Pressure energy recovery device for high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy recycling, in particular to a hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile high-pressure hydrogen storage tank pressure energy recycling device which comprises a first support, a hydrogen storage tank body is fixedly connected to the position, close to one side, of the upper end of the first support, and a vortex type expansion machine is arranged at the position, close to the other side, of the upper end of the first support. A recycling mechanism used for hydrogen pressure utilization is arranged at the upper end of the vortex type expansion machine, a spraying mechanism used for improving hydrogen pressure stability is arranged on the outer side of the vortex type expansion machine, and pressure energy of high-pressure hydrogen is converted into mechanical energy through the vortex type expansion machine to drive the permanent magnet synchronous generator to generate electricity. And meanwhile, a planetary gear train drives a screw type air compressor to output compressed air, dual-mode recovery of electric energy and pneumatic energy is achieved, the recovery mechanism achieves automatic switching of a power generation mode and a pneumatic mode through a first electromagnetic slip clutch and an electric telescopic rod, and the spraying mechanism shares a power source with a lubricating system through a bevel gear-synchronous belt transmission chain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization, and in particular to a pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles are a key development direction for zero-carbon power. High-pressure hydrogen storage tank pressure energy recovery technology is key to improving energy efficiency. Currently, traditional hydrogen internal combustion engine systems generally face the following technical bottlenecks.

[0003] Existing technologies for pressure energy recovery in high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles currently suffer from a single energy recovery mode and low overall efficiency. Traditional technologies recover pressure energy through a single power generation mode using a scroll expander, and fail to utilize the low-temperature cold energy below -100°C after expansion. Furthermore, the efficiency of preheating hydrogen with waste heat from the engine exhaust (300-500°C) is insufficient, resulting in low expander inlet temperatures and reduced efficiency. This results in over 30% of the vehicle's thermal management energy consumption. Furthermore, a single power generation mode cannot meet compressed air requirements in air usage scenarios such as vehicle braking, necessitating the configuration of an additional independent air compressor, resulting in system redundancy and impaired equipment reliability under low-temperature conditions. The scroll disc is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in low-temperature hydrogen at -100°C, and existing coatings lack sufficient hardness. Conventional lubrication systems fail to lubricate at low temperatures. Therefore, we propose a pressure energy recovery device for high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve at least one technical problem raised in the background art, the present invention proposes a pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, comprising a first bracket, wherein the upper end of the first bracket is fixedly connected to a hydrogen storage tank body near one side, the upper end of the first bracket is provided with a scroll expander near the other side, the upper end of the first bracket is fixedly connected to a first heat exchanger near the middle, the two ends of the tube-side channel of the first heat exchanger are respectively fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank body and the scroll expander, the shell-side channel of the first heat exchanger is fixedly connected to the engine exhaust waste heat recovery circuit, the upper end of the scroll expander is provided with a recovery mechanism for utilizing hydrogen pressure, and the outer side of the scroll expander is provided with a spraying mechanism for improving the stability of hydrogen pressure.

[0006] Preferably, the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the scroll expander is provided with a pressure relief valve, the other end of the pressure relief valve is fixedly connected with the tube channel of a second heat exchanger, the lower end of the second heat exchanger is fixedly connected with a first support, the other end of the tube channel of the second heat exchanger is fixedly connected with a vehicle-mounted battery cooling circuit, and the shell channel of the second heat exchanger is fixedly connected with a vehicle-mounted air conditioner refrigerant pipeline.

[0007] Preferably, the recovery mechanism comprises a rotating assembly for transmitting hydrogen pressure, and further comprises a maintenance assembly for maintaining the operation of the device.

[0008] Preferably, the rotating assembly comprises a second support fixedly connected with a scroll expander shell, the inner side of the second support is provided with a permanent magnet synchronous generator, the kinetic energy shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator is fixedly connected with a first electromagnetic slip clutch, the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch is movably connected with a main shaft of the scroll expander, the upper end output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator is fixedly connected with a second electromagnetic slip clutch, the upper end of the second electromagnetic slip clutch is movably connected with a power grid connecting rod, and the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch is movably connected with a first straight gear.

[0009] Preferably, the outer side of the permanent magnet synchronous generator is fixedly connected with an electric telescopic rod, the inner side of the electric telescopic rod is provided with three groups of third supports, the output shaft of the third support is rotatably connected with a second straight gear, the outer side of the second straight gear is meshingly connected with the first straight gear, the outer sides of the three groups of second straight gears are jointly meshingly connected with a planet carrier, the outer side of the planet carrier is fixedly connected with the second support, the inner side of the second support is provided with a screw air compressor, the lower end of the screw air compressor is fixedly connected with a third straight gear through a kinetic energy shaft, and the outer side of the third straight gear is meshed with the second straight gear.

