Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein and uses thereof

Abstract

This application discloses a tissue fluid extraction device, relating to the field of health monitoring technology. The device includes an alternating current source and electrodes. The output terminal of the alternating current source is connected to the electrodes and is used to output a preset number of predetermined alternating current signals to the electrodes at preset time intervals. The preset time interval is greater than 0, and the preset number of signals is greater than or equal to 2. The electrodes are used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal output by the alternating current source to the tissue fluid extraction site, causing the tissue fluid to be released at the extraction site under electrical stimulation. This tissue fluid extraction device enables non-invasive tissue fluid extraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of health monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a tissue fluid extraction device. Background Technology

[0002] Human tissue fluid is a liquid that maintains the stability of the cellular environment in human tissues. It contains many biomarkers closely related to human health indicators, such as glucose, electrolytes, and lactic acid. Therefore, extracting and detecting these biomarkers from human tissue fluid allows for the assessment of human health indicators.

[0003] Current tissue fluid extraction devices primarily rely on invasive methods to extract tissue fluid from the human body. However, these devices require microneedles to be inserted into the skin, posing risks of trauma and infection. Therefore, developing a non-invasive method for extracting tissue fluid has become a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this application is to provide a new technical solution for tissue fluid extraction.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this application, a tissue fluid extraction device is provided, comprising: an alternating current source and electrodes, wherein:

[0006] The output terminal of the AC current source is connected to the electrode and is used to output a preset AC current signal to the electrode a preset number of times according to a preset time interval. The preset time interval is greater than 0 and the preset number of times is greater than or equal to 2.

[0007] The electrode is used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the AC current signal output by the AC current source to the tissue fluid extraction site, and the tissue fluid extraction site releases tissue fluid under the electrical stimulation.

[0008] Optionally, the tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a detection element and a processor, wherein:

[0009] The detection device is used to detect whether the electrode is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site;

[0010] The processor is connected to the output terminal of the detection device and the control terminal of the AC current source, respectively, and is used to control the AC current source to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at preset time intervals when the detection device determines that the electrode is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site.

[0011] Optionally, the tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a conductive liquid dispensing element, wherein:

[0012] The control terminal of the conductive liquid dropper is connected to the processor. The processor is further configured to, when the electrode is determined to be attached to the tissue fluid extraction site by the detection device, control the conductive liquid dropper to drop conductive liquid onto the tissue fluid extraction site before controlling the AC current source to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at a preset time interval.

[0013] Optionally, the tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a cleaning fluid dispensing element, wherein:

[0014] The control terminal of the cleaning fluid dispensing device is connected to the processor. The processor is further configured to, when the electrode is determined to be attached to the tissue fluid extraction site by the detection device, control the cleaning fluid dispensing device to dispense cleaning fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site before controlling the conductive fluid dispensing device to dispense conductive fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site.

[0015] Optionally, the reference current amplitude of the AC current signal ranges from [100, 250] μA, the variation amplitude ranges from [10, 50] μA, and the frequency ranges from [5, 200] Hz.

[0016] Optionally, the reference current amplitude of the AC current signal is 150μA, the variation amplitude is 20μA, and the frequency is 20Hz.

[0017] Optionally, the preset time interval can be in the range of (0, 30] s.

[0018] Optionally, the preset time interval is 10 seconds.

[0019] Optionally, the preset number of times is [5, 20].

[0020] Optionally, the preset number of times is 10.

[0021] This application provides a tissue fluid extraction device, including an alternating current source and electrodes. The output terminal of the alternating current source is connected to the electrodes and is used to output a preset number of preset alternating current signals to the electrodes at preset time intervals, wherein the preset time interval is greater than 0 and the preset number of signals is greater than or equal to 2. The electrodes are used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal output by the alternating current source to the tissue fluid extraction site, and the tissue fluid extraction site releases tissue fluid under electrical stimulation. This tissue fluid extraction device can achieve non-invasive tissue fluid extraction. Furthermore, on the one hand, this tissue fluid extraction device can apply stable electrical stimulation to the tissue fluid extraction site during tissue fluid extraction. On the other hand, this tissue fluid extraction device can also reduce pain and skin redness at the tissue fluid extraction site while increasing the extraction rate of tissue fluid. Moreover, the electrical stimulation is intermittent, which can cause a contraction response at the tissue fluid extraction site, thereby further increasing the extraction rate of tissue fluid.

