Wild-imitating mushroom planting method based on forest-free land

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and particularly discloses a forest-free land-based wild-imitating mushroom planting method. According to the method, ditching and ridging are conducted on a plant-free land to serve as a mushroom planting land, after the mushroom planting land is disinfected and prepared, a mushroom planting straw shed is built, a wild-imitating humid planting environment is formed in the straw shed, mushroom bags are placed in the straw shed to be cultivated, water applying management is conducted, and harvesting is conducted. Compared with common artificially-planted mushrooms, the fragrance and the nutritional value of the harvested mushrooms are remarkably improved and are close to those of wild mushrooms, and the method has a wide market demand prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating wild mushrooms based on non-woodland land. Background Art

[0002] Rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and various minerals, mushrooms are low in fat and calories, making them a high-quality, healthy food. Bioactive substances such as polysaccharides and terpenoids found in mushrooms can help boost immunity, regulate blood lipids and blood sugar, and slow aging. Some mushrooms also possess anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. Whether eaten fresh, processed into dried goods, or extracted for medicinal properties, mushrooms play an important role in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

[0003] In order to meet the vast market demand for mushrooms, many growers will artificially cultivate mushrooms. However, although artificially cultivated mushrooms and wild mushrooms are similar in appearance, there are still many differences. For example, the aroma and nutritional value of wild mushrooms are higher than those of purely artificially cultivated ones. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the artificial cultivation environment of mushrooms. By simulating the wildness of the mushroom environment, the aroma and nutritional value of mushrooms can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for growing wild mushrooms based on forest-free land, so as to solve the problem that the fragrance and nutritional value of traditional artificially grown mushrooms are inferior to those of wild mushrooms.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for growing wild mushrooms in forest-free land, comprising:

[0007] Select land without plant cover as the target planting site, dig furrows and ridges with a width of 1.0-1.2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.25-0.30 meters on the target planting site;

[0008] Spread quicklime evenly in the trench at a rate of 0.5-1 kg per square meter, spray the soil inside the trench with potassium permanganate solution, remove weeds and debris from the soil, break up large clods and level the soil.

[0009] Insert the straw shed support materials on the ridges, insert them on both sides of the ridge ditch according to the ridge width, and fix the support beams on top of the two adjacent straw shed support materials. Adjust the roof inclination to 30° to 45°. Evenly lay straw on the straw shed support materials and support beams to build the straw shed. The shed edge extends 10 cm outward on both sides of the ridge. The height of the shed is 0.8-1.0 m. Build a windbreak fence on the downwind side of the target planting area.

[0010] Place multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the furrow inside the straw shed, with 5 cm intervals between the same row of mushroom bags. Then place multiple groups of mushroom bag rows end to end along the length of the furrow, with 10 cm intervals between each group of mushroom bag rows. Cover the mushroom bag rows with 2-3 cm of fine soil, and evenly spread dry pine needles disinfected with potassium permanganate solution on the fine soil.

[0011] Lay a water pipe in the middle of the ridge and cover the soil under the mushroom bag. Install 50 cm high capillary tubes connected to atomizing nozzles at intervals of 80 cm in the shed and use ground plugs to install them on the water pipes. Install nozzles connected to the water pipes on the roof of the shed.

[0012] water management and pest control;

[0013] Harvesting.

[0014] Preferably, the target planting land has a slope of 5°-15°, and after furrowing and ridge forming, the soil is plowed 20-30 cm and exposed to the sun for 3-5 days to kill insect eggs and bacteria.

[0015] Preferably, the potassium permanganate solution is diluted at a ratio of 1:600 ​​before application.

[0016] Preferably, after the dry pine needles are laid, atomized water is sprayed until the dry pine needles are moistened.

[0017] Preferably, before placing multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the ridge inside the straw shed, a layer of decomposed organic matter with a thickness of 5-10 cm is laid in the ditch. The ingredients of the decomposed organic matter layer include 40% sawdust, 30% straw powder, 20% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 8% leaf mold, 1% gypsum powder and 1% quicklime in proportion by weight. Seven days before sowing, EM bacterial solution with a ratio of 1:500 is sprayed to inhibit competitive bacteria.

