A method and system for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active repeater-like target
By determining the time delay of active forwarding targets and calibration bodies, and adjusting the test time delay and pulse parameters, the problem that traditional RCS testing methods cannot accurately measure active forwarding targets is solved, and accurate equivalent RCS measurement is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional indoor RCS testing methods cannot accurately measure the equivalent RCS of active transponder targets, mainly because the distance of the target echo and the distance of the calibration body are inconsistent, causing the traditional calibration method to fail.
By determining the delay of active forwarding targets and calibration bodies, adjusting the test delay and pulse parameters, and using equivalent pulse parameters to test the targets and calibration bodies, the target RCS value is calculated.
It enables accurate RCS measurement without changing the traditional anechoic chamber layout and test system, solves the problems of difficult-to-control noise and reduced power level caused by high delay, and improves the accuracy of measurement.
Smart Images
Figure CN120652419B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic scattering technology, particularly to the field of RCS testing technology, and especially to a method and system for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active transponder target. Background Technology
[0002] Compact-field microwave anechoic chambers are the primary environment for conducting indoor radar cross section (RCS) measurements. Typically, the targets being measured are passive targets. However, with continuous technological advancements, the demand for RCS testing is increasingly arising from active targets. Traditional indoor RCS testing methods mainly employ time-division relative calibration, ensuring that parameters such as the test system's frequency, polarization, and transmit power remain constant. A calibration target with a known RCS and the target are placed within the test area, and the accurate RCS of the target is calculated by the power ratio of the two. However, due to the significant time delay often present by active transponder targets, the distance of the target echo differs from the distance of the calibration target, rendering traditional range-gating techniques unusable and causing the traditional calibration method to fail. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides a method and system for measuring the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets. This solution solves the problem that traditional measurement methods cannot accurately measure the equivalent RCS of high-latency active forwarding targets, and achieves accurate measurement of the equivalent RCS of active forwarding targets.
[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target, comprising:
[0005] The test delays for the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse are determined based on the first delay of the active repeater target and the second delay of the calibration body.
[0006] Based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body, the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target are determined;
[0007] In the test area of the compact field, the active transponder target is tested using the target pulse parameters and the test delay to obtain the target echo power; the calibration body is tested using the pulse parameters and the second delay to obtain the calibration body echo power.
[0008] The target RCS value of the active relay target is determined based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body RCS value.
[0009] Optionally, the test latency is the sum of the first latency and the second latency.
[0010] Optionally, determining the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body includes:
[0011] Obtain the calibration transmit pulse width, calibration receive pulse width, and calibration pulse period of the calibration body;
[0012] The start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target are obtained to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target;
[0013] The test transmission pulse width is calculated based on the calibration transmission pulse width, the calibration pulse period, and the test pulse period;
[0014] The test receive pulse width is calculated based on the calibration receive pulse width, the calibration pulse period, and the test pulse period; wherein, the target pulse parameters include the test transmit pulse width and the test receive pulse width.
[0015] Optionally, obtaining the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target includes:
[0016] The duration from the start time of the transmitted pulse to the end time of the received pulse is determined as the test pulse period.
[0017] Optionally, obtaining the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target includes:
[0018] The test pulse period is calculated based on the start time of the transmitted pulse, the end time of the received pulse, and the calibration pulse period of the calibrator.
[0019] The test pulse period is determined by the following formula:
[0020]
[0021] Among them, T c T0 is the test pulse period; T1 and t2 are the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse, respectively.
[0022] Optionally, determining the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body's RCS value includes:
[0023] Calculate the ratio of the RCS value of the calibration body to the echo power of the calibration body;
[0024] The product of the ratio and the target echo power is taken as the target RCS value.
[0025] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets, comprising:
[0026] The acquisition module is used to acquire the first delay of the active forwarding target and the second delay of the calibration body, and to determine the test delay of the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse;
[0027] The parameter determination module is used to determine the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body.
[0028] The power acquisition module is used to acquire the target echo power obtained when the test device tests the active relay target using the target pulse parameters and the test delay, and the calibration body echo power obtained when the calibration body is tested using the pulse parameters and the second delay;
[0029] The RCS determination module is used to determine the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the RCS value of the calibration body.
[0030] Optionally, the testing apparatus includes a vector network analyzer, a transmit hardware gating switch, a receive hardware gating switch, a pulse source, a power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier, a receive feed, a transmit feed, and a compact field.
[0031] Optionally, the pulse source is connected to the transmitting hardware gating switch and the receiving hardware gating switch, respectively;
[0032] The output of the vector network analyzer is connected in sequence to the transmit hardware gating switch, the power amplifier, and the transmit feed.