[0010] Preferably, the maintenance assembly comprises a fourth straight gear fixedly connected with the second electromagnetic slip clutch, the outer side of the fourth straight gear is rotatably connected with a first synchronous belt, the inner side of the first synchronous belt is rotatably connected with a driving pulley, the lower end of the driving pulley is fixedly connected with an oil storage tank, the outer side of the oil storage tank is rotatably connected with an oil storage tank, the upper end of the oil storage tank is fixedly connected with the second support, the lower end of the oil storage tank is provided with an electromagnetic valve atomizing spray head, the inner side of the oil storage tank is fixedly connected with a sealing sleeve, the outer side of the sealing sleeve is provided with a feeding hole, the inner side of the sealing sleeve is rotatably connected with a conveying pipe, the outer side of the conveying pipe is provided with a feeding port, the upper end of the conveying pipe is fixedly connected with a first temperature control stirring rod, and the lower end of the conveying pipe is fixedly connected with an input port of the electromagnetic valve atomizing spray head.

[0011] Preferably, the spraying mechanism comprises a transmission assembly for transmitting kinetic energy, and further comprises a spraying assembly for stabilizing a hydrogen expander scroll.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a first bevel gear fixedly connected to the fourth spur gear, the outer side of the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, one end of the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft, the outer side of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the second bracket through a connecting plate, the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the first pulley, the outer side of the first pulley is rotatably connected to the second synchronous belt, the inner side of the second synchronous belt is rotatably connected to the third pulley, one end of the third pulley is rotatably connected to the fourth bracket, and one side of the fourth bracket is fixedly connected to the casing of the scroll expander.

[0013] Preferably, the spraying assembly includes a connecting shaft fixedly connected to the third pulley, the outer side of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a fifth bracket, the inner side of the fifth bracket is rotatably connected to a storage tank, the inner side of the storage tank stores DLC / WS2 nano-composite materials, and a plasma atomizing nozzle is provided on the outer side of the storage tank, and the plasma atomizing nozzle is rotatably connected to the inner side of the pressurized chamber of the scroll expander through a sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the inner side of the storage tank is rotatably connected to the second temperature-controlled stirring rod, the upper end of the second temperature-controlled stirring rod is fixedly connected to the fifth spur gear, the outer side of the fifth spur gear is rotatably connected to the third synchronous belt, the inner side of the third synchronous belt is rotatably connected to the sixth spur gear, one end of the sixth spur gear is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft, the outer side of the fixed shaft is rotatably connected to the fifth bracket, the other end of the fifth bracket is fixedly connected to the third bevel gear, the outer side of the third bevel gear is meshedly connected to a bevel gear disk, and one end of the bevel gear disk is fixedly connected to the fourth bracket.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. A scroll expander converts the pressure energy of high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy, driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator to generate electricity. Simultaneously, a planetary gear train drives a screw air compressor to output compressed air, achieving dual-mode recovery of "electrical energy + pneumatic energy." The power generation path: an electromagnetic slip clutch drives the permanent magnet synchronous generator, achieving a conversion efficiency of over 92%. The pneumatic path: a gear train drives the screw air compressor to produce 0.8MPa compressed air. This significantly improves the system's overall energy utilization rate, thereby achieving deep pressure energy conversion. The first heat exchanger uses the engine's exhaust waste heat to preheat the hydrogen to 50-80°C, preventing the attenuation of low-temperature expansion efficiency. The second heat exchanger simultaneously uses the cold energy of the expanded -100°C low-temperature hydrogen for on-board battery cooling and air conditioning refrigerant supercooling. The cold energy recovery rate reaches 75%, reducing the energy consumption of the vehicle's thermal management system by 30%, thereby achieving a cascaded utilization of waste heat and cold energy.

[0017] 2. The recovery mechanism automatically switches between power generation and pneumatic modes through a first electromagnetic slip clutch and an electric telescopic rod. The spray mechanism shares its power source with the lubrication system via a bevel gear-synchronous belt drive chain, reducing independent drive components, reducing system volume by 25% and weight by 15%. The maintenance component automatically adjusts the lubricating oil spray frequency according to the generator speed, and periodic alignment of the sealing sleeve and delivery pipe ensures quantitative oil delivery. The spray component automatically sprays the DLC / WS2 coating using a plasma atomizing nozzle when the machine is shut down, eliminating the need for manual intervention and improving maintenance efficiency by 40%.

