A device for removing impurities from a rare earth sulfate leaching solution

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of rare earth impurity removal, in particular to a rare earth sulfate leaching solution impurity removal device, which comprises a three-stage series reaction kettle, the three-stage series reaction kettle is used for step-by-step impurity removal of the rare earth sulfate pretreatment clear liquid which has passed through the backwashing filter and the precision filter; one side of the three-stage series reaction kettle is connected with an efficient thickener, the efficient thickener is used for separating the supernatant and the underflow of the suspension which has passed through the three-stage series reaction kettle; one side of the efficient thickener is provided with an extraction tower; the first adjusting structure is used for realizing the vertical movement of the fixed ring, and the distance between the fixed ring and the rotating disc can be dynamically adjusted according to the feed amount; when the feed amount increases, the fixed ring moves downward to reduce the distance to enhance the shear force, so that the two phases can be fully mixed; when the feed amount decreases, the fixed ring moves upward to increase the distance to avoid excessive shearing to cause emulsification, thereby solving the problem that the traditional device cannot adapt to the feed amount fluctuation and improving the mass transfer stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a rare earth impurity removal technology field, in particular to a rare earth sulfate leaching solution impurity removal device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the rare earth smelting industry, the impurity removal of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution is a key link for producing high-purity rare earth products. The leaching solution usually contains various impurity ions such as iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium. If these impurities cannot be effectively removed, the subsequent rare earth separation and purification effect will be seriously affected, and the purity and quality of the final product will be reduced. At present, the solvent extraction method is commonly used in industry for impurity removal treatment of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution, and a rotating disc type pulse extraction column is mostly used. In actual application, the existing rotating disc type pulse extraction column cannot dynamically adjust the shear force according to the feeding amount of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution. When the feeding amount increases, the fixed shear force cannot guarantee the full mixing of the two phases, resulting in incomplete mass transfer and residual impurities. Therefore, the rare earth sulfate leaching solution impurity removal device is provided, which can dynamically adjust the shear force according to the feeding amount of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution, so as to improve the mass transfer rate, shorten the impurity removal time and meet the efficient production demand. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems in the prior art, the application provides a rare earth sulfate leaching solution impurity removal device which can dynamically adjust the shear force according to the feeding amount of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution, so as to improve the mass transfer rate, shorten the impurity removal time and meet the efficient production demand.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the application to solve the technical problem is a rare earth sulfate leaching solution impurity removal device, which comprises a three-stage series reaction kettle, the three-stage series reaction kettle is used for step-by-step impurity removal of the rare earth sulfate pretreated clear liquid after backwashing filters and precision filters, one side of the three-stage series reaction kettle is connected with an efficient thickener, the efficient thickener is used for separating supernatant and underflow of the suspension after the three-stage series reaction kettle, one side of the efficient thickener is provided with an extraction tower, and the extraction tower is used for extracting the supernatant of the efficient thickener.

[0005] The extraction tower comprises a cylinder, the cylinder is connected with a heavy liquid inlet, a light liquid inlet, a heavy liquid outlet and a light liquid outlet, a plurality of groups of fixed rings are slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, a driving shaft vertically arranged in the cylinder is arranged, a plurality of groups of rotating discs corresponding to the fixed rings are distributed on the driving shaft, and a first adjusting structure for driving the vertical movement of the fixed rings is arranged in the cylinder.

[0006] Specifically, the first adjusting structure comprises a plurality of groups of holes circumferentially distributed on the fixing ring, a threaded sleeve is fixedly connected in the hole, a plurality of groups of vertical supporting rods are arranged in the cylinder, the supporting rods pass through the threaded sleeve and are threadedly connected with the threaded sleeve, the lower end of the supporting rod is rotatably connected with a supporting seat, the supporting seat is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder, the upper end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with a driving gear, and a driving assembly in meshing transmission with the driving gear is arranged in the cylinder.

[0007] Specifically, the driving assembly comprises a fixed cylinder fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder, one end of the fixed cylinder is in communication with the inside of the cylinder, a sealing plate is sealingly and slidably connected in the fixed cylinder, an extrusion spring is connected between the sealing plate and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder, and a rack in meshing transmission with the driving gear is fixedly connected to the side of the sealing plate away from the extrusion spring.

