Integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrode and preparation method of integrated electrolysis device

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and a paper-based electrode and a preparation method of the integrated electrolysis device, and belongs to the technical field of devices for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water in an electrolytic bath. The device comprises an electrolytic cell, a solar panel, a paper-based absorption part and a counter electrode platinum sheet, the electrolytic cell comprises an open cavity and a closed cavity, the open cavity is connected with the closed cavity through a proton exchange membrane, a hydrogen leading-out hole is formed in the closed cavity, one end of the paper-based absorption part adheres to the back face of the solar panel, and the other end of the paper-based absorption part adheres to the counter electrode platinum sheet. The paper-based absorption part is connected with the positive electrode output end of the solar panel, a counter electrode platinum sheet is arranged in the closed cavity, and the counter electrode platinum sheet is connected with the negative electrode output end of the solar panel. The problems that an existing substrate is poor in conductivity, and an electrolytic cell cannot be effectively combined with photovoltaic waste heat are solved, the solar panel can be cooled, the output efficiency can be improved, the waste heat of the solar panel can be used for reducing the overpotential for an electrolytic reaction, and efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic cell water electrolysis hydrogen production devices, and in particular to an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solar-powered electrolysis (PV-EC) is considered an ideal technology for hydrogen production due to its cleanliness and renewability. However, traditional solar hydrogen production systems are limited by the separation of photovoltaic power generation and electrolyzer design, and face two core bottlenecks: First, the low photovoltaic energy utilization rate - only 15%-25% of the incident light energy is converted into electricity by photovoltaic panels, and about 20% of the energy is dissipated as waste heat, resulting in an overall system efficiency of less than 12%; second, the high cost and complexity of electrolyzers - traditional metal-based electrodes (such as titanium and platinum) and auxiliary temperature control and water pumping devices significantly increase hydrogen production costs, restricting the large-scale application of hydrogen production equipment.

[0003] In recent years, flexible electrolyzer technology has partially reduced material costs through lightweight substrates (such as carbon cloth and polymers), but it still suffers from drawbacks such as poor conductivity and a lack of thermal management. The physical separation of PV waste heat (40-80°C) from the electrolyzer further exacerbates energy waste. High-temperature electrolysis technologies (such as solid oxide electrolysis) are difficult to implement due to the mismatch between the material's heat resistance requirements and the temperature of PV waste heat. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems and provide an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes and a preparation method thereof. Through self-supply of water, it can not only cool the solar panels, but also utilize photovoltaic waste heat for electrolysis reaction. The synergistic effect of gradient water supply and photovoltaic waste heat can realize efficient water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: According to one aspect of the present invention, an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes is provided, comprising: An electrolytic cell, comprising an open cavity for placing an electrolyte and a closed cavity, wherein the open cavity is connected to the closed cavity via a proton exchange membrane, and a hydrogen outlet hole is provided in the closed cavity; a solar panel, disposed on the electrolytic cell; A paper-based absorbent, comprising a paper-based electrode layer and a multi-layer water-absorbing structure, wherein the paper-based electrode layer is coated on the multi-layer water-absorbing structure, and the multi-layer water-absorbing structure is connected to the back surface of the solar panel through the paper-based electrode layer, an end of the multi-layer water-absorbing structure away from the paper-based electrode layer is immersed in the electrolyte in the open cavity, and the paper-based electrode layer is connected to the positive output terminal of the solar panel; The counter electrode platinum sheet is fixedly arranged in the closed cavity, and the counter electrode platinum sheet is connected to the negative output end of the solar panel.

[0006] Preferably, the paper-based electrode layer includes a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer, a nickel powder layer and a conductive electrode sheet, the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer is loaded with the nickel powder layer to form a paper-based electrode, the paper-based electrode is connected to the conductive electrode sheet, and the conductive electrode sheet is connected to the positive output end of the solar panel.

[0007] Preferably, the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart long strips, and ends of the plurality of long strips are connected to each other.