[0018] 3. The WS2 particle dispersion is ensured (agglomeration rate <3%) by the rotation of the storage tank (30 rpm) in conjunction with the temperature-controlled stirring rod (120 rpm). The DLC / WS2 nano-composite coating resists hydrogen erosion at -100°C, forming a sulfide transfer film, reducing the turbine wear to ≤5μm / 100h, preventing seal failure caused by low-temperature hydrogen embrittlement, and enabling the turbine to operate for a long time under low-temperature conditions. The pressure relief valve is linked to the pressure sensor (threshold 0.5MPa). When overpressure occurs, the pressure relief channel is opened to prevent the turbine from overloading, and low-temperature hydrogen is introduced into the battery cooling circuit to achieve double safety buffering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the recovery mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the partial structure of the recovery mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spraying mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of part of the structure of the spraying mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. first bracket; 2. hydrogen storage tank body; 3. first heat exchanger; 4. scroll expander; 5. pressure relief valve; 6. recovery mechanism; 61. rotating assembly; 611. second bracket; 612. permanent magnet synchronous generator; 613. first electromagnetic slip clutch; 614. second electromagnetic slip clutch; 615. first spur gear; 616. electric telescopic rod; 617. third bracket; 618. second spur gear; 619. planetary carrier; 6110. third spur gear; 6111. screw air compressor; 62. maintenance assembly; 621. fourth spur gear; 622. first synchronous belt; 623. driving pulley; 624. first temperature-controlled stirring rod; 625. oil storage tank; 626. Delivery pipe; 627. Sealing sleeve; 628. Solenoid valve atomizing spray head; 7. Spraying mechanism; 71. Transmission assembly; 711. First bevel gear; 712. Second bevel gear; 713. Transmission shaft; 714. First pulley; 715. Second synchronous belt; 716. Third pulley; 717. Fourth bracket; 72. Spraying assembly; 721. Connecting shaft; 722. Fifth bracket; 723. Storage tank; 724. Fifth spur gear; 725. Third synchronous belt; 726. Sixth spur gear; 727. Fixed shaft; 728. Third bevel gear; 729. Bevel gear disc; 7210. Plasma atomizing spray head; 7211. Second temperature-controlled stirring rod; 8. Second heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] The following electrical components are all electrically connected through the external PLC controller.

[0029] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 A pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle comprises a first bracket 1, wherein the upper end of the first bracket 1 is fixedly connected to a hydrogen storage tank body 2 near one side, and the upper end of the first bracket 1 is provided with a scroll expander 4 near the other side, and the upper end of the first bracket 1 is fixedly connected to a first heat exchanger 3 near the middle, and the two ends of the tube-side channel of the first heat exchanger 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank body 2 and the scroll expander 4, and the shell-side channel of the first heat exchanger 3 is fixedly connected to the engine exhaust waste heat recovery circuit, and the upper end of the scroll expander 4 is provided with a recovery mechanism 6 for utilizing hydrogen pressure, and the outer side of the scroll expander 4 is provided with a spraying mechanism 7 for improving the stability of hydrogen pressure.

[0030] The hydrogen outlet pipeline of the scroll expander 4 is provided with a pressure relief valve 5, the other end of the pressure relief valve 5 is fixedly connected with the tube side channel of the second heat exchanger 8, the lower end of the second heat exchanger 8 is fixedly connected with the first support 1, the other end of the tube side channel of the second heat exchanger 8 is fixedly connected with the vehicle-mounted battery cooling circuit, and the shell side channel of the second heat exchanger 8 is fixedly connected with the vehicle-mounted air conditioner refrigerant pipeline.

[0031] Specifically, when the hydrogen pressure in the scroll expander 4 is lower than the set threshold, the pressure relief valve 5 is opened, the low-temperature hydrogen is delivered to the second heat exchanger 8, the abnormal fluctuation of the system pressure is prevented, the safety of the equipment is ensured, the tube side channel of the second heat exchanger 8 receives the low-temperature hydrogen through the pressure relief valve 5, the cooling of the vehicle-mounted battery cooling circuit is performed through heat exchange, and the stability of the battery working temperature is maintained; the shell side channel of the second heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat with the low-temperature hydrogen in the tube side channel, the supercooling degree of the vehicle-mounted air conditioner refrigerant is improved, and the air conditioner refrigeration efficiency and response speed are improved; the first support 1 is used for fixing the second heat exchanger 8, ensuring the stability of the installation position, and forming a reliable system connection with other components.

[0032] In the embodiment, the recovery mechanism 6 includes a rotating component 61 for transmitting hydrogen pressure, and the recovery mechanism 6 further includes a maintenance component 62 for maintaining the operation of the device.

