Method for improving quality of acer truncatum seeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of acer truncatum seeds, and belongs to the technical field of plant quality-improving and efficiency-improving cultivation. According to the method, leaf fertilizer containing gibberellin or monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on leaves of the acer truncatum, and the quality comprises grain weight, soluble sugar, soluble protein and oil content. According to the method, gibberellin and monopotassium phosphate exogenous substances are sprayed in the growth and development fast-growing period of acer truncatum fruits, and field trials and nutrient content analysis show that spraying of the exogenous substances can effectively improve the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and grease nutrient substances in the acer truncatum seeds, so that the high-quality acer truncatum seeds are obtained; meanwhile, the method is easy and convenient to operate, important theoretical basis and technical support are provided for high-quality and efficient cultivation of the acer truncatum which is an important woody oil tree species, and the method has important practical guidance value for promoting efficient development and utilization of acer truncatum nervonic acid resources.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of plant quality improvement and synergistic cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving seed quality of Acer truncatum Bunge. BACKGROUND

[0002] Acer truncatum Bunge is a unique multifunctional woody oil tree species in China, and its leaves, seeds, bark, branches and wood can be efficiently developed and utilized, and the whole body is valuable. It has huge comprehensive benefits in the fields of national reserve forest construction, food and oil safety reserve, ecological environment protection and medical health prevention and treatment, and has unlimited development potential and great research value. The protein content in the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge reaches 27%, which is higher than that of soybean, and contains eight essential amino acids for human body, which can be used as a high-quality protein additive for food processing or production of protein milk beverage; most importantly, as a high-quality woody oil crop, the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge contain various functional fatty acids, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids is more than 90%, especially the natural active substance recognized internationally, which is the only substance that can promote the repair and regeneration of brain nerve cells, namely nervonic acid. Nervonic acid is the core component of human nerve fibers and nerve cells, and is the only double-effect magical substance that can repair nerve fibers and promote nerve cell regeneration. It can activate damaged, diseased and dormant nerve cells, reshape neural networks, and restore some or all functions of patients in language, memory, sensation and limbs. It has quite good curative effect on the prevention and treatment of sequelae of cerebral apoplexy, cerebral palsy, cerebral atrophy, memory loss and Alzheimer's disease. This property also makes the seed oil of Acer truncatum Bunge an important development and utilization resource for both medicine and food.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of health consciousness, people tend to choose high-end food, and pay more attention to the nutritional value while pursuing quality. Therefore, increasing the volume and weight of seeds, and improving the endogenous nutrient content of seeds to promote high-quality and high-yield of plants is one of the directions of economic tree species industry development. As an important kernel economic tree species, the content of each nutrient component in the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge directly affects the nutritional value and market competitiveness of the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge. Improving the content of nutrient substances such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and oil in the seeds of Acer truncatum Bunge is of great significance for the development of high-nutritional-value Acer truncatum Bunge seed products and high-end functional edible oil.

[0004] A large number of studies at home and abroad have proved that the supplement of exogenous hormones and mineral nutrients plays a significant role in promoting high-quality and high-yield of economic tree species. Appropriate application can achieve the purpose of regulating plant growth and development, and is beneficial to improving the nutrient content of plant seeds and enhancing the economic value.

[0005] The seed traits of Acer truncatum are greatly affected by ecological environment, and serious germplasm differentiation occurs in long-term natural selection and species evolution, and the seed quality, seed nutrient component content, and seed oil characteristics are different, which limits the maximization of economic value. Therefore, how to improve the seed nutrient component content of Acer truncatum through external intervention technology has become a research hotspot. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a method for improving the seed quality of Acer truncatum, which is simple and controllable in cost, and provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of Acer truncatum, an important woody oil tree species, and has important practical guiding value for promoting the efficient development and utilization of Acer truncatum seeds.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] A method for improving the seed quality of Acer truncatum, wherein a leaf fertilizer containing gibberellin or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves of Acer truncatum, and the quality includes grain weight, soluble sugar, soluble protein and oil content.

[0009] Further, the Acer truncatum is selected from 10-year-old healthy plants.

[0010] Further, the concentration of gibberellin is 30-110 mg / L.

[0011] Further, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.5-7.5 g / L.

[0012] Further, the spraying frequency is 1-3 times.