[0008] Preferably, the conductive electrode sheet is an iron sheet or a copper sheet.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-layer water-absorbing structure is composed of three layers of non-woven fabrics with gradient pore sizes, the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the upper layer is 30-50 μm, the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the middle layer is 10-20 μm, and the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the lower layer is 1-5 μm.

[0010] Preferably, it further includes an adjustment mechanism, wherein the adjustment mechanism includes a first fixed shaft, a telescopic assembly, a second fixed shaft, a first sliding block and a first sliding rail; The first fixed shaft is fixedly arranged on the electrolytic cell, one end of the telescopic assembly is hinged to the second fixed shaft, and the other end is hinged to the second fixed shaft, the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the first slider, the first slider is arranged in the first slide rail and is slidably connected to the first slide rail, and the first slide rail is fixedly connected to the solar panel.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a second slide rail, a second slider, a connecting shaft and a movable plate, the second slide rail is hinged to the first fixed shaft, the second slider is arranged in the second slide rail and is slidingly connected to the second slide rail, the second slider is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the movable plate, and the movable plate is hinged to the second fixed shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes comprises the following steps: S1. Coat nickel-carbon conductive adhesive on the surface of three layers of non-woven fabric substrate with gradient pore size to form a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer. Leave it for 3-5 minutes, evenly load nickel powder on the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer and press it into shape. Place it in a drying oven at 120°C for 2 hours to form a paper-based electrode. S2. Using thermally conductive adhesive, adhere the paper-based electrode to the back of the solar panel, and place a conductive electrode sheet on the paper-based electrode. The conductive electrode sheet is connected to the positive output terminal of the solar panel. At the same time, the portion of the non-woven fabric substrate not coated with the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive is immersed in the open cavity of an electrolytic cell filled with electrolyte. S3. A counter electrode platinum sheet is arranged in the closed cavity of the electrolytic cell, and the counter electrode platinum sheet is connected to the negative output end of the solar panel to form a paper-based electrolysis device.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the nickel powder has a particle size of 300-500 mesh and a loading of 80-90 mg / cm 2 .

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the electrolyte is KOH, and its concentration is 1 mol / L.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention uses a multi-layer water-absorbing structure as a base, constructs a paper-based electrode layer on the multi-layer water-absorbing structure, adheres the paper-based electrode layer to the back of the solar panel, and absorbs electrolyte to the paper-based electrode layer through the multi-layer water-absorbing structure. It can not only cool the solar panel, but also use the waste heat of the solar panel for electrolysis reaction. Through the synergistic enhancement of self-supply water and photovoltaic waste heat, efficient water electrolysis to produce hydrogen is achieved, providing a lightweight and low-cost solution for distributed hydrogen production scenarios, and accelerating the commercialization process of photovoltaic hydrogen production technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a side view of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the paper-based absorbent of the present invention.

[0017] In the accompanying drawings, 1. electrolytic cell; 2. solar panel; 3. paper-based absorber; 4. counter electrode platinum sheet; 5. connection port; 6. proton exchange membrane; 7. adjustment mechanism; 8. hydrogen outlet hole; 31. nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer; 32. multi-layer water-absorbing structure; 33. conductive electrode sheet; 71. first fixed axis; 72. telescopic assembly; 73. second fixed axis; 74. first slider; 75. first slide rail; 101. open cavity; 102. closed cavity; 201. positive output terminal; 202. negative output terminal; 721. second slide rail; 722. second slider; 723. connecting axis; 724. movable plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many of the details listed in this specification are merely provided to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be practiced even without these specific details.

[0019] See also Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes and a preparation method thereof. The technical solution is as follows: like Figure 1-3 As shown, an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes includes an electrolytic cell 1, a solar panel 2, a paper-based absorber 3, and a platinum counter electrode 4. The electrolytic cell 1 includes an open cavity 101 for storing electrolyte and a closed cavity 102. The top of the open cavity 101 is provided with an opening, and electrolyte is stored in both the open cavity 101 and the closed cavity 102. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is an alkaline electrolyte. A connection port 5 is provided between the open cavity 101 and the closed cavity 102, and a proton exchange membrane 6 is provided on the connection port 5. The open cavity 101 is connected to the closed cavity 102 via the proton exchange membrane 6. The proton exchange membrane 6 prevents the electrolysis products of the open cavity 101 from entering the closed cavity 102, while also facilitating the collection of the electrolysis products of the closed cavity 102.

