Method for outputting eddy current flaw detection data of weld defects

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding seam defect eddy current flaw detection data output method, which relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and comprises the following steps: detecting a welding seam by using eddy current flaw detection equipment, obtaining original eddy current signal data, and converting an analog signal into a digital signal; filtering processing and normalization processing are carried out on the collected signals; mapping the preprocessed data into a three-dimensional space coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; setting a defect judgment threshold value, and performing defect identification and marking on the data; adopting voxelization processing and a surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a three-dimensional model of the internal defect of the welding seam, and performing optimization processing on the model; the generated three-dimensional model is displayed on a computer screen in a dynamic mode, a user interaction interface is provided, and the problem that space distribution of complex defects in the weld joint is difficult to visually display in a traditional data output mode is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of non-destructive testing, in particular to a method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data. Background Art

[0002] In industrial manufacturing, weld quality plays a critical role in product safety and reliability. Eddy current testing, as a nondestructive testing technology, is widely used to detect weld defects. However, traditional eddy current testing data presentation methods have significant shortcomings.

[0003] Currently, most eddy current flaw detection systems output data only in the form of two-dimensional graphs or simple numerical values. This presentation method makes it difficult to intuitively demonstrate the spatial distribution of complex defects within welds. For example, when a weld contains multiple defects of varying sizes, shapes, and locations, a two-dimensional graph can only display partial information from a single dimension. Inspectors must spend considerable time and effort analyzing the data to roughly infer the defect distribution. Furthermore, for highly concealed defects with complex spatial structures, two-dimensional graphs cannot accurately reflect their true form, which can easily lead to missed detections or misjudgments, compromising product quality.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional presentation methods lack interactivity, preventing inspectors from observing defects from different angles and gaining a comprehensive understanding of their characteristics. This hinders accurate weld quality assessment and timely problem resolution. Therefore, a new method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data is urgently needed to address these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Use eddy current flaw detection equipment to inspect the weld, obtain original eddy current signal data, and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; filter and normalize the collected signal; Step S2: mapping the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional space coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; Step S3: Set the defect judgment threshold to identify and mark defects in the data; Step S4: using voxelization and surface reconstruction algorithms to generate a three-dimensional model of internal defects in the weld, and optimizing the model; Step S5: Display the generated three-dimensional model on the computer screen in a dynamic manner and provide a user interaction interface.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, step S1 further includes: Step S11: using high-precision eddy current flaw detection equipment to emit an alternating magnetic field to generate eddy currents on the surface and inside the weld; Step S12: When there is a defect in the weld, the distribution and intensity of the eddy current change, and a corresponding electrical signal is generated; Step S13: collecting eddy current signal data through the weld scanning information recording module, and converting the analog signal into a digital signal and storing it in a buffer; Step S14: Filter the signal through a low-pass filter, and set the cutoff frequency according to the effective frequency range of the signal. The calculation expression is: , where is the original signal, is the impulse response of the filter, and N is the order of the filter; Step S15: further normalize the filtered signal to adjust the signal amplitude range to The normalized signal The calculation expression is: , where and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the original signal, respectively.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, step S2 further includes: Step S21: Based on the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points, a three-dimensional space coordinate system is established with the scanning direction of the eddy current flaw detection equipment on the weld surface as the x-axis, the perpendicular direction to the scanning as the y-axis, and the sampling depth direction corresponding to the scanning position as the z-axis; Step S22: Determine the moving step length of the eddy current flaw detection equipment , each scanning position corresponds to multiple data points sampled in the depth direction, and the sampling interval is , and set the sampling interval perpendicular to the scanning direction To obtain information about the weld in the width direction; Step S23: For each data sampling point, its coordinate in the three-dimensional space coordinate system is calculated by the following formula: , where i represents the number of the scanning point, is the total scan points; , where j represents the number of the sampling point in the y-axis direction, is the total number of sampling points in the y-axis direction; , where k represents the sequence number of the sampling point in the depth direction, is the total number of sampling points in the depth direction.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, step S3 further includes: Step S31: Analyze the normalized signal z(n) according to the preset defect judgment threshold T, identify abnormal areas in the signal that exceed the threshold, and determine whether there is a defect; Step S32: Locate the coordinates of the identified abnormal data points in three-dimensional space and mark them as potential defect points; Step S33: performing cluster analysis on multiple potential defect points based on a spatial clustering algorithm to determine whether they belong to the same defect area; Step S34: Based on the clustering results, the spatial size, shape characteristics, and center position parameters of each defect area are calculated to further confirm the type and severity of the defect; Step S35: embed the identified and confirmed defect areas into the three-dimensional space model in the form of marks, providing a basis for subsequent model construction and visualization.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, step S4 further includes: Step S41: voxelizing the marked defect point set to discretize the defect area into regular cubic units in three-dimensional space to construct a voxel model; Step S42: Based on the density, connectivity and distribution of the defect units in the voxel model, an isosurface extraction algorithm is used to perform surface reconstruction to generate a triangular mesh model of the defect boundary; Step S43: performing topological inspection and repair on the initially generated triangular mesh model, removing redundant faces, repairing holes, smoothing noise points, and improving the integrity and continuity of the model; Step S44: using the model optimization unit to perform fine processing on the 3D defect model, including mesh simplification, reconstruction detail enhancement, and surface curvature optimization, so as to improve the visualization effect and interactive fluency of the model; Step S45: Save the optimized three-dimensional model in a standard three-dimensional file format and transmit it to the visualization display module.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, step S5 further includes: Step S51: importing the optimized three-dimensional weld defect model into a visualization display module, and generating a dynamic display interface of the model through a graphics rendering engine, supporting rotation, zooming, and translation operations; Step S52: Dynamically display the defect model using keyframe animation or a time series-based data-driven approach to simulate the spatial evolution of the defect along the scanning path; Step S53: Integrate a multi-view window function in the user interaction interface to support switching and viewing of the defect model in different viewing angles; Step S54: providing a user interaction operation unit to support the user to manipulate the model through a mouse, keyboard or touch device, including functions of clicking to view defect information, measuring defect size, and marking defect location; Step S55: The interface displays defect-related information in real time, including defect number, spatial coordinates, volume, surface area, and relative position to the weld boundary, to assist inspection personnel in analysis and evaluation.