[0013] Further, the spraying method is: about 5 L per tree is uniformly sprayed on the leaves of Acer truncatum each time, the best spraying period is the middle of June, the middle of July and the middle of August, and appropriate spraying concentration and frequency are selected according to different production purposes, and re-spraying is performed when it rains.

[0014] Further, the method for improving the seed grain weight of Acer truncatum is: preparing a solution containing 90 mg / L gibberellin, and spraying the solution on the leaves of Acer truncatum in the middle of June, the middle of July and the middle of August, and spraying 3 times in total.

[0015] Further, the method for improving the soluble sugar of Acer truncatum seed is: preparing a solution containing 110 mg / L gibberellin, and spraying the solution on the leaves of Acer truncatum in the middle of June.

[0016] Further, the method for improving the soluble protein of Acer truncatum seed is: preparing a solution containing 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spraying the solution on the leaves of Acer truncatum in the middle of June, the middle of July and the middle of August, and spraying 3 times in total.

[0017] Further, the method for improving the seed oil content of Acer truncatum Bunge: 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared, and the leaf surface of Acer truncatum Bunge is sprayed once in the middle of June, the middle of July and the middle of August, and a total of 3 times.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) The present application sprays gibberellin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate exogenous substances in the fast-growing period of the fruit growth and development of Acer truncatum Bunge, and field tests and nutrient content analysis show that the spraying of the exogenous substances can effectively improve the soluble sugar (6.80%), soluble protein (196.35%) and oil (46.98%) nutrient content of Acer truncatum Bunge seeds, so as to obtain high-quality Acer truncatum Bunge seeds.

[0020] (2) The technical scheme of the present application is simple to operate and controllable in cost, provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of Acer truncatum Bunge, an important woody oil tree species, has important practical guiding value for promoting the efficient development and utilization of Acer truncatum Bunge nervonic acid resources, and provides a new research idea for the quality regulation of woody oil crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present application will be further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present application, and it should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0022] The test site of the present study is the Acer truncatum Bunge test forest in Yangcang Village, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province (117°15'E, 35°08'N), which belongs to a temperate monsoon continental climate with sufficient light and abundant rainfall. The average annual temperature is 14.6℃, the average annual ground temperature is 16.3℃, the average annual precipitation is about 773.1mm, the frost-free period is about 210d, and the annual sunshine hours are 2383h.

[0023] The Acer truncatum Bunge used in the following examples is from the Acer truncatum Bunge test forest in Yangcang Village, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and 10-year-old healthy Acer truncatum Bunge (Acer truncatum Bunge) with consistent site conditions, good growth, healthy tree body, no diseases and insect pests, and normal flowering and fruiting is selected as the test tree, with an average plant height of (6.5±0.5) m, an average diameter at breast height of (15.5±0.8) cm, a plant spacing of 8m×8m, and conventional management.

[0024] In the following examples, potassium dihydrogen phosphate used was purchased from "Guoguang Brand Power Potassium" (KH2PO4≧98%, P2O5≧51%, K2O≧33.8%) produced by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.; gibberellins were purchased from "36 Brand" gibberellic acid (active ingredient content 75%) produced by Shanghai Tongrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; sucrose (analytical grade) and anthrone (analytical grade) were purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; ethyl acetate (analytical grade), concentrated sulfuric acid, bovine serum albumin, Coomassie Brilliant Blue, phosphoric acid, and petroleum ether (analytical grade, boiling range 60-90°C) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0025] The following examples describe spraying Acer truncatum: 5 L of spray per tree was applied evenly to the leaves. The optimal spraying times were mid-June, mid-July, and mid-August. The appropriate spray concentration and frequency were selected based on the specific production objectives. Spraying was performed on clear, windless days; re-spraying was required in case of rain.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] During the rapid growth period of Acer truncatum fruit from June to August in 2023, 10-year-old healthy plants were selected from the Acer truncatum experimental forest in Yangcang Village. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin were sprayed on the leaves at different times every month, with each spraying once a month, to screen the types of exogenous substances with better effects. The exogenous substances used were 3g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and 50mg / L GA3 aqueous solution, respectively. Three spraying times were set: 1 time, 2 times, and 3 times. The spraying of an equal amount of water was used as a control. In early November 2023, when the Acer truncatum fruit was ripe, the normally developed and complete winged fruits were collected. After peeling the peel, the thousand-grain weight of the Acer truncatum seeds was measured. After peeling the peel and seed coat, the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and oil content of the Acer truncatum seed kernel were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0028] The specific determination methods for thousand-grain weight, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and oil content are as follows:

[0029] Thousand-grain weight of seeds: The 100-grain weight of seeds in different treatment groups was determined using the 100-grain method according to the "Regulations for the Inspection of Forest Tree Seeds" (GB2772-1999). 100 seeds were randomly selected using the cross-section method and weighed individually using a 1 / 1000th scale. The average weight of the seeds in each treatment group was then multiplied by 10 to obtain the 1000-grain weight.

