A sensing self-powered method and system based on radio frequency energy collection

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on radio frequency energy collection sensing self-powered method and system, method includes: the incident angle of the antenna array of the incident radio frequency energy collection equipment of the transmission signal of transmission end transmission is acquired;According to incident angle, the main shaft of antenna array is adjusted to align incident angle;According to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in antenna array, the position of each antenna unit in antenna array is adjusted;According to the signal receiving intensity of each antenna unit of antenna array and the data flow handled by each antenna unit of antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna unit of antenna array is adjusted, according to receiving power, the energy capture efficiency of antenna array is calculated;If energy capture efficiency is greater than preset threshold, electromagnetic energy captured by antenna array is converted into direct current electric energy, to provide electric energy for target sensor.Using the embodiment of the application can realize the dynamic adjustment of antenna array space layout and receiving power, improve the ability of sensor power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sensor self-powered technology, and in particular to a sensor self-powered method and system based on radio frequency energy harvesting. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, sensors are typically powered by self-powered methods based on radio frequency energy harvesting technology. However, existing technologies lack the ability to dynamically adjust the spatial layout of the antenna array, resulting in low energy harvesting efficiency and ultimately affecting the ability to power the sensor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a sensor self-powering method and system based on radio frequency energy harvesting to solve the problem in the prior art that the lack of dynamic adjustment capability of antenna array spatial layout leads to low energy harvesting efficiency and affects the ability to power the sensor.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of this application provide a sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting, comprising:

[0005] Obtain the incident angle of the transmitted signal from the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device;

[0006] Adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle;

[0007] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, the position of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array.

[0008] After adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna element is adjusted according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element. Based on the receiving power, the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array is calculated.

[0009] If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

[0010] As an improvement to the above solution, the step of adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array includes:

[0011] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained.

[0012] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

[0013] As an improvement to the above solution, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes:

[0014] Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained;

[0015] The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value;

[0016] The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value;

[0017] Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained;

[0018] Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array;

[0019] Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0020] The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

[0021] As an improvement to the above scheme, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength includes:

[0022] Obtain the current received power and current noise power of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0023] The ratio of the current received power to the current noise power is used as the signal-to-noise ratio parameter;

[0024] The signal reception quality is obtained based on the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0025] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power includes:

[0026] Calculate the total received power of the antenna array based on the received power;

[0027] Obtain the transmission power of the transmitted signal;

[0028] The energy capture efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power.

[0029] As an improvement to the above solution, the step of obtaining the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes:

[0030] A full-band scan was performed on the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device was located to obtain spectrum data.

[0031] Based on the spectrum data, calculate the power spectral density values ​​of each frequency band of the transmitted signal;

[0032] Based on the power spectral density value, the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0033] Based on the energy value, the dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0034] The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation on the dominant frequency band.

[0035] As an improvement to the above scheme, if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor, including:

[0036] If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input to the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power.

[0037] The energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device stores and distributes the DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

[0038] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of this application also provide a sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting, comprising:

[0039] The acquisition module is used to acquire the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device;

[0040] The first adjustment module is used to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle;

[0041] The second adjustment module is used to adjust the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array;

[0042] The third adjustment module is used to adjust the receiving power of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element after adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, and to calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the receiving power.

[0043] The power supply module is used to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power to provide power to the target sensor if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold.

[0044] As an improvement to the above solution, the step of adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array includes:

[0045] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained.

[0046] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

[0047] As an improvement to the above solution, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes:

[0048] Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained;

[0049] The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value;

[0050] The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value;

[0051] Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained;

[0052] Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array;

[0053] Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0054] The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application provide a sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting. This system obtains the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device; adjusts the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle; after adjusting the main axis, adjusts the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna elements; after adjusting the position of each antenna element, adjusts the received power of each antenna element according to the signal received strength and data flow processed by each antenna element; calculates the energy harvesting efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power; if the energy harvesting efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy harvested by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and received power of the antenna array, improving energy harvesting efficiency, and ultimately enhancing the sensor's power supply capability. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] In the description of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0060] In this application description, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0061] In this application description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. The term "based on" means "at least partially based on." The term "according to" means "at least partially according to." The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments." The term "and / or" means at least one of the connected objects, such as A and / or B, indicating three cases: including only A, only B, and both A and B. Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.