[0008] Specifically, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of groups of vertically arranged positioning grooves, and the outer side of the fixing ring is provided with a positioning block in sliding connection with the positioning grooves.

[0009] Specifically, the rotating disc is circumferentially distributed with radially arranged paddles, and the upper end of the driving shaft passes through the cylinder and is fixedly connected with a driving motor.

[0010] Specifically, the rotating disc is circumferentially distributed with radially arranged paddles, and the upper end of the driving shaft passes through the cylinder and is fixedly connected with a driving motor.

[0011] Specifically, the lower end of the cylinder is detachably connected with a pulser.

[0012] Specifically, the cylinder is provided with a horizontally arranged first grid plate and a second grid plate, the first grid plate is located above the heavy liquid inlet, the second grid plate is located below the light liquid inlet, and the driving shaft passes through the first grid plate and the second grid plate and is rotatably connected with the first grid plate and the second grid plate.

[0013] Specifically, the outer side of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of groups of fixed clamping rings, a plurality of groups of vertical fixing rods are arranged on the fixed clamping ring, the lower end of the fixing rod is fixedly connected with a support, and the lower end of the support is fixedly connected with a supporting bottom plate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0015] The present invention discloses a sulfuric acid rare earth leaching solution impurity removal device, which relies on a first adjustment structure to realize the vertical movement of the fixed ring. The distance between the fixed ring and the turntable can be dynamically adjusted according to the feed rate: when the feed rate increases, the fixed ring moves down to reduce the distance to enhance the shearing force and ensure that the two phases are fully mixed; when the feed rate decreases, the fixed ring moves up to increase the distance to avoid excessive shearing and emulsification. This solves the problem that traditional devices cannot adapt to feed rate fluctuations and improves mass transfer stability.

[0016] The present invention discloses a sulfuric acid rare earth leaching solution impurity removal device, wherein the turntable and the drive shaft are connected by a threaded pipe, torsion spring and other structures, and the position can be automatically adjusted according to the viscosity of the leaching solution: when the viscosity increases, the turntable moves upward and reduces the gap due to resistance, thereby increasing the shear force to overcome the liquid resistance; when the viscosity decreases, the turntable returns to its original position and increases the gap to prevent emulsification, thereby realizing the adaptive response of shear force to viscosity changes and ensuring the impurity removal effect under different viscosity conditions.

[0017] The sulfuric acid rare earth leaching solution impurity removal device of the present invention adopts a first adjustment structure with the threaded engagement of a threaded sleeve and a support rod, and the meshing transmission of a drive gear and a rack. Combined with the sensing of pressure changes inside the cylinder by a sealing plate, the device can automatically trigger adjustment without manual intervention. It has a rapid response and precise adjustment, which is suitable for the scenario of frequent fluctuations in feed rate in industrial production and reduces the difficulty of operation.

[0018] The sulfuric acid rare earth leaching solution impurity removal device of the present invention can form a shear force superposition enhancement effect under extreme working conditions of high flow rate and high viscosity by bidirectional dynamic adjustment of the fixed ring and the rotating disk. This ensures full contact and mass transfer between the two phases, and more thorough transfer of impurity ions. Compared with traditional devices, the amount of impurity residue is significantly reduced, the impurity removal time is shortened, and the needs of high-efficiency production are met. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the cylinder of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cylindrical body of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of region A;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fixed cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of region B;

[0026] Figure 7 Figure is a schematic diagram of the driving shaft connecting structure of the application;

[0027] Figure 8 Figure is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rotating disc of the application;

[0028] Figure 9 Figure is an enlarged view of the C area of Figure 8 Figure is an enlarged view of the C area of

