, filtering and shaping the laser emitted by the laser; the modulated ultrafast laser acts on the particle reinforced zinc-based composite solution through the laser probe; the electromagnetic wave generating device is used for generating high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the generated high-frequency electromagnetic waves act in the solution; and the industrial personal computer is electrically connected with the vacuum generating device, the ultrafast laser emitting device and the electromagnetic wave generating device. The advantages of interface modification, mass transfer enhancement, interface wettability enhancement, mechanical enhancement, few reaction impurities and the like can be achieved through the coupling effect of ultrafast laser and electromagnetic waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafast laser processing, and in particular relates to a vacuum manufacturing device and method for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials. Background Art

[0002] High-aluminum-zinc-based alloys have low melting points, low energy consumption, low cost, and easy forming, making them suitable for a variety of casting methods. However, they suffer from poor creep resistance, low high-temperature resistance, poor dimensional stability, and unsatisfactory wear resistance under heavy loads. To improve the performance of high-aluminum-zinc-based alloys, a composite process has been developed to introduce reinforcing phases such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, and silicon particles into high-aluminum-zinc-based alloys through dispersion strengthening and particle strengthening. This has resulted in particle-reinforced high-aluminum-zinc-based composites, which improve dimensional stability and wear resistance under heavy loads, potentially unlocking the potential for high-aluminum-zinc-based alloys.

[0003] Generally, particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials are manufactured according to the basic characteristics of different manufacturing methods, starting from the physical morphology of the reinforcement phase and the matrix alloy during the manufacturing process. The mechanical manufacturing methods commonly used in the manufacturing of zinc-based composite materials are: powder metallurgy, stirring casting, pressure infiltration, and spray deposition. These four methods often encounter interface compatibility issues between the reinforcement and the matrix, such as interface wettability and interface reaction, which will affect the organization and performance of the composite material. In addition, since the added reinforcements themselves are particles with a large specific surface area, their surfaces are easily oxidized or adsorbed with impurities, resulting in low interface bonding strength between the matrix and the reinforcement and uneven distribution of the reinforcement. Even if the reinforcement particles are subjected to complex pretreatment or activation elements are added to the matrix, it is difficult to completely eliminate the above defects. This greatly weakens the strengthening effect of the reinforcement on the matrix and also limits the application range of metal-based composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a vacuum manufacturing device and method for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, which can achieve the advantages of interface modification, mass transfer enhancement, interface wettability enhancement, mechanical strengthening, and less reaction impurities.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a vacuum manufacturing apparatus for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, comprising:

[0007] A high-temperature heating chamber, wherein the high-temperature heating chamber is used to accommodate the reinforcing particles and the matrix material, and to heat the matrix material to form a molten matrix solution, wherein the reinforcing particles are added to the matrix solution;

[0008] A vacuum generating device, the vacuum generating device is used to evacuate the high-temperature heating chamber;

[0009] An electromagnetic wave generating device, used to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves, wherein the generated high-frequency electromagnetic waves act on the reinforcing particles and the matrix solution to promote uniform dispersion of the reinforcing particles in the matrix solution;

[0010] Ultrafast laser generating device, including:

[0011] Ultrafast laser, used for emitting ultrafast laser;

[0012] An optical system for modulating, filtering and shaping the ultrafast laser;

[0013] A laser probe, wherein the modulated, filtered and shaped ultrafast laser acts on the reinforcing particles and the matrix solution through the laser probe, thereby promoting the reinforcing particles to be further embedded in the matrix solution and simultaneously performing impact strengthening on the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material;

[0014] An industrial computer is electrically connected to the vacuum generating device, the ultrafast laser emitting device and the electromagnetic wave generating device.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor and detect the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity in real time, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity. The temperature sensor and pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the industrial control machine, and feedback adjustment is formed through an algorithm to keep the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity at a constant value and the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity in a vacuum state.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor and detect the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity in real time, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor and detect the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity in real time. The temperature sensor and pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the industrial control machine, and feedback adjustment is formed through an algorithm to keep the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity at a constant value and the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity in a vacuum state.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a real-time online monitoring and detection device, which is used to monitor the surface conditions of the laser action area. The real-time online monitoring and detection device includes a pulse generator, a holographic camera and a spectrum analyzer. The pulse generator is used to emit stress waves into the laser action area, and carry surface information after reflection and diffuse scattering in the laser action area. The stress wave signal carrying surface information is received by the stress wave sensor in the holographic camera, and the information received by the stress wave sensor is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer for processing. After processing by the spectrum analyzer, it is sent to the industrial computer for processing and display of the monitoring signal.

