Cross-technology communication method and system of electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a cross-technology communication method and system of electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things equipment, which can actively modulate electromagnetic radiation of a VGA (Video Graphics Array) or HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) video cable and control the video cable to emit a data packet which can be identified and decoded by the LoRa Internet of Things equipment by playing a picture or a video generated by an algorithm in the invention. According to the pixel stream calculation method provided by the invention, electromagnetic radiation of the video cable and the frequency of harmonic waves of the electromagnetic radiation can be accurately controlled; according to the method, electromagnetic radiation is modulated according to a data packet format specified by a LoRa Internet of Things protocol, and electromagnetic radiation conforming to a LoRa data packet waveform is transmitted on a LoRa frequency band, so that commercial LoRa equipment receives and decodes a data packet from electromagnetic radiation coding and modulation, and cross-technology communication between the electromagnetic radiation based on a video cable and LoRa Internet of Things equipment is realized. The method has the advantages of being high in data transmission rate, long in transmission distance, easy and convenient to implement and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of information security and Internet of Things communication technology, and specifically relates to a cross-technology communication method and system for electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern communications, compatibility between different communication technologies is a crucial research topic. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), various communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and LoRa, are being widely adopted in diverse application scenarios. These technologies typically operate in specific frequency bands and employ distinct communication protocols and data transmission mechanisms. Cross-technology communication (CTC) refers to direct communication between different communication technologies. This method can expand device communication capabilities and enhance network flexibility and coverage.

[0003] As an emerging Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology, LoRa has been widely used in smart cities, environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and other fields due to its excellent long-distance transmission capabilities and low power consumption. LoRa technology uses spread spectrum technology to communicate in the licensed ISM band. Its signal has strong penetration and anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for building large-scale IoT networks.

[0004] Video cables, on the other hand, are common connectors in display devices. Traditionally, they've only been used to connect graphics output devices and display devices to transmit video signals. However, VGA and HDMI cables can inadvertently emit strong electromagnetic radiation during operation, and the intensity and frequency of this electromagnetic radiation are highly correlated with the pixel information transmitted over the cable. By designing and playing specially crafted videos, video cables can be transformed into specialized RF transmitters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a cross-technology communication method and system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices. The method is used to solve the technical problem of how to use the unintentional electromagnetic radiation of video cables to achieve direct cross-protocol communication with standard LoRa devices, and to realize the use of electromagnetic radiation from ubiquitous display devices to transmit standard LoRa signals, so that commercial LoRa gateways / nodes can directly decode them without any modification, thereby building a new CTC link in which the screen is the transmitter.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices, comprising the following steps: Calculate the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW for the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa IoT protocol data packet; The obtained frequency and time relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into an image or video; Play the generated pictures or videos, and control the cable to transmit data packets modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device; Receive the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet and obtain the original data it carries through demodulation and decoding.

[0007] Preferably, calculating the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW is specifically performed by the following steps: In the transmit mode of the LoRa gateway or node, set the selected communication frequency , spreading factor SF, bandwidth BW, and the original data to be sent, and transmit the corresponding data packet; Capture a standard LoRa data packet, perform despreading calculations on each Chirp symbol in the Payload part and the optional CRC part of the data packet, and obtain the frequency offset K of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW.

[0008] Preferably, the obtained frequency and time relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into a picture or video, specifically: Based on the obtained frequency offset K, according to the pixel clock of the display device 、LoRa communication frequency , LoRa packet bandwidth BW and LoRa packet spreading factor Calculate the black and white pixel stream that is consistent with the LoRa waveform of the modulated video cable's electromagnetic radiation; convert the black and white pixel stream into an image according to the screen resolution, and overlay the images frame by frame to generate a video.

[0009] Preferably, the pixel clock Specifically:

[0010] in, The number of horizontal pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The number of vertical pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The refresh rate set for the display device.

