Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthetic electromagnetic wave coupling device

Abstract

The invention discloses a split-band synthetic electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms. The split-band synthetic electromagnetic wave coupling device comprises an energy collecting and processing case, a millimeter wave local oscillator source, a coaxial switch matrix, a surface plasma transmission line, a microwave local oscillator source, a laser generator and a photoelectric detector. The energy collecting and processing case comprises a plurality of frequency band antennas, a waveguide magic T, a waveguide adapter, a waveguide probe and a parabolic mirror, the frequency band antennas are connected with the corresponding coaxial switch matrix and the waveguide magic T after receiving incoming wave signals, and the coaxial switch matrix is connected to a plasma transmission line channel of the surface plasma transmission line; and the waveguide magic T is connected to the waveguide adapter, and is irradiated to the atomic gas chamber above the plasma transmission line channel through the waveguide probe and the parabolic reflector. And the laser generator irradiates the atomic gas chamber and then outputs to the photoelectric detector for detection. According to the invention, the problem of integration of a plurality of coupling channels is effectively solved, and meanwhile, efficient coupling of local oscillator signals, received incoming wave signals and the atomic gas chamber is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-band electromagnetic wave coupling, and in particular to a Rydberg atom-based sub-band synthetic electromagnetic wave coupling device. Background Art

[0002] The development of multi-band fusion technology and high-frequency measurement for high-speed wireless communications and anti-stealth radars has created an urgent need for highly sensitive measurements of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic spectrum. Rydberg atoms offer an advanced solution. When Rydberg atoms interact with electromagnetic fields, atomic energy level transitions can alter their optical properties. By modulating the detection and control laser to excite the atoms into Rydberg states, the electromagnetic wave signal splits the Rydberg atom's transparent spectrum. Measuring this spectral change allows the extraction of the signal's frequency, amplitude, and phase information. By exploiting the resonant and non-resonant coupling between atoms and electric fields, superheterodyne reception of the electric field is possible, enabling precise measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic spectrum. Because Rydberg atoms have a large electric dipole moment and a strong response to weak electric fields, the frequency difference between adjacent energy levels can cover the entire microwave and terahertz bands. Therefore, Rydberg atom spectrum measurement technology offers the advantages of high sensitivity and a wide frequency range.

[0003] The coupling response between the Rydberg atomic cell and broadband electromagnetic fields directly determines the fundamental performance of Rydberg atomic spectrum analyzers. For microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz signals covering frequencies from 1 GHz to 300 GHz, and even from 1 GHz to 1.1 THz, efficient coupling between the incoming signal and the atomic cell, as well as the local oscillator signal, is required. Furthermore, each channel must be isolated from the others and polarization matching guaranteed. Existing technologies are unable to address this issue. Common techniques for existing Rydberg atom-based electromagnetic wave receivers include using antennas to receive signals within a certain frequency range, using lenses to direct energy into ultra-wideband signals, and using flat capacitors to create a field resonance zone. These techniques are primarily designed for coupling single-channel signals. The above technical means cannot take into account the situation where external signals and local oscillator signals are coupled with the atomic gas chamber at the same time, and the frequency range is narrow. Moreover, for spectrum testing of ultra-large octave broadband signals spanning the microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the electromagnetic wave signal needs to maintain a high coupling efficiency with the atomic gas chamber throughout the entire frequency range. It is difficult to meet the coupling of ultra-wide bandwidth electromagnetic wave signals or the coupling efficiency is low, making it difficult to use for ultra-wide bandwidth spectrum measurements. It requires an integrated multi-channel coupling device, and existing technologies cannot solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing background technology and to provide a frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms includes an energy collection and processing chassis, multiple millimeter-wave local oscillator sources, a coaxial switch matrix, a surface plasma transmission line, a microwave local oscillator source, multiple laser generators and a photodetector.