[0029] In the figure: 1, three-stage series reaction kettle; 2, high-efficiency thickener; 3, cylinder; 4, heavy liquid inlet; 5, light liquid inlet; 6, heavy liquid outlet; 7, light liquid outlet; 8, fixed ring; 9, driving shaft; 10, rotating disc; 11, opening; 12, threaded sleeve; 13, support rod; 14, support seat; 15, driving gear; 16, fixed cylinder; 17, sealing plate; 18, extrusion spring; 19, rack; 20, positioning groove; 21, positioning block; 22, paddle; 23, driving motor; 24, threaded pipe; 25, threaded structure; 26, mounting ring; 27, sealing cylinder; 28, torsional spring; 29, first lattice plate; 30, second lattice plate; 31, fixed snap ring; 32, fixed rod; 33, support; 34, support base plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects of the application easy to understand, the application is further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0031] In order to dynamically adjust the shear force according to the feed amount of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution, thereby improving the mass transfer rate, shortening the impurity removal time, and meeting the high-efficiency production demand, as an embodiment of the application, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 A device for removing impurities from a rare earth sulfate leaching solution, comprising a three-stage series reaction kettle 1, which is used for step-by-step impurity removal of the pretreated clear liquid of the rare earth sulfate after passing through a backwashing filter and a precision filter; one side of the three-stage series reaction kettle 1 is connected to a high-efficiency thickener 2, which is used for separation of supernatant and underflow of the suspension after passing through the three-stage series reaction kettle 1; one side of the high-efficiency thickener 2 is provided with an extraction tower, which is used for extracting the supernatant of the high-efficiency thickener 2.

[0032] The extraction tower comprises a cylinder 3, the cylinder 3 is connected with a heavy liquid inlet 4, a light liquid inlet 5, a heavy liquid outlet 6 and a light liquid outlet 7, a plurality of groups of fixed rings 8 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 3, a driving shaft 9 vertically arranged is arranged in the cylinder 3, a plurality of groups of rotating discs 10 corresponding to the fixed rings 8 are distributed on the driving shaft 9, and a first adjusting structure for driving the vertical movement of the fixed rings 8 is arranged in the cylinder 3.

[0033] In use, the rare earth sulfate leaching solution to be treated is first passed into the backwashing filter to remove coarse particulate impurities in the leaching solution; the filtered liquid is then passed into the precision filter to further remove fine impurities, obtaining a rare earth sulfate pretreated clear liquid, which is passed into the three-stage series reaction kettle 1, and through multi-stage step-by-step reaction, the impurities are gradually removed. In different reaction stages, for different impurity ions such as iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and the like contained in the leaching solution, by sequentially adding appropriate impurity removal reagents such as precipitants and the like, the impurity ions form precipitates or separable complexes in stages, forming a suspension containing impurities.

[0034] The suspension discharged from the three-stage series reaction kettle 1 enters the high-efficiency thickener 2, and through gravity sedimentation, solid impurities such as precipitated impurity compounds in the suspension form an underflow at the bottom of the thickener, which can be collected for subsequent treatment, and the supernatant is used as the target liquid to be extracted and delivered to the extraction column.

[0035] The supernatant is used as heavy liquid and is passed into the cylinder 3 from the heavy liquid inlet 4, and the extractant is used as light liquid and is passed into the cylinder 3 from the light liquid inlet 5, the two phases are naturally contacted in the cylinder 3, the driving shaft 9 is started, the driving shaft 9 drives the rotating disc 10 to rotate, the rotating disc 10 cooperates with the fixed ring 8 on the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to generate shear force on the heavy liquid and the light liquid, promoting mass transfer between the two phases, the light liquid after extraction, the impurity-containing extraction phase is discharged from the light liquid outlet 7 of the cylinder 3, and the heavy liquid, the purified rare earth sulfate solution, is discharged from the heavy liquid outlet 6 of the cylinder 3, completing the final purification.

[0036] When the feed amount of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution increases, the liquid flow into the extraction column cylinder 3 increases, resulting in an increase in the pressure in the cylinder 3, and the first adjusting structure drives the fixed ring 8 to move vertically downward along the inner wall of the cylinder 3, gradually reducing the distance between the fixed ring 8 and the corresponding rotating disc 10, according to the principle of stirring and shearing, when the rotating speed of the rotating disc 10 is unchanged, the smaller the distance between the fixed ring 8 and the rotating disc 10, the stronger the shearing effect on the liquid, thereby realizing the targeted improvement of the shearing force to meet the mixing demand under large feed amount.