[0062] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a self-powered sensor method based on radio frequency energy harvesting, as provided in an embodiment of this application. The self-powered sensor method based on radio frequency energy harvesting includes:

[0063] S1. Obtain the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device;

[0064] S2. Adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle;

[0065] S3. After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjust the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0066] S4. After adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, adjust the receiving power of each antenna element according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element in the antenna array, and calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the receiving power.

[0067] S5. If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

[0068] This application embodiment initially adjusts the antenna array based on the incident angle, and further considers the coupling coefficient between each antenna element to adjust the spatial layout of the antenna array. This effectively improves the electromagnetic signal acquisition efficiency, reduces mutual coupling interference, optimizes antenna array performance, and ultimately enhances the sensor's power supply capability. Furthermore, by adjusting the signal reception strength and data throughput of each antenna element, the receiving power of each antenna element is adjusted, further improving the electromagnetic signal acquisition efficiency. This achieves intelligent and adaptive optimization of the system, significantly improving the overall system performance and reliability.

[0069] Specifically, after obtaining the incident angle, a rotation operation around the array's center point is used to align the antenna array's main axis with the incident angle. This rotation around the array's center point is a coordinate transformation operation. This transformation preserves the relative positions of the antenna elements, changing only the orientation of the entire array. During the rotation, the new coordinates of each antenna element are calculated using a rotation matrix. The rotation angle is equal to the angle between the incident angle and the current array's main axis. This overall rotation ensures that the array's maximum gain direction is aligned with the signal source, improving the quality of the received signal.

[0070] In one optional embodiment, adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array includes:

[0071] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained.

[0072] It's worth noting that the coupling coefficient between antenna elements reflects the strength of electromagnetic energy transfer between them, and its value is usually expressed in decibels (dB). A coupling coefficient of -20dB means that only 1% of the energy is transferred from one antenna to an adjacent antenna; when the coupling coefficient reaches -10dB, the energy transfer ratio rises to 10%, which severely affects the array's radiation characteristics. The preset coupling threshold is determined based on specific application requirements; communication systems typically require a coupling coefficient below -15dB to ensure good isolation.

[0073] Specifically, the gain loss of the antenna array directly affects the communication distance and signal coverage, while the sidelobe level of the antenna array relates to the system's anti-interference capability; low sidelobes mean less interference from non-target directions. By using these two indicators and the coupling coefficient as optimization objectives, the optimization process simultaneously considers the requirements for main lobe gain and sidelobe suppression.

[0074] It should be noted that at each spacing point, the system calculates a complete set of performance metrics, including gain loss, sidelobe level, and coupling coefficient. During the search process, changes in spacing will cause changes in the array pattern. Too small a spacing will exacerbate the mutual coupling effect, while too large a spacing may produce grating lobes. Through meticulous traversal, the minimum spacing can be found. At this minimum spacing, the coupling coefficient drops below a preset coupling coefficient threshold, the gain loss is within a first preset range, and the sidelobe level is within a second preset range. In other words, when the coupling coefficient drops below the preset threshold, and the gain loss and sidelobe level are both within acceptable ranges, this spacing is the minimum spacing between adjacent units. For example, adjusting the spacing from 0.5 times the wavelength to 0.6 times the wavelength may reduce the main lobe gain by 0.5 dB, but simultaneously reduce the sidelobe level by 3 dB.

[0075] In this embodiment, the antenna elements can be directly set according to the minimum spacing. During the spacing adjustment process, gain loss and sidelobe level are considered simultaneously to avoid excessively increasing the spacing to reduce the coupling coefficient (which may lead to a significant decrease in main lobe gain or an increase in sidelobe level). Through the coordinated optimization of these three factors, the gain loss and sidelobe level of the antenna array can be kept within an acceptable range while ensuring that the coupling coefficient meets the standard, thus ensuring that the overall array has a high efficiency in capturing incident electromagnetic energy.

[0076] In one optional embodiment, adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array includes:

[0077] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained.

[0078] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

[0079] For example, the reference transmitted signal acts as a time base in time delay measurement. In one possible implementation, the transmitting end sends a known pulse signal or continuous wave signal as a reference transmitted signal to the incident radio frequency energy harvesting device. Due to the different positions of the antenna elements in space, the path length of the signal to each element varies, resulting in different reception times. By recording the exact time when each antenna element receives the reference transmitted signal using a high-precision clock, the time difference can be calculated. When the time difference between two adjacent antenna elements is larger than expected, it indicates that the distance between them deviates from the ideal position. The position compensation amount is equal to the distance value corresponding to the time difference. This distance value is used to adjust the minimum spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements, ensuring that each adjacent antenna element is set according to the adjusted minimum spacing. This eliminates signal reception asynchrony caused by position deviation, reduces phase interference, and improves the accuracy of the antenna array in capturing electromagnetic energy.