[0007] The energy collection and processing chassis includes multiple frequency band antennas, multiple waveguide magic Ts, waveguide adapters, waveguide probes and parabolic reflectors. The multiple frequency band antennas are connected to a coaxial switch matrix or a waveguide magic T, and the multiple waveguide magic Ts are all connected to the waveguide adapter. The waveguide adapter is connected to the waveguide probe, and the output end of the waveguide probe points to the parabolic reflector fixed in the chassis. The energy collection and processing chassis is provided with a wave-transmitting window on the side facing the millimeter wave local oscillator source, and the band reflected by the parabolic reflector is emitted from the wave-transmitting window.

[0008] Multiple millimeter-wave local oscillator sources are set next to the energy collection and processing chassis and connected to the above-mentioned waveguide magic T.

[0009] The surface plasma transmission line is arranged beside the energy collection and processing chassis, and includes a transmission line support base, a transmission line substrate, a plasma transmission line channel, an atomic gas chamber, a beam splitter, and a reflector. The transmission line substrate is arranged at the top of the transmission line support base. The plasma transmission line channel is provided with two parallel channels. The input end of one plasma transmission line channel is connected to the above-mentioned coaxial switch matrix, and the output end thereof is connected to a matching load; the input end of the other plasma transmission line channel is connected to the above-mentioned microwave local oscillator source, and the output end thereof is connected to a matching load; the above-mentioned atomic gas chamber is mounted above the above-mentioned two plasma transmission line channels.

[0010] A plurality of laser generators are arranged beside the surface plasma transmission line, and the laser generators irradiate the atomic gas chamber and then output to a photoelectric detector for detection.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy collection and processing chassis includes five frequency band antennas, namely antenna 1, antenna 2, antenna 3, antenna 4, and antenna 5. Antenna 1 is a 1GHz~10GHz ultra-wideband antenna, antenna 2 is a 10GHz~110GHz ultra-wideband ridge waveguide horn antenna, antenna 3 is a 110GHz~170GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, antenna 4 is a 170GHz~220GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, and antenna 5 is a 220GHz~300GHz standard waveguide horn antenna. Antenna 1 and antenna 2 are connected to a 1GHz~110GHz coaxial switch matrix through an RF connector, and the two signals are merged into one.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy collection and processing chassis includes three waveguide magic Ts, each of which has four ports, namely P1, P2, P3, and P4; the P1 ports of the three waveguide magic Ts are all connected to the matching load, the P2 ports are respectively connected to the above-mentioned antenna 3, antenna 4, and antenna 5 through standard waveguides, the P3 ports are respectively connected to the 110GHz~170GHz, 170GHz~220GHz, and 220GHz~300GHz millimeter wave local oscillator sources, and the P4 ports are output ports, all of which are connected to the waveguide adapter.

[0013] Furthermore, the waveguide probe is located at the focus of the parabolic reflector, and the beam radiated by the waveguide probe is shaped into a plane wave after passing through the parabola and irradiated onto the atomic gas chamber, which is uniformly irradiated with the same polarization.

[0014] Furthermore, the middle sections of the two plasma transmission line channels in the surface plasma transmission line form a stable near-field coupling enhancement region, and the atomic gas chamber is placed directly above the region.

[0015] Furthermore, there are two laser generators, one of which irradiates from the left end of the atomic gas chamber, and the other laser generator irradiates from the right end of the atomic gas chamber through a reflector. The two lasers generate two-photon resonance excitation in the atomic gas chamber, and the output response enters the photodetector through a beam splitter for detection.

[0016] Furthermore, the microwave local oscillator source is a 1 GHz to 110 GHz microwave local oscillator source.

[0017] Furthermore, the connections between various devices in the 1 GHz to 110 GHz frequency band are based on coaxial transmission lines, and the connections between various devices in the 110 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band are based on waveguide transmission lines.

[0018] Furthermore, the device can be expanded to higher frequency bands, covering 1GHz~1.1THz, which are divided into 1GHz~10GHz, 10GHz~110GHz, 110GHz~170GHz, 170GHz~220GHz, 220GHz~325GHz, 325GHz~500GHz, 500GHz~750GHz, and 750GHz~1.1THz. The last six frequency bands are respectively connected to the antenna, waveguide magic T, local oscillator source, and matching load of the corresponding frequency bands, and the six output ports are connected to the waveguide adapter, and then radiated near the same spatial position through the waveguide probe. The radiation beam is shaped into a plane wave by a parabolic reflector and irradiated to the atomic gas chamber for coupling.