[0018] Preferably, during the water replenishment management, atomized water is sprayed every morning and evening to maintain the moisture content of the mushrooms at 60% to 70% and the soil moisture content at 20% to 25%. When it is sunny for more than 2 consecutive days, water is sprayed on the roof until the grass is moistened and white granular primordia appear on the surface of the pine needles. Then, spraying water is stopped and atomized water is sprayed at irregular intervals to maintain the air humidity at 85% to 90%. Water spraying is resumed and ventilation is maintained during the mushroom differentiation period. Water spraying is reduced and ventilation is increased during the mushroom growth period.

[0019] Preferably, during the pest control, a 1.5 m high insect net is laid around the target planting site, mosquito and fly traps are hung on the straw shed to kill adult insects, and 1% azadirachtin aqueous solution is sprayed regularly to inhibit bacteria.

[0020] Preferably, after harvesting, residual and dead mushrooms in the groove are removed, water is cut off for 3 days, water is poured into the groove to a depth of 10 cm, and then the groove is drained after 2 hours, and covered with a 1 cm thick layer of decomposed organic matter.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention sets up trenches and ridges on plantless land as mushroom planting sites, disinfects and prepares the mushroom planting sites, builds mushroom planting sheds, and forms a wild-like humid planting environment inside the sheds. Mushroom bags are placed in the sheds for cultivation, watering management and harvesting. The aroma and nutritional value of the harvested mushrooms are significantly improved compared to general artificially cultivated mushrooms, close to wild mushrooms, and have broad market demand prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a method for growing wild mushrooms in forest-free land disclosed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] See also Figure 1 As shown, a method for growing wild mushrooms based on non-forested land includes:

[0027] Select land without plant cover as the target planting site, dig furrows and ridges with a width of 1.0-1.2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.25-0.30 meters on the target planting site;

[0028] Spread quicklime evenly in the trench at a rate of 0.5-1 kg per square meter, spray the soil inside the trench with potassium permanganate solution diluted at a ratio of 1:600, remove weeds and debris from the trench soil, break up large clods, and level the soil.

[0029] Insert the straw shed support materials on the ridge. The straw shed support materials can be made of local materials such as tree branches and wood, or steel pipes and other profiles. Insert the straw shed support materials on both sides of the ridge according to the ridge width, and fix the support beams on the top of the two adjacent straw shed support materials. The support beams, like the straw shed support materials, can be made of wooden poles or steel pipes. Adjust the inclination of the roof to 30°~45° to facilitate subsequent roof drainage. Evenly lay grass on the straw shed support materials and support beams to build the straw shed. The grass can be made of materials such as straw, rice straw or branches. The edge of the shed extends 10 cm outward on both sides of the ridge. The height inside the shed is 0.8-1.0 m. Build a windbreak fence on the downwind side of the target planting area. Windbreak fences are not required in windless areas.

[0030] Place multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the ridge inside the straw shed, with 5 cm intervals between the same row of mushroom bags. Then place multiple groups of mushroom bag rows end to end along the length of the ridge, with 10 cm intervals between each group of mushroom bag rows. Cover the mushroom bag rows with 2-3 cm of fine soil. Evenly spread dry pine needles disinfected with potassium permanganate solution on the fine soil, and spray atomized water until the dry pine needles are moistened.

[0031] Lay a water pipe in the middle of the ridge and cover the soil under the mushroom bag. Install 50 cm high capillary tubes connected to atomizing nozzles at intervals of 80 cm in the shed and use ground plugs to install them on the water pipes. Install nozzles connected to the water pipes on the roof of the shed.

[0032] water management and pest control;

[0033] Harvesting.

[0034] By setting up ditches and ridges on plantless land as mushroom planting sites, disinfecting and preparing the mushroom planting sites, building mushroom planting sheds, and forming a wild-like humid planting environment inside the sheds, the mushroom bags are placed in the sheds for cultivation, watering management and harvesting. The aroma and nutritional value of the harvested mushrooms are significantly improved compared to ordinary artificially cultivated mushrooms, close to wild mushrooms, and have broad market demand prospects.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] See also Figure 1 As shown, a method for growing wild mushrooms based on non-forested land includes:

[0037] Select land without plant cover as the target planting site, dig furrows and ridges with a width of 1.0-1.2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.25-0.30 meters on the target planting site;

[0038] Spread quicklime evenly in the trench at a rate of 0.5-1 kg per square meter, spray the soil inside the trench with potassium permanganate solution diluted at a ratio of 1:600, remove weeds and debris from the trench soil, break up large clods, and level the soil.