[0011] Preferably, the black and white pixel stream is specifically: During the iteration process, when , a white pixel is passed into the pixel stream, otherwise a black pixel is passed.

[0012] Preferably, the pixel stream is tiled in sequence, and the tile specification is the resolution set by the display device ; When one picture is fully tiled, the next picture will start to be tiled; if there are still free pixels left in the current picture after the pixel stream is tiled, the free pixel positions will be filled with all-black or all-white pixels.

[0013] Preferably, :

[0014] in, is the frequency offset of each Chirp, is the conversion value of the lowest frequency of the Chirp signal, is the conversion value of the highest frequency of the Chirp signal, For arrive The step value of To find the remainder, The pixel stream length required for a Chirp symbol in LoRa, is the spreading factor, For the counter, A temporary variable used to determine the The color of each pixel.

[0015] Preferably, in the LoRa data packet format, the Preamble part, the Payload part and the optional CRC part are all composed of uplink Chirps, and the SFD part is composed of downlink Chirps. and parameters After swapping, they are used to generate the downstream chirp.

[0016] Preferably, a LoRa gateway or node is used to receive the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packets.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cross-technology communication system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices, including: The LoRa symbol analysis module calculates the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW for the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa IoT protocol data packet; The electromagnetic radiation modulation module converts the frequency-time relationship of each chirp symbol into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then converts the corresponding pixel stream into an image or video; The sending module plays the generated pictures or videos and controls the cable to transmit data packets modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by LoRa devices; The LoRa receiving module receives the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet and obtains the original data it carries through demodulation and decoding.

[0018] In a third aspect, a computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices are implemented.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices.

[0020] In a fifth aspect, a chip comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices are implemented.

[0021] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a computer program, which, when executed by the electronic device, implements the steps of the above-mentioned cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: A cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices begins by analyzing the signal of a standard LoRa data packet. Specifically, after setting the desired spreading factor (SF), bandwidth (BW), and desired data on a standard LoRa device, the device is used to transmit. A software-defined radio (SDR) device is then used to capture and despread the payload portion of the LoRa packet, along with the optional CRC portion for verification. The frequency offset of each chirp symbol is calculated, which is then used for subsequent modulation using electromagnetic radiation. The method uses electromagnetic leakage emitted by a VGA or HDMI video cable during video transmission as the transmitter for wireless communication. The electromagnetic radiation is successfully modulated into a LoRa data packet waveform, enabling it to be properly recognized and decoded by a LoRa node or gateway. This method eliminates the need to modify LoRa device hardware or deploy a dedicated transmitter, generating a standard LoRa signal simply by controlling the pixel flow of the display, significantly reducing deployment costs. By accurately simulating the LoRa physical layer chirp signal, the electromagnetic radiation is ensured to be directly decodable by commercial LoRa gateways / nodes, resolving the issue of traditional electromagnetic interference preventing valid data from being carried. Because the electromagnetic radiation lacks the characteristics of an RF antenna, it is suitable for sensitive areas or covert communications, mitigating the risk of physical intrusion.

[0023] Furthermore, the frequency offset of the Chirp symbol is calculated through despreading to ensure that the generated pixel stream strictly matches the LoRa modulation requirements, avoiding decoding failure due to frequency deviation; it supports real-time capture and parsing of LoRa data packets with different configurations, and can be adapted to a variety of LoRa application scenarios; the K value is calculated only for the Payload and CRC parts, skipping fixed structures such as the Preamble, improving generation efficiency by more than 30%.

[0024] Furthermore, the pixel clock is dynamically adapted to any display screen, automatically converting the frequency-time relationship into a pixel stream without the need for customized hardware. The pixel stream length is calculated based on BW and SF to ensure that the time-frequency characteristics of a single Chirp symbol are exactly the same as the LoRa standard. The pixel stream is directly converted into video frames, which can be rendered using GPU acceleration to meet real-time communication needs.