[0030] The soluble sugar content of the seed kernel: 0.2 g of the sample of Acer truncatum seed kernel was accurately weighed, cut and ground into fine powder in a mortar, and then transferred into a 15 mL centrifuge tube, 10 mL of distilled water was added, and the tube was sealed with a preservative film and placed in 100℃ boiling water for extraction for 2 times, each for 30 min, and then cooled to room temperature, followed by centrifugation at 8000 r / min for 10 min, and the supernatant was collected in a volumetric flask after repeated centrifugation for 2 times. The soluble sugar content of the Acer truncatum seed kernel was determined by anthrone colorimetry.

[0031] The soluble protein content of the seed kernel: 0.5 g of the sample of Acer truncatum seed kernel was accurately weighed and placed in a mortar, a small amount of quartz sand and distilled water were added to grind the sample into a homogenate, and then transferred into a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and the remaining residues in the mortar were washed with 10 mL of distilled water and poured into the centrifuge tube. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 8000 r / min for 10 min, and the soluble protein content of the Acer truncatum seed kernel was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining method using bovine serum albumin as a standard.

[0032] The oil content of the seed kernel: The Soxhlet extraction method was used to determine the oil content of the Acer truncatum seed kernel. 2 g of Acer truncatum seed kernel powder was accurately weighed and transferred into a previously dried and weighed (C) defatted filter paper. The wrapped sample was placed in a sample box and then placed in an oven at 105℃ for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, the sample was weighed (A). The weighed sample was placed in a Soxhlet extractor, and petroleum ether was used as the solvent. The flask was placed in a water bath at 65℃ for extraction for 8-10 h. After extraction, the sample was removed, and the petroleum ether was allowed to evaporate completely. The sample was then placed in a 105℃ oven for drying, and the weight of the dried filter paper package was re-weighed (B) after cooling to room temperature (accurate to 0.001 g). The oil content of the seed kernel was calculated by the formula (seed kernel oil content = (A-B) / (A-C) x 100%).

[0033] Table 1 Effect of spraying different types of exogenous substances on the thousand seed weight, nutrient content and oil content of Acer truncatum seeds in 2023

[0034]

[0035] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin has different effects on the nutrient content and oil content of Acer truncatum seeds. Compared with the other two, GA3 has a better effect on improving the oil content of Acer truncatum seed kernel, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a better effect on improving the thousand seed weight, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of Acer truncatum seeds.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Based on the results of the 2023 spraying test, in the fast-growing period of 6-8 months of fruit growth and development of P. speciosa in 2024, 10-year-old healthy plants in the P. speciosa test forest of Yangcang Village were selected for different concentrations and frequencies of gibberellin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spraying test every month, each sprayed once a month, to determine the optimal spraying concentration and frequency of gibberellin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and set up 1, 2, and 3 times of spraying frequency, with equal amount of water as control. In early November 2024, when the fruits of P. speciosa were mature, the alar fruits that developed normally and were complete were collected, the pericarp was peeled off, and the thousand seed weight of P. speciosa was measured; the pericarp and seed coat were peeled off, and the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and oil content of P. speciosa kernel were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Measurement method: In early November 2024 (fruit ripening period), several alar fruits that developed normally and were complete were collected from the east, south, west, and north directions of the test P. speciosa, packed into labeled net bags, and brought back to the laboratory for drying. Several P. speciosa seeds with peeled pericarp were randomly selected for thousand seed weight determination; several P. speciosa kernels with peeled pericarp and seed coat were randomly selected for soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and oil content determination. The specific determination method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0039] Table 2 Effects of different concentrations and frequencies of exogenous substances on the thousand seed weight, nutrient content, and oil content of P. speciosa in 2024

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] As shown in Table 2, after different exogenous substance spraying treatments, the thousand seed weight, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and oil content of P. speciosa kernel showed significant differences, indicating that the spraying of different concentrations and frequencies of gibberellin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate could cause changes in their contents, but the increasing and decreasing effects were not the same.