[0012] A system for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data, the system comprising a data acquisition module, a three-dimensional model construction module and a visualization display module, wherein the data acquisition module, the three-dimensional model construction module and the visualization display module are interconnected and communicated with each other; wherein, The data acquisition module is used to collect eddy current flaw detection data of the weld and pre-process the collected data; The three-dimensional model building module is used to convert the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional model of internal defects of the weld; The visualization display module is used to display the generated three-dimensional model in a dynamic manner and provide user interaction functions.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the data acquisition module includes a weld scanning information input module and a data preprocessing module; wherein, The weld scanning information input module is used to detect the weld, obtain original eddy current signal data, and convert the eddy current signal in the form of an analog signal into a digital signal; The data preprocessing module is connected to the weld scanning information entry module and includes a filtering submodule and a normalization submodule; the filtering submodule is used to filter the collected digital signal to remove noise and interference; the normalization submodule is used to normalize the filtered signal and adjust the amplitude range of the signal to a preset range.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the three-dimensional model construction module includes a space coordinate mapping unit, a defect recognition module, a defect marking module, a three-dimensional model generation module and a model optimization unit; wherein, The spatial coordinate mapping unit is used to map the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; The defect identification module is connected to the spatial coordinate mapping unit and is used to set a defect judgment threshold and perform defect identification on the data mapped into the three-dimensional space according to the threshold; The defect marking module is connected to the defect identification module and is used to mark the identified defect location; The three-dimensional model generation module is connected to the defect marking module, and uses voxelization processing and surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a three-dimensional model of internal defects of the weld; The model optimization unit is connected to the three-dimensional model generation module and is used to optimize the generated three-dimensional model to improve the quality and visualization effect of the model.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the visual display module includes a dynamic display unit and an interactive operation unit; wherein, The dynamic display unit is used to dynamically display the generated three-dimensional model with animation effects; The interactive operation unit is connected to the dynamic display unit and is used to provide a user interactive interface so that the user can input an operation signal to operate the three-dimensional model.