[0025] Furthermore, the residual pixels are automatically filled with full black / white to avoid chirp symbol truncation due to resolution mismatch and ensure complete decoding of LoRa data packets; the filling strategy prevents visual noise such as black edges / white bars from appearing in the generated video, eliminating the electromagnetic signal distortion caused by this; the tiling mechanism maximizes the use of pixel capacity per frame, increasing data transmission density by more than 20%.

[0026] Furthermore, by designing a specially designed black and white pixel video and playing it on the screen, the VGA or HDMI video cable can be controlled to emit electromagnetic radiation of a specific waveform, that is, the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable is modulated into the waveform of the LoRa data packet, allowing the LoRa node or gateway to identify and demodulate.

[0027] Furthermore, the present invention focuses on the fact that a specific pixel stream can actively modulate the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. Specifically, the present invention considers the video cable as a direct sampling RF transmitter with a sampling rate equal to the pixel clock. , and when the power is supplied, its electromagnetic radiation is dispersed in Hz; Based on this fact, the present invention proposes an algorithm for calculating a specific pixel flow to actively modulate the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. From the transmitter's perspective, the desired transmission frequency is first specified as Hz; when Less than Hz, the switching rate of black and white pixels by controlling the pixel flow is Hz, can control the video cable to transmit frequency Hz electromagnetic radiation; when Greater than Hz, the signal transmission of any frequency is achieved by modulating the higher harmonics of electromagnetic radiation.

[0028] Furthermore, the data packet of LoRa communication technology contains Preamble for detection and synchronization, SFD for identifying the start of the data frame, Payload for encoding data and CRC for optional data verification. Among them, Preamble, Payload and CRC parts are all uplink Chirps with gradually increasing frequencies; SFD is 2.25 downlink Chirps with gradually decreasing frequencies; Chirp signal is defined as a signal with a center frequency of , in ± The frequency of the signal is cycled increasing or decreasing within the frequency range.

[0029] Furthermore, by continuously changing the emission frequency of the pixel stream , control the electromagnetic radiation of video cables in LoRa The frequency range is transmitted according to the waveform of the LoRa data packet, which can modulate the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable into a signal that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device.

[0030] Furthermore, commercial LoRa gateways can be directly used to receive signals, eliminating the need for receiver modifications and enabling rapid deployment in scenarios such as smart cities. Combined with downlink chirp generation capabilities, this system implements a complete link from "screen transmission → gateway reception → cloud response," supporting practical applications such as remote refresh of electronic price tags. The receiver reuses existing LoRa infrastructure, reducing the overall hardware cost to near zero.

[0031] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to sixth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0032] In summary, the method of the present invention realizes the innovation of wireless communication with commercial LoRa Internet of Things devices by using the electromagnetic radiation of video cables, which can achieve a maximum distance of 85m and a maximum throughput of 21.6kbps. It has the characteristics of novel communication method, high data transmission rate, and long communication distance.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Provides an overall flow chart of the cross-technology communication method of the present invention; Figure 2 Provides a modular structure diagram of cross-technology communication for the present invention; Figure 3 A graph showing the electromagnetic radiation emission intensity of VGA and HDMI cables in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 1000 MHz, provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 The block diagram of a chip provided according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Among them, 60. Computer device; 61. Processor; 62. Memory; 63. Computer program; 600. Electronic device; 610. Processing unit; 620. Storage unit; 6201. Random access memory unit; 6202. Cache memory unit; 6203. Read-only memory unit; 6204. Program / Utility; 6205. Program module; 630. Bus; 640. Display unit; 650. Input / output interface; 660. Network adapter; 700. External device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “include” and “comprise” indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0038] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0039] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present invention generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0040] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," and "third" may be used to describe preset ranges in embodiments of the present invention, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one preset range from another. For example, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.

[0041] The word "if," as used herein, may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to the determination" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)," depending on the context.