[0080] By adjusting the coupling coefficient and time difference, the electromagnetic interference (coupling coefficient) between adjacent units is kept within a reasonable range, and the spatial position deviation is corrected by time difference compensation, thus determining the optimal minimum spacing.

[0081] In one optional embodiment, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes:

[0082] Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained;

[0083] The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value;

[0084] The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value;

[0085] Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained;

[0086] Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array;

[0087] Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0088] The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

[0089] Specifically, when the first normalized value is less than the first threshold and the second normalized value is less than the second threshold, the performance score = the first normalized value. Second normalized value. When the first normalized value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and the second normalized value is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the performance score = the first normalized value. Second normalized value The preset coefficient, 0 < preset coefficient < 1, reduces the performance score and thus the receiving power ratio. This is suitable for situations where the load is too heavy, and even if the receiving quality is high, insufficient processing capacity may lead to data backlog and increased errors.

[0090] The signal reception quality of an antenna element reflects its signal reception capability; a higher first normalized value indicates better signal reception quality. While capturing electromagnetic energy, the antenna element needs to perform preliminary processing of the received signal. This processing generates data flow (i.e., load). A larger data flow indicates a heavier signal processing task and higher energy consumption. The data flow of an antenna element reflects its data processing workload; a higher second normalized value indicates more data flow. The performance score obtained by multiplying the two normalized values ​​comprehensively reflects the antenna element's working efficiency. For example, an antenna element with excellent reception quality but a light load has low resource utilization; conversely, an overloaded element, even with average reception quality, may become a system bottleneck. This scoring mechanism helps identify antenna elements that require focused optimization. For instance, when the data flow of an antenna element exceeds a threshold (overload), even with high reception quality, insufficient processing capacity may lead to data backlog and increased errors. In this case, reducing its receiving power can reduce the strength and amount of information in the input signal, thereby reducing the data flow that needs to be processed and avoiding element overload. When the data traffic of an antenna element is low (light load), if its reception quality is good, the receiving power can be appropriately increased to enable it to capture more signal energy and process more data, thereby improving overall efficiency.

[0091] Received power ratio = Performance score / Total performance score. Dynamic power allocation is achieved through the controllable functions of the RF energy harvesting device (such as parameter configuration and operating state switching) to match the calculated received power ratio. For example, once the received power ratio of a certain antenna element is determined, the system sends control signals (such as voltage signals or digital commands) to the RF front-end circuit to adjust the received power of each antenna element in the antenna array, ensuring that the actual power of the RF signal received by that antenna element meets the calculated received power ratio. Each antenna element is equipped with a power detector, which can measure the power of the received RF signal in real time, i.e., the received power of the antenna element.

[0092] In this embodiment, power allocation follows the ratio of performance score to total performance score. Antenna elements with a higher ratio receive more power resources, making the total received power of the antenna array more concentrated in high-efficiency elements, reducing ineffective energy consumption, thereby improving the overall energy capture efficiency and providing stronger energy support for stable power supply to the sensor.

[0093] In one optional embodiment, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength includes:

[0094] Obtain the current received power and current noise power of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0095] The ratio of the current received power to the current noise power is used as the signal-to-noise ratio parameter;

[0096] The signal reception quality is obtained based on the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0097] For example, monitoring the signal reception strength forms the data foundation for the entire optimization process.

[0098] Specifically, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is equal to the ratio of the useful signal power to the background noise power. Noise sources include thermal noise, environmental electromagnetic interference, and internal receiver noise. A SNR of 20 dB means the signal power is 100 times the noise power, indicating good communication quality. When the SNR drops below 10 dB, the bit error rate increases significantly. By considering both signal strength and SNR, a more comprehensive receiver quality indicator can be obtained, avoiding the problem of simply pursuing high power while neglecting signal purity.

[0099] In one optional embodiment, calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power includes:

[0100] Calculate the total received power of the antenna array based on the received power;

[0101] Obtain the transmission power of the transmitted signal;

[0102] The energy capture efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power.

[0103] It is worth noting that the energy capture efficiency (EFE) value, as a key performance indicator, directly reflects the overall effectiveness of the array. This value is calculated by dividing the total received power by the transmitted signal power. Ideally, it is close to 1, but in practice, due to various losses, it is usually lower than 0.8.