[0039] Insert the straw shed support materials on the ridge. The straw shed support materials can be made of local materials such as tree branches and wood, or steel pipes and other profiles. Insert the straw shed support materials on both sides of the ridge according to the ridge width, and fix the support beams on the top of the two adjacent straw shed support materials. The support beams, like the straw shed support materials, can be made of wooden poles or steel pipes. Adjust the inclination of the roof to 30°~45° to facilitate subsequent roof drainage. Evenly lay grass on the straw shed support materials and support beams to build the straw shed. The grass can be made of materials such as straw, rice straw or branches. The edge of the shed extends 10 cm outward on both sides of the ridge. The height inside the shed is 0.8-1.0 m. Build a windbreak fence on the downwind side of the target planting area. Windbreak fences are not required in windless areas.

[0040] Place multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the ridge inside the straw shed, with 5 cm intervals between the same row of mushroom bags. Then place multiple groups of mushroom bag rows end to end along the length of the ridge, with 10 cm intervals between each group of mushroom bag rows. Cover the mushroom bag rows with 2-3 cm of fine soil. Evenly spread dry pine needles disinfected with potassium permanganate solution on the fine soil, and spray atomized water until the dry pine needles are moistened.

[0041] Lay a water pipe in the middle of the ridge and cover the soil under the mushroom bag. Install 50 cm high capillary tubes connected to atomizing nozzles at intervals of 80 cm in the shed and use ground plugs to install them on the water pipes. Install nozzles connected to the water pipes on the roof of the shed.

[0042] water management and pest control;

[0043] Harvesting.

[0044] By setting up ditches and ridges on plantless land as mushroom planting sites, disinfecting and preparing the mushroom planting sites, building mushroom planting sheds, and forming a wild-like humid planting environment inside the sheds, the mushroom bags are placed in the sheds for cultivation, watering management and harvesting. The aroma and nutritional value of the harvested mushrooms are significantly improved compared to ordinary artificially cultivated mushrooms, close to wild mushrooms, and have broad market demand prospects.

[0045] The target planting land has a slope of 5°-15°, which is conducive to ventilation and drainage, and avoids water accumulation in low-lying areas. After trenching and ridge formation, the soil is plowed 20-30 cm and exposed to the sun for 3-5 days to kill insect eggs and bacteria.

[0046] Before placing multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the ridge inside the straw shed, a layer of decomposed organic matter with a thickness of 5-10 cm is laid in the ridge. The ingredients of the decomposed organic matter layer include 40% sawdust, 30% straw powder, 20% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 8% leaf mold, 1% gypsum powder and 1% quicklime according to the weight ratio. Seven days before sowing, 1:500 EM bacterial solution that inhibits competitive bacteria is sprayed.

[0047] During the water replenishment management, spray atomized water every morning and evening to maintain the moisture content of the mushrooms at 60% to 70% and the soil moisture content at 20% to 25%. If it is sunny for more than 2 consecutive days, spray water on the roof until the grass is moistened. When white granular primordia appear on the surface of the pine needles, stop spraying water. Spray atomized water at irregular intervals to maintain the air humidity at 85% to 90%. Resume spraying water and maintain ventilation during the mushroom differentiation period. Reduce spraying water and increase ventilation during the mushroom growth period.

[0048] In some areas with sufficient sunlight, it is necessary to build a sunshade net, and 4-6 hours of sunlight per day are sufficient. When the ambient temperature exceeds 25℃, 3-5 cm of water can be poured into the groove to cool it down with ventilation.

[0049] During the pest control, a 1.5m high insect-proof net is laid around the target planting site, mosquito and fly traps are hung on the straw shed to kill adult insects, and 1% azadirachtin aqueous solution is sprayed regularly to inhibit bacteria.

[0050] During the planting process, if green mold is found on the surface of the mushroom bag, dig out the part immediately and apply lime powder or wood ash.