[0033] Specifically, the rotating component 61 converts the mechanical energy of the main shaft rotation of the scroll expander 4 into electrical energy or compressed air energy, realizing the recycling of hydrogen pressure energy; the maintenance component 62 provides lubrication for each moving part of the device, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment and prolonging the service life.

[0034] In the embodiment, the rotating component 61 includes a second support 611 fixedly connected with the shell of the scroll expander 4, the inner side of the second support 611 is provided with a permanent magnet synchronous generator 612, the kinetic energy shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 is fixedly connected with a first electromagnetic slip clutch 613, the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 is movably connected with the main shaft of the scroll expander 4, the upper end output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 is fixedly connected with a second electromagnetic slip clutch 614, the upper end of the second electromagnetic slip clutch 614 is movably connected with a power grid connecting rod, and the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 is movably connected with a first straight gear 615.

[0035] Specifically, the second bracket 611 is fixed on the housing of the scroll expander 4, supporting the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 and other components to ensure their installation accuracy and stability; when the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 is engaged, the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 converts the kinetic energy transmitted by the main shaft of the scroll expander 4 into electrical energy, and feeds it into the on-board power grid through the second electromagnetic slip clutch 614; the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 controls the connection and disconnection between the main shaft of the scroll expander 4 and the kinetic energy shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 to achieve switching of the power generation mode; the second electromagnetic slip clutch 614 controls the connection and disconnection between the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 and the grid connecting rod to achieve control of the power output; the first spur gear 615 is connected to the main shaft of the scroll expander 4, transmits the power of the main shaft rotation, and drives other gear components to move.

[0036] In this embodiment, the outer side of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod 616, and three groups of third brackets 617 are provided on the inner side of the electric telescopic rod 616. The output shaft of the third bracket 617 is rotatably connected to the second spur gear 618, and the outer side of the second spur gear 618 is meshed with the first spur gear 615. The outer sides of the three groups of second spur gears 618 are commonly meshed with a planetary carrier 619, and the outer side of the planetary carrier 619 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 611. A screw air compressor 6111 is provided on the inner side of the second bracket 611. The lower end of the screw air compressor 6111 is fixedly connected to the third spur gear 6110 through a kinetic energy shaft, and the outer side of the third spur gear 6110 is meshed with the second spur gear 618.

[0037] Specifically, the electric telescopic rod 616 drives the third bracket 617 and the second spur gear 618 to move up and down through the telescopic movement, realizing the meshing and separation of the second spur gear 618 and the third spur gear 6110, and controlling the working state of the screw air compressor 6111; the third bracket 617 supports the second spur gear 618, so that it can move up and down and rotate under the drive of the electric telescopic rod 616; the second spur gear 618 meshes with the first spur gear 615, receives the power transmitted by it, and controls the working state of the screw air compressor 6111 by meshing with the third spur gear The meshing of 6110 drives the screw air compressor 6111 to work; the planetary carrier 619 meshes with the three sets of second spur gears 618, providing rotational support for the second spur gears 618 and ensuring the stability of their motion trajectory; the screw air compressor 6111 works under the drive of the third spur gear 6110, generating compressed air to provide an air source for the vehicle braking system, etc.; the third spur gear 6110 meshes with the second spur gear 618, transmitting power to the kinetic energy shaft of the screw air compressor 6111, driving the air compressor to work.

[0038] In this embodiment, the maintenance component 62 includes a fourth spur gear 621 fixedly connected to the second electromagnetic slip clutch 614, the outer side of the fourth spur gear 621 is rotatably connected to the first synchronous belt 622, the inner side of the first synchronous belt 622 is rotatably connected to the driving pulley 623, the lower end of the driving pulley 623 is fixedly connected to the oil storage tank 625, the outer side of the oil storage tank 625 is rotatably connected to the oil storage tank 625, and the upper end of the oil storage tank 625 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 611. An electromagnetic valve atomizing spray head 628 is provided at the lower end of the oil storage tank 625, and a sealing sleeve 627 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the oil storage tank 625, and a feed hole is provided on the outer side of the sealing sleeve 627. The inner side of the sealing sleeve 627 is rotatably connected to a delivery pipe 626, and a feed port is provided on the outer side of the delivery pipe 626. The upper end of the delivery pipe 626 is fixedly connected to the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624, and the lower end of the delivery pipe 626 is fixedly connected to the input port of the electromagnetic valve atomizing spray head 628.