[0016] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: the present invention realizes the clear presentation of the spatial distribution of defects by constructing an intuitive three-dimensional model, combines programmable digital filtering and parameterized normalization algorithm to improve signal processing reliability and model reconstruction accuracy, and uses spatial coordinate mapping and clustering analysis technology to accurately locate defects. At the same time, a multi-level model optimization strategy is adopted to ensure geometric accuracy and rendering performance. Finally, the user's comprehensive observation and analysis capabilities of defect characteristics are enhanced through dynamic display and interactive operation interface, effectively solving the problems of information loss, high misjudgment rate, poor interactivity and other problems of traditional two-dimensional presentation methods, and significantly improving the accuracy, efficiency and engineering application value of weld defect detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall process of the method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data provided in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the module composition of the output system for eddy current flaw detection data of weld defects provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall process of the method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data provided in the first embodiment of the present invention; In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Use eddy current flaw detection equipment to detect the weld, obtain original eddy current signal data, and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; filter and normalize the collected signal.

[0020] In this embodiment of the present invention, step S1 further includes: Step S11: using high-precision eddy current flaw detection equipment to emit an alternating magnetic field to generate eddy currents on the surface and inside the weld; Step S12: When there is a defect in the weld, the distribution and intensity of the eddy current change, and a corresponding electrical signal is generated; Step S13: collecting eddy current signal data through the weld scanning information recording module, and converting the analog signal into a digital signal and storing it in a buffer; Step S14: Filter the signal through a low-pass filter, and set the cutoff frequency according to the effective frequency range of the signal. The calculation expression is: , where is the original signal, is the impulse response of the filter, and N is the order of the filter. The order of the filter can be selected according to the filtering effect and computational complexity. Generally, the higher the order, the better the filtering effect, but the higher the computational complexity. Step S15: further normalize the filtered signal to adjust the signal amplitude range to The normalized signal The calculation expression is: , where and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the original signal, respectively. By introducing adjustable order and configurable frequency bands, signal preprocessing becomes adaptive. This preprocessing chain quantifies the processing effect of each step through clear mathematical expressions, allowing engineers to quickly adjust parameters in different NDT scenarios. This plays a significant role in improving signal quality and reducing noise interference, and represents a quantifiable preprocessing process implementation that is lacking in existing technologies.

[0021] Step S2: mapping the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional space coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the present invention, step S2 further includes: Step S21: Based on the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points, a three-dimensional space coordinate system is established with the scanning direction of the eddy current flaw detection equipment on the weld surface as the x-axis, the perpendicular direction to the scanning as the y-axis, and the sampling depth direction corresponding to the scanning position as the z-axis; Step S22: Determine the moving step length of the eddy current flaw detection equipment , each scanning position corresponds to multiple data points sampled in the depth direction, and the sampling interval is , and set the sampling interval perpendicular to the scanning direction To obtain information about the weld in the width direction; Step S23: For each data sampling point, its coordinate in the three-dimensional space coordinate system is calculated by the following formula: , where i represents the number of the scanning point, is the total scan points; , where j represents the number of the sampling point in the y-axis direction, is the total number of sampling points in the y-axis direction; , where k represents the sequence number of the sampling point in the depth direction, is the total number of sampling points in the depth direction; through the above formula, each collected data point can be corresponded to a specific position in the three-dimensional space, thereby realizing the accurate positioning and analysis of weld defects.

[0022] Step S3: Set the defect judgment threshold to identify and mark defects in the data; Specifically, step S3 further includes: Step S31: Analyze the normalized signal z(n) according to the preset defect judgment threshold T, identify abnormal areas in the signal that exceed the threshold, and determine whether there is a defect; Step S32: Locate the coordinates of the identified abnormal data points in three-dimensional space and mark them as potential defect points; Step S33: performing cluster analysis on multiple potential defect points based on a spatial clustering algorithm to determine whether they belong to the same defect area; Step S34: Based on the clustering results, the spatial size, shape characteristics, and center position parameters of each defect area are calculated to further confirm the type and severity of the defect; Step S35: The identified and confirmed defect areas are embedded in the 3D spatial model in the form of markers, providing a basis for subsequent model construction and visualization. First, the abnormal points are obtained by threshold judgment, and then the defect areas are determined by spatial clustering. This method breaks through the shortcomings of single threshold noise sensitivity or simple statistical judgment. Through two-level judgment, it takes into account both detection sensitivity and spatial continuity, significantly reducing the false detection rate and missed detection rate. By combining a spatial coordinate mapping unit with a defect recognition module, the present invention accurately maps preprocessed data into a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and identifies and labels defects based on a preset defect threshold. Furthermore, a spatial clustering algorithm is used to cluster multiple potential defects, further confirming the defect type and severity, enabling precise location and analysis of weld defects.