[0051] After harvesting, the residual and dead mushrooms in the ditch are removed, and after water is cut off for 3 days, 10 cm of water is poured into the ditch, and the water is drained after 2 hours. The ditch is covered with a 1 cm thick layer of decomposed organic matter to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the next batch of mushroom mycelium. When the winter temperature is less than 5°C, the ditch is covered with a heat preservation film and a sunshade net, and a 5 cm thick straw is spread on the bed surface. Water spraying is reduced to keep the mushroom sticks dormant. When the summer temperature is greater than 30°C, sunshade is strengthened, water is stored in the ditch to cool down, and ventilation is carried out at night to avoid the mushroom sticks from being "burned" by high temperature. After the same piece of land is planted continuously for 2 years, it is left fallow for 1 year or changed to rice, beans, or the mushroom strains are rotated to reduce the obstacles of continuous cropping. After the harvest is completed, the mushroom sticks can be crushed, a decomposing agent is added, and the compost is piled for 20 days before being returned to the field, or used as an organic fertilizer raw material.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0053] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A method for growing wild mushrooms in forest-free land, characterized in that: include: Select land without plant cover as the target planting site, dig furrows and ridges with a width of 1.0-1.2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.25-0.30 meters on the target planting site; Spread quicklime evenly in the trench at a rate of 0.5-1 kg per square meter, spray the soil inside the trench with potassium permanganate solution, remove weeds and debris from the soil, break up large clods and level the soil. Insert the straw shed support materials on the ridges, insert them on both sides of the ridge ditch according to the ridge width, and fix the support beams on top of the two adjacent straw shed support materials. Adjust the roof inclination to 30° to 45°. Evenly lay straw on the straw shed support materials and support beams to build the straw shed. The shed edge extends 10 cm outward on both sides of the ridge. The height of the shed is 0.8-1.0 m. Build a windbreak fence on the downwind side of the target planting area. Place multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the furrow inside the straw shed, with 5 cm intervals between the same row of mushroom bags. Then place multiple groups of mushroom bag rows end to end along the length of the furrow, with 10 cm intervals between each group of mushroom bag rows. Cover the mushroom bag rows with 2-3 cm of fine soil, and evenly spread dry pine needles disinfected with potassium permanganate solution on the fine soil. Lay a water pipe in the middle of the ridge and cover the soil under the mushroom bag. Install 50 cm high capillary tubes connected to atomizing nozzles at intervals of 80 cm in the shed and use ground plugs to install them on the water pipes. Install nozzles connected to the water pipes on the roof of the shed. water management and pest control; Harvesting.

2. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target planting land has a slope of 5°-15°. After furrowing and ridge forming, the soil is plowed 20-30 cm and exposed to the sun for 3-5 days to kill insect eggs and bacteria.

3. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium permanganate solution is diluted at a ratio of 1:600 ​​and then applied.

4. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the dry pine needles are laid, spray atomized water until the dry pine needles are moistened.

5. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before placing multiple rows of mushroom bags along the width of the ridge inside the straw shed, a layer of decomposed organic matter with a thickness of 5-10 cm is laid in the ridge. The ingredients of the decomposed organic matter layer include 40% sawdust, 30% straw powder, 20% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 8% leaf mold, 1% gypsum powder and 1% quicklime according to the weight ratio. Seven days before sowing, 1:500 EM bacterial solution that inhibits competitive bacteria is sprayed.

6. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the water replenishment management, spray atomized water every morning and evening to maintain the moisture content of the mushrooms at 60% to 70% and the soil moisture content at 20% to 25%. If it is sunny for more than 2 consecutive days, spray water on the roof until the grass is moistened. When white granular primordia appear on the surface of the pine needles, stop spraying water. Spray atomized water at irregular intervals to maintain the air humidity at 85% to 90%. Resume spraying water and maintain ventilation during the mushroom differentiation period. Reduce spraying water and increase ventilation during the mushroom growth period.

7. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the pest control, a 1.5m high insect-proof net is laid around the target planting site, mosquito and fly traps are hung on the straw shed to kill adult insects, and 1% azadirachtin aqueous solution is sprayed regularly to inhibit bacteria.

8. The method for growing wild mushrooms in non-forested land according to claim 1, characterized in that: After harvesting, the residual and dead mushrooms in the grooves were removed, and after water was stopped for 3 days, water was poured into the grooves to a depth of 10 cm, and the grooves were drained after 2 hours, and covered with a 1 cm thick layer of decomposed organic matter.

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