[0022] Other features and advantages of this application will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tissue fluid extraction device provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another tissue fluid extraction device provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of a single-set AC current signal provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the sodium ion concentration of extracted tissue fluid after being diluted to the same degree under different types and preset number of current signals provided in this application embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the concentration of sodium ions in tissue fluid extracted by a tissue fluid extraction device after being diluted to the same degree under AC current signals with different reference current amplitudes output by an AC current source, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sodium ion concentration of extracted tissue fluid after dilution to the same degree under AC current signals with different amplitudes output from an AC current source, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0031] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the scope of this application and its application or use.

[0032] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0033] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0034] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0035] This application provides a tissue fluid extraction device 100, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes an alternating current source 110 and electrodes 120, wherein:

[0036] The output terminal of the AC current source 110 is connected to the electrode 120 and is used to output a preset AC current signal to the electrode 120 a preset number of times according to a preset time interval, wherein the preset time interval is greater than 0 and the preset number of times is greater than or equal to 2.

[0037] Electrode 120 is used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the AC current signal output by AC current source 110 to the tissue fluid extraction site, and the tissue fluid extraction site releases tissue fluid under electrical stimulation.

[0038] In this embodiment, the tissue fluid extraction device 100 includes an alternating current source 110 and electrodes 120. In one embodiment of this application, the alternating current source 110 is equipped with a start button. When the start button is triggered, the alternating current source 110 operates by outputting a preset number of AC current signals to the electrodes 120 at preset time intervals. In one example, the alternating current source 110 is specifically a sinusoidal alternating current source that outputs a sinusoidal AC signal.

[0039] And, such as Figure 1As shown, electrode 120 typically includes a working electrode and a counter electrode, which are respectively connected to AC current source 110 to form an electrical circuit. In one embodiment of this application, the electrode 120 is specifically prepared by screen printing a mixed conductive paste onto the substrate surface, with the working area of ​​the two printed electrodes being 0.2-0.8 mm. ( (Optimal), then place in an oven at 120℃ for 1-2 hours to dry (1 hour is optimal). The mixed conductive paste is any one or more of carbon black, graphene paste, carbon nanotubes, nano-gold, and silver paste. In one specific embodiment, the mixed conductive paste is a carbon black and nano-gold mixed conductive paste, and the substrate material is any one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, and cellulose paper.

[0040] It should be noted that, as Figure 3 As shown, the aforementioned preset time interval is greater than 0, meaning that the AC current source 110 may stop outputting an AC current signal to the electrode 120. Based on this, the electrode 120 may stop applying an AC current signal to the tissue fluid extraction site. In this case, the electrical stimulation received at the tissue fluid extraction site is intermittent. Furthermore, the aforementioned preset number of cycles is greater than or equal to 2, meaning that the AC current source 110 outputs an AC current signal to the electrode 120 in a manner that cycles at least twice. Based on this, the electrode 120 applies the electrical stimulation corresponding to the AC current signal to the tissue fluid extraction site in a manner that cycles at least twice.

[0041] In accordance with the above, when the tissue fluid extraction device is used by the user, electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site, such as the fingertip. Alternating current source 110 outputs a preset number of AC current signals to electrode 120 at preset time intervals. Electrode 120 applies electrical stimulation corresponding to the preset number of AC current signals output by AC current source 110 at preset time intervals to the tissue fluid extraction site. Based on this, the tissue fluid extraction site receives the electrical stimulation corresponding to the AC current signals output by AC current source 110 (the preset number of AC current signals output to the electrode at preset time intervals). Under this electrical stimulation, an electric field is formed at the tissue fluid extraction site. Under the influence of this electric field, the tissue fluid undergoes ion migration, cell membrane electroporation, and electroosmosis, thus permeating out from the skin. In this way, non-invasive tissue fluid extraction can be achieved.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the alternating current source 110 applies electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal to the tissue fluid extraction site through the electrode 120. On the one hand, compared to electrical stimulation corresponding to a voltage signal, this stimulation does not change with the state of the extraction object (e.g., the human body), thus achieving stable electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal applied to the tissue fluid extraction site through the electrode. On the other hand, since this electrical stimulation is an alternating current signal with a periodically alternating current direction, the stimulation of nerves and tissues at the tissue fluid extraction site is relatively dispersed. Simultaneously, it avoids large protein molecules in the tissue fluid from blocking skin tissue channels to increase tissue fluid permeability. This reduces skin irritation at the tissue fluid extraction site and increases the tissue fluid extraction rate. In other words, the tissue fluid extraction device provided in this embodiment can reduce pain and skin redness at the tissue fluid extraction site while increasing the tissue fluid extraction rate. Moreover, the intermittent electrical stimulation causes a contraction response at the tissue fluid extraction site, further increasing the tissue fluid extraction rate.