[0104] Specifically, the received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is added together to obtain the total received power of the antenna array. The transmitted power of the signal refers to the total amount of energy supplied to the antenna array by the transmitter. The output power of the transmitter is measured by a power meter and taken as the transmitted power of the signal.

[0105] In one optional embodiment, obtaining the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes:

[0106] A full-band scan was performed on the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device was located to obtain spectrum data.

[0107] Based on the spectrum data, calculate the power spectral density values ​​of each frequency band of the transmitted signal;

[0108] Based on the power spectral density value, the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0109] Based on the energy value, the dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0110] The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation on the dominant frequency band.

[0111] It is worth noting that the spectrum analyzer plays a core role in electromagnetic signal monitoring. Its working principle is to convert the input radio frequency signal to intermediate frequency through a mixer and local oscillator signal, and then obtain spectrum data through detection and digital processing.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the spectrum analyzer is set to scan from 9 kHz to 6 GHz, covering common communication frequency bands. During the scan, the analyzer measures the signal strength at each frequency point according to a preset resolution bandwidth, forming a complete spectrum. Power spectral density, as a key indicator for measuring signal energy distribution, reflects the signal power per unit frequency bandwidth.

[0113] Specifically, when a signal is detected in a certain frequency band, the power spectral density value can be obtained by measuring the total power within that band and dividing it by the band bandwidth. A power spectral density threshold of -80 dBm / Hz is set; signals below this threshold are considered noise and filtered out, while signals above the threshold are considered valid signals. This threshold determination mechanism ensures that only signals with practical communication significance are included in subsequent analysis.

[0114] The energy value of each frequency band is equal to the product of its power spectral density and bandwidth. The total energy is obtained by adding the energy values ​​of all frequency bands. By calculating the percentage of energy in each frequency band relative to the total energy, the spectrum occupancy of the electromagnetic environment can be intuitively understood. When the energy proportion of a certain frequency band exceeds 30%, that frequency band is marked as the dominant frequency band, which usually means that there are high-power transmission sources or dense communication activities in that frequency band.

[0115] In an optional embodiment, the step of converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power to provide power to the target sensor if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold includes:

[0116] If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input to the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power.

[0117] The energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device stores and distributes the DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

[0118] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is essentially energy formed by the continuous accumulation of the antenna array's receiving power. When the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide energy for subsequent sensor self-powering. This ensures that the converted power is sufficient to support the stable operation of the sensor and avoids power outages caused by insufficient energy.

[0119] This application provides a sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting. The method involves: acquiring the incident angle of the transmitted signal from the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device; adjusting the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle; adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array based on the coupling coefficient between the antenna elements; adjusting the received power of each antenna element based on the signal reception strength and data throughput of each antenna element; calculating the energy harvesting efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power; and converting the electromagnetic energy harvested by the antenna array into DC power to provide power to the target sensor if the energy harvesting efficiency is greater than a preset threshold. This achieves dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and received power of the antenna array, thereby improving the energy harvesting efficiency and ultimately enhancing the sensor's power supply capability.

[0120] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a self-powered sensing system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting, provided in an embodiment of this application. The self-powered sensing system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting includes:

[0121] The acquisition module 11 is used to acquire the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device;

[0122] The first adjustment module 12 is used to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle;

[0123] The second adjustment module 13 is used to adjust the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array;

[0124] The third adjustment module 14 is used to adjust the receiving power of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, and to calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the receiving power.

[0125] The power supply module 15 is used to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power to provide power to the target sensor if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold.

[0126] Optionally, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array includes:

[0127] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained.

[0128] After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

[0129] Optionally, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element in the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes:

[0130] Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained;

[0131] The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value;

[0132] The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value;

[0133] Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained;

[0134] Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array;

[0135] Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0136] The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

[0137] Optionally, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength includes:

[0138] Obtain the current received power and current noise power of each antenna element in the antenna array;

[0139] The ratio of the current received power to the current noise power is used as the signal-to-noise ratio parameter;

[0140] The signal reception quality is obtained based on the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0141] Optionally, calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power includes:

[0142] Calculate the total received power of the antenna array based on the received power;

[0143] Obtain the transmission power of the transmitted signal;

[0144] The energy capture efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power.

[0145] Optionally, the step of obtaining the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes:

[0146] A full-band scan was performed on the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device was located to obtain spectrum data.

[0147] Based on the spectrum data, calculate the power spectral density values ​​of each frequency band of the transmitted signal;

[0148] Based on the power spectral density value, the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0149] Based on the energy value, the dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained;

[0150] The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation on the dominant frequency band.