[0019] Furthermore, the local oscillator sources corresponding to 325 GHz to 500 GHz, 500 GHz to 750 GHz, and 750 GHz to 1.1 THz are terahertz local oscillator sources.

[0020] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention solves the problem of ultra-large octave broadband coverage in the 1GHz~300GHz, 1GHz~1.1THz microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands through the integration of multiple coupling channels, and can simultaneously meet the efficient coupling of the local oscillator signal with the atomic gas chamber, and the received wave signal with the atomic gas chamber, while taking into account the polarization matching, mutual isolation and coupling efficiency, changing the current situation that traditional single-channel coupling technology cannot be used for superheterodyne reception Rydberg atomic spectrum testing, and providing a foundation for the development of Rydberg atomic spectrum testing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ultra-large bandwidth high-efficiency coupling device based on Rydberg atoms of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the coupling device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Isometric view of the mid-structure;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy collection and processing chassis of the present invention (with surface plasma transmission line);

[0025] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the assembly relationship between the surface plasma transmission line, the laser generator, and the photodetector in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the surface plasma transmission line in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the 110GHz to 300GHz coupling principle structure of the coupling device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another high-efficiency coupling device for expanding higher frequency bands according to the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1. Energy harvesting and processing chassis, 2. 110GHz~170GHz millimeter wave local oscillator source, 3. 170GHz~220GHz millimeter wave local oscillator source, 4. 220GHz~300GHz millimeter wave local oscillator source, 5. 1GHz~110GHz microwave local oscillator source, 6. Laser generator, 7. Laser generator, 8. Photodetector, 9. 1GHz~110GHz coaxial switch matrix, 10. 1GHz~10GHz ultra-wideband antenna, 11. 10GHz~110GHz ultra-wideband ridge waveguide horn antenna, 12. 110GHz~170GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, 13. 170GHz~220 GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, 14. 220GHz~300GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, 15. 110GHz~170GHz waveguide magic T, 16. 170GHz~220GHz waveguide magic T, 17. 220GHz~300GHz waveguide magic T, 18. Waveguide converter, 19. Waveguide probe, 20. Parabolic reflector, 21. Wave-transmitting window, 22. Matching load, 23. Matching load, 24. Matching load, 25. Beam splitter, 26. Reflector, 27. Reflector, 28. Atomic gas chamber, 29. Transmission line support base, 30. Transmission line substrate, 31. Plasma transmission line channel, 32. Matching load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "inside", "outside", "side", "one end", "the other end", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely relational words determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationships of the various components in the present invention, and do not specifically mean that any component in the present invention must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," "disposed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; and they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Example 1,

[0034] Taking the reception of 1GHz~300GHz incoming signal as an example, combined with Figures 1 to 7As shown, a frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms includes an energy collection and processing chassis 1, three millimeter-wave local oscillator sources, a coaxial switch matrix, a surface plasma transmission line, a microwave local oscillator source, multiple laser generators and a photodetector.