[0018] The optical path system also includes a flip mirror and a lens. The ultrafast laser is modulated, shaped, and filtered, then reflected by the flip mirror and passed through the lens to reach a spectrum analyzer for processing. The laser processed by the spectrum analyzer is then transmitted to an industrial computer, which receives the signal and adjusts the laser parameters of the laser based on a feedback adjustment algorithm.

[0019] Furthermore, the high-temperature heating cavity includes a resistance furnace, refractory bricks and a crucible, the refractory bricks are located in the resistance furnace, the crucible is located on the refractory bricks, the resistance furnace is used to heat the crucible, the zinc-based composite material is located in the crucible and is formed into a solution by heating, and the reinforcing particles are added to the solution.

[0020] Furthermore, the wavelength of the ultrafast laser is 800 nm, the pulse width is 120 fs, the maximum repetition frequency is 250 kHz, and the maximum pulse energy is 6 μJ.

[0021] Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave generating device includes a high-voltage rectifier, a transformer and a magnetron. The working circuit generates a high-voltage current on the high-voltage winding through the transformer. The high-voltage current flows through the high-voltage rectifier and then flows to the cathode of the magnetron and acts on the cathode of the magnetron to provide it with an electron flow rushing to the anode, thereby forming a high-frequency electromagnetic wave and acting on the solution.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a vacuum manufacturing method for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, based on the manufacturing device, comprising the steps of:

[0023] drying and grinding the reinforcement particles to obtain powder reinforcement particles;

[0024] A matrix solution is prepared by heating a matrix material, and powder reinforcement particles are added to the matrix solution;

[0025] The vacuum device is started to vacuum the cavity so as to maintain a vacuum state, and the heating temperature of the resistance furnace is adjusted so that the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity is constant. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are used to perform real-time detection and feedback adjustment so that the temperature of the high-temperature heating cavity is stably maintained at a constant value and the pressure is always maintained in a vacuum state;

[0026] The laser probe of the ultrafast laser generator is used to measure and locate the location to be irradiated, and then the electromagnetic wave generator is activated to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves and act on the matrix solution to disperse the reinforcing particles in the matrix solution;

[0027] Starting the ultrafast laser generator to emit ultrafast laser to irradiate the part to be irradiated, thereby promoting the embedding of the reinforcing particles into the matrix solution;

[0028] The solution is cooled and solidified to form a particle-reinforced zinc-based composite solid, and ultrafast laser is used to impact strengthen the irradiated area to improve the mechanical properties.

[0029] Furthermore, while the ultrafast laser acts on the solution through the laser probe, it is transmitted to the spectrometer after passing through the flip mirror and lens. After being processed by the spectrometer, it is sent to the industrial computer, which adjusts the laser's process parameters based on algorithm feedback.

[0030] Furthermore, the steps include:

[0031] The pulse generator emits stress waves into the laser action area, and after being reflected and diffusely scattered by the laser action area, the stress waves carrying surface information are received by the stress wave sensor attached to the holographic camera.

[0032] The holographic camera transmits the received wave signal to the spectrum analyzer for processing and then sends it to the industrial computer. The detector set inside the industrial computer processes the wave signal to obtain whether there is particle agglomeration on the surface of the melt and its occurrence.

[0033] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0034] (1) The present invention uses the vibration of electromagnetic waves to make the particle dispersion more uniform and the heating impact of ultrafast laser to increase the interface wettability, thereby promoting the better embedding of reinforced particles into the matrix. At the same time, the solidified particle reinforcement material is impact strengthened. The coupling effect of the two ultimately obtains a particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material with more uniform particle dispersion and better mechanical properties.

[0035] (2) Interface modification: The high-frequency electromagnetic waves impact the solid surface, prompting the particles to quickly peel off and disperse evenly, thereby inhibiting high-temperature agglomeration;

[0036] (3) Mass transfer enhancement: The acoustic streaming effect generated by high-frequency electromagnetic waves induces a circulation that continuously renews the interface contact, increasing the reaction surface area. At the same time, combined with the cavitation thermal effect, it maintains the reaction kinetic advantage in the middle and late stages.