[0023] Step S4: using voxelization and surface reconstruction algorithms to generate a three-dimensional model of the internal defects of the weld, and optimizing the model.

[0024] Step S4 further comprises: Step S41: voxelizing the marked defect point set to discretize the defect area into regular cubic units in three-dimensional space to construct a voxel model; Step S42: Based on the density, connectivity and distribution of the defect units in the voxel model, an isosurface extraction algorithm is used to perform surface reconstruction to generate a triangular mesh model of the defect boundary; Step S43: performing topological inspection and repair on the initially generated triangular mesh model, removing redundant faces, repairing holes, smoothing noise points, and improving the integrity and continuity of the model; Step S44: using the model optimization unit to perform fine processing on the 3D defect model, including mesh simplification, reconstruction detail enhancement, and surface curvature optimization, so as to improve the visualization effect and interactive fluency of the model; Step S45: Save the optimized 3D model in a standard 3D file format and transfer it to the visualization display module. Compared with the existing direct meshing or simple smoothing processing, this step significantly improves the rendering performance and interactivity while ensuring the geometric accuracy of the model through multi-level model optimization, thereby not only improving the model integrity, but also taking into account the rendering speed and detail retention, which is suitable for the real-time visualization needs of large weld defect scenes.

[0025] Step S5: Display the generated three-dimensional model on the computer screen in a dynamic manner and provide a user interaction interface.

[0026] In this embodiment of the present invention, step S5 further includes: Step S51: importing the optimized three-dimensional weld defect model into a visualization display module, and generating a dynamic display interface of the model through a graphics rendering engine, supporting rotation, zooming, and translation operations; Step S52: Dynamically display the defect model using keyframe animation or a time series-based data-driven approach to simulate the spatial evolution of the defect along the scanning path; Step S53: Integrate a multi-view window function in the user interaction interface to support switching viewing of the defect model in different perspectives (such as XY plane, YZ section, and three-dimensional perspective); Step S54: providing a user interaction operation unit to support the user to manipulate the model through a mouse, keyboard or touch device, including functions of clicking to view defect information, measuring defect size, and marking defect location; Step S55: The interface displays defect-related information in real time, including defect number, spatial coordinates, volume, surface area, and relative position to the weld boundary, to assist inspectors in analysis and evaluation. The above interactive steps greatly enhance the user experience and analysis efficiency, helping inspectors to more accurately evaluate weld quality and deal with problems in a timely manner.

[0027] Example 2 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the module composition of the output system for eddy current flaw detection data of weld defects provided in the second embodiment of the present invention; In this embodiment, the system includes: a data acquisition module, a three-dimensional model construction module and a visualization display module, and the data acquisition module, the three-dimensional model construction module and the visualization display module are interconnected; wherein, The data acquisition module is used to collect eddy current flaw detection data of welds and pre-process the collected data; The three-dimensional model building module is used to convert the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional model of internal defects in the weld; The visualization display module is used to display the generated three-dimensional model in a dynamic manner and provide user interaction functions.

[0028] The data acquisition module includes a weld scanning information input module and a data preprocessing module; The weld scanning information input module is used to detect the weld, obtain the original eddy current signal data, and convert the eddy current signal in the form of an analog signal into a digital signal; The data preprocessing module is connected to the weld scanning information entry module, and includes a filtering submodule and a normalization submodule. The filtering submodule is used to filter the collected digital signal to remove noise and interference. The normalization submodule is used to normalize the filtered signal and adjust the amplitude range of the signal to a preset range. By providing the weld scanning information entry module and the data preprocessing module, different filter configurations and normalization schemes can be flexibly enabled according to the on-site working conditions. Unlike the fixed hardware filtering or pure software filtering commonly used in the prior art, this scheme uses programmable digital filters and parameterized normalization algorithms to achieve dual visual adjustment of the signal frequency component and amplitude range, allowing for rapid adjustment when facing different materials and weld geometries, improving signal reliability and subsequent model reconstruction quality, reducing the cost of repeated experiments, and having significant engineering application value.