[0035] The energy collection and processing chassis 1 includes five frequency band antennas, three waveguide magic Ts, a waveguide adapter 18, a waveguide probe 19 and a parabolic reflector 20. The five frequency band antennas are antenna 1, antenna 2, antenna 3, antenna 4 and antenna 5. Antenna 1 is a 1GHz-10GHz ultra-wideband antenna 10, antenna 2 is a 10GHz-110GHz ultra-wideband ridge waveguide horn antenna 11, antenna 3 is a 110GHz-170GHz standard waveguide horn antenna 12, antenna 4 is a 170GHz-220GHz standard waveguide horn antenna 13, and antenna 5 is a 220GHz-300GHz standard waveguide horn antenna 14; the three waveguide magic Ts are a 110GHz-170GHz waveguide magic T 15, a 170GHz-220GHz waveguide magic T 16, and a 220GHz-300GHz waveguide magic T 17. Each waveguide magic T has four ports, namely P1, P2, P3 and P4. The antenna 1 and antenna 2 receive the corresponding 1GHz~110GHz wave signals, and are connected to the 1GHz~110GHz coaxial switch matrix 9 through the RF connector. The two signals are merged into one, and the seamless coverage of the 1GHz~110GHz signal is achieved through switch control; the antenna 3, antenna 4 and antenna 5 receive the corresponding 110GHz~300GHz wave signals, and are connected to the P2 ports of the corresponding three waveguide magic T through standard waveguides. The P4 ports of the three waveguide magic Ts are output ports, all of which are connected to the above-mentioned waveguide adapter 18 is connected; the waveguide adapter 18 is connected to the waveguide probe 19, and the three waveguides are transmitted to the waveguide probe 19, so that the waveguide ports are spatially adjacent to each other and a broadband signal output is generated near the same spatial position; the parabolic reflector 20 is fixed inside the energy collection and processing chassis 1, and the waveguide probe 19 is located at the focus of the parabolic reflector 20, and its output end points to the parabolic reflector 20; a wave-transmitting window 21 is also provided on the side wall of the energy collection and processing chassis 1, which is located on the output line of the parabolic reflector 20.

[0036] The above three millimeter-wave local oscillator sources are arranged next to the energy collection and processing chassis 1, including a 110GHz~170GHz millimeter-wave local oscillator source 2, a 170GHz~220GHz millimeter-wave local oscillator source 3, and a 220GHz~300GHz millimeter-wave local oscillator source 4. The three millimeter-wave local oscillator sources are respectively connected to the P3 ports of the above three corresponding waveguide magic Ts; the P1 ports of the above three waveguide magic Ts are respectively connected to the corresponding matching loads 22, 23, and 24.

[0037] The surface plasma transmission line is arranged beside the above-mentioned energy collection and processing chassis 1, and includes a transmission line support base 29, a transmission line substrate 30, a plasma transmission line channel 31, an atomic gas chamber 28, a beam splitter 25, and reflectors 26 and 27. The transmission line substrate 30 is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission line support base 29. The plasma transmission line channel 31 is provided with two mutually parallel channels, which are laid on the upper surface of the above-mentioned transmission line substrate 30 at intervals. In the middle section of the two plasma transmission line channels 31, an artificially designed bending line structure is used to confine the transmitted energy near the surface of the transmission line, which has a wide bandwidth and low loss. Characteristics, forming a stable near-field coupling enhancement zone. The atomic gas chamber 28 is installed directly above this region, utilizing near-field coupling to achieve good and efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves by the atomic gas chamber 28. The input end of one of the two plasma transmission line channels 31 is connected to the output end of the 1GHz-110GHz coaxial switch matrix 9 to receive incoming wave signals, and its output end is connected to a corresponding matching load 32 for absorption. The input end of the other plasma transmission line channel 31 is connected to the 1GHz-110GHz microwave local oscillator source 5 to receive local oscillator signals, and its output end is also connected to a corresponding matching load 32 for absorption. Signals in the plasma transmission line channel 31 are transmitted in a non-reflective, unidirectional manner. The beam radiated by the waveguide probe 19 is reflected and shaped into a plane wave by the parabolic reflector 20, emitted from the wave-transmitting window 21, and irradiated onto the atomic gas chamber 28, providing uniform co-polarized illumination.

[0038] Two laser generators are provided, both located beside the surface plasmon transmission line. One laser generator 6 illuminates from the left end of atomic gas chamber 28, while the other laser generator 7 illuminates from the right end of atomic gas chamber 28 after passing through reflectors 27 and 26. The two lasers generate two-photon resonant excitation within atomic gas chamber 28. The output response passes through beam splitter 25 and enters photodetector 8 for detection. By controlling the frequency sweep of microwave and millimeter-wave local oscillator sources, spectrum measurement of large-bandwidth unknown signals can be achieved.