[0037] (4) Enhanced interface wettability: The instantaneous thermal interaction between high-energy pulsed laser and the surface of the material generates strain and stress fields on the solid surface through the thermoelastic effect (in a few cases, the thermal corrosion effect), causing the particles to fluctuate, and then generating ultrasonic waves inside the object, thereby promoting ultrasonic oscillation of the enhanced particles. Finally, the wettability between the enhanced particles and the zinc alloy matrix is ​​achieved, and the interface reaction ability between the particles and the zinc alloy composite matrix is ​​increased, so that the enhanced particles can be better dissolved into the zinc-based composite material.

[0038] (5) Mechanical strengthening: Ultrafast laser can not only strengthen the particle reinforced zinc-based composites by warm laser impact, but also improve the strength and ductility of the particle reinforced zinc-based composites. More importantly, it can embed low-dimensional carbon nanoparticles into the zinc alloy matrix to a large extent, thereby greatly improving the mechanical properties of the composites and reducing the generation of pores.

[0039] (6) Fewer reaction impurities: The vacuum-assisted device can evacuate the interface of the reinforced particles with less mixing of other impurities, thereby reducing interface reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum manufacturing device for particle reinforced zinc-based composite materials;

[0042] Figure 2 It is the principle block diagram of the online monitoring device;

[0043] Figure 3 This is the principle block diagram of pressure control;

[0044] Figure 4 This is the principle block diagram of temperature control;

[0045] Figure 5 This is the principle block diagram of the ultrafast laser generating device.

[0046] The symbols in the accompanying drawings represent the following:

[0047] 1-Industrial computer, 2-Ultrafast laser, 3-Laser reflector, 4-Wave plate, 5-Polarization beam splitter, 6-Spatial light modulator, 7-Lens, 8-Laser reflector, 9-Spatial filter, 10-Laser reflector, 11-Lens, 12-Electric flip mirror, 13-Lens, 14-Spectrometer, 15-Reflector, 16-Laser probe, 17-Holographic camera, 18-Vacuum pump, 19-High voltage regulator, 20-Transformer, 21-Magnetron, 22-Crucible, 23-Resistance furnace, 24-Pulse generator, 25-Refractory brick, 26-Temperature sensor, 27-Pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, including a high-temperature heating cavity, a vacuum generating device, an ultrafast laser generating device, an electromagnetic wave generating device and an industrial control computer.

[0050] The high-temperature heating chamber includes a resistance furnace 23, refractory bricks 25, and a crucible 22. During the material preparation process, carbon nanoparticles and Al2O3 are placed in an oven for drying, then kept warm to remove water and ground into a powder to produce powdered reinforcement particles. Crucible 22 is then placed on refractory bricks 25, and a ZA27 zinc-based composite material is placed into the crucible. The material is heated to a certain temperature in the resistance furnace 23. A ZA27 zinc-based aluminum alloy melt is obtained through refining and stabilization steps. The reinforcement particles are then added to the zinc-based aluminum alloy melt.

[0051] It should be noted that the reinforcing particles are not limited to carbon nanoparticles and Al2O3, but may also be other reinforcing particles well known in the art. The matrix material is also not limited to ZA27 zinc-based composite material. ZA27 zinc-based composite material is only used as a specific example.

[0052] The vacuum generating device 17 is used to evacuate the high-temperature heating chamber. The vacuum generating device 17 is electrically connected to the industrial computer 1. When preparing materials, the industrial computer 1 controls the operation of the vacuum generating device 17 to ensure that the chamber is always in a vacuum state during the reaction process.

[0053] Since the added reinforcements themselves are particles with a large specific surface area, their surfaces are easily oxidized or adsorbed with impurities, resulting in low interfacial bonding strength between the matrix and the reinforcement and uneven distribution of the reinforcement. This greatly weakens the strengthening effect of the reinforcement on the matrix and limits the application range of metal-based composite materials. The resistance furnace 23 in the device of the present invention is in a vacuum state, and the entire reaction is carried out in a vacuum state, so that the reinforcement particles are dissolved in the zinc alloy composite matrix to avoid the generation of impurities due to other chemical reactions caused by gases in the air, while also reducing the presence of pores.