[0042] The accompanying drawings illustrate various schematic diagrams of structures according to embodiments disclosed herein. These figures are not drawn to scale; for clarity, some details are exaggerated and some details may be omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the figures, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Those skilled in the art may design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0043] The present invention provides a cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices. The method utilizes the electromagnetic radiation of a video cable to wirelessly communicate with the LoRa IoT device, thereby achieving direct communication between two different types of technologies. That is, data is transmitted to the LoRa device by modulating the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable, thereby expanding the communication capabilities of the IoT device and exploring a new cross-technology communication solution. By combining the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable with the LoRa communication protocol, the video cable used for transmitting image information can wirelessly communicate with modern LoRa IoT devices. This not only expands the application scope of LoRa technology, but also provides new possibilities for the signal utilization of the video cable, further promoting the development of the cross-technology communication field.

[0044] Specifically, a novel cross-technology communication method is implemented by modulating the electromagnetic radiation from a VGA or HDMI cable into a LoRa data packet waveform that can be received and decoded by a LoRa node or gateway. Based on the fact that the image displayed on the screen can manipulate the electromagnetic radiation radiated by the video cable, the method of the present invention designs a specially designed video that, when played full-screen on a display device connected to a VGA or HDMI cable, controls the video cable to transmit data packets that can be recognized and decoded by a LoRa IoT node or gateway. The key principle is that the rate at which black and white pixels are transmitted on the video cable is equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation radiated by it. Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation radiated by the video cable exhibits significant harmonic characteristics, that is, electromagnetic radiation is also present at multiple frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation. Leveraging this characteristic, the method presented here modulates electromagnetic radiation at the LoRa communication frequency into a signal that matches the waveform of a LoRa packet. Specifically, the modulation method involves first calculating the frequency offset of each chirp symbol in the payload and optional CRC portion of a LoRa packet, further controlling the electromagnetic radiation to maintain consistency with the duration and frequency of the chirp signal over time. Because the electromagnetic radiation modulated by the method present here generates a black-and-white pixel stream, the method then converts this pixel stream into video, the video specifications of which must meet the resolution and refresh rate set by the display device. The advantage of using black and white pixels to modulate electromagnetic radiation is that these pixels correspond to the minimum and maximum voltages of the video cable, thus controlling the maximum intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the video cable during transmission. When this specially designed video is played on a screen, a nearby LoRa node or gateway can receive the electromagnetic radiation LoRa packet emitted from the VGA or HDMI port, ultimately completing cross-technology communication between the video cable-based electromagnetic radiation and a LoRa IoT device.

[0045] Compared to previous cross-technology communications, which mostly involved communication between commercial communication technologies, this invention is a completely new cross-technology communication method. A notable feature is that the transmitter uses electromagnetic radiation from common VGA or HDMI cables, and it enables data reception and decoding using commercial LoRa IoT devices. This method can achieve a transmission distance of up to 85 meters and a maximum data transmission rate of 21.6 kbps.

[0046] The present invention provides a cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices, comprising the following steps: S1. Select LoRa transmission parameters and data, and calculate the offset of each Chirp in the LoRa data packet; For the Payload part used to encode data and the optional CRC part used for verification in the LoRa Internet of Things protocol data packet, the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW is calculated.

[0047] The specific steps for calculating the Chirp frequency offset are: S101. In the transmission mode of the LoRa gateway or node, set the selected communication frequency , spreading factor SF, bandwidth BW, and original data to be sent, and transmit the data packet; S102: Use software radio equipment to capture a standard LoRa data packet, perform despreading calculation on each Chirp symbol in the Payload part and the optional CRC part of the data packet, and obtain the frequency offset K of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW.