[0151] Optionally, if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor, including:

[0152] If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input to the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power.

[0153] The energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device stores and distributes the DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

[0154] It is worth noting that the working process of each module in the sensor self-powered system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting described in the embodiments of this application can refer to the working process of the sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] This application provides a sensor self-powered system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting. The system acquires the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device. Based on the incident angle, the main axis of the antenna array is adjusted to align with the incident angle. After adjusting the main axis, the position of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted based on the coupling coefficient between the antenna elements. After adjusting the position of each antenna element, the received power of each antenna element is adjusted based on the signal reception strength and data flow processed by each antenna element. Based on the received power, the energy harvesting efficiency of the antenna array is calculated. If the energy harvesting efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy harvested by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor. This achieves dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and received power of the antenna array, thereby improving the energy harvesting efficiency and ultimately enhancing the sensor's power supply capability.

[0156] Furthermore, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program; wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0157] Furthermore, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0158] Furthermore, this application also provides a sensor self-powered device based on radio frequency energy harvesting, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the above-described embodiments of the sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting. Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the functions of each module / unit in the above-described device embodiments.

[0159] For example, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete this application. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which describe the execution process of the computer program in the radio frequency energy harvesting-based sensor self-powered device.

[0160] The self-powered sensor device based on radio frequency energy harvesting may include, but is not limited to, processors and memory. For example, the self-powered sensor device based on radio frequency energy harvesting may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0161] The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The processor is the control center of the self-powered sensor device based on radio frequency energy harvesting, connecting all parts of the device via various interfaces and lines.

[0162] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or modules. The processor implements various functions of the self-powered sensing device based on radio frequency energy harvesting by running or executing the computer program and / or modules stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, memory, plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0163] Wherein, if the module / unit integrated by the sensor self-powered device based on radio frequency energy harvesting is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above-described embodiments of this application can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the above-described method embodiments. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc.

[0164] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided in this application, the connection relationships between modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0165] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting, characterized in that, include: Obtain the incident angle of the transmitted signal from the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device; Adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, the position of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array. After adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna element is adjusted according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element. Based on the receiving power, the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array is calculated. If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

2. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained. After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

3. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes: Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained; The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value; The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value; Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained; Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array; Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array; The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

4. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength includes: Obtain the current received power and current noise power of each antenna element in the antenna array; The ratio of the current received power to the current noise power is used as the signal-to-noise ratio parameter; The signal reception quality is obtained based on the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

5. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power includes: Calculate the total received power of the antenna array based on the received power; Obtain the transmission power of the transmitted signal; The energy capture efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power.

6. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes: A full-band scan was performed on the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device was located to obtain spectrum data. Based on the spectrum data, calculate the power spectral density values ​​of each frequency band of the transmitted signal; Based on the power spectral density value, the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained; Based on the energy value, the dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal is obtained; The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation on the dominant frequency band.

7. The sensor self-powered method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor, including: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input to the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power. The energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device stores and distributes the DC power to provide power to the target sensor.

8. A sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the incident angle of the transmitted signal emitted by the transmitter onto the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device; The first adjustment module is used to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; The second adjustment module is used to adjust the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array; The third adjustment module is used to adjust the receiving power of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength and data flow processed by each antenna element after adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array, and to calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the receiving power. The power supply module is used to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into DC power to provide power to the target sensor if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold.

9. The sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 8, characterized in that, After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna element in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna element in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing of any adjacent antenna element is gradually increased. Based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array, the minimum spacing of any adjacent antenna element is obtained. After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna element in the antenna array, the time difference between the two adjacent antenna elements is calculated based on the time when the reference transmitted signal arrives at the two adjacent antenna elements; the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained according to the preset correspondence between the time difference and the position compensation amount; and the minimum spacing between the two adjacent antenna elements is adjusted according to the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference.

10. The sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the receiving power of each antenna element of the antenna array based on the signal reception strength of each antenna element and the data flow processed by each antenna element includes: Based on the received signal strength, the signal reception quality of each antenna element in the antenna array is obtained; The signal reception quality is normalized to obtain a first normalized value; The data flow is normalized to obtain a second normalized value; Based on the first normalized value and the second normalized value, the performance score of each antenna element of the antenna array is obtained; Based on the performance score, calculate the total performance score of all antenna elements in the antenna array; Divide the performance score by the total performance score to obtain the received power ratio of each antenna element in the antenna array; The received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is adjusted according to the received power ratio.

Images