[0043] This application provides a tissue fluid extraction device, including an alternating current source and electrodes. The output terminal of the alternating current source is connected to the electrodes and is used to output a preset number of preset alternating current signals to the electrodes at preset time intervals, wherein the preset time interval is greater than 0 and the preset number of signals is greater than or equal to 2. The electrodes are used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal output by the alternating current source to the tissue fluid extraction site, and the tissue fluid extraction site releases tissue fluid under electrical stimulation. This tissue fluid extraction device can achieve non-invasive tissue fluid extraction. Furthermore, on the one hand, this tissue fluid extraction device can apply stable electrical stimulation to the tissue fluid extraction site during tissue fluid extraction. On the other hand, this tissue fluid extraction device can also reduce pain and skin redness at the tissue fluid extraction site while increasing the extraction rate of tissue fluid. Moreover, the electrical stimulation is intermittent, which can cause a contraction response at the tissue fluid extraction site, thereby further increasing the extraction rate of tissue fluid.

[0044] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the tissue fluid extraction device 100 provided in this application further includes: a detection element 140 and a processor 130, wherein:

[0045] The detection element 140 is used to detect whether the electrode 120 is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site;

[0046] The processor 130 is connected to the output terminal of the detection element 140 and the control terminal of the AC current source 110 respectively. When the detection element 140 determines that the electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site, the processor 130 controls the AC current source 110 to be in a working state that outputs a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at a preset time interval.

[0047] In this embodiment, the detection element 140 detects whether the electrode 120 is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site, and further reports the detection result to the processor 130. When the processor 130 determines that the electrode 120 is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site based on the detection result reported by the detection element 140, it controls the AC current source 110 to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode 120 at preset time intervals. Based on this, unnecessary AC current signal output by the AC current source 110 can be avoided, thereby reducing the power consumption of the tissue fluid extraction device 100 provided in this application.

[0048] The detection element 140 can be, for example, at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an infrared sensor. The detection element 140 is typically disposed on the surface of the electrode 120 for application to the tissue fluid extraction site. If the detection element 140 is a temperature sensor, and the temperature detected by the detection element 140 is the temperature of the extracted object, then it is determined that the electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site. If the detection element 140 is a pressure sensor, and a pressure signal is detected by the detection element 140, then it is determined that the electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site. If the detection element 140 is an infrared sensor, and an infrared signal is detected by the detection element, then it is determined that the electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site.

[0049] Furthermore, the processor 130 may be exemplarily a microcontroller (MCU).

[0050] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the tissue fluid extraction device 100 provided in this application further includes: a conductive liquid dispensing element 150, wherein:

[0051] The control terminal of the conductive liquid dropper 150 is connected to the processor 130. The processor 130 is also used to control the conductive liquid dropper 150 to drop conductive liquid onto the tissue fluid extraction site when the electrode 120 is confirmed to be attached to the tissue fluid extraction site by the detection element 140, before the AC current source 110 is in the working state of outputting a preset number of set AC current signals to the electrode 120 at preset time intervals.

[0052] In this embodiment, the conductive liquid dispensing device 150 is used to dispense conductive liquid onto the tissue fluid extraction site. The conductive liquid is used to increase the conductivity between the electrode 120 and the tissue fluid extraction site. In one embodiment of this application, the conductive liquid is a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Furthermore, 50 μL of conductive liquid is dispensed at a time into the conductive liquid dispensing device.

[0053] Furthermore, when the processor 130 determines that the electrode 120 is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site, before controlling the alternating current source 110 to output a preset number of alternating current signals to the electrode 120 at preset time intervals, it first controls the conductive liquid dispensing device 150 to dispense conductive liquid onto the tissue fluid extraction site. This avoids the problem that the intensity of the electrical stimulation corresponding to the alternating current signal output by the alternating current source 110 applied to the tissue fluid extraction site by the electrode 120 will decrease due to the tissue fluid extraction site drying out, thereby reducing the tissue fluid release rate at the tissue fluid extraction site.

[0054] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the tissue fluid extraction device 100 provided in this application further includes: a cleaning fluid dispensing element 160, wherein:

[0055] The control terminal of the cleaning fluid dispensing device 160 is connected to the processor 130. The processor 130 is also used to control the cleaning fluid dispensing device 160 to dispense cleaning fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site before controlling the conductive fluid dispensing device 150 to dispense conductive fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site, after the detection device 140 determines that the electrode 120 is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site.

[0056] In this embodiment, the cleaning solution dispenser 160 is used to dispense cleaning solution onto the tissue fluid extraction site. The cleaning solution is used to clean the tissue fluid extraction site. In one embodiment of this application, the cleaning solution is alcohol or iodine.