[0033] The receiver of the vector network analyzer is connected in sequence to the receiving hardware gating switch, the low-noise amplifier, and the receiving feed.
[0034] Optionally, the duty cycle of the emitted pulse of the pulse source is higher than 10%.
[0035] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computing device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method described in any of the first aspects of this specification.
[0036] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in any of the first aspects of this specification.
[0037] Fifthly, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any of the first aspects of this specification.
[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0039] This invention provides a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active repeater target. First, the time delay of the active repeater target is determined, and the test time delay is obtained based on this time delay and the time delay of the calibration body. This determines the duration between the transmitted and received pulses when testing the active repeater target. Then, by fixing the pulse duty cycle of the calibration body and the active repeater target during the test, the target pulse parameters of the active repeater target are obtained, realizing equivalent power output and reception. Therefore, accurate measurement of the equivalent RCS of an active repeater target can be achieved without changing the traditional anechoic chamber layout and test system, solving problems such as difficult clutter control and reduced power level caused by high delay. Attached Figure Description
[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0042] Figure 2 This is a pulse diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a measuring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 4 This is a hardware architecture diagram of a computing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor active forwarding target equivalent RCS measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] Reference numerals: 301-Vector network analyzer; 302-Transmit hardware gating switch; 303-Pulse source; 304-Power amplifier; 305-Transmit feed; 306-Receive hardware gating switch; 307-Low noise amplifier; 308-Receive feed. Detailed Implementation
[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0048] The following is the concept of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target, including:
[0049] Step 100: Determine the test delay of the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse based on the first delay of the active relay target and the second delay of the calibration body;
[0050] Step 102: Based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body, determine the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target;
[0051] Step 104: In the test area of the compact field, the active transponder target is tested using the target pulse parameters and test delay to obtain the target echo power; the calibration body is tested using the pulse parameters and the second delay to obtain the calibration body echo power.
[0052] Step 106: Determine the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body RCS value.
[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the time delay of the active repeater target is first determined, and the test time delay is obtained based on the time delay of the calibration body and the time delay of the calibration body. This determines the duration between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse when testing the active repeater target. Then, by fixing the pulse duty cycle of the calibration body and the active repeater target during the test, the target pulse parameters of the active repeater target are obtained, realizing the equivalent power output and reception. Therefore, it is possible to achieve accurate measurement of the equivalent RCS of the active repeater target without changing the traditional anechoic chamber layout and test system, solving the problems of difficult clutter control and reduced power level caused by high delay.
[0054] It should be noted that the active forwarding targets referred to in this invention first passively receive external signals and then transmit the signals, which is different from active targets that actively transmit signals.
[0055] The following description Figure 1 The execution method of each step is shown.
[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the test latency is the sum of the first latency and the second latency.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment, step 102, determining the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body, includes:
[0058] Obtain the calibration transmit pulse width, calibration receive pulse width, and calibration pulse period of the calibration body;
[0059] Obtain the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target;
[0060] The test transmission pulse width is calculated based on the calibration transmission pulse width, calibration pulse period, and test pulse period;
[0061] The test receive pulse width is calculated based on the calibration receive pulse width, calibration pulse period, and test pulse period; among which, the target pulse parameters include the test transmit pulse width and the test receive pulse width.
[0062] It should be noted that during conventional RCS testing, the pulse parameters are determined based on the quiet zone size, anechoic chamber size, and the positional relationship between the target and the transmitting and receiving antennas, and are usually fixed values. When performing calibration body testing, the parameter settings are consistent with those for conventional RCS testing.
[0063] Specifically, to ensure that the duty cycle of the calibration target and the active repeater target are consistent, the following conditions must be met: Test transmit pulse width / Test pulse period = Calibration transmit pulse width / Calibration pulse period; Test receive pulse width / Test pulse period = Calibration receive pulse width / Calibration pulse period. Therefore, Test transmit pulse width = Calibration transmit pulse width / Calibration pulse period × Test pulse period; Test receive pulse width = Calibration receive pulse width / Calibration pulse period × Test pulse period. It should be noted that the test pulse period > the calibration pulse period.
[0064] In this invention, since the duty cycle is the ratio of the transmitted pulse width to the pulse period, it affects the average power of the radar. If the duty cycles of two test pulses are different, even if the peak power is the same, the average power will be different. Moreover, the average power directly affects the intensity of the target echo signal. Therefore, by fixing the duty cycle, it can be ensured that the average power of the two pulses is consistent, so that the echo signal intensity is determined only by the target scattering characteristics (rather than the transmitted energy), thereby improving the accuracy of the equivalent RCS of active repeater targets.