[0039] Specifically, the fourth spur gear 621 is fixedly connected to the second electromagnetic slip clutch 614, receives the power transmitted by the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612, and drives the active pulley 623 to rotate through the first synchronous belt 622; the first synchronous belt 622 connects the fourth spur gear 621 and the active pulley 623, transmits power, and realizes the synchronous rotation of the two; the active pulley 623 rotates under the drive of the first synchronous belt 622, driving the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624 to stir the lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 625; the oil storage tank 625 stores lubricating oil and provides a lubricating source for the moving parts of the device; the solenoid valve atomizing spray head 628 receives the lubricating oil under the delivery of the delivery pipe 626, and drives the solenoid valve atomizing spray head 628 to receive the lubricating oil through the electromagnetic valve atomizing spray head 628. Valve control realizes atomized spray lubrication of the bearings and other components of the scroll expander 4; the sealing sleeve 627 is fixed on the inner side of the oil storage tank 625, and a feed hole is opened on the outer side, which cooperates with the delivery pipe 626 to realize quantitative delivery of lubricating oil; the delivery pipe 626 rotates on the inner side of the sealing sleeve 627 under the drive of the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624, and the lubricating oil is quantitatively delivered to the solenoid valve atomizing spray head 628 through the periodic alignment of the feed port and the feed hole of the sealing sleeve 627; the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the delivery pipe 626, and rotates under the drive of the active pulley 623, stirring the lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 625 and controlling its temperature, while driving the delivery pipe 626 to rotate.

[0040] In this embodiment, the spraying mechanism 7 includes a transmission assembly 71 for transmitting kinetic energy, and the spraying mechanism 7 also includes a spraying assembly 72 for stabilizing the scroll of the hydrogen expander.

[0041] Specifically, the transmission assembly 71 transmits the power transmitted by the fourth spur gear 621 to the spray assembly 72 through a series of transmission components to drive it to work; when the scroll expander 4 is shut down or maintained, the spray assembly 72 sprays the DLC / WS2 nano-composite coating between the scrolls to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the scrolls, reduce the friction coefficient, prevent low-temperature hydrogen embrittlement, and stabilize the hydrogen pressure.

[0042] In this embodiment, the transmission assembly 71 includes a first bevel gear 711 fixedly connected to the fourth spur gear 621, the outer side of the first bevel gear 711 is meshed with the second bevel gear 712, one end of the second bevel gear 712 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 713, the outer side of the transmission shaft 713 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 611 through a connecting plate, the other end of the transmission shaft 713 is fixedly connected to the first pulley 714, the outer side of the first pulley 714 is rotatably connected to the second synchronous belt 715, the inner side of the second synchronous belt 715 is rotatably connected to the third pulley 716, one end of the third pulley 716 is rotatably connected to the fourth bracket 717, and one side of the fourth bracket 717 is fixedly connected to the casing of the scroll expander 4.

[0043] Specifically, the first bevel gear 711 is fixedly connected to the fourth spur gear 621, receives the power transmitted therefrom, and transmits the power to the transmission shaft 713 by meshing with the second bevel gear 712; the second bevel gear 712 meshes with the first bevel gear 711, transmits the power to the transmission shaft 713, and changes the power transmission direction; the transmission shaft 713 rotates under the drive of the second bevel gear 712, is fixed to the second bracket 611 through the connecting plate, supports the first pulley 714 and transmits power; the first pulley 714 is fixed to the transmission shaft At the end of 713, the third pulley 716 is driven to rotate by the second synchronous belt 715; the second synchronous belt 715 connects the first pulley 714 and the third pulley 716 to transmit power and realize synchronous rotation of the two; the third pulley 716 rotates under the drive of the second synchronous belt 715, and drives the fifth bracket 722 of the spray assembly 72 to rotate through the connecting shaft 721; the fourth bracket 717 fixes the third pulley 716 to support its rotation, and one side is connected to the casing of the scroll expander 4 to ensure the installation stability of the transmission assembly 71.

[0044] In this embodiment, the spraying assembly 72 includes a connecting shaft 721 fixedly connected to the third pulley 716, and the outer side of the connecting shaft 721 is fixedly connected to the fifth bracket 722, and the inner side of the fifth bracket 722 is rotatably connected to the storage tank 723. The inner side of the storage tank 723 stores DLC / WS2 nano-composite materials, and the outer side of the storage tank 723 is provided with a plasma atomizing nozzle 7210, which is rotatably connected to the inner side of the pressurized chamber of the scroll expander 4 through a sleeve.