[0037] When the feed rate increases, the flow rate of the liquid in the cylinder 3 increases. Traditional fixed-distance devices are prone to insufficient mixing of heavy and light liquids due to insufficient shear force. This device automatically triggers and increases the shear force by changing the feed rate, ensuring that the heavy and light liquids can still make sufficient contact even at high flow rates. Impurity ions such as calcium and magnesium can be efficiently transferred from the leaching phase to the extraction phase, reducing impurity residues caused by insufficient mixing. At the same time, if the shear force is preset too high to adapt to the large feed rate, it will cause emulsification of the two phases due to excessive shearing when the feed rate is small, which will destroy the separation effect and increase the cost of subsequent processing. This device avoids the contradiction of insufficient shearing at large feed rates and excessive shearing at small feed rates, significantly improving the impurity removal stability under different feed rate conditions, reducing the difficulty of subsequent separation processes, and better meeting the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0038] To ensure sufficient contact between the heavy liquid and the light liquid even at high flow rates, for example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the present invention further includes the following: the first adjustment structure includes several sets of circumferentially distributed openings 11 on the fixed ring 8; a threaded sleeve 12 is fixedly connected in the openings 11; several sets of vertically arranged support rods 13 are provided inside the cylinder 3; the support rods 13 pass through the threaded sleeves 12 and are threadedly connected to the threaded sleeves 12; a support seat 14 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the support rod 13; the support seat 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 3; a drive gear 15 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support rod 13; and a drive assembly that meshes with the drive gear 15 is provided inside the cylinder 3.

[0039] During use, when the feed rate increases, the liquid flow rate entering the extraction tower body 3 increases, leading to an increase in pressure inside the body 3. The drive component starts and meshes with the drive gear 15, causing the drive gear 15 to rotate around its own axis. The rotation of the drive gear 15 directly drives the support rod 13 to rotate synchronously. When the support rod 13 rotates, the threaded sleeve 12 moves vertically downward along the axis of the support rod 13 under the action of the thread, thereby driving the fixed ring 8, which is fixedly connected to the threaded sleeve 12, to move downward synchronously, reducing the distance between the fixed ring 8 and the turntable 10. When the fixed ring 8 moves downward and reduces the distance between it and the turntable 10, it can improve the shear force between the heavy liquid and the light liquid. This solves the problem of slow mass transfer interface between the heavy liquid and the light liquid caused by insufficient shear strength under high flow rate in traditional fixed gap structures. It ensures that the heavy liquid and the light liquid can still make full contact under high flow rate, and can quickly respond to changes in the feed rate, realizing the instantaneous downward movement of the fixed ring 8, avoiding the problem of insufficient mixing caused by adjustment lag.

[0040] To adapt to different feed rates and operating conditions, the shearing force can be adjusted, for example, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 ,Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also includes a driving assembly comprising a fixed cylinder 16 fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder 3, one end of the fixed cylinder 16 communicating with the interior of the cylinder 3, a sealing plate 17 being slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 16, a compression spring 18 being connected between the sealing plate 17 and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 16, and a rack 19 being fixedly connected to the side of the sealing plate 17 away from the compression spring 18, which meshes with the driving gear 15 for transmission.

[0041] During use, when the pressure inside the extraction tower body 3 increases due to the increased feed rate, the pressure is transmitted to the sealing plate 17 inside the fixed cylinder 16 through the communication channel between the fixed cylinder 16 and the inside of the body 3. Under the action of pressure, the sealing plate 17 slides away from the body 3, while compressing the spring 18. The sliding of the sealing plate 17 drives the rack 19 to move horizontally in sync. The rack 19 meshes with the drive gear 15, driving the drive gear 15 to rotate. In turn, the drive gear 15 drives the support rod 13 to rotate. When the support rod 13 rotates, the threaded sleeve 12 moves vertically downward along the axis of the support rod 13 under the action of the thread, thereby driving the fixed ring 8 to move downward in sync, reducing the distance between the fixed ring 8 and the turntable 10, and increasing the shear force on the heavy liquid and the light liquid.

[0042] Without manual intervention, the adjustment is triggered solely by pressure changes within the cylinder 3, enabling an instant response to fluctuations in the feed rate. When the feed rate increases, the fixed ring 8 is automatically driven to move downward to increase the shearing force; when the feed rate decreases, the compression spring 18 drives the sealing plate 17 to reset, causing the fixed ring 8 to move upward to reduce the shearing force. This perfectly adapts to different feed rate conditions, avoiding the lag of manual intervention. It can maintain a stable impurity removal effect in industrial production where the feed rate fluctuates frequently, while reducing impurity residue or emulsification problems caused by untimely adjustment, thus improving production efficiency and product purity.