[0054] The electromagnetic wave generating device includes a magnetron 21, which is used to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The magnetron 21 is inserted into the high-temperature heating cavity. The high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the magnetron 21 act on the zinc-based composite material solution. The electromagnetic wave generating device includes a high-voltage rectifier 19, a transformer 20, and the magnetron 21. The laser probe of the ultrafast laser is used to measure and accurately locate the location to be irradiated. At the same time, the magnetron 12 is placed in the tongs pot and positioned above the solution. The working circuit generates a high-voltage current of approximately 2000V on the high-voltage winding through the transformer 20. This high-voltage current flows through the high-voltage rectifier 19 and is rectified by the rectifier circuit. After flowing to the cathode of the magnetron 21, it acts on the cathode of the magnetron 21 to provide an electron flow to the anode, thereby forming a high-frequency electromagnetic wave of over 2000 MHz in the resonant cavity and acting on the solution. The high-frequency electromagnetic waves impact the solid surface, prompting the particles to quickly peel off and evenly disperse, thereby inhibiting high-temperature agglomeration; the acoustic streaming effect generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic waves induces circulation to continuously renew the interface contact, increase the reaction surface area, and at the same time combine with the cavitation thermal effect to maintain the reaction kinetics advantage in the middle and late stages.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the ultrafast laser generating device includes an ultrafast laser 2, an optical path system, and a laser probe 16. The ultrafast laser 2 is used to emit ultrafast laser light; the optical path system is used to modulate, filter, and shape the laser light emitted by the laser 2; and the laser probe 16 is used to apply the modulated, filtered, and shaped ultrafast laser light to the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite solution.

[0056] The ultrafast laser preferably has a wavelength of 800 nm, a pulse width of 120 fs, a maximum repetition frequency of 250 kHz, and a maximum pulse energy of 6 μJ.

[0057] The present invention utilizes the instantaneous thermal interaction between ultrafast laser high-energy pulse laser and the surface of the material to generate strain and stress fields on the solid surface through the thermoelastic effect (in a few cases, the thermal corrosion effect), causing the particles to fluctuate, and then generating ultrasonic waves inside the object, thereby prompting the reinforced particles to undergo ultrasonic oscillations. Finally, the wettability between the reinforced particles and the zinc alloy matrix is ​​achieved, and the interfacial reaction ability between the particles and the zinc alloy composite matrix is ​​increased, so that the reinforced particles can be better dissolved into the zinc-based composite material.

[0058] In addition, the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material solid prepared by the device and method provided by the present invention can not only enable warm laser impact strengthening of the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material, but also improve the strength and ductility of the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material. More importantly, it can embed low-dimensional carbon nanoparticles into the zinc alloy matrix to a large extent, thereby greatly improving the mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0059] The optical path system includes a first reflector 3, a wave plate 4, a polarization beam splitter 5, a spatial light modulator 6 and a 4F optical information processing system. The ultrafast laser emitted by the laser 2 is reflected by the first reflector 3 and enters the wave plate 4 and the polarization beam splitter 5. The energy of the laser is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the wave plate 4. After passing through the polarization beam splitter 5, the ultrafast laser enters the spatial light modulator 6 for modulation to form a high-speed, short-pulse ultrafast laser beam. After the ultrafast laser beam passes through the 4F optical information processing system to filter the zero-order light, the ultrafast laser beam is emitted through the reflector 15 and the laser probe 16 to act on the aluminum alloy composite material melt.

[0060] The optical path system also includes a flip mirror 12 and a lens 13. After being filtered by the 4F optical information processing system, the ultrafast laser beam partially passes through the flip mirror 12 to reach the laser probe 16 and acts on the surface of the solution. The other part is reflected by the flip mirror 12 and enters the spectrometer 14 through the lens 13. The spectrometer 14 processes and transmits the signal to the industrial computer 1. The industrial computer 1 receives the optical signal and adjusts the ultrafast laser parameters in real time based on the algorithm, so that the ultrafast laser is irradiated on the surface of the solution with the optimal parameter values. The ultrafast laser 2 is turned on. The laser light emitted by the ultrafast laser 2 is irradiated onto the zinc-based composite material system melt after a series of shaping. The corresponding optimized process parameters are used for ultrafast laser shock until the reinforcing particles can be ideally embedded in the zinc-based composite material system.

[0061] The 4F optical information processing system includes a lens 7, a laser reflection mirror 8, a spatial filter 9, a laser reflection mirror 10 and a lens 11. The lens 7, the lens 9 and the lens 11 are plano-convex lenses of F500, F500 and F300 respectively.