[0048] S2, calculate the black and white pixel stream and modulate the special video; Use the algorithm proposed in the right to convert the frequency and time relationship of each Chirp symbol obtained in step S1 into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then convert the pixel stream into an image or video; The specific steps of modulating and generating video are: S201, setting the pixel clock of the display device to PC; S202, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation to be emitted is set to be equal to the LoRa communication frequency. , the bandwidth of LoRa data packet is , the spreading factor of the LoRa data packet is ; S203, according to the Chirp frequency offset K obtained in step 101, according to the PC specified in step S201 and step S202, , BW and SF, calculate the black and white pixel stream that can modulate the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable and is consistent with the LoRa waveform; the specific process is as follows: Pixel Clock Specifically:

[0049] in, The number of horizontal pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The number of vertical pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The refresh rate set for the display device. and A non-display area that includes the edges of the screen for synchronization and blanking.

[0050] For example, when the display device is set to 1080*1920@60Hz, its actual horizontal pixel count is Should be 2220 pixels, the actual number of vertical pixels It should be 1125 pixels, so the pixel clock under this setting About 148.5MHz.

[0051] Specifies the pixel stream length required to map a Chirp symbol in LoRa for:

[0052] The minimum frequency of the Chirp signal is specified as :

[0053] The maximum frequency of the Chirp signal is specified as :

[0054] Specified parameters :

[0055] Specified parameters :

[0056] Here Represents the remainder, such as Representatives request Divide by The remainder of .

[0057] Regulation :

[0058] The counter from Iterate to ,calculate :

[0059] in, is the frequency offset obtained in step S203, Is the converted value of the lowest frequency of the Chirp signal (the conversion method is ,in is the true lowest frequency of the Chirp signal), Is the converted value of the highest frequency of the Chirp signal (the conversion method is ,in is the true highest frequency of the Chirp signal), For arrive The step value (calculated as ), To find the remainder, The pixel stream length required for a Chirp symbol in LoRa, is the spreading factor (an integer ranging from 6 to 12), is a counter (starting from 1 and counting up to ), A temporary variable used to determine the The color of the pixel (if , a white pixel is passed into the pixel stream, otherwise a black pixel is passed).

[0060] During the iteration process, if , a white pixel is passed into the pixel stream, otherwise a black pixel is passed.

[0061] In the LoRa data packet format, the Preamble part, Payload part and optional CRC part are all composed of uplink Chirps, so they are all calculated using the above algorithm; for the SFD part composed of downlink Chirps, the F1 and F2 parameters are swapped to generate the downlink Chirps.

[0062] S204: Convert the black and white pixel stream obtained in step S203 into a picture according to the screen resolution, and superimpose the pictures frame by frame to generate a video.

[0063] S3, playing the video and transmitting the LoRa data packet modulated by electromagnetic radiation; Play the image or video modulated in step S2 on a display, TV, or projector connected to a VGA or HDMI cable, thereby controlling the VGA or HDMI cable to emit a data packet modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device; S4. Use a LoRa gateway or node to receive the electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet emitted by step S3, and obtain the original data carried by it through demodulation and decoding.

[0064] See also Figure 2 In another embodiment of the present invention, a cross-technology communication system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices is provided. The system can be used to implement the above-mentioned cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices. Specifically, the cross-technology communication system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices includes a LoRa symbol analysis module, an electromagnetic radiation modulation module, a sending module and a LoRa receiving module.

[0065] The LoRa symbol analysis module calculates the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW for the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the data packet of the LoRa Internet of Things protocol. The electromagnetic radiation modulation module converts the frequency-time relationship of each chirp symbol into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then converts the corresponding pixel stream into an image or video; The sending module plays the generated pictures or videos and controls the cable to transmit data packets modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by LoRa devices; The LoRa receiving module receives the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet and obtains the original data it carries through demodulation and decoding.

[0066] The present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, which is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to implement corresponding method processes or corresponding functions; the processor described in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of a cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices, including: For the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa Internet of Things protocol data packet, the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW is calculated; the obtained frequency and time change relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into an image or video; the generated image or video is played, and the control cable transmits a data packet modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device; the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet is received and the original data it carries is obtained through demodulation and decoding.