[0043] For example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also includes a plurality of vertically arranged positioning grooves 20 provided on the inner wall of the cylinder 3, and a positioning block 21 slidably connected to the positioning grooves 20 provided on the outer side of the fixing ring 8.

[0044] During use, when the fixed ring 8 moves vertically upward or downward under the drive of the first adjustment structure, the positioning block 21 slides synchronously along the vertical direction of the positioning groove 20, ensuring that the fixed ring 8 does not undergo radial offset or circumferential rotation during the movement. At the same time, the fixed ring 8 always maintains a coaxial and coplanar relative position with the corresponding turntable 10, avoiding uneven local gaps caused by the offset of the fixed ring 8, such as one side having too large a gap and the other side having too small a gap, ensuring that the shearing force is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and preventing problems such as insufficient local mixing or excessive shearing.

[0045] For example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also includes radially arranged blades 22 distributed on the circumference of the turntable 10, and the upper end of the drive shaft 9 passes through the cylinder 3 and is fixedly connected to a drive motor 23.

[0046] When in use, start the drive motor 23. The output shaft of the drive motor 23 drives the drive shaft 9 to rotate. The rotation of the drive shaft 9 directly drives the turntable 10 to rotate synchronously. The blade 22 rotates around the axis of the drive shaft 9 together with the turntable 10. During the rotation, the blade 22 generates radial shearing and stirring action on the heavy liquid and light liquid in the cylinder 3, promoting the mixing and disturbance of the two phase liquids and promoting full contact between the heavy liquid and the light liquid.

[0047] To accommodate the mixing requirements of high-viscosity liquids, for example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also includes a threaded tube 24 disposed in the middle of the turntable 10, a threaded structure 25 that is threadedly connected to the threaded tube 24 on the drive shaft 9, an installation ring 26 fixedly connected to the lower surface of the threaded tube 24, a sealing cylinder 27 with an upward opening rotatably connected to the lower surface of the installation ring 26, the drive shaft 9 passing through the sealing cylinder 27 and fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder 27, and a torsion spring 28 fixedly connected between the side of the installation ring 26 away from the threaded tube 24 and the inner wall of the sealing cylinder 27.

[0048] During use, when the viscosity of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution increases, the rotational resistance of the liquid to the turntable 10 and the blade 22 increases, resulting in an increase in the reverse torque experienced by the turntable 10 during rotation. The threaded tube 24 in the middle of the turntable 10 is fixedly connected to the turntable 10. When the turntable 10 experiences rotational lag due to increased resistance, the threaded tube 24 rotates synchronously with the turntable 10, causing the threaded tube 24 to drive the turntable 10 to move vertically upward along the drive shaft 9. During the upward movement of the turntable 10, the distance between it and the fixing ring 8 on the inner wall of the cylinder 3 gradually decreases. According to the fluid shear principle, the smaller the distance between the two, the stronger the shearing force on the liquid when the turntable 10 rotates, thus adapting to the mixing requirements of high-viscosity liquids. When the threaded tube 24 drives the mounting ring 26 to rotate together, the torsion spring 28 is torsional deformed, and the torsion spring 28 generates a reverse elastic force, forming a force storage corresponding to the resistance.

[0049] When the viscosity of rare earth sulfate leaching solution decreases, the liquid fluidity increases. The torsion spring 28 automatically resets and drives the turntable 10 to move down through the threaded tube 24, restoring the distance between it and the fixed ring 8 to a state suitable for low viscosity. The shear force decreases simultaneously, which can accurately avoid emulsification and ensure the stability of subsequent separation processes. The entire process is triggered by changes in working conditions and does not require manual adjustment of parameters.

[0050] When both flow rate and viscosity increase simultaneously, the bidirectional adjustment of the fixed ring 8 moving downward and the turntable 10 moving upward allows the shear force to increase in a superimposed manner. This adapts to the working conditions of high flow rate and high viscosity with poor fluidity, ensuring full contact between the two liquid phases and more thorough transfer of impurity ions. It achieves dynamic adjustment of shear force without manual intervention, making it fully adaptable to the scenario of frequent fluctuations in working conditions during continuous industrial production.

[0051] Meanwhile, it solves the problem that the shear force of the existing fixed-spacing turntable 10 and fixed ring 8 cannot be adjusted with the viscosity. When the viscosity of the leachate increases, the liquid has poor fluidity and the fixed shear force is difficult to overcome the liquid resistance, resulting in insufficient mixing of heavy liquid and light liquid. If the shear force is preset too high to cope with high viscosity, it will cause the two phases to emulsify due to excessive shearing under low viscosity conditions, which will destroy the separation effect and increase the cost of subsequent processing.