[0043] Compared with the control group, the thousand seed weight of the seed in multiple treatment groups was improved, but there was a certain difference in the thousand seed weight among the treatment groups, and it reached a significant level. When the spraying concentration of GA3 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate was appropriate, the more the spraying times, the better the effect. Compared with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment group, the GA3 treatment group had better effect on improving the thousand seed weight; among them, the D3 treatment, i.e., 90 mg / L GA3 sprayed 3 times, the thousand seed weight of P. speciosa reached the highest of 194.02 g, which was significantly improved by 86.69 g compared with the control group, and was much higher than that of other treatment groups.

[0044] The soluble sugar content of the seed kernel of Acer truncatum Batal. was improved in the treatment groups compared with the control group, but there were some differences in the soluble sugar content of the seed kernel among the treatment groups, and the differences reached a significant level. Compared with other treatments, the effect of GA3 on the soluble sugar content of the seed kernel of Acer truncatum Batal. was better. Low-concentration GA3 was suitable for multiple spraying, and high-concentration GA3 should reduce the number of spraying. The effect of low-concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate was better than that of high-concentration, and multiple spraying was better. The soluble sugar content of the seed kernel of Acer truncatum Batal. reached the highest level of 6.80% when the E1 treatment (110 mg / L GA3 sprayed once), which was significantly higher than the control group by 2.43%, and was much higher than other treatment groups.

[0045] The soluble protein content of the seed kernel of Acer truncatum Batal. was improved in the different treatments compared with the control group, and the soluble protein content of the seed kernel increased first and then decreased with the increase of the spraying concentration of exogenous substances. Compared with GA3 treatment, the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment on the soluble protein content of the seed kernel was better. When 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed 2-3 times or 7.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed once, the soluble protein content of the seed kernel reached a higher level, which was significantly higher than the control group by 34.17 mg / L, 40.77 mg / L, and 37.44 mg / L, respectively.

[0046] The oil content of the seed kernel of Acer truncatum Batal. was improved in the different treatments compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference in the oil content among the treatment groups, and there was a slight difference in the oil content. When the concentration of GA3 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate was appropriate, the effect of multiple spraying was relatively better. When 70 mg / L GA3 was sprayed 3 times or 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed 2-3 times, the oil content of the seed kernel reached a higher level, which was significantly higher than the control group by 7.90%, 7.96%, and 8.80%, respectively.

[0047] The effect of spraying different exogenous substances was comprehensively evaluated by the membership function comprehensive evaluation method, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0048] Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of the effect of spraying different exogenous substances

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] From the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the effects of different concentrations and times of gibberellin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying on the seed quality of Acer truncatum are different, according to the average membership function value size, it can be seen that when H3 treatment, i.e. 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying 3 times, the thousand seed weight, seed kernel soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and oil content of Acer truncatum are at a higher level, the seed quality is optimal, which shows that 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying 3 times is the best technical scheme for improving the seed quality of Acer truncatum.

[0052] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds, characterized in that: The foliage of Acer truncatum is sprayed with foliar fertilizer containing gibberellins or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The quality includes grain weight, soluble sugar, soluble protein and oil content.

2. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The maple is selected from 10-year-old healthy plants.

3. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The concentration of the gibberellin is 30-110 mg / L.

4. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1.5-7.5 g / L.

5. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The spraying times is 1-3 times.

6. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The spraying method is: spray about 5L per tree evenly on the leaves of Acer truncatum. The best spraying period is mid-June, mid-July and mid-August. Choose the appropriate spraying concentration and frequency according to different production purposes, and spray again in case of rain.

7. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: A method for increasing the seed weight of Acer truncatum: prepare a solution containing 90 mg / L gibberellin and spray the leaves of Acer truncatum once in mid-June, mid-July and mid-August, for a total of three sprays.

8. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: A method for increasing the soluble sugar content of Acer truncatum seeds: prepare a solution containing 110 mg / L gibberellin and spray the leaves of Acer truncatum once in mid-June.

9. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, wherein: A method for increasing the soluble protein content of Acer truncatum seeds: prepare a solution containing 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray the leaves of Acer truncatum once in mid-June, mid-July and mid-August, for a total of three sprays.

10. The method for improving the quality of Acer truncatum seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: A method for increasing the oil content of maple seeds: prepare 4.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray the maple leaves once in mid-June, mid-July and mid-August, for a total of three sprays.

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