[0029] The 3D model construction module includes a spatial coordinate mapping unit, a defect recognition module, a defect marking module, a 3D model generation module and a model optimization unit; wherein, The spatial coordinate mapping unit is used to map the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; The defect identification module is connected to the spatial coordinate mapping unit and is used to set the defect judgment threshold and perform defect identification on the data mapped into the three-dimensional space according to the threshold; The defect marking module is connected to the defect identification module and is used to mark the identified defect locations; The 3D model generation module is connected to the defect marking module, and uses voxelization processing and surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a 3D model of internal defects in the weld; The model optimization unit is connected to the three-dimensional model generation module and is used to optimize the generated three-dimensional model to improve the quality and visualization effect of the model.

[0030] The visual display module includes a dynamic display unit and an interactive operation unit; The dynamic display unit is used to dynamically display the generated three-dimensional model with animation effects; The interactive operation unit is connected to the dynamic display unit and is used to provide a user interactive interface so that the user can input an operation signal to operate the three-dimensional model; By constructing a three-dimensional model of internal defects in welds, the two-dimensional flaw detection data that was originally difficult to understand intuitively is converted into an intuitive three-dimensional visualization display, allowing inspectors to clearly and comprehensively understand the spatial distribution, size, shape and position of internal defects in welds, effectively avoiding the information loss and misjudgment problems under traditional two-dimensional chart presentation methods, and greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of detection.

[0031] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0032] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0033] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which are all protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data, characterized by: The method for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data comprises the following steps: Step S1: Use eddy current flaw detection equipment to inspect the weld, obtain original eddy current signal data, and convert the analog signal into a digital signal; filter and normalize the collected signal; Step S2: mapping the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional space coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; Step S3: Set the defect judgment threshold to identify and mark defects in the data; Step S4: using voxelization and surface reconstruction algorithms to generate a three-dimensional model of internal defects in the weld, and optimizing the model; Step S5: Display the generated three-dimensional model on the computer screen in a dynamic manner and provide a user interaction interface.

2. The method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 further comprises: Step S11: using high-precision eddy current flaw detection equipment to emit an alternating magnetic field to generate eddy currents on the surface and inside the weld; Step S12: When there is a defect in the weld, the distribution and intensity of the eddy current change, and a corresponding electrical signal is generated; Step S13: collecting eddy current signal data through the weld scanning information recording module, and converting the analog signal into a digital signal and storing it in a buffer; Step S14: Filter the signal through a low-pass filter, and set the cutoff frequency according to the effective frequency range of the signal. The calculation expression is: , where is the original signal, is the impulse response of the filter, and N is the order of the filter; Step S15: further normalize the filtered signal to adjust the signal amplitude range to The normalized signal The calculation expression is: , where and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the original signal, respectively.

3. The method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 further comprises: Step S21: Based on the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points, a three-dimensional space coordinate system is established with the scanning direction of the eddy current flaw detection equipment on the weld surface as the x-axis, the perpendicular direction to the scanning as the y-axis, and the sampling depth direction corresponding to the scanning position as the z-axis; Step S22: Determine the moving step length of the eddy current flaw detection equipment , each scanning position corresponds to multiple data points sampled in the depth direction, and the sampling interval is , and set the sampling interval perpendicular to the scanning direction To obtain information about the weld in the width direction; Step S23: For each data sampling point, its coordinate in the three-dimensional space coordinate system is calculated by the following formula: , where i represents the number of the scanning point, is the total scan points; , where j represents the number of the sampling point in the y-axis direction, is the total number of sampling points in the y-axis direction; , where k represents the sequence number of the sampling point in the depth direction, is the total number of sampling points in the depth direction.