[0020] The solar panel 2 is arranged on the electrolytic cell 1. Specifically, the solar panel 2 is a complete solar power generation panel that has the function of converting sunlight into electrical energy and has a positive voltage output terminal 201 and a negative voltage output terminal 202. One end of the solar panel 2 is mounted on one side of the open cavity 101. Furthermore, in order to improve the utilization rate of the solar panel 2, in the embodiment, an adjustment mechanism 7 is also included, and the adjustment mechanism 7 is arranged on both sides of the open cavity 101. Figure 4As shown, the adjustment mechanism 7 includes a first fixed shaft 71, a telescopic assembly 72, a second fixed shaft 73, a first slider 74, and a first slide rail 75. The first fixed shaft 71 is disposed on either side of the open cavity 101. One end of the first fixed shaft 71 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the open cavity 101, and the telescopic assembly 72 is disposed on the other end of the first fixed shaft 71. The telescopic assembly 72 includes a second slide rail 721, a second slider 722, a connecting shaft 723, and a movable plate 724. One end of the second slide rail 721 is hinged to the first fixed shaft 71. The second slider 722 is disposed within the second slide rail 721 and is slidably connected thereto. It should be noted that a certain amount of frictional resistance exists between the second slider 722 and the second slide rail 721. If an external force cannot overcome the frictional resistance, the second slider 722 cannot slide freely within the second slide rail 721. In this embodiment, the frictional resistance between the second slider 722 and the second slide rail 721 is greater than the weight acting on the solar panel 2. One end of the connecting shaft 723 is fixedly connected to the second slider 722, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the movable panel 724. The end of the movable panel 724 away from the connecting shaft 723 is hinged to the second fixed shaft 73. The end of the second fixed shaft 73 away from the movable panel 724 is fixedly connected to the first slider 74. The first slider 74 is disposed in the first slide rail 75 and is slidably connected to the first slide rail 75. It should be noted that there is a certain frictional resistance between the first slider 74 and the first slide rail 75. When an external force cannot overcome the frictional resistance, the first slider 74 cannot slide freely in the first slide rail 75. Therefore, when there is no external force, the adjustment mechanism 7 can support the solar panel 2 at a certain angle. When the angle of the solar panel 2 needs to be adjusted, the solar panel 2 can be directly acted on by external force, and the first slider 74 slides in the first slide rail 75, the second slider 722 slides in the second slide rail 721, the first slide rail 75 and the first fixed shaft 71 rotate, and the movable plate 724 and the second fixed shaft 73 rotate to adjust the angle of the solar panel 2 relative to the horizontal plane, thereby adjusting the angle at which the solar panel 2 receives sunlight to improve the energy conversion efficiency.

[0021] like Figure 5As shown, the paper-based absorbent 3 includes a paper-based electrode layer and a multi-layer water-absorbing structure 32. The paper-based electrode layer includes a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31, a nickel powder layer, and a conductive electrode sheet 33. As shown in the figure, the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31 includes a plurality of spaced-apart long strips, and the ends of all the long strips are connected to each other. The nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31 is loaded with a nickel powder layer to form a paper-based electrode, and the conductive electrode sheet 33 is connected to the paper-based electrode to form a paper-based electrode layer. In this embodiment, the conductive electrode sheet 33 is an iron sheet or a copper sheet. The paper-based electrode layer is coated on the multi-layer water-absorbing structure 32, which is composed of three layers of non-woven fabrics with gradient pore sizes. The pore size of the non-woven fabric in the upper layer is 30-50 μm, the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the middle layer is 10-20 μm, and the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the lower layer is 1-5 μm. The side of the paper-based electrode layer facing away from the non-woven fabric is adhered to the back of the solar panel using thermally conductive adhesive. The end of the non-woven fabric not coated with the paper-based electrode layer is immersed in an open cavity 101 containing the decomposition solution. The paper-based electrode is connected to the positive output terminal 201 of the solar panel 2 via a conductive electrode sheet 33. The electrolyte is drawn through the non-woven fabric and reaches the paper-based electrode layer, where it absorbs some of the heat from the solar panel. This not only cools the solar panel 2, but also initiates the electrolysis reaction when the temperature of the paper-based electrode layer reaches a certain level (i.e., the temperature required for hydrogen production).