[0045] Specifically, the connecting shaft 721 is fixedly connected to the third pulley 716, receives the power transmitted by it, and drives the fifth bracket 722 to rotate; the fifth bracket 722 is fixed to the outside of the connecting shaft 721, supports the storage tank 723, drives it to rotate, keeps the DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material in the tank in a dispersed state, and transports the plasma atomizing nozzle 7210 to the designated position between the vortex discs for spraying; the storage tank 723 stores the DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material, DLC (diamond-like carbon): an amorphous carbon material with high hardness and low friction coefficient and chemical inertness; WS2 (tungsten disulfide): a layered transition metal sulfide with a layered structure similar to graphene (each layer is composed of W atoms sandwiched between two layers of S atoms), with a friction coefficient as low as 0.03 at room temperature, and can form a self-lubricating tribochemical reaction film at high temperature; the plasma atomizing nozzle 7210 is installed on the outside of the storage tank 723, and is connected to the inside of the pressurized chamber of the scroll expander 4 through a sleeve rotation. It rotates to the specified position driven by the fifth bracket 722 to spray the DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material onto the surface of the scroll disk.

[0046] In this embodiment, the inner side of the storage tank 723 is rotatably connected to the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211, the upper end of the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211 is fixedly connected to the fifth spur gear 724, the outer side of the fifth spur gear 724 is rotatably connected to the third synchronous belt 725, the inner side of the third synchronous belt 725 is rotatably connected to the sixth spur gear 726, one end of the sixth spur gear 726 is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft 727, the outer side of the fixed shaft 727 is rotatably connected to the fifth bracket 722, the other end of the fifth bracket 722 is fixedly connected to the third bevel gear 728, the outer side of the third bevel gear 728 is meshedly connected to the bevel gear disk 729, and one end of the bevel gear disk 729 is fixedly connected to the fourth bracket 717.

[0047] Specifically, the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the storage tank 723, and is driven by the fifth spur gear 724 to stir the DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material in the tank to ensure uniform mixing of the materials and control their temperature; the fifth spur gear 724 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211, and receives the power transmitted by the sixth spur gear 726 through the third synchronous belt 725 to drive the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211 to rotate; the third synchronous belt 725 connects the fifth spur gear 724 and the sixth spur gear 726 to transmit power and realize synchronous rotation of the two; the sixth spur gear 726 is fixed to one end of the fixed shaft 727, and is connected to the fixed shaft 727 through the fixed shaft 727. The fifth bracket 722 is rotatably connected, receives the power transmitted by the third bevel gear 728, and drives the fifth spur gear 724 to rotate through the third synchronous belt 725; the fixed shaft 727 fixes the sixth spur gear 726, supports its rotation, and the outer side is rotatably connected to the fifth bracket 722; the third bevel gear 728 is fixed to the other end of the fifth bracket 722, and as the fifth bracket 722 rotates, it revolves along the bevel gear disk 729 and generates rotation, transmitting the rotational energy to the sixth spur gear 726; the bevel gear disk 729 is fixed to one end of the fourth bracket 717, meshing with the third bevel gear 728, providing support for the revolution and rotation of the third bevel gear 728, and ensuring the stability of its motion trajectory.

[0048] Working principle: When in use, high-pressure hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage tank body 2 and first enters the tube-side channel of the first heat exchanger 3. Heat exchange is carried out through the engine exhaust waste heat recovery circuit in the tube-side channel of the first heat exchanger 3 to achieve preheating of the hydrogen. The preheated hydrogen enters the scroll expander 4 through the pipeline, undergoes adiabatic expansion between the scrolls, and performs work. The hydrogen temperature drops to below -100°C, and its internal energy is converted into mechanical energy to drive the main shaft of the scroll expander 4 to rotate;

[0049] When the main shaft of the scroll expander 4 rotates, it drives the first spur gear 615 connected to it to rotate synchronously. The first spur gear 615 is connected to the kinetic energy shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 through the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613. When power generation is required, the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 is controlled to engage, transferring the main shaft kinetic energy to the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612, causing it to generate power and feed the power into the vehicle power grid. If power generation is not required, the first electromagnetic slip clutch 613 is controlled to disengage, and the first spur gear 615 rotates idly with the main shaft.

[0050] When the first spur gear 615 rotates, the second spur gear 618 meshing with it is driven to begin rotating. The second spur gear 618 orbits along the inner wall of the planetary carrier 619 and rotates. At this point, the electric telescopic rod 616 is activated, and the output shaft of the third bracket 617 inside it pushes the second spur gear 618 upward until it meshes with the third spur gear 6110. The rotation of the second spur gear 618 periodically drives the third spur gear 6110 through the meshing relationship, which in turn drives the kinetic energy shaft of the screw air compressor 6111 to rotate, achieving compressed air output, providing an air source for the vehicle's braking system, etc.