[0067] See also Figure 4 The terminal device is a computer device. Computer device 60 in this embodiment includes: a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in memory 62 and executable by processor 61. When executed by processor 61, computer program 63 implements the method for estimating the concentration of radioactive iodine species in a post-accident containment vessel described in this embodiment. To avoid repetition, this description is omitted here. Alternatively, when executed by processor 61, computer program 63 implements the functions of various models / units in the cross-technology communication system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices described in this embodiment. To avoid repetition, this description is omitted here.

[0068] The computer device 60 may be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a PDA, a cloud server, or other computing devices. The computer device 60 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 61 and a memory 62. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 4 This is merely an example of the computer device 60 and does not constitute a limitation of the computer device 60 . The computer device 60 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the computer device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0069] The processor 61 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0070] The memory 62 may be an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as a hard disk or memory of the computer device 60. The memory 62 may also be an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device 60.

[0071] Furthermore, the memory 62 may include both an internal storage unit of the computer device 60 and an external storage device. The memory 62 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 62 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0072] See also Figure 5 The terminal device is an electronic device 600, which is implemented as a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device may include, but are not limited to, at least one processing unit 610, at least one storage unit 620, a bus 630 connecting different platform components (including the storage unit 620 and the processing unit 610), and a display unit 640.

[0073] The storage unit stores program codes, which can be executed by the processing unit 610, so that the processing unit 610 performs the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in the above method section of this specification. For example, the processing unit 610 can perform the following steps: Figure 1 Follow the steps shown in .

[0074] The storage unit 620 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access memory unit (RAM) 6201 and / or a cache memory unit 6202 , and may further include a read-only memory unit (ROM) 6203 .

[0075] The storage unit 620 may also include a program / utility 6204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 6205, such program modules 6205 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0076] Bus 630 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0077] The electronic device 600 may also communicate with one or more external devices 700 (e.g., a keyboard, a pointing device, a Bluetooth device, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 600, and / or any device that enables the electronic device 600 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., a router, a modem). Such communication may occur via an input / output interface 650. Furthermore, the electronic device 600 may also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a public network, such as the Internet) via a network adapter 660. The network adapter 660 may communicate with other modules of the electronic device 600 via a bus 630. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figures, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device 600, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage platforms.

[0078] Example 4 The present invention also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a terminal device, used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium herein may include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and, of course, the extended storage medium supported by the terminal device. It may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by a processor. These instructions may be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that more specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium herein include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory, a read-only memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0079] Computer-readable storage media also include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carry readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. The readable storage medium can also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit programs for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or device. The program code contained on the readable storage medium can be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical cable, radio frequency, etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0080] The program code for performing the operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, C++, and the like, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device via any type of network, including a local area network or a wide area network, or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0081] The processor may load and execute one or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices in the above embodiment; the processor may load and execute the following steps: For the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa Internet of Things protocol data packet, the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW is calculated; the obtained frequency and time change relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into an image or video; the generated image or video is played, and the control cable transmits a data packet modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device; the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet is received and the original data it carries is obtained through demodulation and decoding.

[0082] The databases involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains. The processors involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic units, data processing logic units based on quantum computing, and the like.

[0083] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] Example 1 The present invention proposes a cross-technology communication method based on electromagnetic radiation from video cables and LoRa IoT devices. At the transmitting end, the method mainly modulates electromagnetic radiation by encoding sensitive information into black and white pixels designed according to specific rules, thereby controlling the video cable to transmit electromagnetic data packets compatible with the LoRa protocol. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Set the communication frequency, spreading factor SF, bandwidth BW and Payload parameters in the LoRa transmitter device, and use the LoRa device to send a data packet; use software radio to capture the data packet, and obtain the frequency offset K of each Chirp symbol in the Payload and CRC by despreading.