[0022] A platinum counter electrode sheet 4 is fixedly mounted within the enclosed cavity 102. One end of the sheet is immersed in the electrolyte, while the other end is connected to the negative output terminal 202 of the solar panel 2. A decomposition reaction occurs on the sheet 4, generating hydrogen within the enclosed cavity 102. A hydrogen outlet 8 is provided in the enclosed cavity 102, through which the hydrogen can be collected.

[0023] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes, which comprises the following steps: S1. Coat nickel-carbon conductive adhesive on the surface of a three-layer non-woven fabric substrate with a gradient pore size to form a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31. Leave it for 3-5 minutes, evenly load nickel powder on the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31 and press it into shape. Place it in a drying oven at 60°C and dry it for 1 hour to form a paper-based electrode.

[0024] Specifically, the total thickness of the non-woven fabric substrate is 1.5-3.6mm, and the material of the single non-woven fabric layer is one of cellulose, polyester fiber or glass fiber. In this embodiment, polyester fiber (PET) is used, with a gram weight of 80-120g / m² and a thickness of 0.5-1.2mm. The overall length of the non-woven fabric is 178mm and a width of 142mm. Among them, in the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31, there are 10 long strips, each of which is 5mm wide, and the spacing between two adjacent long strips is 12mm. At one end of all the long strips, a 158mm long headquarters is connected, and charge transfer is optimized through a plurality of equidistant rectangular pattern conductive networks. The mass ratio of nickel to carbon in the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer 31 is 6:4-8:2, the solid content is 60-70%, and the thickness is 50-200μm. The nickel powder particle size of the nickel powder layer is 300-500 mesh, the loading amount is 80-90mg / cm², and it is evenly loaded on the surface of the conductive adhesive layer. Using SolidWorks modeling software, we customized an equidistant strip pattern, cut the non-woven fabric into 172mm long and 142mm wide, pressed the mold onto the non-woven fabric, and evenly coated it with nickel-carbon conductive glue. After leaving it for 3-5 minutes to evenly load the nickel powder, we pressed it into shape with a stamping plate and dried it in a drying oven at 120°C for 2 hours. The three layers of non-woven fabric were sewn together with copper wire. S2. Use thermal conductive glue to bond the paper-based electrode to the back of the solar panel 2, and set a conductive electrode sheet 33 on the paper-based electrode. The conductive electrode sheet 33 is connected to the positive output end 201 of the solar panel 2. At the same time, the part of the non-woven fabric substrate that is not coated with nickel-carbon conductive glue is immersed in the open cavity 101 of the electrolytic cell 1 filled with electrolyte.

[0025] Specifically, the thermally conductive adhesive is a silicone-based adhesive with a thermal conductivity of ≥1.5 W / (m·K), a bonding thickness of 0.2-1 mm, and an operating temperature range of -20°C to 120°C. The portion of the non-woven fabric substrate not coated with the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive is immersed as an extension into the open cavity 101. The extension is 40-50 mm long and is immersed 30-40 mm below the liquid level in the open cavity 101. Capillary action allows for self-electrolysis. The electrolyte is KOH with a concentration of 1 mol / L. The conductive electrode sheet 33 is connected to the positive output terminal 201 of the solar panel 2 via a positive lead.