[0039] The specific operating principle is as follows: 1GHz to 300GHz incoming signals are divided into frequency bands by the aforementioned antenna sorting, with ultra-wideband incoming signals being fed into five different channels. The components in the 1GHz to 110GHz frequency band are connected via coaxial transmission lines; the components in the 110GHz to 300GHz frequency band are connected via waveguide transmission lines. The three received incoming signals and the local oscillator feed signal are isolated using the inherent signal separation characteristics of the waveguide magic T, generating three outputs. These three waveguides are then connected to the waveguide probe 19 via a waveguide adapter 18, placing the waveguide outlets adjacent to each other. This generates broadband signal outputs near the same output channel, simplifying the design complexity of the subsequent beamforming device. The above-mentioned atomic gas chamber 28 is coupled with 1GHz~110GHz signals (including incoming wave signals and local oscillator source signals) through surface plasma transmission line induction, and the polarization state of the field is adjusted by precisely controlling the structural parameters of the transmission line, thereby maintaining the polarization consistency of the electromagnetic field within a wide band, meeting the requirements of the coupling device of the present invention for polarization control; through spatial plane wave irradiation and coupling with 110GHz~300GHz signals (including incoming wave signals and local oscillator source signals), efficient coupling of 1GHz~300GHz ultra-wide bandwidth microwave signals and the atomic gas chamber 28 is achieved.

[0040] Example 2,

[0041] The above-mentioned frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms can be expanded to higher frequency bands, covering 1GHz~1.1THz by increasing the number of waveguide channels. Figure 8 As shown, the 110 GHz to 1.1 THz frequency band is divided into 110 GHz to 170 GHz, 170 GHz to 220 GHz, 220 GHz to 325 GHz, 325 GHz to 500 GHz, 500 GHz to 750 GHz, and 750 GHz to 1.1 THz. These six frequency bands are connected to the corresponding antennas, waveguide magic T-pieces, local oscillators, and matching loads. The output ports of the six waveguide magic T-pieces are connected to a waveguide adapter 18. The outputs are then radiated near the same spatial location through a waveguide probe 19. The radiated beam is shaped into a plane wave by a parabolic reflector 20, passes through a wave-transmitting window 21, and irradiates the atomic gas chamber 28 for coupling. Furthermore, the local oscillators corresponding to the 325 GHz to 500 GHz, 500 GHz to 750 GHz, and 750 GHz to 1.1 THz bands are terahertz local oscillators.

[0042] In the higher frequency band, 1 GHz to 110 GHz is also divided into 1 GHz to 10 GHz and 10 GHz to 110 GHz. The structure and working principle of the coupling device in the entire extended frequency band are the same as those described in the above embodiment 1. Only the number of channels inside the waveguide adapter and waveguide probe corresponding to the extended band is changed from 3 channels to 6 channels.

[0043] The present invention proposes a hybrid coupling method that combines a near-field enhanced coupling zone with a far-field plane wave irradiation. For frequency bands below 110 GHz, an ultra-wideband transmission line is used to establish a near-field coupling enhancement zone. For frequency bands above 110 GHz, a plane wave irradiation zone is established using multi-channel waveguide radiation and lens beam shaping. The two regions overlap, and efficient coupling of ultra-large octave electromagnetic waves with the atomic gas chamber 28 of 300:1 or higher can be achieved. It has the advantages of wide bandwidth coverage, high coupling efficiency, high broadband consistency, and good polarization matching.