[0062] An industrial computer 1 is electrically connected to the vacuum generating device, the ultrafast laser emitting device, and the electromagnetic wave generating device, and is used to control the actions of the vacuum generating device, the ultrafast laser emitting device, and the electromagnetic wave generating device according to a preset process algorithm. At the same time, the industrial computer 1 can also be electrically connected to the resistance furnace 23 in the high-temperature heating chamber to control the heating temperature of the resistance furnace 23.

[0063] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials further includes a temperature sensor 26 and a pressure sensor 27. The temperature sensor 26 is used to detect the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity, and the pressure sensor 27 is used to detect the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity. The temperature sensor 26 and the pressure sensor 27 are both electrically connected to the industrial computer 1, and feedback adjustment is formed through an algorithm to keep the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity at a constant value and the pressure in the high-temperature heating cavity in a vacuum state.

[0064] Specifically, the temperature sensor 26 monitors the temperature within the high-temperature heating chamber in real time. When the temperature is higher or lower than a set value, the industrial computer 1 controls the heating temperature of the resistance furnace 23 to maintain the temperature within the high-temperature heating chamber at a constant value. The pressure sensor 26 monitors the pressure value within the high-temperature heating chamber in real time. When the pressure value is greater than zero, the industrial computer 1 controls the vacuum device to evacuate the high-temperature heating chamber.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the vacuum manufacturing device of the particle reinforced zinc-based composite material also includes an online monitoring device, which is used to monitor the surface strength and damage of the laser action area and the particle agglomeration during the reaction process. The online monitoring device includes a pulse generator 24 and a holographic camera 17. The pulse generator 24 is used to emit stress waves into the laser action area, and after reflection and diffuse scattering in the laser action area, the stress waves carry surface information and are received by the stress wave sensor attached to the holographic camera 17. The fluctuation signal is processed by the spectrometer 14 and sent to the industrial computer 1. The detector set inside the industrial computer 1 processes the fluctuation signal to obtain the particle agglomeration and the surface strength and damage of the particle reinforced zinc-based composite material obtained after curing.

[0066] The present invention also provides a vacuum manufacturing method for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, comprising the steps of:

[0067] S1. Drying and grinding the reinforcement particles to obtain powder reinforcement particles; as a specific embodiment, the carbon nanoparticles and Al2O3 are placed in an oven for drying, and then ground into powder after heat preservation and dehydration to obtain powder reinforcement particles.

[0068] S2. preparing a zinc-based aluminum alloy solution by heating the zinc-based composite material, adding powder reinforcement particles to the zinc-based aluminum alloy solution, and placing the zinc-based aluminum alloy solution into a high-temperature heating chamber;

[0069] As a specific embodiment, a crucible 22 is placed on refractory bricks 25 and a ZA27 zinc-based composite material is placed in the crucible 22. The crucible is then heated to a certain temperature in a resistance furnace 23 and subjected to steps such as refining and stabilization to obtain a ZA27 zinc-based aluminum alloy melt. Carbon nanoparticles and Al2O3 powder reinforcement particles are then added to the ZA27 zinc-based aluminum alloy melt.

[0070] S3. The temperature of the resistance furnace 23 is adjusted to a certain value, and the system temperature is maintained at a constant value while being adjusted by the temperature sensor 26. At the same time, the system is evacuated, and the pressure of the system is always maintained in a vacuum state while being adjusted by the pressure sensor 27.

[0071] S4. The laser probe of the ultrafast laser generator 2 is used to measure and locate the part to be irradiated, and then the electromagnetic wave generating device is started to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves and act on the solution. The laser probe of the ultrafast laser is used to measure and locate the part to be irradiated, and at the same time, the magnetron 21 is placed in the cavity. The working circuit generates a high-voltage current of about 2000V on the high-voltage winding through the transformer. The high-voltage current flows through the high-voltage rectification circuit and flows to the cathode of the magnetron 21 after rectification. The cathode of the magnetron provides an electron flow to the anode, thereby forming a high-frequency electromagnetic wave of more than 2000 MHz in the resonant cavity and acting on the melt.

[0072] S5. The ultrafast laser generator is activated to emit ultrafast laser light to the target area, promoting the embedding of the reinforcing particles into the matrix solution. The ultrafast laser light is applied to the solution through the laser probe, and then transmitted through the flip mirror 12 and lens 13 to the spectrum analyzer 14. After being processed by the spectrum analyzer 14, it is sent to the industrial computer 1. The industrial computer 1 adjusts the laser process parameters based on algorithm feedback.