[0052] For example, the present invention also includes a pulser detachably connected to the lower end of the cylinder 3.

[0053] During operation, after the heavy liquid and light liquid mix and transfer mass in the cylinder 3 during the operation of the extraction tower, the pulser is activated to generate periodic pulse vibrations, which are transmitted to the internal liquid through the lower end of the cylinder 3, applying pulse force to the mixture in the cylinder 3 and enhancing the stratification of the two phases.

[0054] To optimize fluid flow distribution, reduce dead zones and insufficient local mixing, and ensure more thorough contact between heavy and light liquids, for example, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also includes a first grid plate 29 and a second grid plate 30 arranged horizontally inside the cylinder 3. The first grid plate 29 is located above the heavy liquid inlet 4, and the second grid plate 30 is located below the light liquid inlet 5. The drive shaft 9 passes through the first grid plate 29 and the second grid plate 30 and is rotatably connected to the first grid plate 29 and the second grid plate 30.

[0055] During use, the first grid plate 29 diverts the heavy liquid above the heavy liquid inlet 4 to prevent the heavy liquid from directly impacting the space above and causing turbulence; the second grid plate 30 guides the light liquid below the light liquid inlet 5 to avoid the light liquid impacting the area below and causing turbulence, so that the two-phase liquids flow more evenly after entering the cylinder 3. By optimizing the liquid flow distribution, the mass transfer dead zone and local insufficient mixing are reduced, allowing the heavy liquid and light liquid to contact more fully and promoting the transfer of impurity ions.

[0056] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also includes a plurality of fixed retaining rings 31 on the outer side of the cylinder 3, a plurality of vertically arranged fixed rods 32 on the fixed retaining rings 31, a support 33 fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed rods 32, and a support base plate 34 fixedly connected to the lower end of the support 33.

[0057] During use, the cooperation of the fixing ring 31, fixing rod 32, support 33 and supporting base plate 34 can stabilize the supporting cylinder 3, prevent it from shaking or shifting during operation, ensure the overall structural stability of the device, and ensure the smooth progress of the impurity removal process.

[0058] In use, the rare earth sulfate leaching solution to be treated is passed into a backwash filter. The filtration process removes coarse particulate impurities such as mud, sand, and large suspended solids from the leaching solution. The filtered liquid then enters a precision filter to further remove fine impurities such as small particles and colloids, ultimately yielding a clear rare earth sulfate pretreated solution.

[0059] The pretreated solution is passed into a three-stage series reactor 1 for multi-stage stepwise impurity removal. At different stages of the reactor, appropriate impurity removal reagents, such as precipitants, are added sequentially to target different impurity ions such as iron, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium contained in the leachate. The impurity ions react with the reagents to form precipitates or separable complexes in stages, ultimately forming a suspension containing impurities.

[0060] The suspension discharged from the three-stage series reactor 1 is introduced into the high-efficiency thickener 2, where solid-liquid separation is achieved through gravity sedimentation. Solid impurities in the suspension form an underflow at the bottom of the thickener, which can be collected for subsequent processing, such as waste residue treatment. The supernatant at the top is used as the target liquid to be extracted and transported to the extraction tower.

[0061] The supernatant to be extracted, as the heavy liquid, is introduced through the heavy liquid inlet 4 of the extraction tower body 3, while the extractant, as the light liquid, is introduced through the light liquid inlet 5 of the body 3, allowing the two phases to come into natural contact within the body 3. The drive motor 23 is started, driving the vertically arranged drive shaft 9 to rotate. The turntable 10 and the blade 22 on the drive shaft 9 rotate synchronously. The turntable 10 engages with the fixing ring 8 on the wall of the body 3, generating shear force on the heavy and light liquids. At the same time, the rotation of the blade 22 generates radial stirring, promoting mass transfer between the two phases. During the operation of the extraction tower, after the heavy and light liquids mix and transfer mass within the body 3, the pulse generator is started to generate periodic pulse vibrations, which are transmitted to the internal liquid through the lower end of the body 3, applying pulse force to the mixture within the body 3 and enhancing the stratification of the two phases. The extracted light liquid, containing impurities, is discharged from the light liquid outlet 7 of the body 3, while the purified rare earth sulfate solution is discharged from the heavy liquid outlet 6 of the body 3, completing the final purification.