[0044] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device based on Rydberg atoms, characterized by: It includes an energy harvesting and processing chassis, multiple millimeter-wave local oscillator sources, a coaxial switch matrix, a surface plasmon transmission line, a microwave local oscillator source, multiple laser generators, and photodetectors; The energy collection and processing chassis includes multiple frequency band antennas, multiple waveguide magic Ts, waveguide adapters, waveguide probes, and parabolic reflectors. The multiple frequency band antennas are connected to a coaxial switch matrix or a waveguide magic T, and the multiple waveguide magic Ts are connected to the waveguide adapter. The waveguide adapter is connected to the waveguide probe, and the output end of the waveguide probe points to the parabolic reflector fixed in the chassis. The energy collection and processing chassis is provided with a wave-transmitting window on the side facing the millimeter wave local oscillator source, and the band reflected by the parabolic reflector is emitted from the wave-transmitting window. Multiple millimeter-wave local oscillator sources are set up beside the energy collection and processing chassis and connected to the above-mentioned waveguide magic T; The surface plasma transmission line is arranged beside the energy collection and processing chassis, and includes a transmission line support base, a transmission line substrate, a plasma transmission line channel, an atomic gas chamber, a beam splitter, and a reflector, wherein the transmission line substrate is arranged at the top of the transmission line support base, and the plasma transmission line channel is provided with two mutually parallel channels, wherein the input end of one plasma transmission line channel is connected to the above-mentioned coaxial switch matrix, and the output end thereof is connected to a matching load; the input end of the other plasma transmission line channel is connected to the above-mentioned microwave local oscillator source, and the output end thereof is connected to a matching load; the above-mentioned atomic gas chamber is erected above the above-mentioned two plasma transmission line channels; A plurality of laser generators are arranged beside the surface plasma transmission line, and the laser generators irradiate the atomic gas chamber and then output to a photoelectric detector for detection.

2. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy collection and processing chassis contains five frequency band antennas, namely antenna 1, antenna 2, antenna 3, antenna 4, and antenna 5. Antenna 1 is a 1GHz-10GHz ultra-wideband antenna, antenna 2 is a 10GHz-110GHz ultra-wideband ridge waveguide horn antenna, antenna 3 is a 110GHz-170GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, antenna 4 is a 170GHz-220GHz standard waveguide horn antenna, and antenna 5 is a 220GHz-300GHz standard waveguide horn antenna. Antenna 1 and antenna 2 are connected to a 1GHz-110GHz coaxial switch matrix through an RF connector, and the two signals are merged into one.

3. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy collection and processing chassis contains three waveguide magic Ts, each of which has four ports, namely P1, P2, P3, and P4; the P1 ports of the three waveguide magic Ts are all connected to the matching load, the P2 ports are respectively connected to the above-mentioned antenna 3, antenna 4, and antenna 5 through standard waveguides, the P3 ports are respectively connected to the 110GHz~170GHz, 170GHz~220GHz, and 220GHz~300GHz millimeter wave local oscillator sources, and the P4 ports are output ports, all of which are connected to the waveguide adapter.

4. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide probe is located at the focus of the parabolic reflector. The beam radiated by the waveguide probe is shaped into a plane wave after passing through the parabola and irradiates the atomic gas chamber, which is uniformly irradiated with the same polarization.

5. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle sections of the two plasma transmission line channels in the surface plasma transmission line form a stable near-field coupling enhancement region, and the atomic gas chamber is placed right above the region.

6. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two laser generators are provided, one of which irradiates from the left end of the atomic gas chamber, and the other irradiates from the right end of the atomic gas chamber via a reflector. The two lasers generate two-photon resonance excitation in the atomic gas chamber, and the output response enters the photoelectric detector for detection via a beam splitter.

7. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave local oscillator source is a 1 GHz to 110 GHz microwave local oscillator source.

8. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The connections between devices in the 1GHz to 110GHz frequency band are based on coaxial transmission lines, and the connections between devices in the 110GHz to 300GHz frequency band are based on waveguide transmission lines.

9. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device can be expanded to higher frequency bands, covering 1GHz~1.1THz, which are divided into 1GHz~10GHz, 10GHz~110GHz, 110GHz~170GHz, 170GHz~220GHz, 220GHz~325GHz, 325GHz~500GHz, 500GHz~750GHz, and 750GHz~1.1THz. The last six frequency bands are respectively connected to the antenna, waveguide magic T, local oscillator source, and matching load of the corresponding frequency bands, and the six output ports are connected to the waveguide adapter, and then radiated near the same spatial position through the waveguide probe. The radiation beam is shaped into a plane wave by a parabolic reflector and irradiated to the atomic gas chamber for coupling.

10. The Rydberg atom-based frequency-band synthesized electromagnetic wave coupling device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Among them, the local oscillator sources corresponding to 325GHz~500GHz, 500GHz~750GHz, and 750GHz~1.1THz are terahertz local oscillator sources.

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