[0073] It should be noted that the electromagnetic waves and ultrafast lasers in the present invention can operate simultaneously or sequentially, but for optimal coupling, their simultaneous application is preferred. The high-frequency electromagnetic waves promote particle dispersion in the matrix solution through vibration, while the ultrafast laser radiation acts on the solution, promoting particle embedding into the matrix and enhancing wettability and reactivity at the interface.

[0074] S6. Cooling and solidifying the solution to form a particle-reinforced zinc-based composite solid, while continuing to use ultrafast laser to impact strengthen the irradiated area to improve its mechanical properties.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, the vacuum manufacturing method of the particle reinforced zinc-based composite material further includes the following steps:

[0076] The pulse generator 24 emits stress waves into the laser action area, and after being reflected and diffusely scattered by the laser action area, the stress waves carrying surface information are received by the stress wave sensor 26 attached to the holographic camera 17;

[0077] The holographic camera 17 transmits the received fluctuation signal to the spectrum analyzer for processing and then sends it to the industrial computer 1. The detector set inside the industrial computer processes the fluctuation signal to determine whether there is particle agglomeration on the surface of the melt.

[0078] The vacuum manufacturing method further includes the following steps: a portion of the ultrafast laser is processed by the optical path system and enters the laser probe, another portion is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer after passing through the flip mirror 12 and the lens 13, and then is processed by the spectrum analyzer 14 and sent to the industrial computer 1. The industrial computer 1 adjusts the process parameters of the laser 2 based on algorithm feedback.

[0079] The vacuum manufacturing device and method of the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material provided by the present invention have the following advantages: interface modification: due to the impact of high-frequency electromagnetic waves on the solid surface, the particles are quickly peeled off and evenly dispersed, thereby inhibiting high-temperature agglomeration; mass transfer enhancement: due to the acoustic flow effect generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic waves, the induced circulation continuously updates the interface contact, increases the reaction surface area, and at the same time combines the cavitation thermal effect to maintain the mid- and late-stage reaction kinetics advantage; interface wetting enhancement: the instantaneous thermal effect of high-energy pulse laser on the surface of the material generates strain and stress fields on the solid surface through the thermoelastic effect (in a few cases, the thermal corrosion effect), causing the particles to fluctuate, and then generating ultrasonic waves inside the object, thereby promoting the enhanced particles to occur. Ultrasonic oscillation finally achieves the wettability between the reinforcing particles and the zinc alloy matrix and increases the interfacial reaction ability between the particles and the zinc alloy composite matrix, so that the reinforcing particles can be better dissolved into the zinc-based composite material; Mechanical strengthening: Ultrafast laser can not only use warm laser to impact strengthen the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material, but also improve the strength and ductility of the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material. More importantly, it can embed low-dimensional carbon nanoparticles into the zinc alloy matrix to a large extent, thereby greatly improving the mechanical properties of the composite material and reducing the generation of pores; Fewer reactive impurities: Vacuuming with a vacuum-assisted device can reduce the mixing of other impurities when the reinforcing particles are mixed at the interface, thereby reducing interfacial reactions.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, characterized in that: include: a high-temperature heating chamber, wherein the high-temperature heating chamber is used to heat the matrix material to form a molten matrix solution, and the reinforcing particles are added to the matrix solution; A vacuum generating device, the vacuum generating device is used to evacuate the high-temperature heating chamber; An electromagnetic wave generating device, used to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves, wherein the generated high-frequency electromagnetic waves act on the reinforcing particles and the matrix solution to promote uniform dispersion of the reinforcing particles in the matrix solution; Ultrafast laser generating device, including: Ultrafast laser, used for emitting ultrafast laser; An optical system for modulating, filtering and shaping the ultrafast laser; A laser probe, wherein the modulated, filtered and shaped ultrafast laser acts on the reinforcing particles and the matrix solution through the laser probe, thereby promoting the reinforcing particles to be further embedded in the matrix solution and performing impact strengthening on the particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material; An industrial computer is electrically connected to the vacuum generating device, the ultrafast laser emitting device and the electromagnetic wave generating device.

2. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature inside the high-temperature heating cavity, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure inside the high-temperature heating cavity. The temperature sensor and pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the industrial control machine, and feedback adjustment is formed through an algorithm to keep the temperature inside the high-temperature heating cavity at a constant value and the pressure inside the high-temperature heating cavity in a vacuum state.

3. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an online monitoring device, which is used to monitor the surface conditions of the laser action area. The online monitoring device includes a pulse generator, a holographic camera and a spectrum analyzer. The pulse generator is used to emit stress waves into the laser action area, and carry surface information after reflection and diffuse scattering in the laser action area. The stress wave signal carrying surface information is received by the stress wave sensor in the holographic camera. The information received by the stress wave sensor is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer for processing. After processing by the spectrum analyzer, it is sent to the industrial computer for real-time monitoring signal processing and display.

4. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical path system includes a first reflector, a wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, a spatial light modulator, and a 4F optical information processing system. The ultrafast laser emitted by the laser is reflected by the first reflector and then enters the wave plate and polarization beam splitter. The energy of the laser is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the wave plate. After passing through the polarization beam splitter, the ultrafast laser enters the spatial light modulator for modulation to form a high-speed, short-pulse ultrafast laser beam. The ultrafast laser beam passes through the 4F optical information processing system to filter the zero-order light. After filtering, it is emitted by the laser probe to act on the surface of the solution. The optical path system also includes a flip mirror and a lens. After modulation, shaping and filtering, the ultrafast laser is partially reflected by the flip mirror and passes through the lens to reach the spectrum analyzer for processing. The laser processed by the spectrum analyzer is transmitted to the industrial computer, which receives the signal and adjusts the laser parameters of the laser based on a feedback adjustment algorithm.

5. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature heating chamber includes a resistance furnace, refractory bricks and a crucible. The refractory bricks are located in the resistance furnace, and the crucible is located on the refractory bricks. The resistance furnace is used to heat the crucible. The zinc-based composite material is located in the crucible and is formed into a solution through heating, and the reinforcing particles are added to the solution.

6. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrafast laser has a wavelength of 800 nm, a pulse width of 120 fs, a maximum repetition frequency of 250 kHz, and a maximum pulse energy of 6 μJ.

7. The vacuum manufacturing device for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave generating device includes a high-voltage rectifier, a transformer and a magnetron. The working circuit generates a high-voltage current on the high-voltage winding through the transformer. The high-voltage current flows through the high-voltage rectifier and then flows to the cathode of the magnetron and acts on the cathode of the magnetron to provide it with an electron flow rushing to the anode, thereby forming a high-frequency electromagnetic wave and acting on the solution.

8. A vacuum manufacturing method for particle-reinforced zinc-based composite materials, based on the manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Including steps: drying and grinding the reinforcement particles to obtain powder reinforcement particles; A matrix solution is prepared by heating a matrix material, and powder reinforcement particles are added to the matrix solution; The vacuum device is started to vacuum the cavity so as to maintain a vacuum state, and the heating temperature of the resistance furnace is adjusted so that the temperature in the high-temperature heating cavity is constant. The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are used to perform real-time detection and feedback adjustment so that the temperature of the high-temperature heating cavity is stably maintained at a constant value and the pressure is always maintained in a vacuum state; The laser probe of the ultrafast laser generator is used to measure and locate the location to be irradiated, and then the electromagnetic wave generator is activated to generate high-frequency electromagnetic waves and act on the matrix solution, so that the reinforcing particles are evenly dispersed in the matrix solution; Starting the ultrafast laser generator to emit ultrafast laser to irradiate the part to be irradiated, thereby promoting the embedding of the reinforcing particles into the matrix solution; The solution is cooled and solidified to form a particle-reinforced zinc-based composite solid, and at the same time, ultrafast laser is used to impact strengthen the irradiated area to improve the mechanical properties.

9. The vacuum manufacturing method of particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that: While part of the ultrafast laser acts on the solution through the laser probe, the other part is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer after passing through the flip mirror and lens. After being processed by the spectrum analyzer, it is sent to the industrial computer. The industrial computer adjusts the laser's process parameters based on algorithm feedback.

10. The vacuum manufacturing method of particle-reinforced zinc-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes the steps: The pulse generator emits stress waves into the laser action area, and after being reflected and diffusely scattered by the laser action area, the stress waves carrying surface information are received by the stress wave sensor attached to the holographic camera. The holographic camera transmits the received real-time fluctuation signal to the spectrum analyzer for processing and then sends it to the industrial computer. The detector set inside the industrial computer processes the fluctuation signal to obtain whether there is particle agglomeration on the surface of the melt and its occurrence.

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