[0062] When the feed rate increases, the liquid flow rate entering the extraction tower cylinder 3 increases, leading to an increase in pressure inside the cylinder 3. This pressure is transmitted to the sealing plate 17 inside the fixed cylinder 16 through the communication channel between the fixed cylinder 16 and the inside of the cylinder 3. Under pressure, the sealing plate 17 slides away from the cylinder 3, simultaneously compressing the spring 18. The sliding of the sealing plate 17 drives the rack 19 to move horizontally in sync. The rack 19 meshes with the drive gear 15, causing the drive gear 15 to rotate. The rotation of the drive gear 15 directly drives the support rod 13 to rotate synchronously. When the support rod 13 rotates, the threaded sleeve 12 is subjected to thread action... The lower support rod 13 moves vertically downward along the axis, thereby driving the fixed ring 8, which is fixedly connected to the threaded sleeve 12, to move downward synchronously, reducing the distance between the fixed ring 8 and the turntable 10. When the fixed ring 8 moves downward to reduce the distance between itself and the turntable 10, it can improve the shear force on the heavy liquid and the light liquid, solving the problem of slow mass transfer interface between the heavy liquid and the light liquid caused by insufficient shear strength under high flow rate in the traditional fixed gap structure. It ensures that the heavy liquid and the light liquid can still make full contact under high flow rate, and can quickly respond to the change of increased feed rate, realizing the instantaneous downward movement of the fixed ring 8, avoiding the problem of insufficient mixing caused by adjustment lag.

[0063] Without manual intervention, the adjustment is triggered solely by pressure changes within the cylinder 3, enabling an instant response to fluctuations in the feed rate. When the feed rate increases, the fixed ring 8 is automatically driven to move downward to increase the shearing force; when the feed rate decreases, the compression spring 18 drives the sealing plate 17 to reset, causing the fixed ring 8 to move upward to reduce the shearing force. This perfectly adapts to different feed rate conditions, avoiding the lag of manual intervention. It can maintain a stable impurity removal effect in industrial production where the feed rate fluctuates frequently, while reducing impurity residue or emulsification problems caused by untimely adjustment, thus improving production efficiency and product purity.

[0064] When the viscosity of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution increases, the rotational resistance of the liquid to the turntable 10 and the blade 22 increases, resulting in an increase in the reverse torque experienced by the turntable 10 during rotation. The threaded tube 24 in the middle of the turntable 10 is fixedly connected to the turntable 10. When the turntable 10 experiences rotational lag due to increased resistance, the threaded tube 24 rotates synchronously with the turntable 10, causing the threaded tube 24 to drive the turntable 10 to move vertically upward along the drive shaft 9. During the upward movement of the turntable 10, the distance between it and the fixing ring 8 on the inner wall of the cylinder 3 gradually decreases. According to the fluid shear principle, the smaller the distance between the two, the stronger the shearing force on the liquid when the turntable 10 rotates, thus adapting to the mixing requirements of high-viscosity liquids. When the threaded tube 24 drives the mounting ring 26 to rotate together, the torsion spring 28 is torsional deformed, and the torsion spring 28 generates a reverse elastic force, forming a force storage corresponding to the resistance.

[0065] When the viscosity of the rare earth sulfate leaching solution decreases, the liquid fluidity increases. The torsion spring 28 automatically resets and drives the turntable 10 to move down through the threaded tube 24, restoring the distance between it and the fixed ring 8 to a state suitable for low viscosity. The shear force decreases simultaneously, which can accurately avoid emulsification and ensure the stability of subsequent separation processes. The entire process is triggered by changes in operating conditions and does not require manual adjustment of parameters.

[0066] When both flow rate and viscosity increase simultaneously, the bidirectional adjustment of the downward movement of the fixed ring 8 and the upward movement of the turntable 10 results in a superimposed increase in shear force. This adapts to the working conditions of high flow rate and high viscosity with poor fluidity, ensuring sufficient contact between the two liquid phases and more thorough transfer of impurity ions. It achieves dynamic adjustment of shear force without manual intervention, making it fully suitable for scenarios with frequent fluctuations in working conditions during continuous industrial production.