[0085] (2) Based on the frequency offset K obtained in step S1 and the set pixel clock PC, the corresponding black and white pixel stream is calculated. Each chirp symbol is mapped to a black and white pixel stream with a specific frequency variation trend, which is used to modulate the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable. This pixel stream is then converted into image frames according to the screen resolution and superimposed frame by frame to generate the complete video.

[0086] (3) Play the video in full screen on a display device connected to a VGA or HDMI cable, and generate an electromagnetic radiation signal consistent with the LoRa waveform through the cable, radiating the data packet content into space.

[0087] (4) Use commercial LoRa devices (such as LoRa nodes or gateways) for wireless reception within a certain range from the cable. The device can demodulate the LoRa data packets carried by the electromagnetic radiation and restore the original data.

[0088] (5) The effectiveness of this method was verified through the above steps. Experiments showed that the transmission distance could reach 87.5 meters in an unobstructed environment, and the maximum data transmission rate reached 21.6 kbps, demonstrating the feasibility and practicality of this cross-technology communication method.

[0089] See also Figure 3 In an electromagnetic darkroom, the figure shows the intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted by two conventional video cables, VGA and HDMI, from 10MHz to 1000MHz. The results of the figure show that VGA and HDMI cables have a certain intensity of electromagnetic radiation emission capability in the commercial LoRa frequency band (i.e., 433MHz-470MHz and 868MHz-915MHz).

[0090] 1. Measured data of communication distance and stability 1) Reliable transmission within 40 meters indoors In an office scenario, when using a 1080x1920@60Hz monitor (connected to a VGA or HDMI video cable) to transmit LoRa signals (tested at transmission frequencies of 433MHz and 915MHz; parameter combinations of SF = 6, 7, 8, 9 and BW = 125kHz, 250kHz, and 500kHz), the receiving sensitivity reached -118dBm within a distance of 40 meters, and the packet error rate (PER) was less than 1%.

[0091] When transmitting 24-byte data packets (SF=7, BW=125kHz), the packet error rate (PER) is <0.1%, comparable to the RF direct connection solution (PER≈0.05%). 2) Outdoor extreme communication distance test In outdoor scenarios, the maximum reliable communication distance measured using a VGA cable at 433MHz is 52.2m with SF=9&BW=125kHz. In outdoor scenarios, the maximum reliable communication distance measured using an HDMI cable at 433MHz is 51.0m with SF=10&BW=125kHz. In outdoor scenarios, using a VGA cable at 915MHz, the maximum reliable communication distance measured was 39.5m with SF=9&BW&=125kHz. In outdoor scenarios, using an HDMI cable at 915MHz, the maximum measured reliable communication distance is 87.5m with SF=9&BW=125kHz.

[0092] 2. Power Consumption Optimization Comparison Data

[0093] By directly utilizing the radiation from screen cables and eliminating the cost of radio frequency modules, urban advertising screen clusters can save 120kWh of electricity per day.

[0094] 3. Anti-interference performance measurement 1) Complex electromagnetic environment In areas with dense electromagnetic environments such as urban areas (RSSI = -50dBm), the communication packet error rate of the present invention within a distance of 40 meters is less than 2%, which can support stable and reliable communication.

[0095] 2) Noise tolerance Through experimental measurements, commercial LoRa nodes or gateways can still stably decode LoRa data packets transmitted by VGA or HDMI cables when the signal strength is lower than the ambient noise. (The signal-to-noise ratio returned by the LoRa node or gateway can be as low as -12dB, that is, the signal strength of the electromagnetic leakage packet is already 12dB lower than the ambient noise when it reaches the LoRa device.) This invention realizes direct communication from screen to LoRa for the first time, with the packet error rate, power consumption and cost all reaching industrial-grade standards; it provides a zero-modification communication link in scenarios where traditional solutions fail, such as RF restricted areas, high-density nodes, and remote areas.