[0057] Furthermore, when the processor 130 determines through the detection element 140 that the electrode 120 is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site, before controlling the conductive liquid dispensing element 150 to dispense conductive liquid to the tissue fluid extraction site, it first controls the cleaning liquid dispensing element 160 to dispense cleaning liquid to the tissue fluid extraction site. This prevents the tissue fluid released from the tissue fluid extraction site from being contaminated by pollutants.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the reference current amplitude of the alternating current signal ranges from [100, 250] μA, the variation amplitude ranges from [10, 50] μA, and the frequency ranges from [5, 200] Hz. When using an alternating current signal within the aforementioned ranges to extract tissue fluid, the amount and rate of tissue fluid extracted can be balanced and reasonable. Here, the variation amplitude refers to the difference between the peak and valley values ​​of the alternating current signal.

[0059] In one embodiment of this application, the reference current amplitude of the alternating current signal is 150μA, the variation amplitude is 20μA, and the frequency is 20Hz.

[0060] In one embodiment of this application, the preset time interval ranges from (0, 30] s. Based on this, rapid extraction of tissue fluid can be achieved while taking into account skin irritation of the extraction target. In one embodiment of this application, the preset time interval is 10 s.

[0061] In one embodiment of this application, the preset number of times ranges from [5, 20]. Based on this, rapid extraction of tissue fluid can be achieved while taking into account skin irritation of the extraction target. In one embodiment of this application, the preset number of times is 10.

[0062] Based on the above embodiments, the waveform of the primary set AC current signal output by the AC current source in the tissue fluid extraction device provided in this application is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0065] Step 2, AC current source design: The preset time interval for output is 10s. The reference current amplitude of the AC signal is set to 150μA, the variation amplitude is 10μA, the frequency is 20Hz, and the duration of the AC signal is set to a sinusoidal AC signal of 30s. Five experiments are conducted under the same experimental conditions, with the preset number of experiments for each experiment being 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively.

[0066] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start the tissue fluid extraction using the AC current source designed in Step 2.

[0067] Step 4, Tissue Fluid Detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, measure the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration. It should be noted that a higher sodium ion concentration indicates a higher tissue fluid extraction rate.

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown in the experiment corresponding to Example 1 above, the sodium ion concentration in the tissue fluid gradually increases with the increase of the preset number of extractions, and the sodium ion concentration in the tissue fluid tends to level off after the preset number of extractions exceeds 10. Therefore, a preset number of extractions of 10 is sufficient to meet the requirements for tissue fluid extraction.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0071] Step 2, DC current source design: Output a DC current signal with an amplitude of 150μA and a duration of 40s. Conduct 5 experiments under the same experimental conditions, with the preset number of experiments for each experiment being 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20.

[0072] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start extracting the tissue fluid using the DC current source designed in Step 2.

[0073] Step 4, Tissue fluid detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, detect the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown in the experiment corresponding to the above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, it can be seen that under the same preset number of times, the tissue fluid extraction efficiency of DC current signal is lower than that of AC current signal.

[0075] Example 3:

[0076] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0077] Step 2, AC current source design: Output a sinusoidal AC signal with a preset time interval of 10s, a preset number of times of 10, a change amplitude of 10μA, a frequency of 20Hz, and a duration of 30s. Conduct 4 experiments under the same experimental conditions. The reference current amplitudes for each experiment are 100μA, 150μA, 200μA, and 250μA, respectively.

[0078] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start the tissue fluid extraction using the AC current source designed in Step 2.

[0079] Step 4, Tissue fluid detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, detect the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown in the experiment corresponding to Example 3 above, it can be seen that as the amplitude of the reference current of the AC signal output by the AC current source increases, the tissue fluid extraction rate increases. However, when the amplitude of the reference current exceeds 150 μA, the rate of increase in sodium ion concentration gradually slows down. Therefore, in order to prevent excessive stimulation of human skin due to excessive current, a reference current amplitude of 150 μA is selected.

[0081] Example 4:

[0082] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0083] Step 2, AC current source design: Output a sinusoidal AC signal with a preset time interval of 10s, a preset number of times of 10, a frequency of 20Hz, a reference current amplitude of 150μA, and a duration of 30s. Conduct 6 experiments under the same experimental conditions, with the corresponding amplitude changes of 0μA, 10μA, 20μA, 30μA, 40μA, and 50μA for each experiment.

[0084] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start the tissue fluid extraction using the AC current source designed in Step 2.

[0085] Step 4, Tissue fluid detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, detect the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration.

[0086] like Figure 6 As shown in the experiment corresponding to Example 4 above, the sodium ion concentration is the highest when the change amplitude is 20 μA.