[0065] In a preferred embodiment, obtaining the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target includes:
[0066] The duration from the start time of the transmitted pulse to the end time of the received pulse is determined as the test pulse period.
[0067] In a preferred embodiment, obtaining the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target to determine the test pulse period of the active repeater target includes:
[0068] The test pulse period is calculated based on the start time of the transmitted pulse, the end time of the received pulse, and the calibration pulse period of the calibrator.
[0069] The test pulse period is determined by the following formula:
[0070]
[0071] Among them, T c The test pulse period is defined as follows: T0 is the calibration pulse period; t1 and t2 are the start and end times of the transmitted pulse, respectively. It should be noted that int() is the integer function.
[0072] For example, such as Figure 2 The pulse diagrams shown, from top to bottom, represent the transmit pulse diagram during calibration testing, the receive pulse diagram during calibration testing, the transmit pulse diagram during active repeater target testing, and the receive pulse diagram during active repeater target testing. Figure 2 In practice, the actual time from the start of the transmitted pulse to the end of the received pulse for active repeater targets is greater than 3 times the calibration pulse period but less than 4 times the calibration pulse period. To ensure the pulse periods of the calibration body and the test target are synchronized as much as possible, and to further reduce the RCS error of active repeater targets, in Figure 2 The test pulse period is set to be 4 times the calibration pulse period, which enables the pulse periods of the calibration body and the active forwarding target to be synchronized as a whole, thereby improving the accuracy of the equivalent RCS of the active forwarding target.
[0073] In step 104, the following is adopted: Figure 3 The test setup shown includes a vector network analyzer 301, a transmit hardware gating switch 302, a pulse source 303, a power amplifier 304, a transmit feed 305, a receive hardware gating switch 306, a low-noise amplifier 307, a receive feed 308, and a compact field.
[0074] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the pulse source 303 is connected to the transmitting hardware gating switch 302 and the receiving hardware gating switch 306, respectively.
[0075] The output of the vector network analyzer 301 is connected in sequence to the transmit hardware gating switch 302, the power amplifier 304 and the transmit feed 305;
[0076] The receiving end of the vector network analyzer 301 is connected in sequence to the receiving hardware gating switch 306, the low noise amplifier 307, and the receiving feed 308.
[0077] Specifically, the output of the vector network analyzer is connected in sequence to a transmit hardware gating switch, a power amplifier, and a transmit feed. The transmitted signal is modulated by the hardware gating switch, amplified by the power amplifier, and then radiated into the compact anechoic chamber through the transmit feed. The receiver of the vector network analyzer is connected to a receive hardware gating switch, a low-noise amplifier, and a receive feed. The received signal passes through the receive feed, is amplified by the low-noise amplifier, modulated by the receive hardware gating switch, and then received by the vector network analyzer.
[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the duty cycle of the emitted pulse of the pulse source 303 is higher than 10%.
[0079] In a preferred embodiment, step 106 involves determining the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body's RCS value, including:
[0080] Calculate the ratio of the RCS value of the calibration body to the echo power of the calibration body;
[0081] The product of the ratio and the target echo power is used as the target RCS value.
[0082] Specifically, the target RCS value = the RCS value of the calibration body × the target echo power / the calibration body echo power.
[0083] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets. The system embodiment can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both. From a hardware perspective, such as... Figure 4 The diagram shown is a hardware architecture diagram of a computing device housing a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Except for...) Figure 4 In addition to the processor, memory, network interface, and non-volatile memory shown, the computing device housing the system in this embodiment may also include other hardware, such as a forwarding chip responsible for processing packets. Taking software implementation as an example, such as... Figure 5 As shown, a logical system is formed by the CPU of its computing device reading the corresponding computer program from non-volatile memory into memory and running it. This embodiment provides a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets, including:
[0084] The acquisition module 500 is used to acquire the first delay of the active forwarding target and the second delay of the calibration body, and to determine the test delay of the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse;
[0085] The parameter determination module 502 is used to determine the target pulse parameters of active forwarding targets based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body.
[0086] The power acquisition module 504 is used to acquire the target echo power obtained when the test device tests an active repeater target using target pulse parameters and test delay, and the calibration body echo power obtained when the calibration body is tested using pulse parameters and second delay.
[0087] RCS determination module 506 is used to determine the target RCS value of an active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body's RCS value.
[0088] In some specific embodiments, the acquisition module 500 can be used to perform step 100, the parameter determination module 502 can be used to perform step 102, and the RCS determination module 506 can be used to perform step 106. The testing device is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.