[0096] In summary, the present invention provides a cross-technology communication method and system for electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices, which directly reuses the standard LoRa signal emitted by the display screen's electromagnetic radiation, accurately reproduces the LoRa physical layer Chirp signal, supports the full range of SF6-SF12 parameters, and has a packet error rate of <1% within 40 meters; in an office scenario, electromagnetic data packets can still be correctly decoded after penetrating two 25cm thick concrete walls, and the screen reuse solution achieves zero additional power consumption; it solves the three major pain points of protocol barriers, RF restricted areas, and high deployment costs with zero hardware cost.

[0097] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0100] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminals and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0101] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0102] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0103] If the integrated module / unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the process in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0104] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices, and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0105] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0106] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0107] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa Internet of Things devices, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Calculate the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW for the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa IoT protocol data packet; The obtained frequency and time relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into an image or video; Play the generated pictures or videos, and control the cable to transmit data packets modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by the LoRa device; Receive the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet and obtain the original data it carries through demodulation and decoding.

2. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW is calculated by the following steps: In the transmit mode of the LoRa gateway or node, set the selected communication frequency , spreading factor SF, bandwidth BW, and the original data to be sent, and transmit the corresponding data packet; Capture a standard LoRa data packet, perform despreading calculations on each Chirp symbol in the Payload part and the optional CRC part of the data packet, and obtain the frequency offset K of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW.

3. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtained frequency and time relationship of each Chirp symbol is converted into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then the corresponding pixel stream is converted into an image or video, specifically: Based on the obtained frequency offset K, according to the pixel clock of the display device 、LoRa communication frequency , LoRa packet bandwidth BW and LoRa packet spreading factor Calculate the black and white pixel stream that can modulate the electromagnetic radiation of the video cable and is consistent with the LoRa waveform; Convert the black and white pixel stream into images according to the screen resolution, and overlay the images frame by frame to generate a video.

4. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 3, characterized in that: Pixel Clock Specifically: in, The number of horizontal pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The number of vertical pixels in the resolution set for the display device, The refresh rate set for the display device.

5. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 3, characterized in that: The black and white pixel stream is specifically: During the iteration process, when , a white pixel is passed into the pixel stream, otherwise a black pixel is passed.

6. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 5, characterized in that: Tiles the pixel stream in sequence, and the tiling specification is the resolution set by the display device ; When one picture is fully tiled, the next picture begins to be tiled; if there are still empty pixels left in the current picture after the pixel stream is tiled, the empty pixel positions will be filled with all-black or all-white pixels.

7. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 5, characterized in that: ： in, is the frequency offset of each Chirp, is the conversion value of the lowest frequency of the Chirp signal, is the conversion value of the highest frequency of the Chirp signal, For arrive The step value of To find the remainder, The pixel stream length required for a Chirp symbol in LoRa, is the spreading factor, For the counter, A temporary variable used to determine the The color of each pixel.

8. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the LoRa data packet format, the Preamble part, Payload part and optional CRC part are composed of uplink Chirp, and the SFD part is composed of downlink Chirp. and parameters After swapping, they are used to generate the downstream chirp.

9. The cross-technology communication method between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packets are received using a LoRa gateway or node.

10. A cross-technology communication system between electromagnetic radiation and LoRa IoT devices, characterized in that: include: The LoRa symbol analysis module calculates the frequency offset of each Chirp symbol within the bandwidth BW for the Payload part used to encode data and the CRC part used for verification in the LoRa IoT protocol data packet; The electromagnetic radiation modulation module converts the frequency-time relationship of each chirp symbol into a corresponding black and white pixel stream, and then converts the corresponding pixel stream into an image or video; The sending module plays the generated pictures or videos and controls the cable to transmit data packets modulated by electromagnetic radiation that can be recognized and decoded by LoRa devices; The LoRa receiving module receives the transmitted electromagnetic radiation LoRa data packet and obtains the original data it carries through demodulation and decoding.

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