[0051] When the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612 rotates, the fourth spur gear 621 fixed thereon rotates synchronously, driving the active pulley 623 to rotate through the first synchronous belt 622. The rotation of the active pulley 623 drives the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624 to stir the lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 625 to ensure that the temperature of the lubricating oil is uniform. At the same time, the first temperature-controlled stirring rod 624 drives the delivery pipe 626 to rotate inside the sealing sleeve 627. When the feed port on the outside of the delivery pipe 626 is periodically aligned with the feed hole on the outside of the sealing sleeve 627, the lubricating oil is delivered to the solenoid valve atomizing spray head 628 through the delivery pipe 626, and the bearings and other components of the scroll expander 4 are lubricated in a timely and quantitative manner according to the rotation frequency of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 612.

[0052] As the fourth spur gear 621 rotates, it also rotates the first bevel gear 711 fixed to it. The first bevel gear 711 meshes with the second bevel gear 712, which in turn rotates the transmission shaft 713. The first pulley 714 at the end of the transmission shaft 713 rotates the third pulley 716 via the second timing belt 715. The third pulley 716 then rotates the fifth bracket 722 via the connecting shaft 721. The fifth bracket 722 rotates the storage tank 723 synchronously, keeping the WS2 particles in the DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material dispersed and preventing agglomeration.

[0053] When the fifth bracket 722 rotates, the third bevel gear 728 fixed at the other end thereof revolves along the bevel gear disc 729 and simultaneously rotates due to the meshing relationship. The rotational energy of the third bevel gear 728 is transmitted to the sixth spur gear 726 through the fixed shaft 727. The sixth spur gear 726 drives the fifth spur gear 724 through the third synchronous belt 725, and then drives the second temperature-controlled stirring rod 7211 to stir the nano-composite material in the storage tank 723 to ensure that the materials are evenly mixed. When the vortex expander 4 is shut down or enters the maintenance state, the plasma atomizing nozzle 7210 on the outside of the storage tank 723 rotates with the fifth bracket 722 to the specified position between the vortex discs and sprays the DLC / WS2 nano-composite coating: the DLC matrix provides high hardness and chemical inertness to resist hydrogen erosion, and the dispersed WS2 nano-particles with a particle size of 50-100nm form a sulfide transfer film on the friction surface, which reduces the dry friction coefficient and prevents low-temperature hydrogen embrittlement;

[0054] When the pressure of the low-temperature hydrogen after expansion and work in scroll expander 4 falls below a set threshold, it enters the tube-side channel of second heat exchanger 8 through pressure relief valve 5. This first cools the vehicle battery cooling circuit, ensuring a stable operating temperature. Simultaneously, the low-temperature hydrogen flowing in the tube-side channel exchanges heat with the vehicle air conditioning refrigerant in the shell-side channel, increasing the refrigerant's subcooling and thereby improving the cooling efficiency and response speed of the air conditioning system. Throughout this process, various components work together through mechanical transmission and control logic to achieve efficient recovery and multi-purpose utilization of the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, comprising a first bracket (1), characterized in that: The upper end of the first bracket (1) is fixedly connected to a hydrogen storage tank body (2) at a position near one side, and a scroll expander (4) is provided at a position near the other side of the upper end of the first bracket (1). The upper end of the first bracket (1) is fixedly connected to a first heat exchanger (3) at a position near the middle. The two ends of the tube-side channel of the first heat exchanger (3) are respectively fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank body (2) and the scroll expander (4). The shell-side channel of the first heat exchanger (3) is fixedly connected to the engine exhaust waste heat recovery circuit. The upper end of the scroll expander (4) is provided with a recovery mechanism (6) for utilizing hydrogen pressure, and the outer side of the scroll expander (4) is provided with a spraying mechanism (7) for improving the stability of hydrogen pressure.

2. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen outlet pipeline of the scroll expander (4) is provided with a pressure relief valve (5), the inner side of the pressure relief valve (5) is provided with a pressure sensor, the other end of the pressure relief valve (5) is fixedly connected to the tube-side channel of the second heat exchanger (8), the lower end of the second heat exchanger (8) is fixedly connected to the first bracket (1), the other end of the tube-side channel of the second heat exchanger (8) is fixedly connected to the vehicle battery cooling circuit, and the shell-side channel of the second heat exchanger (8) is fixedly connected to the vehicle air-conditioning refrigerant pipeline.

3. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recovery mechanism (6) includes a rotating assembly (61) for transmitting hydrogen pressure, and the recovery mechanism (6) also includes a maintenance assembly (62) for maintaining the operation of the device.

4. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating assembly (61) includes a second bracket (611) fixedly connected to the housing of the scroll expander (4), a permanent magnet synchronous generator (612) is provided on the inner side of the second bracket (611), a kinetic energy shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (612) is fixedly connected to a first electromagnetic slip clutch (613), the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch (613) is movably connected to the main shaft of the scroll expander (4), the upper end output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (612) is fixedly connected to a second electromagnetic slip clutch (614), the upper end of the second electromagnetic slip clutch (614) is movably connected to the grid connection rod, and the lower end of the first electromagnetic slip clutch (613) is movably connected to a first straight gear (615).

5. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (612) is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod (616), and three groups of third brackets (617) are provided on the inner side of the electric telescopic rod (616). The output shaft of the third bracket (617) is rotatably connected to a second spur gear (618), and the outer side of the second spur gear (618) is meshed with the first spur gear (615). The outer sides of the three groups of second spur gears (618) are commonly meshed with a planetary carrier (619), and the outer side of the planetary carrier (619) is fixedly connected to the second bracket (611). A screw air compressor (6111) is provided on the inner side of the second bracket (611). The lower end of the screw air compressor (6111) is fixedly connected to a third spur gear (6110) via a kinetic energy shaft, and the outer side of the third spur gear (6110) is meshed with the second spur gear (618).

6. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maintenance assembly (62) includes a fourth spur gear (621) fixedly connected to the second electromagnetic slip clutch (614); the outer side of the fourth spur gear (621) is rotatably connected to the first synchronous belt (622); the inner side of the first synchronous belt (622) is rotatably connected to the driving pulley (623); the lower end of the driving pulley (623) is fixedly connected to the oil storage tank (625); the outer side of the oil storage tank (625) is rotatably connected to the oil storage tank (625); the upper end of the oil storage tank (625) is fixedly connected to the second bracket (611); The lower end of the oil tank (625) is provided with a solenoid valve atomizing spray head (628), the inner side of the oil storage tank (625) is fixedly connected to a sealing sleeve (627), the outer side of the sealing sleeve (627) is provided with a feed hole, the inner side of the sealing sleeve (627) is rotatably connected to a delivery pipe (626), the outer side of the delivery pipe (626) is provided with a feed port, the upper end of the delivery pipe (626) is fixedly connected to the first temperature-controlled stirring rod (624), and the lower end of the delivery pipe (626) is fixedly connected to the input port of the solenoid valve atomizing spray head (628).

7. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying mechanism (7) includes a transmission assembly (71) for transmitting kinetic energy, and the spraying mechanism (7) also includes a spraying assembly (72) for stabilizing the scroll of the hydrogen expander.

8. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (71) includes a first bevel gear (711) fixedly connected to a fourth spur gear (621); the outer side of the first bevel gear (711) is meshedly connected to a second bevel gear (712); one end of the second bevel gear (712) is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft (713); the outer side of the transmission shaft (713) is fixedly connected to a second bracket (611) via a connecting plate; the other end of the transmission shaft (713) is fixedly connected to a first pulley (714); the outer side of the first pulley (714) is rotatably connected to a second synchronous belt (715); the inner side of the second synchronous belt (715) is rotatably connected to a third pulley (716); one end of the third pulley (716) is rotatably connected to a fourth bracket (717); and one side of the fourth bracket (717) is fixedly connected to a casing of the scroll expander (4).

9. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spraying assembly (72) includes a connecting shaft (721) fixedly connected to the third pulley (716), a fifth bracket (722) fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting shaft (721), a storage tank (723) rotatably connected to the inside of the fifth bracket (722), the inside of the storage tank (723) stores DLC / WS2 nanocomposite material, and a plasma atomizing nozzle (7210) is provided on the outside of the storage tank (723), and the plasma atomizing nozzle (7210) is rotatably connected to the inside of the pressurized chamber of the vortex expander (4) through a sleeve.

10. The pressure energy recovery device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner side of the storage tank (723) is rotatably connected to a second temperature-controlled stirring rod (7211), the upper end of the second temperature-controlled stirring rod (7211) is fixedly connected to a fifth spur gear (724), the outer side of the fifth spur gear (724) is rotatably connected to a third synchronous belt (725), the inner side of the third synchronous belt (725) is rotatably connected to a sixth spur gear (726), one end of the sixth spur gear (726) is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft (727), the outer side of the fixed shaft (727) is rotatably connected to a fifth bracket (722), the other end of the fifth bracket (722) is fixedly connected to a third bevel gear (728), the outer side of the third bevel gear (728) is meshedly connected to a bevel gear disc (729), and one end of the bevel gear disc (729) is fixedly connected to the fourth bracket (717).

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