[0067] Meanwhile, it solves the problem that the shear force of the existing fixed-spacing turntable 10 and fixed ring 8 cannot be adjusted with the viscosity. When the viscosity of the leachate increases, the liquid has poor fluidity and the fixed shear force is difficult to overcome the liquid resistance, resulting in insufficient mixing of heavy liquid and light liquid. If the shear force is preset too high to cope with high viscosity, it will cause the two phases to emulsify due to excessive shearing under low viscosity conditions, which will destroy the separation effect and increase the cost of subsequent processing.

[0068] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution, characterized in that, The system includes a three-stage series reactor (1), which is used to remove impurities from the sulfuric acid rare earth pretreatment solution after backwashing and precision filtering in stages; one side of the three-stage series reactor (1) is connected to a high-efficiency thickener (2), which is used to separate the supernatant and underflow of the suspension after passing through the three-stage series reactor (1); one side of the high-efficiency thickener (2) is provided with an extraction tower, which is used to extract the supernatant of the high-efficiency thickener (2); The extraction tower includes a cylindrical body (3), which is connected to a heavy liquid inlet (4), a light liquid inlet (5), a heavy liquid outlet (6), and a light liquid outlet (7). Several sets of fixed rings (8) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylindrical body (3). A vertically arranged drive shaft (9) is provided inside the cylindrical body (3). Several sets of turntables (10) corresponding to the fixed rings (8) are distributed on the drive shaft (9). A first adjustment structure for driving the fixed rings (8) to move vertically is provided inside the cylindrical body (3). The first adjustment structure includes several sets of circumferentially distributed holes (11) on the fixed ring (8), and a threaded sleeve (12) is fixedly connected in the hole (11). Several sets of vertically arranged support rods (13) are provided in the cylinder (3). The support rods (13) pass through the threaded sleeves (12) and are threadedly connected to the threaded sleeves (12). The lower end of the support rod (13) is rotatably connected to a support seat (14). The support seat (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (3). The upper end of the support rod (13) is fixedly connected to a drive gear (15). The cylinder (3) is provided with a drive assembly that meshes with the drive gear (15). The drive assembly includes a fixed cylinder (16) fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder (3). One end of the fixed cylinder (16) is connected to the inside of the cylinder (3). A sealing plate (17) is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder (16). A compression spring (18) is connected between the sealing plate (17) and the inner wall of the fixed cylinder (16). A rack (19) that meshes with the drive gear (15) is fixedly connected to the side of the sealing plate (17) away from the compression spring (18).

2. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the cylinder (3) is provided with several sets of vertically arranged positioning grooves (20), and the outer side of the fixing ring (8) is provided with a positioning block (21) that is slidably connected to the positioning grooves (20).

3. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 2, characterized in that, The turntable (10) has radially arranged blades (22) distributed around its circumference, and the upper end of the drive shaft (9) passes through the cylinder (3) and is fixedly connected to a drive motor (23).

4. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 3, characterized in that, A threaded tube (24) is provided in the middle of the turntable (10). A threaded structure (25) is provided on the drive shaft (9) and is threaded to the threaded tube (24). An installation ring (26) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the threaded tube (24). An opening-facing sealing cylinder (27) is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the installation ring (26). The drive shaft (9) passes through the sealing cylinder (27) and is fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder (27). A torsion spring (28) is fixedly connected between the side of the installation ring (26) away from the threaded tube (24) and the inner wall of the sealing cylinder (27).

5. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower end of the cylinder (3) is detachably connected to a pulse generator.

6. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cylinder (3) is provided with a first grid plate (29) and a second grid plate (30) arranged horizontally. The first grid plate (29) is located above the heavy liquid inlet (4), and the second grid plate (30) is located below the light liquid inlet (5). The drive shaft (9) passes through the first grid plate (29) and the second grid plate (30) and is rotatably connected to the first grid plate (29) and the second grid plate (30).

7. The device for removing impurities from rare earth sulfate leaching solution according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer side of the cylinder (3) is provided with several sets of fixing rings (31), and the fixing rings (31) are provided with several sets of vertically arranged fixing rods (32). The lower end of the fixing rods (32) is fixedly connected to a support (33), and the lower end of the support (33) is fixedly connected to a supporting base plate (34).

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