[0087] Comparative Example 1:

[0088] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0089] Step 2, DC current source design: DC current amplitude is 150μA, duration is 400ms;

[0090] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start extracting the tissue fluid using the DC current source designed in Step 2.

[0091] Step 4, Tissue fluid detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, detect the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration.

[0092] Comparative Example 2:

[0093] Step 1: A conductive paste containing a mixture of carbon black and nano-gold is screen-printed onto the substrate surface. The working area of ​​the two printed electrodes is [area missing]. Then place them in an oven at 120℃ for 1 hour to dry;

[0094] Step 2, AC current source design: The preset time interval for output is 10s. The reference current amplitude of the AC signal is set to 150μA, the variation amplitude is 10μA, the frequency is 20Hz, and the duration of the AC signal is set to a sinusoidal AC signal of 30s. Five experiments are conducted under the same experimental conditions, with the preset number of experiments for each experiment being 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively.

[0095] Step 3, tissue fluid extraction: Clean the tissue fluid extraction site with alcohol, wait for the alcohol to evaporate, then add 50 μL of PBS solution to the tissue fluid extraction site, then attach the conductive side of the electrode to the tissue fluid extraction site, and start the tissue fluid extraction using the AC current source designed in Step 2.

[0096] Step 4, Tissue fluid detection: Collect the tissue fluid from the working electrode surface and perform quantitative dilution. Then, detect the sodium ion concentration in the diluted tissue fluid and calculate the tissue fluid extraction rate based on the sodium ion concentration.

[0097] The experiment revealed that Comparative Example 1 experienced skin tingling after 150 seconds, indicating that direct current signals can cause skin trauma. Comparative Example 2 did not experience skin tingling within the preset number of 20 cycles.

[0098] This application may be a system, method, and / or computer program product. A computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of this application.

[0099] Computer-readable storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer-readable storage media used herein are not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0100] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0101] The computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this application may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuits, such as programmable logic circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), are personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions. These electronic circuits can execute the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this application.

[0102] Various aspects of this application are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0103] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, they create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner; thus, the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0104] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0105] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. It will be well known to those skilled in the art that implementation in hardware, implementation in software, and implementation using a combination of software and hardware are equivalent.

[0106] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or technical improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tissue fluid extraction device, characterized in that, include: AC current source and electrodes, wherein: The AC current source is a current source that outputs a sinusoidal AC signal; the output terminal of the AC current source is connected to the electrode and is used to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at a preset time interval, so as to cause tissue fluid to permeate from the tissue fluid extraction site and at least cause the tissue fluid extraction site to produce a contraction response due to intermittent electrical stimulation, wherein the preset time interval is greater than 0 and the preset number of signals is greater than or equal to 2. The electrode is used to apply electrical stimulation corresponding to the AC current signal output by the AC current source to the tissue fluid extraction site, and the tissue fluid extraction site releases tissue fluid under the electrical stimulation. Among them, when the working area of ​​the two electrodes is 1cm 2 At that time, the reference current amplitude of the AC current signal ranges from [100, 250] μA, the variable amplitude ranges from [10, 50] μA, and the frequency ranges from [5, 200] Hz.

2. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a detection element and a processor, wherein: The detection device is used to detect whether the electrode is attached to the tissue fluid extraction site; The processor is connected to the output terminal of the detection device and the control terminal of the AC current source, respectively, and is used to control the AC current source to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at preset time intervals when the detection device determines that the electrode is applied to the tissue fluid extraction site.

3. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a conductive liquid dispensing element, wherein: The control terminal of the conductive liquid dropper is connected to the processor. The processor is further configured to, when the electrode is determined to be attached to the tissue fluid extraction site by the detection device, control the conductive liquid dropper to drop conductive liquid onto the tissue fluid extraction site before controlling the AC current source to output a preset number of AC current signals to the electrode at a preset time interval.

4. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tissue fluid extraction device further includes: a cleaning fluid dispensing unit, wherein: The control terminal of the cleaning fluid dispensing device is connected to the processor. The processor is further configured to, when the electrode is determined to be attached to the tissue fluid extraction site by the detection device, control the cleaning fluid dispensing device to dispense cleaning fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site before controlling the conductive fluid dispensing device to dispense conductive fluid to the tissue fluid extraction site.

5. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference current amplitude of the AC current signal is 150μA, the variation amplitude is 20μA, and the frequency is 20Hz.

6. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset time interval ranges from (0, 30] s.

7. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preset time interval is 10 seconds.

8. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset number of times is in the range of [5, 20].

9. The tissue fluid extraction device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preset number of times is 10.

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