4. The method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S3 further comprises: Step S31: Analyze the normalized signal z(n) according to the preset defect judgment threshold T, identify abnormal areas in the signal that exceed the threshold, and determine whether there is a defect; Step S32: Locate the coordinates of the identified abnormal data points in three-dimensional space and mark them as potential defect points; Step S33: performing cluster analysis on multiple potential defect points based on a spatial clustering algorithm to determine whether they belong to the same defect area; Step S34: Based on the clustering results, the spatial size, shape characteristics, and center position parameters of each defect area are calculated to further confirm the type and severity of the defect; Step S35: embed the identified and confirmed defect areas into the three-dimensional space model in the form of marks, providing a basis for subsequent model construction and visualization.

5. The method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S4 further comprises: Step S41: voxelizing the marked defect point set to discretize the defect area into regular cubic units in three-dimensional space to construct a voxel model; Step S42: Based on the density, connectivity and distribution of the defect units in the voxel model, an isosurface extraction algorithm is used to perform surface reconstruction to generate a triangular mesh model of the defect boundary; Step S43: performing topological inspection and repair on the initially generated triangular mesh model, removing redundant faces, repairing holes, smoothing noise points, and improving the integrity and continuity of the model; Step S44: using the model optimization unit to perform fine processing on the 3D defect model, including mesh simplification, reconstruction detail enhancement, and surface curvature optimization, so as to improve the visualization effect and interactive fluency of the model; Step S45: Save the optimized three-dimensional model in a standard three-dimensional file format and transmit it to the visualization display module.

6. The method for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S5 further comprises: Step S51: importing the optimized three-dimensional weld defect model into a visualization display module, and generating a dynamic display interface of the model through a graphics rendering engine, supporting rotation, zooming, and translation operations; Step S52: Dynamically display the defect model using keyframe animation or a time series-based data-driven approach to simulate the spatial evolution of the defect along the scanning path; Step S53: Integrate a multi-view window function in the user interaction interface to support switching and viewing of the defect model in different viewing angles; Step S54: providing a user interaction operation unit to support the user to manipulate the model through a mouse, keyboard or touch device, including functions of clicking to view defect information, measuring defect size, and marking defect location; Step S55: The interface displays defect-related information in real time, including defect number, spatial coordinates, volume, surface area, and relative position to the weld boundary, to assist inspection personnel in analysis and evaluation.

7. A system for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data for implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes a data acquisition module, a three-dimensional model construction module and a visualization display module, which are interconnected and communicate with each other; wherein, The data acquisition module is used to collect eddy current flaw detection data of the weld and pre-process the collected data; The three-dimensional model building module is used to convert the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional model of internal defects of the weld; The visualization display module is used to display the generated three-dimensional model in a dynamic manner and provide user interaction functions.

8. The system for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes a weld scanning information input module and a data preprocessing module; wherein, The weld scanning information input module is used to detect the weld, obtain original eddy current signal data, and convert the eddy current signal in the form of an analog signal into a digital signal; The data preprocessing module is connected to the weld scanning information entry module and includes a filtering submodule and a normalization submodule; the filtering submodule is used to filter the collected digital signal to remove noise and interference; the normalization submodule is used to normalize the filtered signal and adjust the amplitude range of the signal to a preset range.

9. The system for outputting weld defect eddy current testing data according to claim 7, characterized in that: The three-dimensional model construction module includes a space coordinate mapping unit, a defect recognition module, a defect marking module, a three-dimensional model generation module and a model optimization unit; wherein, The spatial coordinate mapping unit is used to map the pre-processed data into a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system according to the scanning path of the eddy current flaw detection equipment and the position information of the sampling points; The defect identification module is connected to the spatial coordinate mapping unit and is used to set a defect judgment threshold and perform defect identification on the data mapped into the three-dimensional space according to the threshold; The defect marking module is connected to the defect identification module and is used to mark the identified defect location; The three-dimensional model generation module is connected to the defect marking module, and uses voxelization processing and surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a three-dimensional model of internal defects of the weld; The model optimization unit is connected to the three-dimensional model generation module and is used to optimize the generated three-dimensional model to improve the quality and visualization effect of the model.

10. The system for outputting weld defect eddy current flaw detection data according to claim 7, characterized in that: The visual display module includes a dynamic display unit and an interactive operation unit; wherein, The dynamic display unit is used to dynamically display the generated three-dimensional model with animation effects; The interactive operation unit is connected to the dynamic display unit and is used to provide a user interactive interface so that the user can input an operation signal to operate the three-dimensional model.

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