[0026] S3. A counter electrode platinum sheet 4 is placed in the closed cavity 102 of the electrolytic cell 1 and connected to the negative output terminal 202 of the solar panel 2 via a negative lead, thereby forming a paper-based electrolysis device. A proton exchange membrane 6 is placed in the electrolytic cell 1 to separate the open cavity 101 from the closed cavity 102. The open cavity 101 can only exchange substances with the closed cavity 102 via the proton exchange membrane 6. The counter electrode platinum sheet 4 in the closed cavity 102 undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate hydrogen, which is collected through a hydrogen collection port provided on the closed cavity 102.

[0027] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes, characterized in that: include: An electrolytic cell, comprising an open cavity for placing an electrolyte and a closed cavity, wherein the open cavity is connected to the closed cavity via a proton exchange membrane, and a hydrogen outlet hole is provided in the closed cavity; a solar panel, disposed on the electrolytic cell; A paper-based absorbent, comprising a paper-based electrode layer and a multi-layer water-absorbing structure, wherein the paper-based electrode layer is coated on the multi-layer water-absorbing structure, and the multi-layer water-absorbing structure is connected to the back surface of the solar panel through the paper-based electrode layer, an end of the multi-layer water-absorbing structure away from the paper-based electrode layer is immersed in the electrolyte in the open cavity, and the paper-based electrode layer is connected to the positive output terminal of the solar panel; The counter electrode platinum sheet is fixedly arranged in the closed cavity, and the counter electrode platinum sheet is connected to the negative output end of the solar panel.

2. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The paper-based electrode layer includes a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer, a nickel powder layer and a conductive electrode sheet. The nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer is loaded with the nickel powder layer to form a paper-based electrode. The paper-based electrode is connected to the conductive electrode sheet, and the conductive electrode sheet is connected to the positive output end of the solar panel.

3. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart long strips, and the ends of the plurality of long strips are connected to each other.

4. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The conductive electrode sheet is an iron sheet or a copper sheet.

5. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-layer water-absorbing structure consists of three layers of non-woven fabrics with gradient pore sizes. The pore size of the non-woven fabric in the upper layer is 30-50 μm, the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the middle layer is 10-20 μm, and the pore size of the non-woven fabric in the lower layer is 1-5 μm.

6. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an adjustment mechanism, which includes a first fixed shaft, a telescopic assembly, a second fixed shaft, a first sliding block and a first sliding rail; The first fixed shaft is fixedly arranged on the electrolytic cell, one end of the telescopic assembly is hinged to the second fixed shaft, and the other end is hinged to the second fixed shaft, the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the first slider, the first slider is arranged in the first slide rail and is slidably connected to the first slide rail, and the first slide rail is fixedly connected to the solar panel.

7. The integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes a second slide rail, a second slider, a connecting shaft and a movable plate. The second slide rail is hinged to the first fixed shaft. The second slider is arranged in the second slide rail and is slidably connected to the second slide rail. The second slider is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the movable plate. The movable plate is hinged to the second fixed shaft.

8. A method for preparing an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Coat nickel-carbon conductive adhesive on the surface of three layers of non-woven fabric substrate with gradient pore size to form a nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer. Leave it for 3-5 minutes, evenly load nickel powder on the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive layer and press it into shape. Place it in a drying oven at 120°C for 2 hours to form a paper-based electrode. S2. Using thermally conductive adhesive, adhere the paper-based electrode to the back of the solar panel, and place a conductive electrode sheet on the paper-based electrode. The conductive electrode sheet is connected to the positive output terminal of the solar panel. At the same time, the portion of the non-woven fabric substrate not coated with the nickel-carbon conductive adhesive is immersed in the open cavity of an electrolytic cell filled with electrolyte. S3. A counter electrode platinum sheet is arranged in the closed cavity of the electrolytic cell, and the counter electrode platinum sheet is connected to the negative output end of the solar panel to form a paper-based electrolysis device.

9. The method for preparing an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, the nickel powder has a particle size of 300-500 mesh and a loading of 80-90 mg / cm 2 .

10. The method for preparing an integrated electrolysis device based on photovoltaic waste heat and paper-based electrodes according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the electrolyte is KOH, and its concentration is 1 mol / L.

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