[0089] Since the above system is based on the same concept as the system embodiment of the present invention, the specific details can be found in the description of the system embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
[0090] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a specific limitation on a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets. In other embodiments of the present invention, a measurement system for the equivalent RCS of indoor active forwarding targets may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
[0091] The information interaction and execution process between the modules in the above system are based on the same concept as the method embodiment of the present invention, and the specific details can be found in the description in the method embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
[0092] This invention also provides a computing device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target according to any embodiment of this invention.
[0093] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program causes the processor to perform a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target according to any embodiment of this invention.
[0094] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program. A processor of a computer device reads the computer program from a computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program, causing the computer device to perform a method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active forwarding target as described in any of the above embodiments.
[0095] Specifically, a system or apparatus equipped with a storage medium may be provided, on which software program code implementing the functions of any of the embodiments described above is stored, and the computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or apparatus may read and execute the program code stored in the storage medium.
[0096] In this case, the program code read from the storage medium can itself implement the function of any of the above embodiments, and therefore the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute part of the present invention.
[0097] Examples of storage media used to provide program code include floppy disks, hard disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW), magnetic tapes, non-volatile memory cards, and ROMs. Alternatively, program code can be downloaded from a server computer via a communication network.
[0098] Furthermore, it should be clear that not only can the program code read by the computer be executed, but also the operating system on the computer can be instructed based on the program code to perform some or all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the function of any of the embodiments described above.
[0099] Furthermore, it is understood that the program code read from the storage medium is written to the memory set in the expansion board inserted into the computer or to the memory set in the expansion module connected to the computer. Then, based on the instructions of the program code, the CPU or other components installed on the expansion board or expansion module execute some and all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the function of any of the above embodiments.
[0100] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.
[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for measuring the equivalent RCS of an indoor active transponder target, characterized in that, include: The test delays for the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse are determined based on the first delay of the active repeater target and the second delay of the calibration body. Based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body, the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target are determined; In the test area of the compact field, the active transponder target is tested using the target pulse parameters and the test delay to obtain the target echo power; the calibration body is tested using the pulse parameters and the second delay to obtain the calibration body echo power. The target RCS value of the active repeater target is determined based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body RCS value. Based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body, the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target are determined, including: Obtain the calibration transmit pulse width, calibration receive pulse width, and calibration pulse period of the calibration body; The start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse of the active repeater target are obtained. Based on the start time of the transmitted pulse, the end time of the received pulse, and the calibration pulse period of the calibration body, the test pulse period is calculated. The test pulse period is determined by the following formula: in, T c The test pulse period; T 0 represents the calibration pulse period; t 1. t 2 represents the start time of the transmitted pulse and the end time of the received pulse, respectively. The test transmission pulse width is calculated based on the calibration transmission pulse width, the calibration pulse period, and the test pulse period; The test receive pulse width is calculated based on the calibration receive pulse width, the calibration pulse period, and the test pulse period; wherein, the target pulse parameters include the test transmit pulse width and the test receive pulse width.
2. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test latency is the sum of the first latency and the second latency.
3. The measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the calibration body RCS value includes: Calculate the ratio of the RCS value of the calibration body to the echo power of the calibration body; The product of the ratio and the target echo power is taken as the target RCS value.
4. A measurement system for the equivalent RCS of an indoor active transponder target, characterized in that, For implementing the measurement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the first delay of the active forwarding target and the second delay of the calibration body, and to determine the test delay of the test transmit pulse and the test receive pulse; The parameter determination module is used to determine the target pulse parameters of the active forwarding target based on the pulse parameters of the calibration body. The power acquisition module is used to acquire the target echo power obtained when the test device tests the active relay target using the target pulse parameters and the test delay, and the calibration body echo power obtained when the calibration body is tested using the pulse parameters and the second delay; The RCS determination module is used to determine the target RCS value of the active repeater target based on the target echo power, the calibration body echo power, and the RCS value of the calibration body.
5. The measurement system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The testing apparatus includes a vector network analyzer, a transmit hardware gating switch, a receive hardware gating switch, a pulse source, a power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier, a receive feed, a transmit feed, and a compact field.
6. The measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pulse source is connected to the transmit hardware gating switch and the receive hardware gating switch, respectively; The output of the vector network analyzer is connected in sequence to the transmit hardware gating switch, the power amplifier, and the transmit feed. The receiver of the vector network analyzer is connected in sequence to the receiving hardware gating switch, the low-noise amplifier, and the receiving feed.
7. The measurement system according to any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that, The duty cycle of the emitted pulse from the pulse source is higher than 10%.